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The Lancet Commissions ¿Un Futuro Para Los Niños De Todo El Mundo? Una Comisión OMS-UNICEF-The Lancet

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The Lancet Commissions ¿Un Futuro Para Los Niños De Todo El Mundo? Una Comisión OMS-UNICEF-The Lancet The Lancet Commissions ¿Un futuro para los niños de todo el mundo? Una Comisión OMS-UNICEF-The Lancet Helen Clark*, Awa Marie Coll-Seck*, Anshu Banerjee, Stefan Peterson, Sarah L Dalglish, Shanthi Ameratunga, Dina Balabanova, Maharaj Kishan Bhan†, Zulfiqar A Bhutta, John Borrazzo, Mariam Claeson, Tanya Doherty, Fadi El-Jardali, Asha S George, Angela Gichaga, Lu Gram, David B Hipgrave, Aku Kwamie, Qingyue Meng, Raúl Mercer, Sunita Narain, Jesca Nsungwa-Sabiiti, Adesola O Olumide, David Osrin, Timothy Powell-Jackson, Kumanan Rasanathan, Imran Rasul, Papaarangi Reid, Jennifer Requejo, Sarah S Rohde, Nigel Rollins, Magali Romedenne, Harshpal Singh Sachdev, Rana Saleh, Yusra R Shawar, Jeremy Shiffman, Jonathon Simon, Peter D Sly, Karin Stenberg, Mark Tomlinson, Rajani R Ved, Anthony Costello Resumen ejecutivo marcados por la guerra o la inseguridad, sin acceso a los Publicado Online A pesar de las espectaculares mejoras en la supervivencia, servicios más básicos de salud, educación y desarrollo. febrero 18, 2020 https://doi.org/10.1016/ la nutrición y la educación logradas en las últimas Las instancias decisorias deben pensar a largo plazo. S0140-6736(19)32540-1 décadas, el futuro de nuestros niños es actualmente Sabemos que la salud y la nutrición adecuadas durante la *Commission co-chairs incierto. El cambio climático, la degradación del medio etapa fetal y en los primeros años de vida son el †Dr Bhan died in January, 2020 ambiente, las migraciones, los conflictos, las inequidades fundamento de una vida saludable, y también que el The Helen Clark Foundation, generalizadas y las prácticas comerciales agresivas aprendizaje y las habilidades sociales que adquirimos en Auckland, New Zealand amenazan la salud y el futuro de los niños en todos los nuestros primeros años son el fundamento del desarrollo (H Clark MA); Partnership for países. En 2015, los países acordaron los Objetivos de posterior y contribuyen a reforzar la política y la economía Maternal Newborn & Child Desarrollo Sostenible (ODS). Sin embargo, son pocos los de los países. La calidad de los servicios de salud y la Health, Geneva, Switzerland (H Clark); Senegal Presidency, que, casi cinco años después, han avanzado a un ritmo cobertura sanitaria universal deberían considerarse Dakar, Senegal suficiente para hacerlos realidad. En la presente reseña, prioridades máximas. Invertir más en la infancia daría (A M Coll-Seck MD); Department esta Comisión explica por qué los niños de 0 a 18 años unos importantes beneficios a un costo que está lejos de of Maternal Newborn Child and deben ocupar un lugar central en los ODS, en nuestra ser prohibitivo: de acuerdo con un análisis de los ODS, Adolescent Health (A Banerjee MD, N Rollins MD, noción de sostenibilidad y en nuestros esfuerzos basta invertir solamente US$ 195 más por persona para J Simon DSc), Department of conjuntos. Los gobiernos deben aprovechar las alianzas alcanzarlos. Si los países desean consolidar su desarrollo Health Systems Governance entre distintos sectores para superar las presiones económico y humano, deben estudiar el uso de and Financing, WHO, Geneva, comerciales y del entorno con el fin de velar por que los instrumentos de financiación que ayuden a los niños de Switzerland (K Stenberg MSc); Health Division (S Peterson MD, niños puedan hacer efectivos sus derechos ahora y los grupos poblacionales más pobres para paliar ese D B Hipgrave PhD, disfrutar de un planeta habitable en los años venideros. déficit, y a considerar esta financiación como la inversión J Requejo PhD), HIV, Data, and más potente que puede realizar una sociedad. Sin Analytics Division UNICEF, Invertir en la salud de los niños para ofrecer beneficios embargo, no se trata solamente de dinero: la participación New York, NY, USA (J Requejo); Department of International económicos a varias generaciones durante toda la vida de los ciudadanos y las comunidades, incluidas las Health, Johns Hopkins School of Los datos son concluyentes: invertir tempranamente en propuestas de los propios niños, son potentes fuerzas de Public Health, Baltimore, MD, la salud, la educación y el desarrollo de los niños rinde cambio que debemos movilizar para alcanzar los ODS. USA (S L Dalglish PhD, beneficios durante toda su vida que se extienden a sus Los movimientos sociales deben ser un elemento Y R Shawar PhD, Prof J Shiffman PhD); School of futuros hijos y a la sociedad en general. Las sociedades transformador para exigir los derechos que las Population Health, prósperas invierten en sus hijos y protegen sus derechos, comunidades necesitan con el fin de cuidar de los niños University of Auckland, como se hace patente en los países que, gracias a ello, y brindar apoyo a las familias. Auckland, New Zealand han logrado buenos resultados sanitarios y económicos (Prof S Ameratunga MBChB, P Reid MBChB); Department of en las últimas décadas. Sin embargo, muchos políticos Las autoridades tienen la obligación de cuidar y proteger Global Health and continúan sin priorizar las inversiones en la infancia y a través de todos los sectores de gobierno Development, London School sin basarse en ellas para lograr mejoras más amplias Para los países que trabajan por el bien de las of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine, London, UK para la sociedad. Incluso en los países ricos, muchos generaciones futuras, satisfacer todas las necesidades de (D Balabanova PhD, niños pasan hambre o viven en la absoluta pobreza, la infancia es una prioridad máxima. Con ese fin, T Powell-Jackson PhD); Health sobre todo los que pertenecen a grupos sociales protegen derechos como la licencia remunerada por Systems Transformation marginados, como las poblaciones indígenas y las maternidad o paternidad, la atención primaria gratuita Platform, Tata Trusts, Mumbai, India (M K Bhan MD); Centre for minorías étnicas. A menudo se infravalora el potencial en los centros de salud, el acceso a alimentos saludables Global Child Health, Hospital for de los niños con dispacidades relacionadas con el y en cantidades suficientes, la educación pública gratuita Sick Children, Toronto, OT, desarrollo y, de ese modo, se limitan sus contribuciones a o subvencionada y otras medidas de protección social. Canada (Prof Z A Bhutta PhD); la sociedad. Además, muchos millones de niños crecen Además, se aseguran de que los niños crezcan en Global Financing Facility, World www.thelancet.com Publicado online febrero 18, 2020 https://doi.org/10.1016/S0140-6736(19)32540-1 1 The Lancet Commissions Bank, Washington, DC, USA entornos seguros y saludables, donde haya agua y aire emisiones de gases de efecto invernadero en esos (J Borrazzo PhD, M Claeson MD); limpios y espacios seguros para jugar. Estos países mismos países, tanto las pasadas como las actuales, Health Systems Research Unit, South African Medical Research respetan la igualdad de derechos de las niñas, los niños y ponen en riesgo sus vidas. Los daños que causamos Council, Cape Town, aquellos que no se ajustan a las identidades de género actualmente al medio ambiente comprometen el futuro South Africa (Prof T Doherty PhD, tradicionales. Sus instancias normativas tienen en cuenta de los niños en nuestro planeta, su único hogar. Por esta S S Rohde MPH); Department of los efectos de todas las políticas en todos los niños, sobre razón, si queremos mejorar la salud y el bienestar de los Health Management and Policy, (Prof F El-Jardali PhD) Knowledge todo los de las familias más pobres y los grupos niños debemos priorizar medidas que promuevan la to Policy Center American poblacionales marginados. Para ello, las autoridades sostenibilidad y equidad ecológicas y les protejan a University of Beirut, Beirut, gubernamentales garantizan, en primer lugar, el registro todos, incluidos los más vulnerables. Hemos evaluado Lebanon (Prof F El-Jardali, de los nacimientos, con el fin de satisfacer las necesidades un nuevo perfil para hacer un seguimiento de los R Saleh MPH); School of Public Health, University of Western de los niños a lo largo del curso de la vida y ayudarlos a progresos alcanzados por los países a partir del desarrollo Cape, Bellville, South Africa que lleguen a la edad adulta como ciudadanos actual y futuro de los niños, basándonos en los (Prof A S George DPhil); comprometidos y productivos. Los derechos de los niños indicadores de los ODS en dos áreas denominadas Financing Alliance for están consagrados en la Convención de las Naciones «sobrevivir» y «prosperar», sobre los que informan 180 Health, Nairobi, Kenya (A Gichaga MBChB); Institute Unidas sobre los Derechos del Niño, que ha sido países. También hemos medido las emisiones de gases for Global Health (L Gram PhD, ratificada por todos los países excepto los Estados Unidos de efecto invernadero en cada país para estudiar de Prof D Osrin MRCPCH), de América. Los países pueden garantizar esos derechos forma indirecta las amenazas al bienestar futuro de los Department of Economics, de distintas formas, pero su satisfacción es el único niños. Además, hemos complementado este perfil (Prof I Rasul PhD) University College London, London, UK camino para que todos los países hagan realidad los ODS teniendo en cuenta las medidas de equidad económica (Prof A Costello FMedSci); y velen por la salud y el bienestar de los niños, y requiere existentes. Los países más pobres tienen un largo Health Policy and Systems de una acción pública firme y decidida. camino por recorrer para ayudar a sus niños a llevar una Research Consultant, Accra, Habida cuenta de que en todos los sectores hay vida saludable, pero los más ricos están poniendo en Ghana (A Kwamie PhD); China Center for Health Development elementos que pueden poner en peligro la salud y el peligro el futuro de todos los niños a causa de la Studies, Peking bienestar de los niños, es necesario adoptar un enfoque contaminación por dióxido de carbono, que está University, Beijing, China deliberadamente multisectorial para que los niños y ocasionando un cambio climático y una catástrofe (Prof Q Meng PhD); Program of adolescentes de 0 a 18 años sobrevivan y prosperen, tanto medioambiental fuera de control.
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