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Download Download The Journal of Threatened Taxa (JoTT) is dedicated to building evidence for conservaton globally by publishing peer-reviewed artcles OPEN ACCESS online every month at a reasonably rapid rate at www.threatenedtaxa.org. All artcles published in JoTT are registered under Creatve Commons Atributon 4.0 Internatonal License unless otherwise mentoned. JoTT allows unrestricted use, reproducton, and distributon of artcles in any medium by providing adequate credit to the author(s) and the source of publicaton. Journal of Threatened Taxa Building evidence for conservaton globally www.threatenedtaxa.org ISSN 0974-7907 (Online) | ISSN 0974-7893 (Print) Communication Conservation breeding of Northern River Terrapin Batagur baska (Gray, 1830) in Sundarban Tiger Reserve, India Nilanjan Mallick, Shailendra Singh, Dibyadeep Chaterjee & Souritra Sharma 26 May 2021 | Vol. 13 | No. 6 | Pages: 18544–18550 DOI: 10.11609/jot.5412.13.6.18544-18550 For Focus, Scope, Aims, and Policies, visit htps://threatenedtaxa.org/index.php/JoTT/aims_scope For Artcle Submission Guidelines, visit htps://threatenedtaxa.org/index.php/JoTT/about/submissions For Policies against Scientfc Misconduct, visit htps://threatenedtaxa.org/index.php/JoTT/policies_various For reprints, contact <[email protected]> The opinions expressed by the authors do not refect the views of the Journal of Threatened Taxa, Wildlife Informaton Liaison Development Society, Zoo Outreach Organizaton, or any of the partners. The journal, the publisher, the host, and the part- Publisher & Host ners are not responsible for the accuracy of the politcal boundaries shown in the maps by the authors. Member Threatened Taxa Journal of Threatened Taxa | www.threatenedtaxa.org | 26 May 2021 | 13(6): 18544–18550 ISSN 0974-7907 (Online) | ISSN 0974-7893 (Print) OPEN ACCESS htps://doi.org/10.11609/jot.5412.13.6.18544-18550 #5412 | Received 16 December 2019 | Final received 09 March 2021 | Finally accepted 27 March 2021 COMMUNICATION Conservaton breeding of Northern River Terrapin Batagur baska (Gray, 1830) in Sundarban Tiger Reserve, India Nilanjan Mallick 1 , Shailendra Singh 2 , Dibyadeep Chaterjee 3 & Souritra Sharma4 1,3,4 Sundarban Tiger Reserve, Canning Town, South 24 Parganas, West Bengal 743329, India. 2 Turtle Survival Alliance, India- D1/317, Sector F, Jankipurum, Lucknow, Utar Pradesh 226021, India. 1 [email protected], 2 [email protected] (corresponding author), 3 [email protected], 4 [email protected] Abstract: The populaton of Northern River Terrapin Batagur baska is ‘Critcally Endangered’ and threatened with extncton. In India, the species was once known to occur in the mangroves of West Bengal and Odisha. The sub-populaton in Odisha is suspected to have been wiped out. The Sundarban Tiger Reserve and the Turtle Survival Alliance launched a modest conservaton breeding program in 2012 to recover the species using a small number of adults as founders. Gravid adult females are kept in a dedicated breeding enclosure with minimal disturbance, eggs are incubated outdoor on an artfcial nestng beach, and hatchlings are raised to develop assurance colonies for purposes of reintroducton in future. Currently, the project holds 12 adults and over 350 juveniles of various size classes. Three additonal assurance colonies were developed for 70 sub-adults from 2012–13 batches, using rain-fed ponds within STR. Keywords: Critcally Endangered, Four-toed Terrapin, Freshwater turtles, Geomydidae, river turtle, Testudines. Editor: L.A.K. Singh, Bhubaneswar, Odisha, India. Date of publicaton: 26 May 2021 (online & print) Citaton: Mallick, N., S. Singh, D. Chaterjee & S. Sharma (2021). Conservaton breeding of Northern River Terrapin Batagur baska (Gray, 1830) in Sundarban Tiger Reserve, India. Journal of Threatened Taxa 13(6): 18544–18550. htps://doi.org/10.11609/jot.5412.13.6.18544-18550 Copyright: © Mallick et al. 2021. Creatve Commons Atributon 4.0 Internatonal License. JoTT allows unrestricted use, reproducton, and distributon of this artcle in any medium by providing adequate credit to the author(s) and the source of publicaton. Funding: West Bengal Forest Department; West Bengal State Zoo Authority; IUCN Save our Species (SOS) 2012A-031 (2014); Ocean Park Conservaton Fund, Hong Kong- OPCFHK_RB02_1516 (2015–2016); People Trust for Endangered Species- (2015-2016); Auckland Zoo (2014–2015); Alan and Patricia Koval Foundaton. Competng interests: The authors declare no competng interests. For Author details � Author contributons see end of this artcle. Ethical Standards: All the required work has been done in accordance with the ethical standards and under the permit from the principal chief conservator of forests, wildlife 448/41/4R-1(pt-VIII) 10 dated 15 th February, 2010. Acknowledgements: We are thankful to Sri Ravi Kant Sinha, principal chief conservator of forests and head of forest force, West Bengal for constant encouragement and permit 448/41/4R-1(pt-VIII) 10 dated 15 February, 2010. We sincerely thank Sri. V.K Yadav PCCF(WL - West Bengal) and chief wildlife warden for his guidance and support. We would also like to thank Sri Piar Chand, additonal principal chief conservator of forest (APCCF) and director, Sundarban Biosphere Reserve for providing support and facilites towards setng up of breeding facility. We would like to thank Mr. Soumitra Dasgupta, former feld director, STR. We also thank the veterinary ofcer of Sundarban Tiger Reserve, Dr. Sankar Sekhar Biswas, for helping in monitoring the health of turtles during the inital stages of the project. SS thanks various organisatons such as IUCN Save our Species (SOS); Ocean Park Conservaton Fund, Hong Kong; People Trust for Endangered Species, Auckland Zoo and Alan and Patricia Koval Foundaton for funding various scientfc component of the project between 2012–2019. Madras Crocodile Bank Trust/Centre for Herpetology is thanked for providing technical inputs. Mr Rick Hudson, Mr Andrew Walde, Dr Gerald Kuchling, Mr Lonnie McCaskill are thanked for suggestons and inputs. Dr Niladri Dasgupta, Dr Disha Sharma, Dr. Preet Goswami, Mr. Shashwat Sirsi, Mr Saurav Gawan, Mr Sayantan Ghosh are thanked for assistance in feld and data collecton. West Bengal State Zoo Authority provided additonal funding for building assurance colonies. Various ofcers and staf members of Sunderban Tiger Reserve are thanked for logistcs helps. 18544 Conservaton breeding of Batagur baska Mallick et al. J TT INTRODUCTION predaton by Water Monitor Lizards Varanus salvator or Rhesus Macaques Macaca mulata. Singh et al. (2014) Distributon and status of Batagur baska also found spoors and signs of severe digging by Wild The Indian subcontnent has one of the richest Boar Sus scrofa, possibly in search of turtle nests in assemblages of chelonians in the world, with 29 Mechhua and other sea facing sandy beaches in the freshwater turtles (Mital et. al 2019) and tortoises, Indian Sundarbans. Also, intense exploitaton of the of which all the members of the genus Batagur are eggs and adults pertaining to illegal wildlife trade is seriously threatened. Batagur baska (Gray, 1830), considered to be the key driver of massive decline of commonly known as the Northern River Terrapin or Batagur populaton. Four-toed Terrapin, is a giant river turtle belonging to With an estmate of less than 40 animals in India the family Geoemydidae within the order Testudines. B. (Praschag & Singh 2019) the only plausible soluton to baska is listed as ‘Critcally Endangered’ in the IUCN Red recover this species is conservaton breeding followed List (Praschag & Singh 2019), and is recognised as one by supplementaton in the wild. Sundarban is the only of the top 25 endangered turtle species in world (Turtle known abode of B. baska in India, and some successful Conservaton Coalitons 2018). The species is also listed hatching of the species has occurred at the Madras in the Appendix–I of the CITES. Crocodile Bank Trust (Whitaker, in Singh 2014). West Formerly believed to have been a single species Bengal Forest Department, with the help of the Turtle ranging across the entre southeastern Asian region, Survival Alliance (TSA) has been atemptng to recover B. baska is actually one of two genetcally distnct Batagur baska species since 2008. In August of the species (Praschag et al., 2007). The populatons of river same year, 12 adults were captured and examined by terrapins of Thailand, Malaysia, and Indonesia are now researchers with assistance from local fshermen in the listed as the Southern River Terrapin Batagur afnis, Sajnekhali range of the Indian Sundarbans (Singh & Saha while the northern species from India to Myanmar has 2008), which led to re-instatng the breeding programme retained the name B. baska (Praschag et al. 2008b, 2009; in the STR afer a gap of about 20 years. The objectve Weissenbacher et al. 2015; Praschag & Singh 2019). in the present note is to put in record the informaton Historically, B. baska was found in Odisha and the about the eforts made for conservaton of B. baska in Hooghly River mouth, West Bengal (Blyth in. Gunther, Sundarbans, West Bengal in India. 1864) in India, through to Bangladesh and Myanmar (lower Ayayarwady, Sitanug, and Thanlwin), and possibly as far south as the Andaman Sea side of Thailand at the CONSERVATION OF BATAGUR IN SUNDARBANS Kra River. Batagur was distributed in all the coastal The Batagur populaton districts of Odisha (Orissa), partcularly the deltaic The local Bengali name for Batagur baska is ‘pore regions of Mahanadi, Brahmani, Baitarani, Dhamra and katha’ for male, and ‘sundi’ or ‘balli katha’ for female Subarnarekha, but Mishra, et al. (1996) believed it might (Das 1985). Since the 1980’s ex situ conservaton have got extnct. During the last recorded river survey in program for the Olive Ridley Turtle Lepidochely solivacea West Bengal and Odisha, while no evidence of a single was operatonal in STR, when eggs of the species were populaton of B. baska was found from well-known collected from wild nests and incubated in controlled habitats of this species in Odisha (Praschag et. al 2008a), environment at Sajnekhali. Subsequently, the hatchlings nestng females were confrmed to be surviving in the were released in the sea.
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