Switching System Codes
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The Great Telecom Meltdown for a Listing of Recent Titles in the Artech House Telecommunications Library, Turn to the Back of This Book
The Great Telecom Meltdown For a listing of recent titles in the Artech House Telecommunications Library, turn to the back of this book. The Great Telecom Meltdown Fred R. Goldstein a r techhouse. com Library of Congress Cataloging-in-Publication Data A catalog record for this book is available from the U.S. Library of Congress. British Library Cataloguing in Publication Data Goldstein, Fred R. The great telecom meltdown.—(Artech House telecommunications Library) 1. Telecommunication—History 2. Telecommunciation—Technological innovations— History 3. Telecommunication—Finance—History I. Title 384’.09 ISBN 1-58053-939-4 Cover design by Leslie Genser © 2005 ARTECH HOUSE, INC. 685 Canton Street Norwood, MA 02062 All rights reserved. Printed and bound in the United States of America. No part of this book may be reproduced or utilized in any form or by any means, electronic or mechanical, including photocopying, recording, or by any information storage and retrieval system, without permission in writing from the publisher. All terms mentioned in this book that are known to be trademarks or service marks have been appropriately capitalized. Artech House cannot attest to the accuracy of this information. Use of a term in this book should not be regarded as affecting the validity of any trademark or service mark. International Standard Book Number: 1-58053-939-4 10987654321 Contents ix Hybrid Fiber-Coax (HFC) Gave Cable Providers an Advantage on “Triple Play” 122 RBOCs Took the Threat Seriously 123 Hybrid Fiber-Coax Is Developed 123 Cable Modems -
Switching Relations: the Rise and Fall of the Norwegian Telecom Industry
View metadata, citation and similar papers at core.ac.uk brought to you by CORE provided by NORA - Norwegian Open Research Archives Switching Relations The rise and fall of the Norwegian telecom industry by Sverre A. Christensen A dissertation submitted to BI Norwegian School of Management for the Degree of Dr.Oecon Series of Dissertations 2/2006 BI Norwegian School of Management Department of Innovation and Economic Organization Sverre A. Christensen: Switching Relations: The rise and fall of the Norwegian telecom industry © Sverre A. Christensen 2006 Series of Dissertations 2/2006 ISBN: 82 7042 746 2 ISSN: 1502-2099 BI Norwegian School of Management N-0442 Oslo Phone: +47 4641 0000 www.bi.no Printing: Nordberg The dissertation may be ordered from our website www.bi.no (Research - Research Publications) ii Acknowledgements I would like to thank my supervisor Knut Sogner, who has played a crucial role throughout the entire process. Thanks for having confidence and patience with me. A special thanks also to Mats Fridlund, who has been so gracious as to let me use one of his titles for this dissertation, Switching relations. My thanks go also to the staff at the Centre of Business History at the Norwegian School of Management, most particularly Gunhild Ecklund and Dag Ove Skjold who have been of great support during turbulent years. Also in need of mentioning are Harald Rinde, Harald Espeli and Lars Thue for inspiring discussion and com- ments on earlier drafts. The rest at the centre: no one mentioned, no one forgotten. My thanks also go to the Department of Innovation and Economic Organization at the Norwegian School of Management, and Per Ingvar Olsen. -
Design of a Circuit for Remote Control of Multiple Devices Using DTMF Encoder and Decoder
International Journal of Scientific and Research Publications, Volume 3, Issue 12, December 2013 1 ISSN 2250-3153 Design of a Circuit for Remote Control of Multiple Devices using DTMF Encoder and Decoder Haimanti Chakraborty*, Prof. (Dr.) Prabir Banerjee* * Department of Electronics & Communication Engineering, Heritage Institute of Technology, Kolkata, India frequencies that will be transmitted via an analog communication Abstract- With the advancement in technology, the number channel or network like a telephone line. It was developed of electronic devices in our day-to-day lives has increased to by Western Electric and introduced by AT&T in 1963. During its make life simpler. So a necessity to construct a Universal development, unique individual frequency filters were chosen Remote System that will easily control all these devices from a carefully so that the tones could easily travel via the telephone distance will not only reduce the complexity of handling the lines (the maximum guaranteed bandwidth for a standard number of devices simultaneously, but also save power. telephone line extends from around 300 Hz to 3.5 kHz). DTMF This paper presents a successfully developed hardware was not intended for data transfer, rather for control signals only. of a Universal Remote Control System using DTMF (Dual- With a standard DTMF encoder/decoder, it is possible to signal Tone Multi-Frequency) tones as the control signals. The at a rate of around 10 tones/signals per second. uniqueness of DTMF is that it is simple to generate and noise- The DTMF keypad is laid out in a 4x4 matrix, with two immune. This system was also implemented using GSM links frequencies (each row representing a low frequency and each besides the wired channel, the main advantage of it being that it column representing a high frequency) played simultaneously by helps in controlling devices located at any part of the world or a standard home phone/fax or mobile phone. -
The American Telephone and Telegraph Company Divestiture: Background, Provisions, and Restructuring
Report No. 84-58 E I -. <I?....*- ".YII. -n, -- THE AMERICAN TELEPHONE AND TELEGRAPH COMPANY DIVESTITURE: BACKGROUND, PROVISIONS, AND RESTRUCTURING b Y Angele A. Gilroy Specialist in Industrial Organization Economics Division COLLECTION WKI HEKN !CNTUCKY LIBRARY April 11, 1984 11 i :::A L.'~~-l.ii.e makes jucn research available. without parti- ::;I.. in lr:m\ !orrns inc!uding studies. reports. cornpila- ;,)I!., I!:<?\[>. :md l:a~kqroi~ndhrietings. Cpon request. CRS .. ., :i ~ !>!r::z:rrir.e.;in ann1~-zingle+slative proposals and -tl:..b. :!nd in s>w;sinq the possible effects of these proposals . < :!I irie.The Ser~ice'ssenior specialists and ii,:c( r :iil.,;ii ?is are also at-aiiable for personal consultations ;xi-ir :.t>.;!?ecri\-elieid.; t~f'expertise. ABSTRACT On January 1, 1984, The American Telephone and Telegraph Company (AT&T) di- vested itself of a major portion of its organizational structure and functions. Under the post-divestiture environment the once fully-integrated Bell System is now reorganized into the "new" AT&T and seven Ladependent regional 5olding ?om- panies -- American Information Technologies Corp., 3ell Atlantic Corp., 3ell- South Corp., NYNEX Corp., Pacific Telesis Group., Southwestern Bell Corp., and U.S. West, Inc. The following analysis provides an overview of the pre- and post-divestiture organizational structure and details the evolution of the anti- trust action which resulted in this divestiture. CONTENTS ABSTRACT ................................................................ iii INTRODUCTION ............................................................ 1 1 . BELL SYSTEM CORPORATE REORGANIZATION .............................. 3 A . Predivestiture Bell System Corporate Structure ................ 3 B . Divested Operating Company Structure .......................... 5 C . Post-Divestiture AThT Organizational Structure ................ 7 11. -
MAS.632 Conversational Computer Systems
MIT OpenCourseWare http://ocw.mit.edu MAS.632 Conversational Computer Systems Fall 2008 For information about citing these materials or our Terms of Use, visit: http://ocw.mit.edu/terms. 10 Basics of Telephones This and the following chapters explain the technology and computer applica tions oftelephones, much as earlier pairs ofchapters explored speech coding, syn thesis, and recognition. The juxtaposition of telephony with voice processing in a single volume is unusual; what is their relationship? First, the telephone is an ideal means to access interactive voice response services such as those described in Chapter 6. Second, computer-based voice mail will give a strong boost to other uses of stored voice such as those already described in Chapter 4 and to be explored again in Chapter 12. Finally, focusing on communication,i.e., the task rather than the technology, leads to a better appreciation of the broad intersec tion of speech, computers, and our everyday work lives. This chapter describes the basic telephone operations that transport voice across a network to a remote location. Telephony is changing rapidly in ways that radically modify how we think about and use telephones now and in the future. Conventional telephones are already ubiquitous for the business traveler in industrialized countries, but the rise in personal, portable, wireless telephones is spawning entirely new ways of thinking about universal voice connectivity. The pervasiveness of telephone and computer technologies combined with the critical need to communicate in our professional lives suggest that it would be foolish to ignore the role of the telephone as a speech processing peripheral just like a speaker or microphone. -
Competition and Deployment of New Technology in U.S. Telecommunications Howard A
University of Chicago Legal Forum Volume 2000 | Issue 1 Article 5 Competition and Deployment of New Technology in U.S. Telecommunications Howard A. Shelanski [email protected] Follow this and additional works at: http://chicagounbound.uchicago.edu/uclf Recommended Citation Shelanski, Howard A. () "Competition and Deployment of New Technology in U.S. Telecommunications," University of Chicago Legal Forum: Vol. 2000: Iss. 1, Article 5. Available at: http://chicagounbound.uchicago.edu/uclf/vol2000/iss1/5 This Article is brought to you for free and open access by Chicago Unbound. It has been accepted for inclusion in University of Chicago Legal Forum by an authorized administrator of Chicago Unbound. For more information, please contact [email protected]. Competition and Deployment of New Technology in U.S. Telecommunications Howard A. Shelanskit Participants in regulatory and antitrust proceedings affect- ing telecommunications have, with increasing frequency, asserted that policy decisions designed to promote or preserve competition will have unintended, negative consequences for technological change.1 The goal of this study is to determine the initial pre- sumption with which regulators and enforcement agencies should approach such contentions. To that end, this Article examines how the introduction of new technology in U.S. telecommunica- tions networks has historically related to market structure. It analyzes deployment data from a sample of technologies and finds that innovations have been more rapidly deployed in tele- communications networks the more competitive have been the markets in which those networks operated. This positive correla- tion between competition and adoption of new technology sug- gests that regulators and enforcement officials should be wary of claims that, by adhering to policies designed to preserve competi- tion, they will impede firms from deploying innovations or bringing new services to consumers.2 f School of Law, University of California at Berkeley. -
WE Inter-Phones and Accessories 1915
• ,..--·~! l ? -/ t F .L_:"""; ..... ~ 1915 , . / -, iEl1@~;t!?ll~ ," cMQ)JNIE~ TCI Library: www.telephonecollectors.info Page 1 }H1sll'rn #.£/,rlrit COMPANY Inter-phones and Accessories "INTER-PHONE" is the trade name adopted by the Western Electric Company for what is commonly known as Intercommunicating Telephone Apparatus. On the following pages will be found much information of value. "e have avoided, as far as possible, the use of general or descriptive information, and have endeavored to condense all data given. Wiring diagrams are also shown. Three general types of Inter-phones-\\all, desk, and hand-set types-are furnished. Under each system are listed the types adapted for the service described. INTER-PHONE SYSTEMS The various systems for which Inter-phones are adapted are as follows: HOUSE TELEPHONE SYSTEM. Multi-station, one or two-way service. Two to three line wires. System No. 16, list on page 3. ___ TWO STATIONS ONLY. Two line wires. Batteries at each station. System No. 14, listed on page 6. TWO TO SIX STATIONS. Code ri"gings-common talking. Three to foUl' line wires. Batteries at one station only. ,-,ystem No. 15, listed on page 7. THREE TO NINE STATIONS. Selective ringing. Common talking. Batteries at one s a ion only. System TO. 11, lis on page 11. MASTER STATION and not more than twelve outlying stations. Batteries at mas er s ation only. System Ko. 12 lis~ed on page 13. NOT MORE THAN TWENTY-FOUR STATIONS. Selective ringing and talking be tween all stations. System :;\0. 1, listed on page 18. A SYSTEM ALLOWING SECRET CONVERSATIONS between certain stations, being a modification of System No. -
Telecom) Terms Glossary and Dictionary - A
Tele-Communication (Telecom) Terms Glossary and Dictionary - A A & B Bit A & B Bit is used in digital environments to convey signaling information. A bit equal to one generally corresponds to loop current flowing in an analog environment; A bit value of zero corresponds to no loop Current, i.e. to no connection. Other signals are made by changing bit values: for example, a flash-hook is sent by briefly setting the A bit to zero. A Links A Links, also known as SS7 access links, connect an end office or signal point to a mated pair of signal transfer points. They may also connect signal transfer points and signal control points at the regional level with the A-links assigned in a quad arrangement. A&B Bit Signaling A&B Bit Signaling, also called 24th channel signaling, is a procedure used in T1 transmission facilities in which each of the 24Â T1 subchannels devotes 1 bit of every sixth frame to the carrying of supervisory signaling information. On T1 lines that use Extended SuperFrame(ESF) framing, the signaling bits are robbed from the 6th, 12th, 18th, and 24th frame, resulting in "ABCD" signaling bits. ABAM cable ABAM cable refers to a type of T1 cable. This cable was a 22 gauge, 100 ohm insulated, twisted pair. ABAM cable is no longer available, but you can easily find cable that meets the technical requirements. Abandoned Call Abandoned Call is a call in which the call originator disconnects or cancels the call after a connection has been made, but before the call is established. -
Listing of Various Vintage Switching, Telecom, and Teletype Tools, Part 1
C.O. and Strowger Switch/Other Telecom Tools Part 1 Etelco BT The following are some of the tools in the collection of the Telephone Museum of P.E.I. - they are not for sale. I am posting this on the site, as it provides a good listing of the tools available from each manufacturer, plus descriptions of the designed usage from the manufacturer's catalogs. This is by no means a complete listing of all tools manufactured and used in the telecom industry. There was a specialty tool designed for just about every job. You may note some items marked as not yet received. These are items on order, or that are in the mail to me. I am continually looking for tools to add to this collection - Dave Hunter, [email protected]: I have only listed a few of the Butt sets in the collection. I have 20-30 in the collection, but have only listed a few of the more common types. I have a number which were conversions of non-dial butt sets which have had dial shrouds added as well. The early items I put on this list do not have accompanying photos. Recent additions do have photos, and as I get time, I will gradually re-vamp the listing to include photos for all items listed. The latest versions of these files may be downloaded from: Part 1: http://www.islandregister.com/phones/tools_switching.pdf Part 2: http://www.islandregister.com/phones/tools_switching2.pdf WE/NE/Bell C.O. Tools: NE-1014B - Aug 22, 2012 - This is a 1014B donated by Barry McCallum and was a kit which included the NE-20B case, an NE715A tool, NE 716A tool, NE716B tool, NE717B tool, 1 Box containing four NE 718A tools, Container containing eight P12B536 tubes, NE 666B tool, NE 674 tool, and a container holding one NE 689A contact separator. -
Protected Landmark Designation Report
CITY OF HOUSTON Archaeological & Historical Commission Planning and Development Department PROTECTED LANDMARK DESIGNATION REPORT LANDMARK NAME: Western Electric Company Building AGENDA ITEM: III.b OWNER: Caspian Enterprises Inc. HPO FILE NO: 12PL112 APPLICANT: Same as Owner DATE ACCEPTED: Sep-5-2012 LOCATION: 100 Jackson Street HAHC HEARING: Sep-20-2012 SITE INFORMATION Lots 3, 4, and 5, Block 106, Baker SSBB, City of Houston, Harris County, Texas. The site includes a three-story brick warehouse building with one-story side addition. TYPE OF APPROVAL REQUESTED: Protected Landmark Designation for an existing Landmark HISTORY AND SIGNIFICANCE SUMMARY In 2009, City Council designated the Western Electric Company Building at 100 Jackson Street as a City of Houston Landmark. The property owner is now requesting Protected Landmark designation for the building. The Western Electric Company Building at the corner of Jackson Street and Commerce Avenue is a three-story brick warehouse building built circa 1917. The building is located in Houston’s Warehouse District on the east side of downtown south of Buffalo Bayou. The Warehouse District largely developed from 1890 through the 1930s to accommodate Houston’s rapid economic expansion in those decades. With its proximity to rail and shipping, the area attracted numerous commercial and industrial businesses until the decline of the railroads and the ascension of trucking after World War II allowed industrial development to disperse throughout the city. The building’s namesake and original tenant, Western Electric, got its start in Chicago in the 1870s as a manufacturer of telegraph equipment for Western Union, and by 1882, had been acquired by Bell Telephone (later AT&T) as its manufacturing arm. -
“Mr. Watson- Come Here- I Want to See You!” These Were the First Words Ever Spoken on a Telephone by Inventor, Alexander Graham Bell on March 10, 1876
“Mr. Watson- Come here- I want to see you!” These were the first words ever spoken on a telephone by inventor, Alexander Graham Bell on March 10, 1876. Many people do not know that the telephone was also being invented at the same time by two other individuals. With only hours separating the two inventors, Alexander Graham Bell patented the device before competitor Elisha Gray could file for his patent. Through the invention of the telephone other technological inventions have been able to be created such as the internet, fax machines, and cellular phones. With the ever-changing habits of communication, the telephone has allowed the transformation of technology to adapt to the ever-increasing needs of the consumer. Wall Mounted Phones Wood Wall phones were among the first phones that were made available to the public by the early telephone companies of the late 1900s. Most of these phones had self contained batteries to provide transmission power, and a magneto to generate the electricity required to ring the bells of the party being called. This strategy enabled telephone users to communicate with each other without the requirement for a centralized power supply. An added benefit was derived from the fact that the local batteries provided a stronger more consistent power source compared to common battery power that suffered from line attenuation in the extended line runs common in rural settings. The manufacture of local battery phones with magneto ringing was essentially This wood wall phone was manufactured discontinued in the US during the 1940s. The rural nature of Canada, however, created an by the Century Telephone Construction ongoing need for these phones. -
Diccionario De Términos Y Acrónimos De Comunicaciones De Datos
DICCIONARIO DE TÉRMINOS Y ACRÓNIMOS DE COMUNICACIONES L&M Data Communications S.A. www.LMdata.es Tf. 91.352.41.31 Diccionario de Términos y Acrónimos de Comunicaciones de Datos Diccionario de Términos y Acrónimos de Comunicaciones de Datos -1- L&M Data Communications S.A. www.LMdata.es Tf. 91.352.41.31 Sus comentarios y sugerencias para mejorar futuras ediciones, puede enviarlos a: [email protected] Toda la información actualizada sobre nuestros cursos y publicaciones en: www.LMdata.es Si quiere estar al día, visite en nuestro Web la Enciclopedia Virtual de las Comunicaciones: Tecnologías, Productos, Servicios, Historia, Noticias, Organismos, Empresas, etc. Diccionario de Términos y Acrónimos de Comunicaciones de Datos -2- L&M Data Communications S.A. www.LMdata.es Tf. 91.352.41.31 Dicionario de Términos y Acrónimos de Comunicaciones de Datos José Morales Barroso – Juan Luis Lázaro García L&M Data Communications v.2003 Diccionario de Términos y Acrónimos de Comunicaciones de Datos -3- L&M Data Communications S.A. www.LMdata.es Tf. 91.352.41.31 Diccionario Enciclopédico de Términos y Acrónimos de Comunicaciones de Datos Edición 06 de noviembre de 2003 © L&M Data Communications S. A. ISBN: 84-89416-24-9 Depósito Legal: M-13.544 Printed in Spain Todos los derechos reservados. Ninguna parte de este documento puede ser reproducida o transmitida por ningún medio electrónico o mecánico, grabación o cualquier otro método de almacenamiento y recuperación, sin permiso por escrito de L&M (Ley Orgánica 6/ 1987 de 11 Noviembre) Diccionario de Términos y Acrónimos de Comunicaciones de Datos -4- L&M Data Communications S.A.