Republic of Guyana Guyana Energy Agency Guyana Power and Light Caribbean Community
THE PREPARATORY SURVEY
FOR
THE PROJECT FOR
THE INTRODUCTION OF RENEWABLE ENERGY
AND IMPROVEMENT OF POWER SYSTEM IN THE CO-OPERATIVE
REPUBLIC OF GUYANA
FINAL REPORT
May 2018
Japan International Cooperation Agency
The Kansai Electric Power Co., Inc. NEWJEC Inc. I L J R 18-046
Final Report Summary
Summary
1 OVERVIEW OF GUYANA
1-1 LAND, NATURE Guyana (the Co-operative Republic of Guyana) is a country located in the northeastern part of the continent of South America, surrounded by Venezuela at the western end, Suriname at the eastern end and Brazil in the south. And the land area is 215 thousand square kilometers, about half the size of Japan. The majority of the country is covered with tropical rain forests, and plains with a lot of fertile and swampy fields are spreading along the estuary of the river flowing from this tropical rainforest. In particular, most of the population live in the coastal area of the Demerara River estuary where the capital city Georgetown is located. Also, mineral deposits are found in the inland parts of the south, and the southern border is formed of highlands and high mountains. As for the temperature, the annual temperature change is small with the average maximum temperature being 31.8℃ and the average minimum temperature being 26℃ in the data from 1954 to 2016.As for rainfall, there are two rainy seasons in a year, with the rainfall amount increasing from May to July and December to January. In this Project, all sites where equipment and materials are procured and installed are coastal areas.
1-2 SOCIO-ECONOMIC SITUATION At the time of independence from Britain in 1966, Guyana was a socialist state, but later adopted neo- liberal policy. After that, the administration by the People Progressive Party (PPP) continued, but in 2015, "A Partnership for National Unity (APNU) and Alliance for Change" won and they are now responsible for the administration. Main industries are agriculture and manufacturing industry. The export value in 2016 is 1.45 billion USD, in particular, the rice accounts for 12% of the export value, and many workers are engaged. Meanwhile, the import value is 1.62 billion USD. The GDP of Guyana has grown about twice in the past 10 years and the GDP of 2017 has reached 3.7 billion USD. The per capita GDP is 4,800 USD which is classified as lower in the Caribbean. However, in recent years oil fields were discovered in coastal areas of the country, production is expected to start within a few years. Therefore, there is a possibility of achieving rapid economic development in the near future.
The Preparatory Survey for the Project for the Introduction of Renewable Energy and Improvement of Power System in the Co-operative Republic of Guyana
Summary Final Report
2 BACKGROUND AND OVERVIEW OF THE PROJECT Regarding the situation of power supply and power demand in Guyana where the power supply reserve ratio was about 22% in 2014, it can be said that the power supply level is stable, and the electrification ratio reaches a high level of 81%. On the other hand, the problem remains to secure efficient and stable power supply, because the electric power loss ratio has been at a record high over the last five years varying between 30% and 40%. Also, the system average interruption duration and the frequency of power failure are still high. On the other hand, in Guyana, CARICOM (Caribbean Community) head office secretariat has been established, leading the economic development of the Caribbean region. The Japanese Government expressed its support to CARICOM in Trinidad and Tobago in July 2014, and in the energy field, to utilize Japan's technologies and knowledge such as renewable energy to enhance support for the problems they hold. Regarding renewable energy, the introduction of grid interconnection type solar power generation facilities in Guyana is only 8.7 kW on the rooftop of the Guyana Energy Authority. However, CARICOM has set a high goal of raising the renewable energy introduction rate within the region to 48% by 2047 on the basis of equipment capacity. Therefore, the introduction of the equipment in early stage for its demonstration, development of related law, and improvement of operation and maintenance method are desired. Against this backdrop, Japanese government has received a request from Guyana Government for the introduction of GPL’s (Guyana Power and Light) transformer / distribution facility, photovoltaic power generation facility and BEMS (Building Energy Management System) at CARICOM headquarters, and a preparatory survey of this Project was conducted.
3 RESULT OF SURVEY AND OUTLINE OF THE PROJECT
3-1 RESULT OF SURVEY This preparatory survey was conducted during the period from June 2017 to May 2018, during which three field surveys were conducted. The period and purpose of field survey are as follows.
Table 1 The period and purpose of field survey Survey Period Purpose First July 2 to July17 in 2017 Basic survey and decision of outline design planning Second September 23 to October 8 in Description of outline design and Discussion 2017 Third February 27 to March 10 in 2018 Final survey and Description of outline of the Project
The Preparatory Survey for the Project for the Introduction of Renewable Energy and Improvement of Power System in the Co-operative Republic of Guyana Final Report Summary
3-2 OUTLINE OF THE PROJECT The contents of this Project are as follows.
(1) Technical loss reduction for GPL The following objectives are achieved by implementing the components show in Table2. - Enhancing power supply reliability and reducing technical loss by introducing reactive power compensator in the Project target areas. - Enhancing power supply reliability and reducing technical loss by improving distribution network in the Project target areas. Table 2 Contents of Project for GPL Components Area Contents Quantity Introduction of reactive Canefield S/S Introduction of Reactive power 2 set power compensator compensator Improving distribution F2 Onverwagt Procurement of Cosmos wire 133km network Procurement of static power factor 2 set compensator Procurement of automatic power 2 set factor compensator F4 Good Hoop Procurement of Cosmos wire 36km F4 Sophia 27km F1 GOE 97km Vreed-en-Hoop Procurement of pole-mounted 48 set area transformer
(2) Introduction of renewable energy and energy saving system to CARICOM Secretariat building The following objectives are achieved by implementing the components show in Table3. - Renewable energy is supplied to CARICOM Secretariat main building by introducing PV system with battery. - Promote energy saving by introducing BEMS with functions which visualize electricity usage and control air conditioner. Table 3 Contents of Project for CARICOM Components Area Contents Quantity Introduction of PV CARICOM Introduction of PV system with 1 set system Secretariat building battery Introduction of BEMS CARICOM Introduction of BEMS 1 set Secretariat building
The Preparatory Survey for the Project for the Introduction of Renewable Energy and Improvement of Power System in the Co-operative Republic of Guyana
Summary Final Report
3-3 SOFT COMPONENT (TECHINICAL ASSISTANCE)PLAN Aiming to ensure that the technical persons of GPL and CARICOM Secretariat as end user, will be able to conduct proper and continuous operation and maintenance work for the facilities installed by this Project, the Soft component plan is implemented the following contents.
(1) Soft componet (Techinical Assistance) Plan for GPL Since this will be the first time to install a static condenser in Guyana at transmission level, it is aimed to conduct the necessary technical assistance to ensure sustainable operation and maintenance of the equipment by supporting ‘How to patrol and inspect’ and ‘How to deal with abnormalities’.
(2) Soft componet (Techinical Assistance) Plan for CARICOM Since there is very limited expertise (or technical know-how) on operation and maintenance of PV system and BEMS in both Guyana and CARICOM, it is aimed to conduct the necessary technical assistance to ensure effective operation and maintenance of the equi pment. And after commissioning, the PV system is intended to achieve the expected power generation output continuously and without impact toward the distribution power grid. Also, we expect to achieve the targeted energy savings through effective utilization of the BEMS.
4 IMPLEMENTATION SCHEDULE Implementation schedule is as follows.
Table 4 Implementation Schedule
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18
（Field Study in Guyana）
Design （Study in Japan） Total 3.0months （Field Study in Guyana）
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18
（Preparation Work）
（Foundation Work）
【Procurement of Equipment】 Execution/ Procurement （Manufacturing）
（Transportation）
Total 17.5 months （Installation, Test Operation）
Guyana Japan Third Countries
The Preparatory Survey for the Project for the Introduction of Renewable Energy and Improvement of Power System in the Co-operative Republic of Guyana Final Report Summary
5. PROJECT EVALUATION 5-1. Relevance Regarding the validity of the Project, the Project will directly solve the problems of power loss and power supply reliability that GPL has, by installing reactive power compensators and procuring distribution equipment and materials. These components will greatly help to improve GPL’s profitability and reduce CO2 emissions emitted from thermal power plants. Therefore, this Project has high relevance. In addition, this Project will materialize the renewable energy and energy conservation policy of CARICOM by installing a PV system and BEMS. Also, it is highly expected that the PV system and BEMS installed in the CARICOM secretariat building will showcase the technologies to CARICOM member countries and regions. Therefore, these are quite reasonable components.
5-2. Effectiveness (1) Quantitative effects Table 5 Quantitative target values Target value (in 2023) Reference value Index 【3 years after (Actual in 2017) completion of the Project】 Generated energy by PV system ― 654,073 in CARICOM (kWh/year) Power consumption in CARICOM secretariat building 1,338,636 1,266,996 effected by BEMS (kWh/year) Introduction of reactive power 2,021,733 1,131,102 compensators Replacement of wire Technical losses 601,414 425,912 (F4 Good hope, F4 Sophia, F1 GOE) In Canefield Replacement of wire and installation Substation and of power factor compensators in 217,046 88,287 distribution network Onverwagt area (kWh/year) Replacement of pole-mounted 234,624 537 transformers Total 3,074,817 1,645,838
The Preparatory Survey for the Project for the Introduction of Renewable Energy and Improvement of Power System in the Co-operative Republic of Guyana
Summary Final Report
(2) Qualitative effects 1) Mitigation of climate change As mentioned above, both components of CARICOM and GPL have the effect of suppressing CO2 emissions, and it is expected that they will contribute to mitigating climate change factors by reducing greenhouse gas emissions. In addition, it is also expected that the PV system and BEMS at the CARICOM secretariat building will showcase the applied technologies to the CARICOM member countries and regions, and enhance their recognition and motivation for renewable energy and energy conservation.
2) Promotion of economic development Regarding GPL, improving the profitability of GPL will contribute to the reduction of electricity fees, and it is expected that lower electricity rates will stimulate economic activities by reducing domestic life costs and industrial costs. Additionally, updating substation and distribution facilities will help improve the supply reliability and quality of transmission and distribution lines. And, it is expected that the improvement will reduce the impact on industrial activities due to blackouts and voltage drops, and help develop the country's economy. Moreover, using the PV system and BEMS, the CARICOM secretariat will be able to cut expenses by reducing purchased electricity. This makes it possible for the CARICOM secretariat to devote the budget to other measures for revitalizing economic activities.
The Preparatory Survey for the Project for the Introduction of Renewable Energy and Improvement of Power System in the Co-operative Republic of Guyana
Final Report Location Map
Source：Depart of Peacekeeping Operations Cartographic Section
Location Map of Project Sites in the Co-operative Republic of Guyana
- i - The Preparatory Survey for the Project for the Introduction of Renewable Energy and Improvement of Power System in the Co-operative Republic of Guyana Table of Contents / Final Report List of Figure & Tables / Abbreviations
The Preparatory Survey for the Project for the Introduction of Renewable Energy and Improvement of Power System in the Co-operative Republic of Guyana
FINAL REPORT
・Summary ・Location Map ・Table of Contents ・List of Figures/Tables ・Abbreviations
Table of Contents
Chapter 1 Background of the Project 1-1 Background of the Project ...... 1 - 1 1-2 Natural Condisions ...... 1 - 2 1-3 Environmental and Social Considerations ...... 1 - 4
Chapter2 Contents of the Project 2-1 Basic Concept of the Project ...... 2 - 1 2-1-1 Basic Concept of the Project ...... 2 - 1 2-1-2 Overview of the Project ...... 2 - 1 2-1-2-1 Technical loss reduction for GPL ...... 2 - 1 2-1-2-2 Introduction of renewable energy and energy saving system to CARICOM Secretariat building ...... 2 - 1 2-2 Outline Design of the Japanese Assistance ...... 2 - 2 2-2-1 Design Policy ...... 2 - 2
2-2-2 Basic plan for the introduction of reactive power compensator to the Canefield S/S ...... 2 - 8 2-2-3 Basic plan for improvement of distribution network ...... 2 - 29 2-2-4 Basic design for CARICOM Secretariat PV system, with batteries ...... 2 - 35 2-2-5 Basic plan for the BEMS introduction to CARICOM Secretariat ...... 2 - 59
2-3 Outline Design Drawing ...... 2 - 78 2-4 Implementation Plan ...... 2 - 79 2-4-1 Implementation policy ...... 2 - 79 2-4-2 Implementation Conditions ...... 2 - 80 2-4-3 Scope of work ...... 2 - 81 2-4-4 Consultant Supervision ...... 2 - 83 2-4-5 Quality Control Plan ...... 2 - 87 2-4-6 Procurement Plan ...... 2 - 87 2-4-7 Operation Guidance Plan ...... 2 - 89 2-4-8 Soft component(Technial Assistance)Plan ...... 2 - 90 2-4-9 Implementation Scedule ...... 2 - 90
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Table of Contents / List of Figure & Tables / Abbreviations Final Report
2-5 Obligation of the Recipeant Country...... 2 - 92 2-5-1 Before the Tender ...... 2 - 92 2-5-2 During the Project Implementation ...... 2 - 93 2-5-3 After the Project ...... 2 - 94 2-6 Project Operation Plan ...... 2 - 95 2-6-1 Basic Policy for GPL ...... 2 - 95 2-6-1-1 Basic Policy for GPL...... 2 - 95 2-6-1-2 Basic Policy for CARICOM ...... 2 - 95 2-6-2 Management Organization ...... 2 - 95 2-6-2-1 Management Organization of GPL ...... 2 - 95 2-6-2-2 Management Organization of CARICOM ...... 2 - 95 2-7 Project Cost Estimation ...... 2 - 96 2-7-1 Initial Cost Estimation ...... 2 - 96 2-7-1-1 Cost borne by Guyanese Sid ...... 2 - 96 2-7-1-2 Condition of Cost Estimation ...... 2 - 96 2-7-2 Initial Cost Estimation ...... 2 - 97 2-7-2-1 C Burden expenses by GPL (None) ...... 2 - 97 2-7-2-2 Burden expenses by CARICOM (To be finalized after the 3rd mission) 2 - 97
Chapter3 Project Evaluation 3-1 Preconditions ...... 3 - 1 3-2 Necessary Inputs by Recipient Country ...... 3 - 2 3-3 Important Assumptions ...... 3 - 2 3-4 Project Evaluation ...... 3 - 3 3-4-1 Relevance ...... 3 - 3 3-4-2 Effectiveness ...... 3 - 3
The Preparatory Survey for the Project for the Introduction - ii - of Renewable Energy and Improvement of Power System in the Co-operative Republic of Guyana Table of Contents / Final Report List of Figure & Tables / Abbreviations
Appendices
Appendix 1: Member List of the Study Team Appendix 2: Schedule of the Study Appendix 3: List of Parties concerned in the Recipient Country Appendix 4-1: Minutes of Discussion (1st survey) Appendix 4-2: Minutes of Discussion (2nd survey) Appendix 4-3: Minutes of Discussion (3rd survey) Appendix 5: Environmental Check List Appendix 6: Soft Component Plan Appendix 7: Outline design Drawing (Installation of Reactive power compensator at Canefield S/S) Appendix 7-1: Single Line Diagram (Before Construction) Appendix 7-2: Single Line Diagram (After Construction) Appendix 7-3: Plan View Drawing（Before Construction） Appendix 7-4: Plan View Drawing（After Construction） Appendix 7-5: Cross Section Drawing（After Construction） Appendix 8: Outline design Drawing (Improvement of distribution network) Appendix 8-1: Area for procurement of distribution equipment and materials Appendix 8-2: F2 Onverwagt distribution network diagram Appendix 8-3: F2 Onverwagt distribution network block diagram Appendix 8-4: F2 Sophia, F4 Good Hope, F1 GoE distribution network power diagram Appendix 8-5: Position of target pole mounted transformer in Vreed-En Hoop Appendix 9: Outline design Drawing (Installation of PV system to CARICOM Secretariat) Appendix 9-1: Outline of CARICOM Secretariat building Appendix 9-2: Conceptual scheme of single line diagram Appendix 9-3: Ground plan of equipment Appendix 9-4: Conceptual scheme of control system Appendix 9-5: List of electrical materials for PV system Appendix 10: Outline design Drawing (Installation of BEMS to CARICOM Secretariat) Appendix 10-1: System configuration Appendix 10-2: Installation location and route (1)：Grand Floor Appendix 10-3: Installation location and route (2)：First Floor Appendix 10-4: Installation location and route (3)：Plant room Appendix 10-5: Digital Signage Screens
- iii - The Preparatory Survey for the Project for the Introduction of Renewable Energy and Improvement of Power System in the Co-operative Republic of Guyana
Table of Contents / List of Figure & Tables / Abbreviations Final Report
List of Figures
Figure 1.2.1 Annual trend in average monthly precipitation (1886 - 2016) ...... 1 - 3 Figure 1.2.2 Changes in annual precipitation (1886 - 2016) ...... 1 - 3 Figure 1.2.3 Hurricane trajectories (1857 - 2006) ...... 1 - 3
Figure 2.2.1 Annual trend of average monthly precipitation (1886 - 2016) ...... 2 - 3 Figure 2.2.2 Changes in annual precipitation (1886 - 2016) ...... 2 - 4 Figure 2.2.3 Trajectory of Hurricane (1857 - 2006) ...... 2 - 4 Figure 2.2.4 Organization chart of CARICOM ...... 2 - 7 Figure 2.2.5 The locations of substation which GPL is managing ...... 2 - 9 Figure 2.2.6 69 kV power grid diagram in Guyana ...... 2 - 9 Figure 2.2.7 An example of daily load curve in Guyana (Heavy load season (2015.10.28)) ...... 2 - 10 Figure 2.2.8 An example of daily load curve in Guyana (Light load season (2015.6.22)) ...... 2 - 10 Figure 2.2.9 Measured values and monitor values at each substation ...... 2 - 12 Figure 2.2.10 The whole of Canefield S/S ...... 2 - 13 Figure 2.2.11 The appearance and performance specifications of circuit breaker...... 2 - 13 Figure 2.2.12 Diesel generators connected to Canefield S/S ...... 2 - 13 Figure 2.2.13 The image of power grid analysis ...... 2 - 17 Figure 2.2.14 Calculated power flow diagram before installation of reactive power compensator (Heavy load condition and operating 5.5 MW generator ...... 2 - 18 Figure 2.2.15 Calculated power flow diagram after installation of 10 MVar reactive power compensator (Heavy load condition and operating 5.5 MW generator) ..... 2 - 19 Figure 2.2.16 Future power grid plan in Guyana for 2020 (69 kV) ...... 2 - 20 Figure 2.2.17 Calculated power flow diagram assuming 2020 future power grid plan ...... 2 - 23 Figure 2.2.18 Generator phase angle immediately after accident occurrence ...... 2 - 24 Figure 2.2.19 Single line diagram of Onverwagt F2 distribution line (Above: present, below: after improvement) ...... 2 - 30 Figure 2.2.20 Load distribution model of the Onverwagt F2 backbone ...... 2 - 30 Figure 2.2.21 Position of planned three distribution backbone for replacement ...... 2 - 31 Figure 2.2.22 Candidate areas for PV panels ...... 2 - 37 Figure 2.2.23 Assumed monthly Maximum power demand ...... 2 - 38 Figure 2.3.24 Deference of two concept of PV panels installation ...... 2 - 38 Figure 2.2.25 Daily load curve of CARICOM building in June ...... 2 - 39 Figure 2.2.26 The annual position of the sun in Georgetown ...... 2 - 39 Figure 2.2.27 Wholes structure of D/L for CARICOM building ...... 2 - 41 Figure 2.2.28 Simulation model for trunk line ...... 2 - 42 Figure 2.2.29 The simulation model for the branch line including airport ...... 2 - 43 Figure 2.2.30 Result of CALDG (Case 1) ...... 2 - 44 Figure 2.2.31 Result of CALDG (Case 2) ...... 2 - 45 Figure 2.2.32 Result of CALDG (Case 3) ...... 2 - 45 Figure 2.2.33 Result of CALDG (Case 4) ...... 2 - 46 Figure 2.2.34 Result of CALDG (Case 5) ...... 2 - 47 Figure 2.2.35 Result of CALDG (Case 6) ...... 2 - 47 Figure 2.2.36 Appearance of PV system arranged at front yard of CARICOM building ...... 2 - 48 Figure 2.2.37 Layout of PV panels ...... 2 - 50
The Preparatory Survey for the Project for the Introduction - iv - of Renewable Energy and Improvement of Power System in the Co-operative Republic of Guyana Table of Contents / Final Report List of Figure & Tables / Abbreviations Figure 2.2.38 Monthly Load Curve (2017/6) ...... 2 - 61 Figure 2.2.39 Daily Load Curve (2017/6/5) ...... 2 - 61 Figure 2.2.40 Monthly Energy Consumption (2014/1～2017/5) ...... 2 - 64 Figure 2.2.41 Result of TEMP Measuremen (2017/7/12) ...... 2 - 66 Figure 2.2.42 Controller for 30t AC control...... 2 - 69 Figure 2.2.43 Overall image of planned BEMS ...... 2 - 70 Figure 2.4.1 Project Implementation System ...... 2 - 85
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Table of Contents / List of Figure & Tables / Abbreviations Final Report
List of Tables
Table 1.1-1 Main components of the Project requested by the Guyana Government ...... 1 - 2 Table 1.3-1 Results of environmental and social considerations survey ...... 1 - 4 Table 1.3-2 Environmental impact assessment ...... 1 - 9
Table 2.1-1 Contents of project for GPL ...... 2 - 1 Table 2.1-2 Contents of project for CARICOM ...... 2 - 1 Table 2.2-1 Suppliers for Major Equipment and Materials ...... 2 - 6 Table 2.2-2 Assumed future power demand by GPL ...... 2 - 11 Table 2.2-3 Actual primary / secondary voltage at each substation ...... 2 - 12 Table 2.2-4 Overview of reactive power compensator (Static condenser) ...... 2 - 14 Table 2.2-5 Overview of reactive power compensator (STATCOM)...... 2 - 15 Table 2.2-6 Allowable voltage fluctuation range in fault conditions ...... 2 - 16 Table 2.2-7 The data used for power grid analysis ...... 2 - 16 Table 2.2-8 The conditions of power grid analysis ...... 2 - 17 Table 2.2-9 The result of power grid analysis (Primary voltage in Canefield S/S before installation of reactive power compensator) 2 - 18 Table 2.2-10 The result of power grid analysis ...... 2 - 19 Table 2.2-11 Installation plan for power generators (~ 2020) ...... 2 - 21 Table 2.2-12 Installation plan for substations (~ 2020) ...... 2 - 21 Table 2.2-13 Double circuit plan for transmission lines (~ 2020)) ...... 2 - 21 Table 2.2-14 Installation plan for reactive power compensators (~ 2020) ...... 2 - 22 Table 2.2-15 Power grid analysis conditions (Common) ...... 2 - 22 Table 2.2-16 Results of power flow calculation assuming output fluctuation of renewable energy .. 2 - 25 Table 2.2-17 Major equipment and materials for installing static condenser ...... 2 - 27 Table 2.2-18 69 kV Specification of Static Condenser ...... 2 - 28 Table 2.2-19 Specifications of 69 kV Circuit Breaker ...... 2 - 28 Table 2.2-20 69 kV Disconnecting Switch ...... 2 - 28 Table 2.2-21 Specifications of 69kV Current Transformer ...... 2 - 28 Table 2.2-22 Specifications of 60kV Lightning Arrester ...... 2 - 29 Table 2.2-23 Specifications of Panels ...... 2 - 29 Table 2.2-24 Maximum current of distribution feeder at 2017 ...... 2 - 29 Table 2.2-25 Result of the effect assumption of the improvement plan for Onverwagt F2 distribution line ...... 2 - 31 Table 2.2-26 Estimation of loss reduction in planned three distribution backbone for replacement . 2 - 32 Table 2.2-27 Efficiency Comparison of SWER and Ordinary Type Transformers ...... 2 - 32 Table 2.2-28 Design parameter for MV distribution equipment ...... 2 - 33 Table 2.2-29 Design parameter for LV distribution equipment ...... 2 - 33 Table 2.2-30 Grounding system ...... 2 - 33 Table 2.2-31 Voltage variation ...... 2 - 34 Table 2.2-32 The specification of the power factor controller ...... 2 - 34 Table 2.2-33 Specification of electric wire ...... 2 - 34 Table 2.2-34 Specification of pole mounted transformer ...... 2 - 35 Table 2.2-35 List of main equipment concerning improvement of distribution network ...... 2 - 35 Table 2.2-36 The list of request from CARICOM ...... 2 - 36 Table 2.2-37 Solar radiation data of Georgetown ...... 2 - 40 Table 2.2-38 Assumed monthly output of PV system（kWh） ...... 2 - 41
The Preparatory Survey for the Project for the Introduction - vi - of Renewable Energy and Improvement of Power System in the Co-operative Republic of Guyana Table of Contents / Final Report List of Figure & Tables / Abbreviations Table 2.2-39 Basic configuration for CALDG...... 2 - 42 Table 2.2-40 Conductor specification and the parametert ...... 2 - 43 Table 2.2-41 Simulation patterns ...... 2 - 43 Table 2.2-42 Evaluation value of voltage ...... 2 - 44 Table 2.2-43 Simulation result ( Case 1) ...... 2 - 44 Table 2.2-44 Simulation result (Case 2) ...... 2 - 45 Table 2.2-45 Simulation Result (Case 3) ...... 2 - 45 Table 2.2-46 Simulation Result (Case 4) ...... 2 - 46 Table 2.2-47 Case 5 and 6 (5, 6) ...... 2 - 46 Table 2.2-48 Simulation Result (Case 5) ...... 2 - 47 Table 2.2-49 Simulation Result (Case 6) ...... 2 - 47 Table 2.2-50 Main equipment and materials for PV system ...... 2 - 51 Table 2.2-51 Specification of PV panels ...... 2 - 52 Table 2.2-52 Specification of power conditioner ...... 2 - 53 Table 2.2-53 Specification of storage battery ...... 2 - 53 Table 2.2-54 Specification of LVDB ...... 2 - 54 Table 2.2-55 Specification of connection box ...... 2 - 54 Table 2.2-56 Specification of collecting box ...... 2 - 54 Table 2.2-57 Specification of boost transformer ...... 2 - 55 Table 2.2-58 Specification of PV panel’s frame ...... 2 - 55 Table 2.2-59 Specification of measurement equipment ...... 2 - 56 Table 2.2-60 Specification of wiring materials ...... 2 - 57 Table 2.2-61 Specification of underground materials ...... 2 - 58 Table 2.2-62 Outline of the CARICOM Secretariat building ...... 2 - 60 Table 2.2-63 Detailed load profile (2017/7/11) ...... 2 - 62 Table 2.2-64 Progress status of the energy conservation program...... 2 - 63 Table 2.2-65 Selection Result of Measuring Points ...... 2 - 65 Table 2.2-66 Visualization and Analysis Functions of BEMS ...... 2 - 67 Table 2.2-67 Specification outline of 30t AC Unit ...... 2 - 68 Table 2.2-68 Main equipment list for BEMS ...... 2 - 71 Table 2.2-69 Specification of BEMS server ...... 2 - 72 Table 2.2-70 Specification of Desktop PC ...... 2 - 73 Table 2.2-71 Specification of Digital Signage Display ...... 2 - 73 Table 2.2-72 Specification of Climate measuring panel ...... 2 - 73 Table 2.2-73 Specification of Outdoor climate measuring panel ...... 2 - 74 Table 2.2-74 Specification of Climate data transducer panel ...... 2 - 74 Table 2.2-75 Specification of Climate data collection panel ...... 2 - 75 Table 2.2-76 Specification of Electric power measuring panel ...... 2 - 75 Table 2.2-77 Specification of Electric power data collection panel ...... 2 - 76 Table 2.2-78 Specification of AC control panel ...... 2 - 77 Table 2.2-79 Specification of Materials for cable works ...... 2 - 78 Table 2.3-1 Outline Design Drawing ...... 2 - 78 Table 2.4-1 The detailed work demarcation between the Japanese side and the Guyana side ...... 2 - 81 Table 2.4-2 Engineers Dispatched by Equipment Supplier ...... 2 - 86 Table 2.4-3 Transportation Plan ...... 2 - 87 Table 2.4-4 Target audience ...... 2 - 89 Table 2.4-5 Contents of operation and maintenance training course ...... 2 - 90 Table 2.4-6 Implementation Schedule ...... 2 - 91
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Table 2.5-1 Items to be borne by recipient country side before the Tender ...... 2 - 92 Table 2.5-2 Items to be borne by recipient country side during the Project Implementation ...... 2 - 93 Table 2.5-3 Items to be borne by recipient country side after the Project ...... 2 - 94 Table 3.4-1 Quantitative target value ...... 3 - 4
The Preparatory Survey for the Project for the Introduction - viii - of Renewable Energy and Improvement of Power System in the Co-operative Republic of Guyana Table of Contents / Final Report List of Figure & Tables / Abbreviations Abbreviations Symbol English A/P Authorization to Pay AAC All Aluminum Conductor AF Ampere Frame AMI Advanced Metering Infrastructure ANSI American National Standards Institute APNU A Partnership for National Unity ASTM American Society for Testing and Materials AT Ampere Trip B/L Bill of Lading BEEP Building Energy Efficiency Project BEMS Building Energy Management System BOD Biochemical Oxygen Demand CALDG Comprehensive Analysis Tool of Power Distribution System CARICOM Caribbean Community CCS Caribbean Community Secretariat CCSI Climate Change Solutions International COD Chemical Oxygen Demand CT Current Transformer CV Cross-linked polyethylene insulated vinyl sheath cable DAC Development Assistance Committee DAEP Development And Expansion Program DL Double Layer insulate Polyvinyl chloride insulated drop service wires DO Dissolved Oxygen E/N Exchange of Notes EIA Environmental Impact Assessment EMP Environmental Management Plan EPA Environmental Protection Agency FIT Feed-in Tariff G/A Grant Agreement GDP Gross Domestic Product GEA Guyana Energy Agency GFC Guyana Forestry Commission GGB Guyana Gold Board GGMC Guyana Geology and Mines Commission GLSC Guyana Lands and Surveys Commission GNBS Guyana National Bureau of Standards GPL Guyana Power and Light GYD Guyana dollar HD High Definition HDMI High-Definition Multimedia Interface HFO Hevy Fuel Oil IDB Inter-American Development Bank
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Table of Contents / List of Figure & Tables / Abbreviations Final Report
Symbol English IEC International Electro technical Commission IMF International Monetary Fund IPP Independent Power Producer ISO International Organization for Standardization IV Polyvinyl Chloride Insulated Wire JCS Japanese Cable Makers' Association Standard JEC Japanese Electro technical Committee JEM Japan Electrical Manufacturers Association Standard JIS Japanese Industrial Standards LTE Long Term Evolution MCCB Molded Case Circuit Breaker MoF Ministry of Finance MoFA Ministry of Foreign Affairs MoPI Ministry of Public Infrastructure NDC Neighborhood Democratic Council NEMA National Electrical Manufacturers Association NGO Non-Government Organization O&M Operation and Maintenance ONU Optical Network Unit P/S Power Station PLC Programmable logic controller PNC People's National Convention PPP Progressive People's Party PV Photovoltaic RAID Redundant Arrays of Inexpensive Disks REETA The Renewable and Energy Efficiency Technical Assistance RPS Renewables Portfolio Standard S/S Substation SAIDI System Average Interruption Duration Index SAIFI System Average Interruption Frequency Index SCADA Supervisory Control And Data Acquisition SHM Stakeholder Meeting SHS Solar Home System STATCOM Static synchronous Compensator STC Standard Test Condition SWER Single Wire Earth Returning TOR Terms of Reference TSP Total Suspended Particulate TSS Total Suspended Solids UAEP Unserved Areas Electrification Program VPN Virtual Private Network WB World Bank WHO World Health Organization
The Preparatory Survey for the Project for the Introduction - x - of Renewable Energy and Improvement of Power System in the Co-operative Republic of Guyana Chapter 1 Final Report Background of the Project
CHAPTER 1
BACKGROUND OF THE PROJECT
1 The Preparatory Survey for the Project for the Introduction of Renewable Energy and Improvement of Power System in the Co-operative Republic of Guyana
Chapter 1 Final Report Background of the project
CHAPTER 1 BACKGROUND OF THE PROJECT
1-1 BACKGROUND OF THE PROJECT Guyana Power and Light Inc. (GPL) had been struggling with voltage drops and technical losses in transmission and distribution equipment for many years. On the other hand, the Caribbean Community (CARICOM), which is located in Georgetown, Guyana, was facing challenges associated with introducing renewable energy to member countries and regions. Based on those backgrounds, the Government of Guyana officially requested Grant Aid of the Japanese Government to update GPL’s transmission and distribution equipment, and to introduce a photovoltaic power generation (PV) system with batteries and a Building Energy Management System (BEMS) in CARICOM’s secretariat building. In response to the request from the Government of Guyana, the Japan International Cooperation Agency (JICA) decided to send a study team to Guyana to conduct a preparatory survey and to confirm components requested by the Guyana side and the validity thereof as a Grant project. The requested components confirmed at the 1st and 2nd site surveys are shown in Table1.1-1. As for GPL, the requested components -- reactive power compensator, wire, power factor compensator and pole-mounted transformers -- are surely effective equipment and materials for improving voltage drop reducing and technical losses. As for CARICOM, the PV system will contribute directly to achieving the goal of raising the renewable energy rate to 48% by 2047 in CARICOM member countries and regions. In addition, the PV system and BEMS will enhance awareness of renewable energy and energy conservation amongst the member countries and regions by demonstrating the technology.
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Table 1.1-1 Main components of the Project requested by the Guyana Government Requestor Component Area Content Quantity GPL Introduction of reactive Canefield S/S Introduction of a reactive 2 sets power compensator power compensator Improving distribution F2 Onverwagt Procurement of Cosmos 133 km network wire Procurement of static power 2 units factor compensator Procurement of automatic 2 units power factor compensator F4 Good Hoop Procurement of Cosmos 36 km F4 Sophia wire 27 km F1 GOE 97 km Vreed-En-Hoop area Procurement of pole- 48 units mounted transformer CARICOM Introduction of PV CARICOM Introduction of PV system 1 set system secretariat building with batteries Introduction of BEMS CARICOM Introduction of BEMS 1 set secretariat building
1-2 NATURAL CONDITIONS
(1) Temperature and Rainfall As for the temperature, the annual temperature change is small with the average maximum temperature being 31.8℃ and the average minimum temperature being 26℃ in the data from 1954 to 2016. As for rainfall, there are two rainy seasons in a year as shown in Fig. 1.2.1, with the rainfall amount increasing from May to July and December to January. According to the interviews with CARICOM personnel, as shown in Fig. 1.2.2, there was a flood with the water level as high as one’s knee (30 cm) in some parts of the city in 2005.
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Source：Guyana Ministry of Agriculture（HS-MOA） Fig. 1.2.1 Annual trend in average monthly precipitation (1886 - 2016)
Source：Guyana Ministry of Agriculture（HS-MOA） Fig. 1.2.2 Changes in annual precipitation (1886 - 2016)
(2) Wind and Hurricanes Regarding wind conditions, the annual average wind speed is approx. 3 to 4 m/s, as shown in Fig. 1.2.3, but it is assumed that hurricanes do not strike Guyana.
Source：NASA Earth Observatory Figure 1.2.3 Hurricane trajectories (1857 - 2006)
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(3) Humidity Regarding humidity, the annual average humidity is high at 90.5% throughout the year.
(4) Lightning There was no statistical information on lightning in Guyana. However, through interviews at the site, it was confirmed there was no particular concern about the impact of lightning.
1-3 ENVIRONMENTAL AND SOCIAL CONSIDERATIONS
(1) Results of Environmental and Social Considerations Survey The results of the environmental and social considerations survey that was conducted according to the scoping are outlined in Table 1.3-1.
Table 1.3-1 Results of environmental and social considerations survey
Items Survey results Air pollution 【Site reconnaissance】
Canefield Substation There would be no impact of dust on surrounding residents by foundation work, because the scale of work is small, and the Canefield substation and settlement are separated by a distance and there are no houses around. There is a possibility that construction vehicles could cause dust to rise, because the road in front of the Canefield substation is not paved. It is assumed that there would be little impact on the surrounding residents by temporary construction traffic. However, it is necessary to show some considerations such as setting a speed limit for construction vehicles.
Road to the Canefield Substation
The Preparatory Survey for the Project for the Introduction 1 - 4 of Renewable Energy and Improvement of Power System in the Co-operative Republic of Guyana Chapter 1 Final Report Background of the project
Items Survey results Air pollution CARICOM Secretariat There would be no impact of dust on surrounding residents by foundation work, because the CARICOM Secretariat and the residential area on the eastern side are separated by waterways.
Residential area on the eastern side of the CARICOM Secretariat
Onverwagt There would be little impact on air quality, because construction work on the new distribution line is small in scale. However, there are populated area and markets along the proposed route, therefore it is necessary to show considerations such as explaining the construction schedule to the residents along the roadside in advance.
Road situation in Onverwagt Village
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Items Survey results Air pollution 【TSP Measurement】 TSP measurement was carried out from August 3rd to October2nd. Because Guyana does not have an environmental standard for air quality, that of the WHO was used. Measurement Results Site TSP WHO (1999) （µg/m3） Onverwagt 0 – 110 120 µg/m3 24-hour average Canefield S/S 0 – 29 CARICOM 0 – 109 There was no point beyond the standard of the WHO. Noise/ 【Site reconnaissance】 Vibrations Canefield Substation There would be no impact from noise and vibrations on surrounding residents by foundation work, because the scale of work is small, and the Canefield substation and settlement are separated by a distance and there are no houses around. There is a possibility that construction vehicles could cause noise and vibrations, but it is assumed that there would be little impact on the surrounding residents by temporary construction traffic. However, it is necessary to show considerations such as setting a speed limit for construction vehicles.
CARICOM Secretariat There would be no impact from noise and vibrations on surrounding residents by foundation work, because the CARICOM Secretariat and the residential area on the eastern side are separated by waterways.
Onverwagt It is necessary to show considerations such as setting a speed limit for transport vehicles when they pass through populated area and markets so as not to impact on surrounding residents.
【Noise Measurement】 Noise measurement was carried out from August 3rd to October2nd. Measurement Results Site Noise Residential (dB(A)) (dB(A)) Onverwagt 47.9 – 67.3 Day time: 75 Canefield S/S 58.2 – 70.5 CARICOM 50.4 – 64.3 - There was no point beyond the standard of Guyana.
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Items Survey results Land The road situation along the construction route of the new distribution line was acquisition/ confirmed from December 27th to 28th, targeting populated areas (Onverwagt, Bush Resettlement Lot, Fort Wellington, Waterloo Village, etc.). There are buildings close to the road, but no building is located within the installation range of the distribution line.
Road situation in Bush Lot Village Existing Canefield Substation Social Transport vehicles will take the main road when carrying in reactive power Infrastructure compensators from New Amsterdam port to the Canefield substation. There would and Social be little impact on traffic, because the road width is wide and the traffic volume is Service not large. However, it is desirable to arrange traffic guards in order to prevent the (including occurrence of the traffic congestion and accidents. Traffic)
CARICOM Secretariat Transport vehicles will take Railway Embankment Road, which is the main road, when carrying in solar panels. There would be little impact on traffic, because the road width is wide and the traffic volume is not large. However, it is desirable to arrange traffic guards in order to prevent the occurrence of the traffic congestion and accidents.
Onverwagt New construction work for the distribution lines will be carried out on the roadside. Therefore, it is necessary to show considerations so as not to interfere with hospitals, shops, markets, etc. when parking transport vehicles. Working In accordance with the Occupational Safety and Health Handbook, GPL strives to Conditions ensure worker safety and to prevent fire. (including Work Safety) Accident See the column on Existing Social Infrastructure and Social Service, and Working Conditions.
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Items Survey results Stakeholder SHMs were held on November 29th, 2017 and January 9th, 2018 for the construction Consultation of the new distribution lines. (SHM) All participants agreed to the Project. Main opinions - Concern about fluctuation in electricity rates due to project implementation - Concern about blackouts during construction - Concern about decay due to salt damage of equipment (electric wire, etc.) - Request for employment of local residents - Request for electricity distribution in non-electrified areas
SHM on November 29th, 2017
SHM on January 9th, 2018
Source: JICA Study Team
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(1) Environmental Impact Assessment The potential impact of the Project was assessed based on the result of the environmental and social consideration survey (Table 1.3-2). An environmental checklist is attached in Appendix 5.
Table 1.3-2 Environmental impact assessment Scoping Evaluation No. Impact Item Constr Operati Constr Operat Evaluation Reason uction on uction ion 1 Air Pollution B- D B- N/A Under Construction: There is possibility that dust may occur due to the operation of heavy machinery and vehicles. But, there should be little impact on air quality, because the construction work is temporary and small in scale, and residential areas are not near the work sites. 2 Water Quality D D N/A N/A
3 Wastes D D N/A N/A 4 Soil D D N/A N/A 5 Noise/Vibrations B- D B- N/A Under Construction: There is a possibility that noise/vibrations may occur due to the operation of
Pollution Control heavy machinery and vehicles. But, there should be little impact on air quality, because the construction work is temporary and small in scale, and residential areas are not near the work sites. 6 Ground Subsidence D D N/A N/A 7 Odor D D N/A N/A 8 Bottom Sediment D D N/A N/A
9 Protected Area D D N/A N/A 10 Ecosystem D D N/A N/A 11 Hydrology D D N/A N/A
Natural Natural
Environment 12 Topography / Geography D D N/A N/A 13 Land Acquisition / C- D D N/A Under Planning: Land acquisition and resettlement Resettlement are not required, because there are no houses or buildings in the areas where poles will be erected. 14 Poverty Group D D N/A N/A 15 Ethnic Minority / D D N/A N/A Indigenous People
16 Local Economy D D N/A N/A (Employment and Livelihood, etc.) 17 Land Use / Use of D D N/A N/A
Social Environment Regional Resource 18 Water Use D D N/A N/A 19 Existing Social B- D B- N/A Under Construction: There should be little impact Infrastructure, Social on the passage of general vehicles by construction Service vehicles. (including Traffic)
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Scoping Evaluation No. Impact Item Constr Operati Constr Operat Evaluation Reason uction on uction ion 20 Social Capital / Local D D N/A N/A Social Organization of Decision-making 21 Uneven distribution of D D N/A N/A benefits and damage 22 Conflict of Interest in the D D N/A N/A Region 23 Cultural Heritage D D N/A N/A 24 Landscape D D N/A N/A 25 Gender D D N/A N/A 26 Children’s Rights D D N/A N/A 27 Infections (HIV/AIDS, D D N/A N/A etc.) 28 Working Condition B- D B- N/A Under Construction: It is necessary to have workers thoroughly implement safety measures in order to prevent accidents during work. 29 Accidents B- D B- N/A Under Construction: It is necessary to show considerations so as not to cause traffic accidents.
Others 30 Impact across the Border, D D N/A N/A Climate Change A+/-: A significant positive/negative impact is expected. B+/-: A positive/negative impact is expected to some extent. C+/-: The extent of positive/negative impact is unknown. (Further examination is needed and the impact could be clarified as the study progresses.) D: No impact is expected. Source: JICA Study Team
(1) Category Clarification in JICA Guidelines for Environmental and Social Considerations The category classification of the Project started as B according to JICA Guidelines for Environmental and Social Consideration, however the category classification was judged as C since it was confirmed that there would be little impact on the environment based on the results of the environmental survey.
It was confirmed that there is a possibility the Project may cause air pollution, noise/vibrations, etc., however the impact should be very limited.
As a result of the route survey for the new distribution lines, land acquisition, resettlement and any compensation are not required.
As a result of consultation on the Project with the EPA in Guyana, it is assumed that an EIA is not required, because there should not be any serious impact on the environment by the Project. However, it is necessary to submit an environmental application. This procedure will be implemented by GEA.
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CHAPTER 2
CONTENTS OF THE PROJECT
1 The Preparatory Survey for the Project for the Introduction of Renewable Energy and Improvement of Power System in the Co-operative Republic of Guyana
Chapter 2 Final Report Contents of the Project
CHAPTER 2 CONTENTS OF THE PROJECT
2-1 BASIC CONCEPT OF THE PROJECT
2-1-1 Basic Concept of the Project The objective of the Project is to improve efficiency of the power system by enhancing substation equipment and distribution lines in the City of Georgetown and the surrounding areas, as well as installing and demonstrating a PV system and energy management system at the headquarters of CARICOM, thereby contributing to economic development in Guyana.
2-1-2 Overview of the Project The contents of this project are as follows.
2-1-2-1 Technical loss reduction for GPL
- Enhancing power supply reliability and reducing technical loss by introducing reactive power compensator in the project target areas. - Enhancing power supply reliability and reducing technical loss by improving distribution network in the project target areas.
Table 2.1-1 Contents of project for GPL Components Area Contents Quantity Introduction of reactive Canefield S/S Introduction of Reactive power 2 set power compensator compensator Improving distribution F2 Onverwagt Procurement of Cosmos wire 133km network Procurement of static power 2 set factor compensator Procurement of automatic power 2 set factor compensator F4 Good Hoop Procurement of Cosmos wire 36km F4 Sophia 27km F1 GOE 97km Vreed-en-Hoop Procurement of pole-mounted 48 set area transformer Source：JICA Study Team
2-1-2-2 Introduction of renewable energy and energy saving system to CARICOM Secretariat building
- Renewable energy is supplied to CARICOM Secretariat main building by introducing PV system with battery. - Promote energy saving by introducing BEMS with functions which visualize electricity usage and control air conditioner.
Table 2.1-2 Contents of project for CARICOM Components Area Contents Quantity Introduction of PV CARICOM Introduction of PV system with 1 set system Secretariat building battery Introduction of BEMS CARICOM Introduction of BEMS 1 set Secretariat building Source：JICA Study Team
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2-2 OUTLINE DESIGN OF THE JAPANESE ASSISTANCE
2-2-1 Design Policy
(1) Basic Policy 1) Design policies for GPL side components As a basic policy for GPL, the scope of the Japanese assistance project shall be transformer / distribution and transmission equipment aimed at reducing technical loss. For selection of sites and equipment, the degree of contribution to the reduction of technical loss should be set as a basic criterion and the sites and the equipment should be selected while aligning with other needs of the GPL. The target sites and equipment of this project are as follows.
- The introduction of reactive power compensator to the Canefield S/S - The procurement of materials and equipment for improvement of distribution networks at Onverwagt, Good Hope, Sophia and GOE.
As for the reactive power compensator to be installed at Canefield Substation, procurement, installation and construction works are included in the project because of safety considerations for the construction workers and the high level of skills required for the installation. While for the distribution equipment and materials, only procurement is included in the project because of the security situation of the sites that are scattered in urban areas. Therefore, the installation and construction will be borne by the GPL side. In addition, the IDB has been supporting the GPL for upgrading power distribution equipment, therefore synergetic effect is expected to be obtained through precisely clarifying each responsibility between JICA and the IDB.
2) Design policies for CARICOM side components The CARICOM Secretariat has been implementing countermeasures to enhance the usage of renewable energy technologies and energy efficiency applications. The transition to sustainable energy use within the Secretariat Headquarters has been prioritized, as demonstrated by the investment of human and financial resources into the establishment of a project, the CARICOM Building Energy Efficiency Project (CARICOM BEEP), that seeks to identify appropriate solutions – including funding – for which the recovery of the initial investment (commonly referred to as “payback”) can be achieved within 4 years. Therefore, installation of a solar photovoltaic (PV) system for renewable power generation and the installation of an advanced Building Energy Management System (BEMS) for improving the efficiency with which energy-use is managed are among the high priority options.
The Deputy Secretary General of CARICOM Secretariat requested that the JICA Study team should design the project [PV system and BEMS] in such a way that the CARICOM Secretariat Headquarters is as close to independence, as possible, from the GPL power grid. The JICA Study team, in consultation with the Technical Team from the CARICOM Secretariat, decided to utilize the PV system, with storage battery, to maximize the power supplied to meet the demand of the Secretariat Headquarters whilst simultaneously managing the efficiency with which energy is used (and reducing the power demand) by utilizing the advanced BEMS, with air conditioner controls.
The project, when implemented, will demonstrate the CARICOM Secretariat Headquarters as a model for high-performance with respect to sustainable energy use within buildings. The project will also highlight the efforts of the Secretariat to become eco-efficient (and improving its
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operating costs) by becoming less dependent on a fossil fuel based energy supply – the GPL grid.
The basic design concepts for the PV system and BEMS are mentioned below:
a) PV System with battery ・The basic capacity of PV panels are 400 kWp and over ・The basic capacity of batteries are equal or more than 150 kWh; the main purpose of installing the batteries are to absorb the voltage fluctuation for the system. ・The PV panels will be set up at the northern field of CARICOM main building with mix of ground-mounted type and carport-mounted type.
b) BEMS ・Appropriate system size will be determined, with consideration given to the scale of the Secretariat Headquarters which has floor space exceeding 6,000 m2. ・The number of measuring points will be determined through an actual field investigation, because that number heavily depends on the type (and size) of energy producing and consuming equipment that are installed within the building. ・Equipment control functions will also be determined through the field investigation, because of the same reason. ・To maintain the proper operation of the system, some operational support from Japan will be necessary and remote maintenance options will be considered.
(2) Measures against policy on natural environmental conditions 1) Temperature · rain · humidity · wind condition As for the temperature, the annual temperature change is small, and the average maximum temperature is 31.8℃ and the average minimum temperature is 26℃ in the data from 1954 to 2016. Regarding humidity, the annual average humidity is high at 90.5% throughout the year. As for rainfall, there are two rainy seasons in a year as shown in Figure 2.2.1, and rainfall amount increases from May to July and December to January. According to the interviews with CARICOM Secretariat personnel, as shown in Figure 2.2.2, there was a flood with water level as high as 30 cm in some parts of the city in 2005. Therefore, it is necessary to prevent flood damage, by securing the ground clearance for equipment installed on the ground.
Source：Guyana Ministry of Agriculture（HS-MOA） Figure 2.2.1 Annual trend of average monthly precipitation (1886 - 2016)
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Source：Guyana Ministry of Agriculture（HS-MOA） Figure 2.2.2 Changes in annual precipitation (1886 - 2016)
Regarding wind conditions, the annual average wind speed is approx. 3 to 4 m/s, as shown in Figure 2.2.3. There is no history (or threat) of tropical storms or hurricanes for Guyana and, therefore, the design wind speed shall be 30 m/s, which is equivalent to non-typhoon-affected areas in Japan.
Source：NASA Earth Observatory Figure 2.2.3 Trajectory of Hurricane (1857 - 2006)
2) Measures against lightning There was no statistical information on the incidences of lightning in Guyana. However, through interviews at the site, it was confirmed there was no particular concern about the impact of lightning. Therefore, the basic policy is to apply the regular Japanese lightning protection measures.
3) Measures against earthquakes There is no history (or threat) of large-scale earthquakes within Guyana. (Horizontal load with earthquake is not considered.)
4) Measures against salt damage The project will be implemented in an urban area, which is located along the coast. In the case of the GPL component, the transmission and distribution facilities are concentrated within a coastal area. For the CARICOM Secretariat component, the building is less than 400 m away from the coast. It is therefore necessary for the project design to consider measures against salt damage, to include the use of corrosion-resistant materials and other saline-resilient measures.
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(3) Policy on socio-economic conditions 1) Policy for GPL Regarding distribution equipment, it is planned that GPL will construct a new distribution line using some of the materials provided. Land acquisition and resettlement of residents are not needed, because the implementation of the project is within existing facilities for which right- of-way already exists.
2) Policy for CARICOM PV system and BEMS to be installed in this project are expected to have a show-window effect for Japanese technology, not only for Member countries of CARICOM but also for key stakeholders and decision-makers from third states and institutions, visiting the CARICOM Secretariat Headquarters. It is also expected to build awareness and knowledge, within Guyana, on the potential applications for renewable energy and energy efficiency technologies within buildings. It is, therefore, necessary to design with consideration for the aforementioned and it is expected that the carport-mounted PV panels can be a key visibility feature.
(4) Policy on construction and procurement The main industries of Guyana are agriculture, mining and fishery, and major trading partners are the United States, Canada, and Republic of Trinidad and Tobago. 1) Construction Most of the building materials are imported from abroad, especially the Republic of Trinidad and Tobago, and the Republic of Suriname. The engineering design of the CARICOM Secretariat Headquarters was done by a company from the Republic of Trinidad and Tobago. Regarding the installation of the reactive power compensator, approval from the Canefield Neighborhood Democratic Council (NDC) is required before construction starts. The Consultant shall submit the layout diagram and the elevation to the GPL in AutoCAD, and GPL staff shall, thereafter, apply to the NDC for the necessary permissions. The relevant laws and guidelines that need to be complied with are as follows.
- GPL National Grid Code - GPL Safety Hand book - 2016 Edition - GPL-TAD 005 - Procedure for Request for Isolation for planned outages - GPL-SCE-013 - Procedure for Maintenance on 69 kV Substation Yard (details are relevant to works)
2) Procurement The country’s suppliers of the major equipment and materials for this project are shown in Table 2.2-1. With respect to the procurement of the distribution equipment, there could be increases in the project cost if the suppliers are Japanese as GPL's material specifications differ from that of Japan. Therefore, it is recommended to partially accept third-country procurement from the viewpoint of cost effectiveness. Additionally, the metalworking products (frames, bolts, nuts, etc.), for construction, are not manufactured in Guyana and are usually imported from other countries. As a cost reduction strategy, it is necessary to import these items from countries that are in close proximity to Guyana and it is likely that some items for this project will be procured in neighboring countries (such as Suriname, and Trinidad and Tobago). It is expected that some materials, such as a concrete, can be procured locally. In all instances, significant attention will be paid to the quality of the materials used for the project, ensuring that they adhere to international standards.
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Table 2.2-1 Suppliers for Major Equipment and Materials No. Equipment Local Japan Third-country 1）GPL 1 Reactive power compensator ○ 2 Cosmos wire ○ 3 Power factor compensator ○ 4 Pole mounted transformer ○ 2）CARICOM 1 PV system complete set ○ 2 BEMS complete set ○ Source：JICA Study Team
(5) Policy on utilization of local contractors As a result of the survey conducted by the JICA Study Team, it was confirmed that local contractors have construction capability for both reactive power compensator installed in the substation of the GPL, and aspects of the PV system and BEMS installed at CARICOM headquarters. Where local contractors cannot be sourced, to save costs, contractors from neighboring countries of CARICOM (such as Suriname, and Trinidad and Tobago) will be considered. On the basis of the aforementioned, we assume that we shall utilize Japanese specialists to supervise construction work and guidance for initial training and we shall use Guyanese contractors to implement other works and installation work (such as civil works and aspects of the systems installation, etc.). Hiring Guyanese workers will contribute to the economy of Guyana, and to a reduction in the overall implementation cost for the project.
(6) Policy regarding the operational and maintenance ability of the executing agencies The executing agency of this project is the Guyana Energy Agency (GEA), but the actual operation and maintenance of the facilities will be carried out by the end user, GPL and the CARICOM Secretariat.
1) GPL The GPL is an organization that has been maintaining and managing power generator, transmission and distribution facilities in Guyana, and has sufficient experience in using either the same or similar distribution facilities to be procured in the project. Therefore, there is no problem on technical skills and maintenance abilities. Reactive power compensator installed at substation is to be introduced to GPL for the first time, but it is planned to install one that is very easy to maintain. So, there is no problem with the GPL that has the ability acquire the requested skills, through training, to operate and maintain substation equipment in general. In addition, the operation and maintenance staffs responding to the scale of the facilities are permanently stationed at substations and maintenance base of each site. GPL therefore has the capacity to operate and maintain the systems.
2) CARICOM Secretariat An organization chart of the CARICOM Secretariat is shown as Figure 2.2.4. The Secretariat recently established an “Energy Board", which is responsible for the sustainable energy project within the Headquarters building and is responsible for strategic planning and management in regard to the implementation of the PV system and BEMS. This will complement the existing
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Facilities Management Team, within the organization, which is responsible for the day-to-day management, operation and maintenance of the premises, including its various systems and equipment, and which will have direct responsibility for the O&M of the PV system and BEMS. The Facilities Management Team is part of the Administrative Services Unit (ASU) within the Office of the Deputy Secretary General and, currently consist of one administrator, as well as several (senior and junior) technicians, with engineering and other expertize. The Team routinely perform preventative maintenance and repairs to the building and the equipment therein, to include electrical repairs, wiring, etc. During the project, the Facilities Management Team will be actively engaged in aspects of the installation of the PV system and the BEMS, and will receive training (along with the requisite manuals) that will allow them to effectively operate and maintain the systems. Operation and maintenance of the solar PV and battery system is standard and is not expected to pose a challenge to the Secretariat Team. In regard to the BEMS, the Team will benefit from remote support from Japan, through an operation and maintenance contract with a qualified service provider.
Source：JICA Study team Figure 2.2.4 Organization chart of CARICOM
(7)Scope of Facilities and Equipment, Grade Setting 1) GPL The design of the substation equipment to be constructed and procured in this project is based on the existing equipment configuration "GUYANA POWER AND LIGHT INCORPORATED Planning Code in Guyana", and equipment which is able to be operated and managed by GPL shall be adopted. Regarding procurement of distribution equipment, distribution equipment specification that is based on Guyana's standard is to be adopted. The scope of procurement is for the main equipment only; i.e. Power factor compensator, Medium voltage wire, and Pole-mounted transformer.
2) CARICOM Secretariat In Guyana, there is little experience with the implementation of solar PV system, especially of this scale, and, consequently, technical standards for same are mostly absent. Also, this project will be the first to implement a fully functional advanced BEMS within the country and, likewise, standards regarding same are not available. In order to make appropriate technical and economical designs, therefore, the specifications of the equipment and materials used shall
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adopt international or Japanese standards.
(8) Construction and Procurement Methods and Schedule The soil of the Canefield S/S and the CARICOM Secretariat building is composed of clayey layers containing loose white sand and sediment, so it is soft ground. Since differential settlement is assumed and the prescribed bearing power of soil is not expected to be obtained, appropriate foundation works such as pile driving, or soil improvement shall be carried out prior to installation. Transportation of equipment and materials from Japan, it is assumed, will be via for maritime transport, to the Port of Georgetown, which is an uploading port, capable of accommodating large vessels. Since the main road continues from the Georgetown port to Canefield S/S and the CARICOM Secretariats Headquarters respectively, problems with land transportation are not anticipated. However, with regard to Canefield S/S, it is necessary to pay attention to the Ｓ
- The Berbice River Bridge on the transport route is a movable bridge that is restricted to a maximum weight of 32 tons. - There is a wooden bridge near the substation entrance on the transportation route.
In general also, it is better to avoid land transportation especially during traffic jams because the routes crosses the city center in transporting from the port to the respective sites. We will set the construction period of 24 months from the Exchange Note (E / N). As mentioned above, since there is a rainy season from May to July and from December to January, which will be taken into consideration when it comes to outdoor construction (in order to avoid potential delays in the schedule).
2-2-2 Basic plan for the introduction of reactive power compensator to the Canefield S/S
(1) Prerequisite conditions for planning 1) Current power grid in Guyana Figure 2.2.5 shows the locations of GPL substations, and Figure 2.2.6 shows 69 kV power grid diagram in Guyana. The nominal voltage levels are 69 kV, followed by 13.8 kV, 480V, 440V, 240 V/120 V. The voltage 69 kV is stepped down to 13.8 kV at the substations shown in Figure 2.2.6 and power is supplied to customers through the primary and secondary distribution lines. All Transmission lines connecting substations are single circuit except Sophia S/S to Golden Grove S/S to Garden of Eden P/S. When fault accident occurs at one transmission line, power supply through this route is interrupted and power outage tends to occur. Therefore, the power supply reliability is currently very low. Most of the generators are concentrated at Garden of Eden P/S, Kingston P/S and Vreed-en- Hoop P/S near the capital city Georgetown. The total available capacity of these power generators is about 145 MW. In addition, there are a total 40 MW generators in Skeldon P/S about 200 km away from Georgetown. Moreover 9.0MW and 1.6MW diesel generators are at Canefiled S/S and Onverwagt S/S to deal with peak load.
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Georgetown city
New Amsterdam city
Source：JICA Study team Figure 2.2.5 The locations of substation which GPL is managing
Source：JICA Study team
Figure 2.2.6 69 kV power grid diagram in Guyana
2) Power demand record in Guyana Figure 2.2.7 and Figure 2.2.8 show examples of daily load curve in Guyana. The heavy load season is from October to December and the value of 110.5 MW shown in Figure 2.2.7 is the maximum demand observed in 2015. The load is concentrated in the suburbs of Georgetown, which account for about 60% of the total demand in Guyana. The inland region is out of GPL’s service area, as the power is supplied by other power companies, state and privately owned.
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Maximum demand 110.5MW ：Power demand
Source：JICA Study team Figure 2.2.7 An example of daily load curve in Guyana (Heavy load season (2015.10.28))
：Power demand
Source：JICA Study team Figure 2.2.8 An example of daily load curve in Guyana (Light load season (2015.6.22))
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Future power demand is assumed in Table 2.2-2 by GPL. Although there are some differences between the assumed value in Table 2.2-2 and the actual value shown in Figure 2.2.7 and Figure 2.2.8, power demand is expected to increase 3.5% on average each year from 2014 to 2029.
Table 2.2-2 Assumed future power demand by GPL Gross Energy Gross Peak Load Load Factor Years （GWh） （MW） （%） 2014 785 106.7 84.0 2015 812 110.3 84.0 2016 854 116.1 84.0 2017 889 121.0 84.0 2018 925 126.0 84.0 2019 955 130.0 84.0 2020 985 134.0 84.0 2021 1,017 138.0 84.0 2022 1,049 143.0 84.0 2023 1,083 147.0 84.0 2024 1,117 152.0 84.0 2025 1,153 157.0 84.0 2026 1,190 162.0 84.0 2027 1,228 167.0 84.0 2028 1,267 172.0 84.0 2029 1,308 178.0 84.0 Source：JICA Study team
3) Actual conditions of power loss In Guyana, power loss is a serious problem especially in places distant from Georgetown (New Amsterdam etc.). Severe voltage drop has also occurred due to aging of equipment, vulnerability of power grid and concentration of power generators in the same area. The results of 2nd Survey in September 2017 are shown below, where voltage drop was observed at Canefield S/S, one of the project site, as well as other substations such as Onverwagt S/S and Good Hope S/S.
a) Voltage Table 2.2-3 shows actual primary / secondary voltage of each substation and Figure 2.2.9 shows measured values and monitored values. In Canefield S/S where the most severe voltage drop has occurred; the actual voltage was 60.5 kV and this value had more than 10% fluctuation from the reference voltage of 69 kV. In addition, the voltage drop was larger as the distance increased from Georgetown where power generators are concentrated. Consequently, even if transformer tap is set to the maximum, the secondary voltage can’t be kept at the reference voltage of 13.8 kV and degradation in power quality will occur.
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Table 2.2-3 Actual primary / secondary voltage at each substation Voltage
Primary (reference 69 kV) Secondary (reference 13.8 kV) Canefield S/S 60.5 kV (-12.3%) No confirmation
Onverwagt S/S 63.4 kV (-8.1%) 13.49 kV (-2.2%)
Good Hope S/S 66.1 kV (-4.2%) 13.92 kV (+0.9%)
Source： JICA Study team
60.5 kV
(a) Canefield S/S
66.1 kV 63.4 kV
13. 5 kV 13.9 kV
(b) Onverwagt S/S (c) Good Hope S/S Source：JICA Study team Figure 2.2.9 Measured values and monitor values at each substation
- SCADA wasn’t installed in Canefield S/S, we surveyed primary voltage from voltmeter. - SCADA was installed in Onverwagt S/S and Good Hope S/S, we surveyed primary / secondary voltage from monitors.
b) Substation equipment and generator Figure 2.2.10 shows the whole of Canefield S/S. As a result of surveying the equipment at each substation, main equipment such as transformers and circuit breakers seemed to have been replaced within past ten years. Figure 2.2.11 shows the exterior and performance specifications of circuit breaker. Regarding the tap changer of the transformer, only Canfield S/S is manually adjusted at present. Figure 2.2.12 shows the exterior of the generators in the Canefield S/S. At this substation, one unit 4.2 MW indoor installation diesel generator and three units 1.6 MW mobile diesel generators are operating at heavy load condition. As they are aging, the construction of a new 5.5 MW diesel generator is currently in progress and it is scheduled to operate in 2018. Along with this operation, the existing 4.2 MW diesel generator will be relegated to standby operation. At Onverwagt S/S, a mobile diesel generator of the same type is operating at heavy load condition.
The Preparatory Survey for the Project for the Introduction 2 - 12 of Renewable Energy and Improvement of Power System in the Co-operative Republic of Guyana Chapter 2 Final Report Contents of the Project 図 6 Canefield 変電所の変電所構内
To Onverwegt S/S Substation
To No.53 Villege S/S
69kV transmission line
Source：JICA Study team Figure 2.2.10 The whole of Canefield S/S
Source：JICA Study team Figure 2.2.11 The appearance and performance specifications of circuit breaker.
(a) 4.2 MW indoor installation diesel generator (b) 1.6 MW mobile diesel generators Source：JICA Study team Figure 2.2.12 Diesel generators connected to Canefield S/S
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4) The cause of power loss Although several MW diesel generators are connected at Canefield S/S and Onverwagt S/S where the voltage drop is severe, power is supplied all the way from vicinity of Georgetown (approx. 100 km away) and Skeldon P/S (approx. 80 km away). In addition, as transmission lines are single circuit, line impedance is large and power loss also increases. As there are some feeders whose the power factor is low (approx. 0.7), long distance reactive power transmission is also another contributing factor to low voltage within the vicinity of Canefield Substation.
5) Improvement measure of power loss As one of the main causes of power loss is the loss of reactive power caused by long-distance power transmission, the voltage drop is improved at substation near Canefield S/S by installing reactive power compensator in Canefield S/S where voltage drop is the most severe.
6) Options and capacity of reactive power compensator There are static condenser and STATCOM which can control voltage dynamically as options of reactive power compensator. Table 2.2-4 and 2.2-5 shows main features of both equipment. According to the information from GPL, Ferranti phenomenon has not occurred even at light load condition. Therefore, when static condenser is installed, it is not necessary to install shunt reactor. In this project, it is planned to install a total of 10 MVar reactive power compensator in Canefield S/S. However, when static condenser is installed, the impact on the power grid’s voltage at the time of changing the amount of reactive power (switch open / switch close) should be considered. If the voltage fluctuation becomes large, it is recommended that the operation should be done in stages by dividing the condenser’s capacity.
Table 2.2-4 Overview of reactive power compensator (Static condenser) Configuration example Functional features It is connected in parallel to the load side during the time when large low power factor loads such as electric motors are operated. Reactive power can be supplied from the static condenser to the load side, reactive power supply from generator side is reduced, and power loss through transmission line is also reduced. However, when reactive power remains on load side such as at night (light load), reactive power flows from load side to generator side and the voltage on load side may be increased more than reference voltage. So in general, Static condenser is operated by switching according to load amount.
Source：JICA Study team
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Table 2.2-5 Overview of reactive power compensator (STATCOM) Configuration example Functional features Static condenser and shunt reactors can be dynamically controlled by power electronics technology. The voltage of power grid can be kept by supplying reactive power of advance phases and lag phases according to power grid voltage fluctuation and loads fluctuation. However, the structure becomes complicated with thyristors. Operation and maintenance requires a high level of technical capability and the cost also becomes high. ・Capacitor installed in parallel with the load of power grid Source：JICA Study team
7) Prerequisite conditions for considering specification of reactive power compensator
b) Power grid interconnection conditions - Comply with grid operation code. In addition, even if the load is isolated and the voltage of the substation rises, the grid operation code should be complied with. (In Guyana, the load is often isolated due to power outage and customer’s convenience)
②Standard for voltage fluctuation - Allowable voltage fluctuation range in normal conditions: ±5% ⇒ Prevent malfunction of voltage / frequency relay. - Allowable voltage fluctuation range in fault conditions: Table 2.2-6
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Table 2.2-6 Allowable voltage fluctuation range in fault conditions Allowable time （ ） （ ） Transformer tap AUTO Transformer tap Manual Fault occurrence～normal ～30sec. 30sec.～5min. 5min.～ condition restoration Allowable Voltage ±10% ±7% ±5% ±5% fluctuation → When the variation of 10% or more voltage continues for more than 1 second, the relay on the generator side operates and the generator is stopped. Source：JICA Study team
③Standard for frequency fluctuation - Frequency shall be kept within the range of 57.7 Hz to 63.0 Hz, for the reference 60.0 Hz. - For areas below 58.0 Hz, load isolation of up to 50% is permitted to prevent further frequency drop.
8) Consideration on specification of reactive power compensator by power grid analysis a) The conditions of power grid analysis Power grid analysis was carried out with some date shown in Table 2.2-7.Figure 2.2.13 and Table 2.2-.8 shows the condition of power grid analysis simulating the case that reactive power compensator is installed in Canefield S/S. In addition to existence/absence of reactive power, the conditions of interconnection of generator and loads were also compared.
Table 2.2-7 The data used for power grid analysis Date Overview -Analysis data routinely used by GPL in system planning Base date -69kV power grid diagram -Transmission parameter (conductor type, length and circuit Transmission and number for each line, impedance for each line) substation parameter -Transformer parameter (capacity, impedance, tap number) -Short circuit breaker current etc. -Output of each generator Generator parameter -Generator constant (normal condition and dynamic condition) Dairy load curve -Refer to load setting of heavy load, light load Future power demand Operation performance of -Base power supply and peak power supply generator Source：JICA Study team
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Source：JICA Study team
Figure 2.2.13 The image of power grid analysis
Table 2.2-8 The conditions of power grid analysis Condition Outline The amount of Before installation：0 MVar reactive power ： compensator After installation one unit of 10 MVar or two units of 5 MVar Heavy load condition：125 MW The amount of Light load condition：85 MW load ⇒Considering demand growth from 2015 record Source：JICA Study team
9) The result of power grid analysis a) Before installation of reactive power compensator Figure 2.2.14 shows the power grid diagram at heavy load condition calculated by software model. A large reactive power flowed to Canefield S/S direction. In addition, all transmission line and substation equipment were satisfied with both the permitting capacity at normal condition and short circuit current capacity at fault condition. Table 2.2-9 shows primary voltages of Canefield S/S at heavy and light load condition.
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At the most severe condition with heavy load condition and no generator interconnected, the voltage was calculated 61.5 kV. The value was more than 10% lower than reference voltage 69kV as well as actual voltage.
Source：JICA Study team Figure 2.2.14 Calculated power flow diagram before installation of reactive power compensator (Heavy load condition and operating 5.5 MW generator)
Table 2.2-9 The result of power grid analysis (Primary voltage in Canefield S/S before installation of reactive power compensator) The amount Heavy load condition Light load condition + generator OFF of reactive power Generator Generator No load Load 1 Load 1+2 All loads compensator OFF ON isolation isolation isolation isolation 0 MVar 61.5 kV 64.5 kV 65.0 kV 67.5 kV 68.2 kV 68.6 kV - It is the value after adjusting the tap of transformer so that secondary voltage approaches 13.8kV Source：JICA Study team
b) After installation of reactive power compensator Figure 2.2.15 shows power flow diagram after 10 MVar installation at heavy load condition calculated by ETAP. The reactive power flow to Canefield S/S direction was greatly suppressed by installation of 10 MVar reactive power compensator. Table 2.2-10 shows primary voltages of Canefield S/S at heavy and light load conditions. As reactive power is supplied from Canefield S/S, the improvement effect was confirmed as follows. - heavy load condition: reach to reference voltage 69 kV by operating 5.5 MW generator - Light load condition: No interconnection of 5.5 MW generator is required
However, the possibility that the voltage exceeds 69 kV + 5% was confirmed when multiple loads were isolated simultaneously at light load condition. For this reason, when static condenser is installed, it is a prerequisite to perform a switch operation immediately after exceeding the voltage and control the amount of reactive power and restore the voltage to allowable voltage range. The condition for installing a 10MVar static condenser is shown below. - At load 1 + 2 isolation: 72.9 kV → 68.2 kV (voltage fluctuation 6.8%)
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- At all loads isolation: 73.3 kV → 68.6 kV (voltage fluctuation 6.8%) In this case, as it exceeded allowable voltage fluctuation of grid operation code, serious impacts on power grid were concerned. On the other hand, when two units of 5 MVar static condenser were installed and the amount of reactive power was reduced from 10 MVar to 5 MVar in stages, the impacts on power grid can be also reduced as follows. -At load 1 + 2 isolation: 72.9 kV → 70.4 kV (voltage fluctuation 3.6%) - At all loads isolation: 73.3 kV → 70.9 kV (voltage fluctuation 3.5%) In addition, transient voltage fluctuation before and after switching was also within the allowable range of about 4.4%. Therefore, when static condenser is installed, it was confirmed that installing two units of 5 MVar was the best option because it was expected to keep within allowable voltage range under any circumstances.
Source：JICA Study team Figure 2.2.15 Calculated power flow diagram after installation of 10 MVar reactive power compensator (Heavy load condition and operating 5.5 MW generator)
Table 2.2-10 The result of power grid analysis (Primary voltage in Canefield S/S after installation of 10 MVar reactive power compensator) The amount Heavy load condition Light load condition + generator OFF of reactive power Generator Generator No load Load 1 Load 1+2 All loads compensator OFF ON isolation Isolation isolation isolation 10 MVar 66.2 kV 69.1 kV 70.4 kV 72.2 kV 72.9 kV 73.3 kV
Source：JICA Study team
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10) Determination of specification Other results of this survey are as follows.
- Even for static condenser, automatic switching according to voltage fluctuation is possible (Switching time: 15 seconds 30 seconds actual experience in Japan) - Static condenser is almost maintenance free, STATCOM requires regular inspection by the manufacturer about once in 3 years. ⇒Maintenance cost for STATCOM is much higher than static condenser. - When a fault that has a large impact on the power grid occurs (especially in single circuit like power grid in Guyana), there is no guarantee that STATCOM could prevent from generator’s isolation. - GPL is planning to implement the automation measures of transformer tap change before this project, Secondary voltage can also follow the primary voltage change instantaneously.
As a result of consultation with GPL and based on the results of the power grid analysis and above survey results, this team has reached an agreement by installing two 5 MVar units static condenser.
11) Recommended Operation of static condenser For the current demand - supply condition, the following operation method is recommended. - At heavy load condition: Two units are interconnected. - At light load condition: In principle, two units are interconnected, and only when multiple loads are isolated, one unit is opened.
12) Future power grid plan in Guyana Figure 2.2.16 shows the future power grid plan in Guyana at the time of 2020, according to information from GPL.
Source：JICA Study team Figure. 2.2.16 Future power grid plan in Guyana for 2020 (69 kV)
① Installation of new power generators Table 2.2-11 shows the plan for installing new power generators. In addition to installing HFO diesel generators, installing new renewable energy power is planned. The total power generation capacity in Guyana is expected to rise to about 230 MW by installing the new power generators.
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Table 2.2-11 Installation plan for power generators (~ 2020) Connection site Capacity Generator type Garden of Eden S/S 17.6 MW HFO diesel New S/S (between Colombia S/S 13.8 MW Wind power and Goodhope S/S) Onverwegt S/S 3.0 MW Solar power Kulu Kululu S/S 3.0 MW Solar power Source：JICA Study team
② Installation of new substations Table 2.2-12 shows the plan for installing new substations. These substations are mostly new additions due to the installation of the aforementioned power generators and the need for a relay at the middle point of the long-distance power transmission section.
Table 2.2-12 Installation plan for substations (~ 2020) Substation Transformer capacity Kulu Kululu S/S 16.7 MVA New S/S 25.0 MVA (between Colombia S/S and Goodhope S/S) Hydronie S/S 16.7 MVA Canal No.2 S/S 16.7 MVA Williamsburgh S/S 3.7 MVA Source：JICA Study team
③ Double circuit transmission lines Table 2.2-13 shows the double circuit plan for the transmission lines. As power generators are concentrated around the Kingston S/S, the transmission lines in Table 2.2.13 are trunk line that supply a large amount of power to Georgetown, so these lines will improve power supply reliability by reinforcing to double circuits.
Table 2.2-13 Double circuit plan for transmission lines (~ 2020) Substation section Length Sophia S/S ～ Kingston S/S 5.0 km Sophia S/S ～ New Sophia S/S 0.2 km Source：JICA Study team
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④ Installation of new reactive power compensators Table 2.2-14 shows the plan for installing new reactive power compensators. Other than this project, the 6 MVar reactive power compensator is planned for the New Sophia S/S to improve the voltage drop (suppress the output of the diesel generator) in the area where power demand is concentrated.
Table 2.2-14 Installation plan for reactive power compensators (~ 2020) Substation Capacity New Sophia S/S 6 MVar Edinburgh S/S 18 MVar Source：JICA Study team
13) Evaluation of future power grid plan by power grid analysis An analysis was carried out on the future power grid with the aforementioned new installation plans reflected in the current power grid. Table 2.2-15 shows the power grid analysis conditions.
Table 2.2-15 Power grid analysis conditions (Common) Condition Outline The new HFO diesel generator had the same conditions as the existing generator. Generator The output characteristics of the renewable energy were not taken characteristics into consideration for the output fluctuation model corresponding to the real equipment, as a constant output is assumed. Load Assuming heavy load, set to 140 MW. condition (Margin of about 5% in power demand as of 2020 (Table 2.2-2)) Source：JICA Study team
Power grid analysis results ① Power flow calculation Figure 2.2.17 shows the power flow of the future system.
Currently, power supply to the Onverwegt S/S and Canefield S/S depends on long distance power transmission from Georgetown. After installation of the renewable energy infrastructure, most of the supply will be by renewable energy. On the other hand, after installing a reactive power compensator at the Edinburgh S/S, a voltage increase was observed at the surrounding substations due to the input of reactive power, so it was opened. For this reason, it is necessary to consider whether the new equipment should be installed or not, and, if installed, how to make it stepwise like the Canefield S/S. In addition, all transmission lines and substation equipment satisfied both the permitting capacity under normal conditions and short-circuit current capacity upon fault.
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Source：JICA Study team Figure. 2.2.17 Calculated power flow diagram assuming 2020 future power grid plan
② Improvement of power supply reliability Improvement of supply reliability by double circuits between the Sophia S/S and Kingston S/S was evaluated by transient stability analysis. Figure 2.2.18 shows the phase angle of the generator connected to the Kingston S/S.
(a) Single circuit
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(a) Double circuit Source：JICA Study team Figure. 2.2.18 Generator phase angle immediately after accident occurrence
③ Evaluation of output fluctuation of renewable energy A power flow analysis was carried out assuming that the output of renewable energy fluctuates due to weather.
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Table 2.2-16 Results of power flow calculation assuming output fluctuation of renewable energy Output of renewable energy Solar power Solar power Wind power (Onverwegt Calculation result (Kulu Kululu S/S) S/S) 13.8MW 3.0MW 3.0MW Output reduction secured with DP 2 and DP 100% 100% 0% 3 diesel generator reserve capacity. Onverwegt S/S output reduction secured by 100% 0% 0% the reserve capacity of the diesel generators at the Canefield S/S and Skeldon S/S. Wind power output reduction secured by DP 2 and DP 3 diesel generator reserve power. 50% 0% 0% At this time, supply reserve equivalent to one generator it still secured. Wind power output reduction secured by DP 0% 0% 0% 2 and DP 3 diesel generator reserve power. Almost all supply reserve is used up. Source：JICA Study team
④ Summary The future power grid plans for 2020 were reflected in the current power grid and evaluated by power grid analysis. As a result, it was confirmed that the 10 MVar reactive power compensator to be installed at the Canefield S/S in this project could contribute to improving voltage drops in the future. In addition, it was confirmed that power supply reliability was improved by double circuits and the relationship between the output fluctuation of renewable energy and the supply reserve capacity of the diesel generators.
(2) Outline of Whole Plan 1) Applied Standard The design will be formulated under the following criteria: - Japanese Industrial Standards（JIS） - Standard of Japanese Electrotechnical Committee（JEC） - Standards of the Japan Electrical Manufacturers' Association（JEM） - Japanese Cable Makers' Association Standard（JCS） - International Electrotechnical Commission（IEC） - International Organization for Standardization（ISO） - The ministerial ordinance that establishes technical standards concerning electrical equipment
2) Single line diagram and layout for Equipment Static Condenser and Equipment of feeder for it are installed and connected by extension of the existing 69 kV main bus and standby bus in Canefield substation. Static Condenser and Equipment of feeder are installed in free space of the substation area, considering the future plan of the substation, panels for control and protection are installed in a new control room that will be installed in the free space of the substation, because there is no space in the existing control room (prefabricated and the size is 5.0 m × 8.0 m). At the 3rd survey, we got the information from GPL that installation of new generator in Canefield S/S will be planned in
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2018. So it is possible that the panels will be installed in the building for new generator. (Shown in Appendix 7-1 to 7-5)
3) Earthing Design Earthing conductors to each equipment and panels are connected to existing earthing conductors (mesh) in substation.
4) Pollution Design Canefield substation is located closely at approximately 7 km from the coast. And the pollution level in this substation is equal to heavy level in Japan. Therefore, the insulator design is conducted as very heavy level, the creepage distance is 31 mm/kV according to IEC 60815.
5) Control and protection circuit a) Control circuit Circuit breaker and disconnecting switch, including earth device, are operated from installed control panel. Presently existing equipment in Canefield substation is not connected to SCADA system, although it is planned by the end of 2019. Therefore, GPL will be responsible for making the connection between the SCADA system and the installed equipment. Two static condensers (total capacity of 10 MVar) will be connected to the 69 kV bus, since the 69 kV bus voltage of the Canefield substation is constantly low. In the case of load such as feeder dropout at light load, if the 69 kV bus voltage exceeds the reference value (reference voltage is 69 kV + 5%) in GPL, it is basically operated to disconnect one or two units (opening the connected circuit breaker to 69 kV bus).
b) Protection circuit Protection Relays are installed for the purpose of protection of the main circuit and static condenser. ＜Protection for failure of main circuit＞ - Detection of over voltage at main circuit - Detection of under voltage at main circuit ＜Protection for failure of Static condenser＞ - Detection of over current at Static condenser（short circuit or ground fault） - Detection of voltage unbalance when failure is inside of static condenser
6) Procedure for construction work Procedure for construction is basically shown as follows; - Civil work - Installation work -including major equipment and panels and control room - Installation work –including steel structure and wire - Control cable work - Test For the purpose of maintaining the reliability for power supply, outage required for construction work should be planned and coordinated with GPL in advance, and should be considered to minimize the time and area as much as possible. For example, when there is a connection work between existing and expansion bus, alternate switch of each bus outage (main or standby bus) is necessary to avoid outage of all equipment of substation.
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7) Others a) Basic Design Geological investigation in Canefield substation was conducted by local contractor. In the investigation, standard penetration test by boring at 2 points in the substation and laboratory test by sampling of soil were conducted. As the result, it is clear that the soil is very soft and there is hard soil (N-value is approximately 21 to 29) around 30 m under the ground. Therefore, foundation design for equipment needs to be conducted considering use of pile (support pile or friction pile).
b) Transportation condition On the way to Canefield substation from Georgetown, there is a bridge, called Berbice Bridge (the length is approximately 1.5 km), the weight regulation for transportation is 32 t. Because it is possible that the maximum transport weight of equipment exceeds 32 t, it cannot be passed through the bridge. Therefore, as the way of transportation for equipment, a barge transportation needs to be considered. There is a wooden bridge (width: 4 m, length: 20 m) in front of entrance to Canefield substation. Therefore, when the heavy equipment passes through the bridge, in advance, reinforcement measure by steel materials and iron plates needs to be considered.
(3) Plan for equipment and materials 1) Major equipment and materials
Table 2.2-17 Major equipment and materials for installing static condenser
D No. Item Unit Local Japan A C
1 69kVPower Capacitor (5MVar/set) 2set ○ 2 69kVCircuit Breaker 2set ○ 69kVDisconnecting switch 3 4set ○ without earthing device 69kVDisconnectiong switch 4 2set ○ with earthing device 5 69kV Current transformer 12set ○ 6 60kV Lightning Arrester 6set ○ 7 Control panel 2set ○ 8 Protection relay panel 2set ○ 9 Conductors and control cables 1set ○ DAC (Development Assistance Committee）:USA, France, Germany, UK, Japan, Italy, Spain, the Netherlands, Sweden, Canada, Norway, Denmark, Switzerland, Australia, New Zealand, Portugal, Austria, Finland, Belgium, Ireland, Korea(from 2010) Source：JICA Study Team
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2) Specifications of main equipment a) 69 kV Static Condenser
Table 2.2-18 69 kV Specification of Static Condenser No. Item Specification 1 Circuit voltage 69 kV 2 Rated voltage 73.4 kV 3 Nominal capacity 5,000 kVar 4 Rated capacity 5,660 kVar Source：JICA Study Team
b) 69 kV Circuit Breaker
Table 2.2-19 Specifications of 69 kV Circuit Breaker No. Item Specification 1 Rated voltage 72.5 kV 2 Rated current 1,250 A 3 Rated short-time withstand 31.5k A current 4 Insulation medium SF6 Gas Source:JICA Study Team
c) 69 kV Disconnecting Switch
Table 2.2-20 69 kV Disconnecting Switch No. Item Specification 1 Rated voltage 72.5 kV 2 Rated current 1,250 A 3 Rated short-time withstand 31.5 kA current Source: JICA Study Team
d) 69kV Current Transformer
Table 2.2-21 Specifications of 69kV Current Transformer No. Item Specification 1 Rated voltage 72.5 kV 2 Number of cores 2 cores/phase (core 1 : Measuring, core 2 :Protection） 3 Rated current Primary : 1,250 A, Secondary : 5 A 4 Rated short-time withstand 31.5 kA current Source: JICA Study Team
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e) 60kV Lightning Arrester
Table 2.2-22 Specifications of 60kV Lightning Arrester No. Item Specification 1 Rated voltage 60 kV 2 Rated discharge current 10 kA Source：JICA Study Team
f) Panel
Table 2.2-23 Specifications of Panels No. Item Specification 1 Type Metal enclosed self-standing Type, Indoor use 2 Protection Relay Under Voltage Relay (Protection for main circuit) Over Voltage Relay 3 Protection Relay Over Current Relay（Short Circuit, (Protection for static Ground Fault） condenser） Voltage balance Relay Source：JICA Study Team
2-2-3 Basic plan for improvement of distribution network
(1) Preconditions for planning 1) Demand forecast Regarding the demand forecast for the target distribution feeders, we researched the current load data (Table 2.2-24) for each feeder and the assumed value up to 2020 from the GPL. Based on these data, we calculated and evaluated the degree of improvement of voltage drop and the amount of technical loss reduction.
Table 2.2-24 Maximum current of distribution feeder at 2017 Distribution feeder Maximum current (A) Good Hope F4 259 Sophia F2 314 GOE F1 122 Onverwagt F2 158 Source：JICA Study Team
2) System analysis a) Onverwagt area The 13. 8 kV F2 distribution line from Onverwagt substation is 25 km long and the power factor of the load is rather low. Therefore, the voltage drop is very large which is out of the standard value; within +/- 5% of nominal voltage of 13.8 kV. Power loss is also large in this line. To address this situation, GPL made an improvement plan as in below. Figure 2.2.19 shows the outline of the plan. - Construction of a new express feeder as upstream section of F2-2 backbone to divide the load on the existing feeder (the length of newly construction section is 12 km). - Replacement of the existing distribution backbone conductor at F2-1 and downstream section of F2-2 to larger size (the length of replacement section is 25 km).
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- Installation of power factor controllers for F2-1 and F2-2 (One set for each F2-1 and F2- 2 therefore two sets in total. One set of 1500 kVar power factor controller is consist of a static 750 kVar and an automatic 750 kVar).
Source：JICA Study Team Figure 2.2.19 Single line diagram of Onverwagt F2 distribution line (Above: present, below: after improvement)
JICA study team estimated the effect of the plan. Figure 2.2.20 shows the load distribution model of the Onverwagt F2 backbone. Table 2.2-25 shows the result of the estimation of the voltage drop improvement and loss reduction. It is confirmed that the implementation of this plan is effective since the voltage drop at the heavy load time (at assumed feeder current of 258 A in around year of 2023) can be within standard value and 129 MWh/year of distribution loss can be reduced.
Source：JICA Study Team Figure 2.2.20 Load distribution model of the Onverwagt F2 backbone
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Table 2.2-25 Result of the effect assumption of the improvement plan for Onverwagt F2 distribution line Feeder Main Length of the Power Voltage Judgment Line loss※2 conductor distribution factor drop (kV)※1 (MWh backbone controller [%] /year) present: F2 Tulip 25 km None -1.68 kV NG 217 [-12.1%] After F2-1 Cosmos 12 km 1.5 MVar -0.2 kV Good improve [-1.2%] 88 ment F2-2 Cosmos 25 km 1.5 MVar -0.3 kV Good (total) [-2.2%] Estimated value of distribution line loss reduction (MWh/year) 129 ※1 : standard value of voltage drop is within +/-5% of the rated voltage of 13.8kV ※2 : Line loss is assumed based on the present value of feeder current in 2017 Source：JICA Study Team
b) Sophia, Good Hope, GOE area Three 13.8 kV distribution line in Sophia, Good Hope, and GOE areas were proposed from GPL as the candidates for upgrade of backbone aiming distribution loss reduction. Figure 2.2.21 shows the position of planned three distribution backbone for replacement. The effect of loss reduction by replacement of backbone conductor from existing Tulip type to Cosmos type was estimated for each distribution line. Table 2.2-26 shows the result. It is confirmed that the distribution loss in each distribution backbone can be reduced according to their assumed feeder current.
Source：JICA Study Team Figure 2.2.21 Position of planned three distribution backbone for replacement
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Table 2.2-26 Estimation of loss reduction in planned three distribution backbone for replacement Substation Feeder Main Section Assumed Estimated area conductor length of feeder distribution (present backbone current loss reduction type) replacement (A) (MWh/year) (km) Sophia F2 Tulip 7.4 314 71 Good F4 Tulip 10.1 259 66 Hope GOE F1 Tulip 27.0 122 39 Total 44.5 176 Source：JICA Study Team
c) Vreed-En-Hoop area For this area, it is just a replacement of SWER type pole mounted transformer alone. So, there is no need for power system analysis. For technical losses, the introduction effect will be evaluated by calculating the difference of the transformer efficiency and the resistance loss caused by the current returning pass from the ground to the MV electric wire. As a result of confirming specifications of the SWER and ordinary type transformer for the GPL, it turned out that the standard efficiency value of the transformers was not substantially changed, and there was no great difference (Table 2.2-27).
Table 2.2-27 Efficiency Comparison of SWER and Ordinary Type Transformers Capacity SWER Type (%) Ordinary (2 phase) Type (%) 10 98.0 97.8 25 98.4 98.4 50 98.6 98.6 100 98.6 98.7 Source：JICA Study Team
Therefore, we confirmed the expected effect of loss reduction due to resistance loss difference of current returning pass. As a result of calculation under certain assumed conditions, it was confirmed that the loss reduction effect of 234 MWh per year is expected to be obtained by replacing 48 targeted units of SWER transformers. ＜Assumption condition＞ - The iron loss and copper loss of the transformer can be neglected from the results in Table 2.2-27, only the differences between the resistance loss of the current return path of the SWER whose influence is dominant and those of normal type transformer is calculated. - The resistance value is calculated by setting the earth resistance value per km at 0.06 Ω/km and using the distance from each transformer to the substation. - Since the transformers are installed in the countryside, the load factor is set at 0.2, and the current value is calculated based on the capacity of the transformer.
(2) Overview of the overall plan 1) Applied criteria and standards Design, manufacture, factory inspection and testing etc. of equipment and materials adopted in this project shall be in accordance with the following design criteria and standards. - GPL's power distribution equipment design standard
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- International Electrotechnical Commission (IEC) - International Organization for Standardization (ISO) - American National Standards Institute (ANSI) - National Electrical Manufacturers Association (NEMA) - Other international standards - Manufacturer standards
2) Voltage levels The standard voltage of the MV distribution system in Guyana is 13.8 kV, and the existing MV is also 13.8 kV. Therefore, in the present plan as well, the equipment for MV will be designed to be 15 kV. Regarding low voltage, the standard voltage of the country, 240 V – 120 V, will be adopted.
3) Basic conditions The basic conditions for the power distribution equipment of this project are based on the GPL's power distribution equipment design standards. The conditions for each item are described below.
a) 13.8kV medium-voltage distribution equipment Design standards for MV distribution equipment are as shown in the table below.
Table 2.2-28 Design parameter for MV distribution equipment Parameter Design value Distribution system 3 Phase, 3 wire system Nominal system voltage 13.8 kV Voltage Class 15 kV Rated impulse voltage withstand (peak) 95 kV Rated frequency 60 Hz Source: JICA Study Team
b) 240-120V Low voltage distribution equipment Design standards for LV distribution equipment are as shown in the table below.
Table 2.2-29 Design parameter for LV distribution equipment Parameter Design value Distribution system 3 phase, 4 wire system Nominal system voltage 240 V – 120 V Rated impulse voltage withstand (peak) 30 kV Frequency 60 Hz Source: JICA Study Team
c) Grounding System The earthling for the MV and LV distribution system are shown in the table below.
Table 2.2-30 Grounding system Particular system MV distribution system Low-resistance grounding system LV distribution system Solid grounding system Source: JICA Study Team
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d) Voltage Variation The voltage variation shown in Table 2.2-31 will be kept to ensure a quality supply at the end of the distribution line and/or the customer’s switchboard:
Table 2.2-31 Voltage variation Particular Voltage Variation MV distribution network 13.8 kV ±5% LV distribution network 240 V – 120 V ±5%
e) Distribution facilities The distribution facilities to be provided for the project are as follows.
a. Power factor controller The specification of the power factor controller is shown in Table 2.2-32.
Table 2.2-32 The specification of the power factor controller Item Specification Operation type Automatic Manual Mounting type Pole mounted (same as the left) Phase type 3 phases 3 wires (same as the left) Capacity of Capacitor 750 kVar(total of capacitor units) (same as the left) Rated voltage 13.8kV (same as the left) Rated frequency 60 Hz (same as the left) Bank connection Delta (same as the left) Interconnection switch 3 units none Switch operation Automatic manual Switching controller One unit none Source: JICA Study Team
b. Electric Wire This plan is to reduce the technical loss by upgrading the existing electric wire called “Code Tulip” to thicker one. Therefore, we shall adopt and procure aluminum electric bare wire (All Aluminum Conductor: AAC) called “Code Cosmos”.
Table 2.2-33 Specification of electric wire Item Specification Type All Aluminum Conductor (AAC) Code Cosmos Standard ASTM B230 and 231 Source: JICA Study Team
c. Pole mounted transformer The SWER type transformers will be replaced with transformers with the following specifications. Especially, because they will be installed in the coastal area, the outer cases must be made of stainless steel as the salt damage resistance specification.
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Table 2.2-34 Specification of pole mounted transformer Item Specification Type 1 phase 2 wire type with tap changer（±5%, ±2.5%） Capacity 10, 15, 25, 50, 75, 100 kVA Rated Voltage Primary: 13.8 kV, Secondary: 240 V - 120 V Frequency 60 Hz Outer case Stainless steel Source: JICA Study Team
(3) Project Facilities According to the above mentioned basic design policy, main facilities and amount are as follows:
Table 2.2-35 List of main equipment concerning improvement of distribution network Onverwagt Vreed-En- Sophia, Good No. Item Unit district Hoop Hoop, GOE district district Power Factor Compensator 1 unit 2 - - (Automatic) Power Factor Compensator 2 unit 2 - - (Manual) 3 Cosmos Wire km 133 - 160 Pole Mounted Transformer 4-1 unit - 1 - 10 kVA Pole Mounted Transformer 4-2 unit - 2 - 15 kVA Pole Mounted Transformer 4-3 unit - 9 - 25 kVA Pole Mounted Transformer 4-4 unit - 19 - 50 kVA Pole Mounted Transformer 4-5 unit - 7 - 75 kVA Pole Mounted Transformer 4-6 unit - 10 - 100 kVA Source: JICA Study Team
For power distribution equipment, three (3) PFC capacitors (250 kVar) for replacement shall be deployed as spare parts. And other equipment and materials will not be considered of spare parts because they are highly versatile and it is possible to procure them on the GPL side. In addition, the GPL needs to budget the purchase cost of other equipment (e.g. pole, arm, insulator, etc.) necessary for newly constructing and upgrading distribution lines, and installation cost for the equipment, by the end of delivery of grant equipment from Japan.
2-2-4 Basic plan for CARICOM Secretariat PV system, with batteries (1) Precondition for the basic design The basic design for the PV system will be formulated taking into consideration below: ＜Instruction from JICA＞ ・The installation capacity shall be selected to suitably match the actual and future power demand of the CARICOM Secretariat Headquarters, whilst also taking into consideration the necessary countermeasures for reverse power flow from the PV system toward the GPL power grid. The
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clearance of the underground structure (or obstacle) should be also considered in the basic design. ・ The equipment selection shall be done with consideration given to the operation and maintenance (O&M) requirement, such that this is minimized but without compromise on the performance of the project. ・The soft components (Technical Assistance) shall include programs for training, capacity building and awareness among various stakeholder groups, especially focused on the skill requirements for enabling the smooth O&M of installed facilities and equipment, as well as the visibility of the equipment and its performance in regard to the sustainable production and use of energy within the Secretariat.
＜Request from CARICOM（After the 1st survey）＞
Table 2.2-36 The list of request from CARICOM Contents Component Basic design PV system Installation of (1) The installed capacity of PV panels is 400kWp PV system (2) The installed capacity for the storage battery is (with battery 150kWh and the main purpose of installing system for the battery is to absorb the voltage fluctuation voltage caused by the PV output fluctuation. stabilization ) (3) The PV panels will be set up at the northern field with combination of ground mounted type and carport mounted type systems at CARICOM Secretariat Headquarters Source: JICA Study team
・CARICOM Secretariat proposed the eight (8) candidate areas as shown in figure 2.2.22. The ground mounted type will be possible at area one (1) and eight (8). The carport-mounted type will be possible at the rest of the areas from two (2) to seven (7).
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Source: JICA Study team Figure 2.2.22 Candidate areas for PV panels
(2) Technical consideration for the design 1) The consideration of the capacity of the PV system The capacity of the PV system would be led by three aspects, one is the self-consumption of the CARICOM Secretariat Headquarters building, and second is the condition to avoid the flow of power back to the GPL grid, and last is the maximization of facility utilization rate.
The output of PV system is usually determined by the output from power conditioning system (PCS) and, consequently, it is necessary to determine the design characteristics for the PCS, at first in order to determine the PV system specifications.
Figure 2.2.23 shows the estimated monthly maximum demand in 2017; the average monthly maximum demand was calculated by estimating a 6.5% reduction in the consumption of the previous two years. The estimated average monthly maximum demand is 469 kW; the lowest monthly demand was 417 kW in February.
To maintain the unreversed power flow in February, after installing BEMS system, which will be assumed to achieve 5% reduction of power consumption, the output from power conditioner shall be around 396 kW and could be rounded up to 400 kW, to provide an initial specification for the PCS. In case the self-consumption demand is smaller than the PV generated power for several (up to ten) minutes, then the reverse power flow will charge the lithium-ion battery and avoid the reverse power flow to the power grid. In the case of very light loads on weekends (or on public holidays), the PV system need to be shut-down to stop output.
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Source: JICA Study team Figure 2.2.23 Assumed monthly Maximum power demand
Source: JICA Study team Figure 2.2.24 Deference of two concept of PV panels installation
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（Sunrise:5:44、Sunset:18:35 in June） Source: created by JICA Study team based on CARICOM data Figure 2.2.25 Daily load curve of CARICOM building in June
2) Consideration of PV generating effect from the surrounding obstacles The Latitude and Longitude of Georgetown is 6°47′24″N、58°09′36″W respectively, and the annual position of the sun shows in Figure 2.2.26. Georgetown is located in northern hemisphere but the latitude is not so high, the locus of the sun varies from North in summer and to the south in winter. The height of the sun is more than 80 degree north in the summer and more than 60 degree south in the winter. The sun goes high enough that there are no possibility that the two-storied CARICOM Secretariat Headquarters Building or surrounding obstacle would cast a shadow on the PV panels. Also, there are no tall building around the CARICOM Secretariat Headquarters, which could cast shadows on the PV panels.
Source: JICA Study team Figure 2.2.26 The annual position of the sun in Georgetown
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The JICA Study team and CARICOM Secretariat Representatives discussed the future of the CARICOM annex building which is planned to be built in the south, and confirmed that PV system shall be installed in northern areas of CARICOM main building, to avoid any influences from the construction of new annex building.
3) Consideration of output from PV system There are no available insolation data in Guyana, so the JICA Study team discussed with CARICOM Secretariat to use the data disclosed at NASA data base. The data shows in table 2.2-37. Table 2.2-37 Solar radiation data of Georgetown Jan Feb Mar Apr May Jun Jul Aug Sep Oct Nov Dec Insolation 5.33 5.91 6.21 6.36 5.63 5.30 5.84 6.33 6.47 6.10 5.34 5.04 [kWh/m2/day] Temperature 25.7 25.6 25.8 26.2 26.4 26.2 26.1 26.4 26.6 26.7 26.5 26.3 [℃] Precipitation 232 129 141 161 298 318 263 179 74 82 143 295 [mm] Source：NASA Langley Research Center
The effect of shadow from obstacle is neglectable as explained and the effect of the battery is also very small, as the main purpose of installing battery is to mitigate the voltage fluctuation, so it doesn’t need to be taken into consideration. The formula to calculate the output power from PV system describe as below:
Each parametric quantity describe as below: Ep ：Annual output of PV system [kWh/year]
PAS ：Output under standard condition [kW]
HA ：Insolation during unit time [kWh/m2/month]
Gs ：Solar radiation intensity under standard condition [kW/m2] = 1[kW/m2] K ：Total system output coefficient The total system output coefficient describe as below:
Each parametric quantity describe as below: Kd ： This coefficient include the pollution of PV panels or the characteristic of PV panels （It is normally 0.8 in Japan）
Kt ： Temperature correction coefficient The temperature correction formula describe as below:
α ：Maximum output temperature coefficient（Normally adopt -0.5）
Tm ：Module temperature＝monthly average temperature
ηINV：Inverter transformation efficiency coefficient The result of calculating the output of PV system is described in Table 2.2-38, and the total assumed annual output of PV system become 654,073 [kWh/annually]
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Table 2.2-38 Assumed monthly output of PV system（kWh） Jan Feb Mar Apr May Jun Jul Aug Sep Oct Nov Dec Total Days 31 28 31 30 31 30 31 31 30 31 30 31 365 HA： Insolation 5.33 5.91 6.21 6.36 5.63 5.30 5.84 6.33 6.47 6.10 5.34 5.04 - [kWh/m2/day] Tm： Average temperature 25.7 25.6 25.8 26.2 26.4 26.2 26.1 26.4 26.6 26.7 26.5 26.3 - [℃] Kt： Temperature 1.00 1.00 1.00 0.99 0.99 0.99 0.99 0.99 0.99 0.99 0.99 0.99 - correction coefficient K：Total system output 0.77 0.77 0.77 0.77 0.77 0.77 0.77 0.77 0.77 0.77 0.77 0.77 - coefficient Ep： Assumed 51,003 51,105 59,393 38,748 53,684 48,956 55,771 60,359 59,643 58,078 49,251 48,082 654,073 output power [kWh] Source: JICA Study team
4) Consideration of the impact of PV generated power toward the distribution grid In case of Japan, it is essential to comply with the guideline such as grid interconnection guideline, or ministerial ordinance of technical standard for electrical equipment to avoid any negative impact on the equipment of general electricity utilities. The technical requirement for the project, therefore, should be confirmed applying the above mentioned regulations as well. As the project plans to install the lithium-ion battery system to minimize the effect of voltage fluctuation, as well as to avoid the flow of reverse power toward the power grid, the effect of the system toward the distribution grid will be avoided in general. Looking ahead to the guidelines for the interconnection of distributed power generator to the power grid, which is expected to be established in the future, it is practical to examine the impact for the system, if connected. The potential impacts from large scale distributed generators typically include “frequency” and “voltage” variations, in general. But the impact on frequency will be very limited, if some small capacity such as a 0.4MW solar PV system is connected to the grid, which is more than 100MW. Focus will only be on the impact of the system on the voltage. Figure 2.2.27shows the whole structure of distribution line to which the CARICOM Secretariat Headquarters building is interconnected.
Source: JICA Study team Figure 2.2.27 Wholes structure of D/L for CARICOM building
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The simulation of the impact on the voltage will be conducted by the simulation application called “CALDG” which has developed by the Central Research Institute of Electric Power Industry (CRIEPI) in Japan.
＜Basic configuration for CALDG＞
Table 2.2-39 Basic configuration for CALDG items Setting value note Grid capacity 10[MVA] - Frequency 60[Hz] - Primary side basic voltage 69,000[V] - of substation Secondary side basic 13,800[V] - voltage of substation Positive phase reactance 0.04753[p.u.] - of substation Low voltage 120[V] Single phase 120/240V Program control 13,800[V] - Power Grid load 0.90 - factor PV system 0.90 - Source: JICA Study team
＜The simulation model for trunk line＞ ・The simulation model for the distribution line (D/L) was created using data provided by GPL D/L(SOPHIA B4F2）. ・The conductor specification and the parameter have been described in the table below. ・The unit for the conductor is [km]. ・The scattered loads at the branch lines are assumes to be concentrated at the connection point of branch line and trunk line. ・The branch including the airport will be individually modelized, because the influence of voltage fluctuation to this branch is assumed to be large.
CARICOM
65kVA CARICOM： 2747.5kVA 2132.5kVA 75kVA 25kVA 750kW 500kVA 4424kVA 292.5kVA 700kVA 525kVA 50kVA 940kVA
0.78 0.42 0.28 0.08 0.03 0.08 0.10 0.11 0.48 0.14 0.08 0.29 0.17 0.10 0.05 S/S Ａ
Area1 Area２ Area3 Area4 Area5 Area6 Area7 Area8 Area9 Area10 Area11 Area12 Area13 Area14 Area15
940kVA 625kVA 25kVA 75kVA 25kVA 30kVA 50kVA 550kVA 25kVA 100kVA 75kVA 500kVA
0.40 0.14 0.18 0.03 0.10 0.02 0.11 0.02 0.07 0.12 0.04 0.10 0.08 0.03 0.04 Ａ Ｂ
Area15 Area16 Area17 Area18 Area19 Area20 Area21 Area22 Area23 Area24 Area25 Area26 Area27 Area28 Area29 Area30
Branch 1 (Connect to the airport)
1547.5kVA 475kVA 280kVA 25kVA 400kVA 25kVA 125kVA 325kVA 25kVA 125kVA 300kVA
0.25 0.04 0.03 0.07 0.10 0.04 0.02 0.06 0.08 0.02 0.06 0.05 0.06 0.24 0.13 Ｂ Ｃ
Area30 Area31 Area32 Area33 Area34 Area35 Area36 Area37 Area38 Area39 Area40 Area41 Area42 Area43 Area44 Area45
300kVA 900kVA 275kVA 1015kVA 710kVA 75kVA 50kVA 2125kVA 100kVA 50kVA 525kVA 25kVA 125kVA
0.06 0.31 0.03 0.16 0.17 0.05 0.06 0.11 0.07 0.02 0.16 0.03 0.05 0.10 Ｃ Area45 Area46 Area47 Area48 Area49 Area50 Area51 Area52 Area53 Area54 Area55 Area56 Area57 Area58 Area59 Source: JICA Study team Figure 2.2.28 Simulation model for trunk line
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Table 2.2-40 Conductor specification and the parameter Positive phase Positive phase Resistance Line Conductor reactance capacitance [Ω/km] ＜電線線種＞ [Ω/km] [μF/km] Tulip Tulip170sq 170sq 0.1686 0.4117 0 Oxlip Oxlip100sq 100sq 0.2680 0.4334 0 Poppy Poppy50sq 50sq 0.5380 0.4597 0 Aphis Aphis 22sq 1.0900 0.4794 0 Ant Ant 50sq 0.5440 0.4601 0 Source: JICA Study team
＜The simulation model for the branch line including airport＞ ・The branch line included the airport named “Area25 Branch 1” has created individually. ・The branch lines with more than 2 areas will be described. ・The scattered loads at each branch line which has more than two spans are assumes to be concentrated at the connection point of main branch line.
Branch 1 (Connect to the airport)
Area25
0.19
50kVA 50kVA 25kVA 25kVA 25kVA 50kVA 50kVA 175kVA 50kVA 100kVA 50kVA 167.5kVA
0.10 0.28 0.06 0.07 0.03 0.17 0.21 0.27 0.32 0.13 0.06 0.06 0.06 0.35 0.07 0.14 0.04
Area25-1 Area25-2 Area25-3 Area25-4 Area25-5 Area25-6 Area25-7 Area25-8 Area25-9 Area25-10 Area25-11 Area25-12 Area25-13 Area25-14 Area25-15 Area25-16 Area25-17 Area25-18
75kVA 0.00 0.00 0.07
0.04 Area25-7-1 Area25-11-1 Area25-15-1 Area25-15-2
150kVA 0.00 0.18
0.07 Area25-7-2 Area25-11-2 Area25-11-3
100kVA 167.5kVA 0.00 0.00
0.09 0.05 0.12 0.01 Area25-7-3 Area25-11-3 Area25-11-4 Area25-11-5 Area25-11-6 Area25-11-7
100kVA 50kVA 75kVA 15kVA 50kVA 0.13
0.07 0.04 0.23 0.03 Area25-7-4 Area25-7-5 Area25-7-6 Area25-7-7 Area25-7-8
Source: JICA Study team Figure 2.2.29 The simulation model for the branch line including airport
＜4 cases of simulation＞ ・The voltage fluctuation will be evaluated whether it is within the regulated value or not by creating 4 cases of simulation patterns with variation of three parameters: Load pattern: 2014 (Actual) or 2020 (Projection) Day pattern: Week days or Holiday PV capacity pattern: 0kW, 200kW, 500kW, 1,000kW, 5,000kW
Table 2.2-41 Simulation patterns Load pattern for Program control Week days or PV capacity Case the Year value [V] Holiday variation [kW] 1 2014 13,800 Week days 5 patterns 2 2014 13,800 Holiday （0、200、500、 3 2020 13,800 Week days 1,000、5,000） 4 2020 13,800 Holiday Source: JICA Study team
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＜How to evaluate＞ ・Confirm that the analyzed voltage value is within ± 5% of the basic voltage (13,800 V). ※13,110 V～14,490 V
Table 2.2-42 Evaluation value of voltage Voltage[V] Remark Standard voltage ×110%（Instant voltage variation） 15,180 Standard voltage×105% 14,490 Upper limited Standard voltage 13,800 Standard voltage×95% 13,110 Lower limited Standard voltage×90%（Instant voltage variation） 12,420 Source: JICA Study team
＜The result of the simulation＞ a) Case 1 ・The voltage drop has controlled gradually when the PV output has increased. ・The voltage drop has been within the regulated value. ・The maximum voltage drop time is around 19:00 and the voltage drop value was 13,133.8 V.
Table 2.2-43 Simulation result （ Case 1） Load Setting Week days or Voltage Case PV capacity[kW] Year value[V] Holiday deviation 1 2014 13,800 Week days 0, 200, 500, 1,000, 5,000 No deviation Source: JICA Study team
Source: JICA Study team Figure 2.2.30 Result of CALDG (case 1)
b) Case 2 ・The voltage drop was controlled gradually when the PV output increased. ・The voltage drop was within the regulated value. ・The maximum voltage drop time is around 19:00 and the voltage drop value was 13,128.5 V.
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Table 2.2-44 Simulation result（Case 2） Load Setting Week days or Voltage Case PV capacity[kW] Year value[V] Holiday deviation 2 2014 13,800 Holiday 0, 200, 500, 1,000, 5,000 No deviation Source: JICA Study team
Source: JICA Study team Figure 2.2.31 Result of CALDG （Case 2）
c) Case 3 ・The voltage drop was controlled gradually when the PV output increased. ・The voltage drop exceeded the regulated value at all time zone. ・The maximum voltage drop time is around 19:00 and the voltage drop value was 12,748.8 V. ・The minimum voltage was lower than lower limited value by 361.2 V.
Table 2.2-45 Simulation Result（Case 3） Load Setting Week days or Voltage Case PV capacity[kW] Year value[V] Holiday deviation 3 2020 13,800 Weekday 0, 200, 500, 1,000, 5,000 Deviation Source: JICA Study team
Source: JICA Study team Figure 2.2.32 Result of CALDG（Case 3）
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d) Case 4 ・The voltage drop was controlled gradually when the PV output increased. ・The voltage drop exceeded the lower regulated value at all time zone except the output was 5,000 kW. ・The voltage deviation didn’t occur during the 8AM to 15PM time zone. ・The maximum voltage drop time zone is around 19:00 and the voltage drop value was 12,743.2 V. ・The minimum voltage value was lower than lower limited value by 366.8 V.
Table 2.2-46 Simulation Result（Case 4） Load Setting Week days or Voltage Case PV capacity[kW] Year value[V] Holiday deviation 4 2020 13,800 Holiday 0, 200, 500, 1,000, 5,000 Deviation Source: JICA Study team
Source: JICA Study team Figure 2.2.33 Result of CALDG（Case 4）
Regarding the result of Case 3 and 4, The Case 5 and 6 have been added.
Table 2.2-47 Case 5 and 6（5, 6） Week days or Case Load Year Setting value[V] PV capacity[kW] Holiday 5 2020 13,800 + 362 Week days 5 Case (0, 200, 500, 1,000, 5,000) 6 2020 13,800 + 362 Holiday Source: JICA Study team
e) Case 5 ・The voltage drop was controlled gradually when the PV output increased. ・The voltage deviation didn’t occur at all time zones. ・The maximum voltage drop time zone is around 19:00 and the voltage drop value was 13,142.2 V. ・The minimum voltage value was lower than lower limited value by 366.8 V.
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Table 2.2-48 Simulation Result（Case5） Load Setting Week days or Voltage Case PV capacity[kW] Year value[V] Holiday deviation 5 2020 14,162 Week days 0、200、500、1,000、5,000 No deviation Source: JICA Study team
Source: JICA Study team Figure 2.2.34 Result of CALDG（Case 5）
f) Case6 ・The voltage drop was controlled gradually when the PV output increased. ・The voltage deviation didn’t occur at all time zones. ・The maximum voltage drop time zone is around 19:00 and the voltage drop value was 13,142.3 V. ・The minimum voltage value was lower than lower limited value by 366.8 V.
Table 2.2-49 Simulation Result（Case 6） Load Setting Week days or Voltage Case PV capacity[kW] Year value[V] Holiday deviation 6 2020 14,162 Holiday 0, 200, 500, 1,000, 5,000 No deviation Source: JICA Study team
Source: JICA Study team Figure 2.2.35 Result of CALDG（Case 6）
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From the result of CALDG simulation, the voltage fluctuation can be summarized as below: ・The PV system would contribute to reduce the voltage drop and it can be able to interconnect PV system up to 5,000 kW if the sending voltage from substation has adjusted. ・When the sending voltage isn’t properly adjusted along with the increase of the future load, there is a risk of exceeding the lower voltage limit.
5) Consideration of synchronization with stand-by generator of CARICOM main building CARICOM Secretariat building has stand-by diesel generator with capacity of 750 kVA. In case of the blackout incidences, occurring due to power grid system failures, the stand-by diesel generator starts generating power within 40 seconds and powers the entire CARICOM Secretariat Headquarters building. Upon the restoration of grid power, the diesel generator switches over automatically from the diesel generator to GPL power, without any blackout. It is indispensable to synchronize the sequence between the stand-by diesel generator and solar PV power systems. To avoid the requirement for a complicated system control, the system will not be designed to provide electricity from the solar PV system without the grid. In case of grid power failure, the power to the Secretariat Headquarters shall be supplied by the stand-by diesel generator, and the PV system supplies the supplemental power. Therefore, the PV system will be disconnected immediately whenever the power grid stops providing the power supply; the PV system will get back online with time difference after several minutes and detect the synchronization after the power grid has restored.
(3) Outline of entire project Figure 2.2.36 describe the exterior of the whole system. The figure shows the case of utilizing Area 1 and Area 2 based on the discussion between the CARICOM Secretariat and JICA Study team. The outline of the project is discussed based on the preconditions mention at section (1).
Source：JICA study Team Figure 2.2.36 Appearance of PV system arranged at front yard of CARICOM building
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1) Applicable Standards The design or manufacturing standards or specification adopted in the project are below: - Japan Industrial Standard（JIS） -Japanese Electrotechnical Committee（JEC） -Standards of the Japan Electrical Manufacturers’ Association （JEM） -Japanese Cable Makers’ Association Standard （JCS） -International Electrotechnical Commission（IEC） -International Organization for Standardization （ISO） - The ministerial ordinance that establishes technical standards concerning electrical equipment
2) Design of skeleton and equipment layout a) Skeleton ・The connection point of the PV system shall be the secondary side of the GPL’s transformers which steps down the voltage from 13.8 kV to 415 V with three phase 4 wiring configuration. ・The total output from PV system is DC 400 kW and the output from each PV panels shall be put into together at collecting boxes, converted to AC current, stepped up to 415 V by the step-up transformer and interconnected at the low voltage main distribution board. ・The output from storage battery shall be ±400 kW and the output shall be converted to AC current, stepped up to 415 V by the step-up transformer and interconnected at the low voltage main board. The capacity of storage battery shall be at least 150 kWh. ・The storage battery and the power conditioner shall be placed inside the container with air conditioners, and the power supply shall be provided from inside of the container. The UPS system shall be equipped in case the blackout occurs and the system needs to transition to stand-by mode safely.
b) Equipment layout ・The location of PV system shall be inside the area of CARICOM Secretariat Headquarters building. ・Considering the latitude and longitude of the CARICOM Secretariat Headquarters building are 6°47′24″N、58°09′36″W respectively, The inclination of the PV panels should be between 10° North and 10° South to get the at most power output. ・The layout of the PV panels are described in Figure 2.2.37 and the ground mounted type PV panels shall be installed at Area 1, the carport mounted type PV panels shall be installed at Area 2. ・Considering the potential for heavy rains and flood water, the height of the electrical equipment from the ground level shall be at least 30 cm. ・The cables from PV panels to the connection boxes or collecting boxes shall be basically wired on the ground inside the trough or conduit, though the cables in front of the entrance gate shall be undergrounded. ・All the equipment for the PV system and the storage battery system shall be put into the containers separately to minimize the total size. The length of the containers is around 20 feet long. ・The location of the boost transformers are described in Appendix 9-3. ・The connection boxes or collecting boxes shall be located around the center of the connected PV panels and avoid the direct sunshine to restrain the temperature raise.
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Source: JICA Study team Figure 2.2.37 Layout of PV panels
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(4) Equipment and materials design 1) Procurement of Equipment and materials and construction work plan
Table 2.2-50 Main equipment and materials for PV system No. Equipment and materials Quantity Local Japan DAC 1 PV panels Above 400 kW ○ 1 set（common use for PV system and storage battery 2 Power conditioner system system）or 2 sets（Separate ○ use for PV system and storage battery system） 3 Lithium-ion storage battery Above 150kWh ○ Low voltage distribution board 4 1 set ○ with switch gear 5 Connection box 24 sets ○ 6 Collecting box 4 sets ○ Boost transformer (Step-up 2 sets 7 ○ transformer) （1 set for common use） 8 Ground mounted type PV frame 1 set（For 280kW） ○ 9 Carport mounted type PV frame 1 set（For 120kW） ○ 10 Measurement equipment 1 set ○ Wiring materials, Grounding 11 1 set ○ materials 12 Underground materials 1 set ○ Service part, Inspection goods, 13 1 set ○ Maintenance kids DAC countries（USA, France, Germany, GB, Japan, Italy, Spain, Holland, Sweden, Canada, Norway, Denmark, Switzerland, Australia, New Zealand, Portugal, Austria, Finland, Belgium, Ireland, South Korea） Source: JICA Study team
The construction duration is below: ・Preparation work (Land development) 1.5 months ・Foundation work (Frames set up) 2.0 months ・Installation work 5.0 months ・Inspection, adjustment, trial operation 2.0 months ・Initial operation guidance 0.33 months
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2) Specification of the main equipment a) PV panel
Table 2.2-51 Specification of PV panels No. Item Specification 1 Standard IEC61215 or JIS C 8990 2 Usage environment Salty area JIS C 8917 3 Temperature Not exceeding +40℃ 4 Configuration Ground mounted type and carport roof-top type 5 type Crystal silicon based 6 Module efficiency More than 12% 7 Maximum output More than 250W Source: JICA Study team
・The PV panels shall provide the rated output for minimum of 10 years under conditions mentioned. （The expected life span of PV panel is generally around 25 years. It is desired to select the panel performing equivalent to it, if it is selectable.） ・The PV panels shall comply with JIS C 8917 to withstand the voltage and insulation tests. ・The compliance must be certified by at least one recognized laboratory or institution. The evidence document of certification shall be submitted at the tender with technical documents. ・The surface of the PV panels shall be processed to avoid the diffused reflection of the sunlight. ・The following information shall be provided on each panels: - Manufacturer’s name - Module serial number - Type of module - Nominal power at STC ・Each panels shall be labeled with the minimum guaranteed output in Watt (max or peak) and the maximum output voltage and current shall also be indicated as well.
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b) Power conditioner for PV system and storage battery system
Table 2.2-52 Specification of power conditioner No. Item Specification 1 Configuration Indoor vertical self-support type 2 Temperature, Humidity Not exceeding +40℃, more than 70% 3 Main circuit type Self-commutation voltage type 4 Switching type High frequency PWM 5 Insulation type Commercial frequency insulated transformer 6 Cooling type Forced-air cooling 7 Rated input voltage String maximum output voltage Between String maximum output voltage and 8 Input voltage range rated open circuit voltage 9 Input nos of circuit More than nos of collecting boxes 10 Output power type Three phase 3 wire 11 Rated power output More than 400 kW 12 Rated input voltage Depends on the design (No more than 750 V) 13 Rated output voltage Depends on the design 14 Rated Frequency 60 Hz Less than 5% for total harmonic current、Less 15 AC output current distortion rate than 3%for each range harmonic current Maximum Power Point Tracking control 16 Power control type (MPPT)、Power factor control（1～0.85） 17 Rated power conversion rate More than 90% - Automatic start/stop, Soft star - Automatic voltage regulator（phase-advance operation control） 18 Control function - Input current control, Output current control - Output power control （ Controlled with External signal） - Over voltage, Under voltage - Over frequency, Under frequency 19 Protection relay for interconnection - Time sequent restoration - Individual operation detector （Active type、Passive type ）, and lockable - Signal contents (status, defect, measurement) 20 External communication - Input-output type（Ethernet） Source: JICA Study team
c) Storage battery
Table 2.2-53 Specification of storage battery No. Item Specification 1 Type Lithium-ion 2 Nos of Cell Depends on the design 3 Direct Current Less than 750 V Source: JICA Study team
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d) Low voltage distribution board (LVDB) with switch gear
Table 2.2-.54 Specification of LVDB No. Item Specification 1 Standard JEM1265、JIS C 8201-2-1 2 Main breaker switch MCCB 4P 1200 AF/1000 AT 3 Nos of Distribution Depends on the design board 4 Direct Current Less than 750 V Source: JICA Study team
e) Connection box
Table 2.2-55 Specification of connection box No. Item Specification 1 Configuration Outdoor wall-mounted type 2 Usage environment Salty area Temperature, 3 Not exceeding +40℃, more than 70% Humidity Maximum impute 4 More than each open circuit voltage of string voltage 5 Nos of Input circuit More than nos of connecting sub-array 6 Input current More than rated short circuit current of one module 7 Nos of output current One - Distribution circuit breaker : Nos of circuit - Back flow preventing diode：Each string 8 Built-in equipment - Protection element for inductive lighting：Between all the input-output lines and earthing lines Source: JICA Study team
f) Collecting box
Table 2.2-56 Specification of collecting box No. Item Specification 1 Configuration Outdoor wall-mounted type 2 Usage environment Salty area 3 Temperature, Humidity Not exceeding +40℃、more than 70% 4 Maximum input voltage More than each open circuit voltage of string 5 Nos of Input circuit More than nos of connecting boxes 6 Input current More than output current of connecting box 7 Nos of output current One - Distribution circuit breaker : Nos of circuit 8 Built-in equipment - Protection element for inductive lighting：Between all the input-output lines and earthing lines Source: JICA Study team
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g) Boost transformer
Table 2.2-.57 Specification of boost transformer No. Item Specification 1 Configuration Outdoor type 2 Usage environment Salty area 3 Rated Output More than 400 kVA 4 Primary side voltage 3 phase 4 wire AC 415 V 5 Secondary side voltage 3 phase 3 wire AC 200 V 6 Frequency 60 Hz 7 Insulation grade Type B 8 Connection type Y-Δ 9 Tap changer 3 tap at primary side Source: JICA Study team
h) Specification of PV panel’s frame
Table 2.2-58 Specification of PV panel’s frame No. Item Specification 1 Support type Steel frame 2 Usage environment Salty area Hot dip galvanizing（JIS H 8641 grade HDZ45 or equal 3 Material to them） Source: JICA Study team
・The strength of the frame of the panel comply JIS C 8955 (2004) ・The solid of construction area may be very soft and it is assumed to be uneven settlement, so the pile driving or soil improvement shall be selected.
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i) Measurement equipment
Table 2.2-59 Specification of measurement equipment No. Item Specification Ⅰ. Solar radiation meter 1 Standard ISO9060 Second class 2 Sensibility 6-8 (mV/W/m2) Ⅱ. Thermometer 1 Type Resistance thermometer bulb Pt100 Ω 4 wires 2 Configuration Covered with simple shelter 3 Temperature range -40℃～+60℃ Ⅲ. Meteorological converter box 1 Configuration Outdoor wall-mounted type 2 Material SPHC steel plate Solar radiation meter(0～10 mV)、 3 Input signal Thermometer (Pt100 Ω) 4 Output signal 4～20 mA × 2 5 Power source AC 120 V Data converter for solar radiation, data converter for 6 Built-in equipment thermometer, circuit breaker, inductive lighting protector Source: JICA Study team
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j) Wiring materials
Table 2.2-60 Specification of wiring materials No. Item Specification Ⅰ. Module to Connection Box 1 Standard JIS, JEC, JEM, NEC or equal to them 2 Type CV 3 Size 3.5 mm2 Ⅱ. Connection box to Collecting Box 1 Standard JIS, JEC, JEM, NEC or equal to them 2 Type 600V CV 3 Size 5.5 mm2 Ⅲ. Collecting box to Power conditioner system 1 Standard JIS, JEC, JEM, NEC or equal to them 2 Type 600 V CV-2C 3 Size 100 mm2 Ⅳ. Power conditioner system to boost transformer 1 Standard JIS, JEC, JEM, NEC or equal to them 2 Type 600 V CV-1C 3 Size 325 mm2 × 9 Ⅴ. Boost transformer to New low voltage distribution board 1 Standard JIS, JEC, JEM, NEC or equal to them 2 Type 600 V CV-1C 3 Size 250 mm2 × 12 Ⅵ. New low voltage distribution board to new MCB panel 1 Standard JIS, JEC, JEM, NEC or equal to them 2 Type 600 V CV-1C 3 Size 250 mm2 × 8 Ⅶ. New MCB panel to existing distribution board 1 Standard JIS, JEC, JEM, NEC or equal to them 2 Type 600 V CV-1C 3 Size 250 mm2 × 12 Ⅷ. Power conditioner system to meteorological converter box, display system 1 Standard JIS, JEC, JEM, NEC or equal to them 2 Type Depends on system design 3 Size Depends on system design Ⅸ. Earthing materials 1 Standard JIS, JEC, JEM, NEC or equal to them 2 Type 600 V IV 3 Size 3.5 mm2 4 Others Earthing copper plate, earthing bar, earthing terminal, connecter Source: JICA Study team
Please refer to the Appendix 9-5 which is the list of electrical materials assumed to be procured in Japan.
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k) Underground materials
Table 2.2-61 Specification of underground materials No. Item Specification Ⅰ. Protecting material for underground 1 Standard JIS, JEC, JEM, NEC or equal to them 2 Type Corrugated hard synthetic resin pipe 3 Others Buried material display tape, buried material display sign Ⅱ. Hand hole 1 Type Cast-in –place reinforced concrete（FC21） 2 Size 900 × 900 × 1,200 mm 3 Others Steel cover（φ600） Source: JICA Study team
(5) Disaster preventing design 1) Fire prevention ・The leak oil reservoir shall be installed to prevent outflow from the area in case the oil leakage occurs from the oil filled transformers. ・The storage battery shall be stored in the metal frame, and the metal frame shall be stored inside the container.
2) Fire extinguish measure ・The container shall be equipped with fire detector and automatic fire alarm system ・Each container shall be equipped with two (2) fire extinguishers inside and one (1) outside.
(6) Lightning resistance design ・The surge absorber or any other protective device shall be attached at the AC input of interconnection inverter . ・DC circuit shall be equipped with surge absorber or any other protective device inside the connection box.
(7) Earthing design ･The earthing shall be shared with the earthing of the frame of the panels, and the panels and frames shall be connected by volts and nuts used as earthing path. ・The earthing wires of the frames shall be collected to the nearest connection box, and each frames shall be connected each other by using two IV5.5mm wires. ・The water draining sleeves shall be connected at the middle of junction wires to the container to prevent the water getting into the container.
(8) Wind resistant design ・Hurricane-level wind is not expected in Guyana. ・The strength of the frame of the panels shall comply with the standard JIS C 8955 and the guideline established in Jan 30th 2017 in Japan. The wind speed will be categorized as normal area and the maximum instant wind speed for design is selected as 30 [m/s].
(9) Salty preventing design ・The configuration of the PV panel shall apply a sealing structure or be covered with salt preventing films ・The frames for the ground mounted type panels and carport roof-mounted type panels shall
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be galvanized, and the thickness shall be at least those of stipulated in JIS H 8641 or painted with equal performance. ・The containers shall be covered with aluminum surface plate and salt prevent paint. ・The paint coating shall be the one for seashore area.
(10) Noise prevention design ・The noise from power conditioner shall be prevented by locating them inside the container.
(11) Control, Protection relay 1) Protection relay equipment ・The specification for the protection relay equipment shall follow the checklist of guideline to interconnect the distributed power source system at super high voltage grid system in Japan. ・The action of the protection relay in case of emergency shall comply with the “Protection coordination consideration” stipulated in the guideline in Japan. 2) Control and display function for the PV system, storage battery system ・The control and display function shall be set up in the container.
2-2-5 Basic plan for the BEMS introduction to CARICOM Secretariat (1) Precondition for the BEMS introduction Before settling on the basic plan, following points will be carefully considered.
1) Instruction by JICA ・Optimum design shall be done through the economical evaluation results of BEMS in terms of energy conservation and system operation. Before the determination of the design, overall energy audit shall be conducted investigating the situation of energy consumption and conservation in CARICOM Secretariat building. ・Energy conservation model for the public buildings with BEMS installation shall be created including the introduction of or replacement to energy efficient equipment, through the consideration of sections and equipment which have high energy conservation potentials. ・Multi-regional cooperation model shall be reflected on the project plan and the effect of the model shall be maximized by integrating the superiority of the Japanese products and the project scheme.
2) Requirements from CARICOM Secretariat (after the 1st survey mission) ・Number of electrical measuring points shall be determined to be able to identify each electric consumption amount for each Quadrant and each purpose. ・Environmental measurement shall consist of air temperature and humidity and measuring points shall be multiple points for each Quadrant. Also outdoor measuring point shall be added. ・General control function shall be applied to the 30t AC unites as they are the major energy consuming equipment, and also include the following 2 functions. - Saving control during the time of power outage - Remote control from outside the building to prevent overtime-operations after business hours
(2) Outline of the BEMS basic plan To settle on the basic plan for the BEMS introduction project, the following steps have been taken through 2 survey missions. 【STEP1】Survey of the outline of the facility and energy consumption
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【STEP2】Survey of the replacement plan for the energy consuming equipment 【STEP3】Determination of measuring points and equipment to be controlled 【STEP4】Determination of BEMS functions The survey results of the above steps are shown as follows.
1) 【STEP1】Survey of the outline of the facility and energy consumption The survey results of the facility is shown below on the table. This facility, CARICOM Secretariat building, is categorized as a “medium size building” and requires the technical consideration of the measuring point size that should be appropriate for the building size. The actual value of electric power demand will be estimated as 10% less than the monitored value by GPL. Because the GPL demand is measured at the primary side of the GPL transformers and includes transformer loss. In addition, the duration for determining the demand is not disclosed.
Table 2.2-62 Outline of the CARICOM Secretariat building ITEM Survey results Building ・RC 2 Floor Total floor space: 6,182 ㎡ Structure ・Main building (2 story) and Plant Room Building (located at west side of the Main building, single-story) ・4 Quadrants (office area) on each floor ・Cross-shape aisles between Quadrants Electric Facility ・GPL transformer room and main electric room inside the PLANT Room Building ・Electric distribution panel room locate on each floor ・4 AC electric panels located outside the building ・Distribution Voltage: 415/240 V 3φ4 W Electric ・Electric power demand: 507 kW (2017/2) Power ・Consumed electric power:1,321,443 kWh/year (FY2016) Consumption Source: JICA Study team
At first we evaluated the total load curve and the load profile based on the several data (15 minutes measuring) provided by CARICOM and actual measurement during the 1st survey mission. A sample of the monthly load curve is shown in Figure 2.2.38. As shown in this figure, every Monday load amount is relatively larger than other week days to reduce the accumulated heat during the previous weekend. This situation is quite similar to the summer-time situation in Japan. A sample of detailed daily load curve is shown in Figure 2.2.39. This figure shows the daily load is generated between 7:30 to 21:30 and added on the base load, which is estimated to be around 40kW and mainly generated by the server room operated 24 hours and parking lightings.
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Source: JICA Study team Figure 2.2.38 Monthly Load Curve (2017/6)
Source: JICA Study team Figure 2.2.39 Daily Load Curve (2017/6/5)
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As for the detailed load profile of the building, we actually measured the electric power of 59 circuits during the peak hours. The result of the measurement is shown in table 2.2-63 which is summarized into each energy use category. From this result, taking some countermeasures for reducing AC energy consumption is inevitable because the AC energy consumption accounts more than 70% of total energy due to the tropical climate conditions.
Table 2.2-63 Detailed load profile (2017/7/11) Measured Category Distribution Panel Percentage Power EACP 62.97 kW 15.9%
EACP1 67.26 kW 17.0% AC WACP 63.50 kW 16.1% 71.8% WACP1 66.28 kW 16.8% MNCACP 23.72 kW 6.0%
MBGFLP 35.62 kW 9.0% Lighting 15.8% MBFFLP 26.84 kW 6.8% Computer MBCP 18.73 kW 4.7% 4.7% MBOP 6.92 kW 1.8% Outlet 5.6.% MBDPO 15.06 kW 3.8% (Unknown) ***** 5.60 kW 1.4% 1.4% Pump DP 2.42 kW 0.6% 0.6% Total 394.9 kW 100% 100% Source: JICA Study team
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2) 【STEP2】Survey of the replacement plan for the energy consuming equipment Renewable and Energy Efficiency Technical Assistance (REETA) Project supported by GIZ (Deutsche Gesell-schaft fur Inter-natio-nale Zusam-men-arbeit) has been executed in CARICOM Secretariat. Energy conservation program has been also conducted by CARICOM facility management team supported by the REETA project team and the progress status of the program is show in table2.2-64.
Table 2.2-64 Progress status of the energy conservation program Category Countermeasure Detail Status Reduction of temperature AC Air flow adjustment done desperation Air volume increase returning to AC Repair for air leakage done AHU Limitation of AC usage after AC Limitation at 18:00～7:30 done business hours Elimination of AC air flow to 2nd AC Adjustment of air valve done floor atrium ceiling Elimination of AC air leakage AC Sealing leakage points done from Quadrants 30t AC replacement to high Replacement to YORK YD360 AC done efficiency type (2016) PV Introduction of PV system (expected JICA project) none Lighting Replacement to LED lighting Planned replacement underway Fan replacement to heat recovery AC Heat recovery at washroom fan none type Temperature adjustment of Setting change from 74°F to AC done thermostat 75°F Limitation of AC usage at AC Operation hours 11:00～14:00 done backyard spaces Introduction of energy Management (expected JICA project) none management system (BEMS) Replacement from 2ch type to AC Thermostat replacement none 4ch (planned in 2107) Reduction of AC usage after AC Introduction of portable AC none business hours Individual AC for Secretary Reduction of AC usage after AC none General room business hours Source: JICA Study team
According to the above energy conservation program, the introduction of PV system and BEMS is to be expected in the JICA project and Replacement of 30t AC which could bring most significant effect in terms of energy conservation has already been done in 2016. Other conservation countermeasures should be quantitatively evaluated after the introduction of BEMS because cost-effectiveness of each undone measure cannot be identified without actual energy consumption data at this moment. Figure 2.2.40 shows the energy consumption record in CARICOM secretariat building after adopting above mentioned countermeasures. Considering that the seasonal temperature conditions do not differ significantly and some events affect somehow the energy consumption results, around 500 kWh monthly (5% annually) energy reduction has been accomplished and CARICOM secretariat has been archiving certain results.
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Source: JICA Study team Figure 2.2.40 Monthly Energy Consumption（2014/1～2017/5）
3) 【STEP3】Determination of measuring points and equipment to be controlled As described in STEP2, CARICOM secretariat has been conducting energy conservation investments according to their own annual investment plan. JICA mission team could not find any cost effective investment plans except for PV system and BEMS. Finally we concluded to just specify the details of the following 3 issues about BEMS functions based on the “preconditions”.
(1) Visualization of energy consumption (2) Energy saving control for main energy consuming equipment (3) Digital Signage function expecting educational effects
The first step is determination of the measuring points. During the site survey we actually measured 58 circuits in total, however these points are not enough to visualize overall shape of energy consumption according to the CARICOM requirements and future circuit expansion plan. Table 2.2-65 shows the final determination on the measuring points, 66 circuits in total, which enable the precise energy management for each Quadrant and each energy category.
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Table 2.2-65 Selection Result of Measuring Points Measuring Panel Category Circuits Location Name PV Generation PV Panel 1 PV PCS Room Battery Output (New) 1 Purchased ATS Panel 1 Power(GPL) Self-Generation ATS Panel 1 AC 5
Main Panel Room Lighting 2 Computer Main Panel 1 Outlet 2 Others 1 Pump 1 Lighting MBGFLP 5 Computer MBCP 8 GF Panel Room Outlet MBOP 9 AC GFWOP 7 FF Panel Room Lighting MBFFLP 5 EACP 4 EACP1 4 Outdoor Panel AC WACP 4 WACP1 4 Total 66 Source: JICA Study team
As for the climate condition measurement, the site survey result is shown in Figure 2.2.41. Main AC units are large package type which are quite popular in the US and provide cooled air to Quadrants separately through the AHU with evaporator. Cooled air provided to the Quadrant returns to the AHU through inside the ceiling space from the end of the quadrant. AC unites are installed at the east and west sides of the building (4units on each side) and provide cooled air to 8 Quadrants separately. After understanding the outline of AC system, climate condition measurement result shows that TEMP closer to the AHU are relatively low and high in the center area of the building. Maximum TEMP difference is about 2℃. To reduce the TEMP desperation, adjustment works for the air ducts have been already done, however full adjustment is difficult without the monitoring system. Considering the above conditions, 3 climate measuring points in each quadrant are strongly recommended to enable evaluating TEMP difference between “perimeter (window side)” and “interior (aisle side)” or between “AHU side” and “center side”. Finally 25 climate measuring points in total are determined including 1 outside measuring point.
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Source: JICA Study team Figure 2.2.41 Result of TEMP Measurement（2017/7/12）
4) 【STEP4】Determination of BEMS functions In this step we specified the BEMS functions appropriate for CARICOM Secretariat building considering 3 technical points of views described in the above section, which include (2) Energy saving control for main energy consuming equipment and (3) Digital Signage function expecting educational effects. Although there is no definition of BEMS functions in general, it is usually categorized into the following 3functions.
(1) Visualization (2) Equipment Control (3) Data analysis
At first we set up (1) & (3) functions through the several discussions with CARICOM Secretariat Energy Management Team. The result is shown in Table 2.2-66 as basic functions for the planned BEMS which also include the login function for security purpose.
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Table 2.2-66 Visualization and Analysis Functions of BEMS Function Category Detailed Functions Energy consumption comparison among “Quadrants” and others Energy usage profile(AC, Lighting, PC, Outlet, others) (1) Outline View Total energy consumption and PV generation Total purchased energy Climate condition (2) Analysis for each Analyzed chart for each energy category after selecting 1 location location out of 9 locations） (3) Analysis for each Analyzed chart for each location after selecting 1 energy Category energy category out of 5 categories） Free analysis chart after selecting data, timeline (1hour, 1day, (4) Free Analysis 1month), period. Free data download in Excel format after selecting data, timeline (1hour, 1day, 1 month), period (5) Data output Data download in Excel or CSV format required for daily report or monthly report Display 3 content sets described in Appendix 10-5 3 contents to be displayed cyclically, cyclic time can be set manually and basic data necessary for the contents can be set through the digital signage PC (6) Digital signage Pictures used for the background of the contents should be digital photos or movies which will be provided by CARICOM and those should be appropriately edited by the contractor Consultation with CARICOM about the above contents shall be required Source: JICA Study team
As a next step “(2) Energy saving control for main energy consuming equipment”, we concluded to control 8 large AC units which consume 70% of total energy consumption and conduct only On-Off control because they have no inverters in compressor power units. Each AC unit has 4 compressors and 4 stage operation is possible though the control signal from the thermostat. Specification outline of the AC Unit is shown in Table2.2-67. However upgrade of the thermostat from 2 stage old type to new 4 stage type has not yet conducted right now and we discussed whether the upgrade should be included in JICA project or not. Finally we concluded that the CARICOM Secretariat will be in charge of changing thermostats using annual CARICOM Secretariat investment budget.
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Table 2.2-67 Specification outline of 30t AC Unit Item Specification outline
Exterior view
Type：YORK YD360
Cooling 15 t × 2 Line（97.6 kW、131 HP） capacity Rated maximum 29.9kW power Efficiency COP 3.26 Coolant R-410A
Size L3264 × W2248 × H953 mm
Weight 844 kg Source: JICA Study team
Final determination of AC control functions is the following 4 functions. One of the functions will contribute to reduce “Electric Power Demand” in spite of “kWh”. However, the reduction effect brought from reduced demand can surely contribute to the new conservation investment.
a) Soft start function On-off operation of AC units are done manually at the beginning of business hours by facility management staffs. This manual operation might affect the morning peak demand. After introduction of PV system, this morning peak demand will be expected to represent the total demand. To reduce this expected morning demand peak, BEMS controls automatically the starting time and the cooling capacity using its scheduled operation function.
b) Limitation of cooling capacity during power outage In case of power outage in the GPL network, the self-generator will automatically start up after 40 seconds and provide entire power to the building. However this generator uses expensive fossil fuel and generates more CO2 emission. To reduce this effect, BEMS will automatically limit AC capacity by 1/2.
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c) Manual limitation of cooling capacity The eight Quadrants in the CARICOM Secretariat building support different roles and functions. Therefore the typical operation hours are different from one to the other. To reduce unwanted AC usage BEMS will have an individual operation function to set up On- off control and cooling capacity limitation to each AC unit.
d) Remote on-off operation Occasionally some Quadrants are used during public holidays and/or the week end. To respond to these occasions, facility management staff typically have to manually operate the AC units to provide cooling on such days, which sometimes result in extended cooling hours, beyond the occupancy hours of the building. To eliminate this and other energy wastage, due to unnecessary AC operation, remote on-off operation function is to be added to BEMS. To realize the above 4 functions, the control boards inside the AC units have to receive the control signals from BEMS server. For this purpose additional controller should be added between the thermostat and the AC control board. This additional controller will be installed inside the electric measuring panel together.
Source: JICA Study team Figure 2.2.42 Controller for 30t AC control
In addition to the AC control functions, battery control function will be added to BEMS server, while the battery itself is installed for stable operation of PV system. This function is to utilize surplus energy during weekend and conceptually provide battery power to 40 kW base load during after-business hours, as well as on weekends and public holidays. These used battery energy will be recharged during next daytime by PV system. Specifically facility management staffs can set up discharge operation of the battery through the BEMS server. The effect of this function affects only the reduction of purchased power from GPL and does not affect energy consumption amount in the building, however this effect will also contribute to the reduction of CO2 emission and should be included in the total effect of the BEMS.
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5) Image of planned BEMS The summery of the above studies into an image of the system is shown in Figure 2. 2.43.
Source: JICA Study team Figure 2.2.43 Overall image of planned BEMS
(3) Procurement and construction plan 1) Procurement and construction plan Equipment to be procured are described as follows. Also required specifications for each equipment are shown below.
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Table 2.2-68 Main equipment list for BEMS Local D From No. Equipment Quantity procure A JAPAN ment C Ⅰ. Software 1 BEMS software 1 set ○ 2 Digital signage software 1 set ○ 3 AC control software 1 set ○ Ⅱ. Hardware 1 Internet connection SW 1 set ○ 2 BEMS server 1 set ○ 3 Desktop PC 3 unit ○ 4 Digital signage display 1 unit ○ 5 Climate measuring panel 24 panels ○ Outdoor climate measuring 6 1 unit ○ panel 7 Climate data transducer panel 9 panels ○ 8 Climate data collection panel 1 panel ○ 9 Electric power measuring panel 7 panels ○ Electric power data collection 10 1 panel ○ panel 11 AC control panel 4 panels ○ 12 CT for current measurement 1 set ○ 13 Materials for cable works 1 set ○ Source: JICA Study team
Expected construction plans, considering the total volume of equipment and capabilities of the workers, are as follows. ・Installation 2.0 month ・Commissioning 0.5 month ・Initial instruction 0.5 month ・Operation training 0.25 month
2) Installation location and route Installation location and route inside CARICOM Secretariat facility based on the site survey are described as follows.
a) System configuration ・As shown in Appendix 10-1 b) Location and route ・As shown in Appendix 10-2 to 10-4 ・BEMS server shall be installed in the existing server rack inside the server room. ・New Panels to be installed inside the electric panel rooms shall be installed on the walls above the existing panels. ・AC control panels shall be outdoor type and installed backside of the existing outdoor
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panels. ・Wiring routes shall be basically inside the open spaces above the ceilings except for the specified routes.
3) Specifications of equipment a) Internet connection switches（for designated line） ・Internet connection switches to establish the designated communication line through the internet shall be installed and remote maintenance service shall be provided from JAPAN. Specifically VPN (Virtual Private Network) router shall be used to secure the complete confidentiality and security between Japan side and CARICOM side. This VPN can be proved to work equivalent to the Intranet. ・Internet connection itself and the required network equipment, such as ONU(optical network unit), shall be prepared by CARICOM, and the required VPN router and SW hub after this connecting point shall be prepared by JICA project. ・Communication specification shall be compliant with Giga Bit standard.
b) BEMS server ・BEMS server shall be duplexed servers and setting information and measured data shall be also duplexed through the RAID configuration or mirroring method. ・Specifications of the hardware shall meet the following specifications, however other hardware specifications specified by the BEMS software can be applicable. Basic software such as OS shall be also regulated by the BEMS software.
Table 2.2-69 Specification of BEMS server No. Equipment Required specification CPU：Intel Xeon Bronze 3104 (6 core/1.70 GHz/8.3 MB) equivalent or higher 1 BEMS server HDD：500 GB×2（RAID１）or higher Size：2 unit Power source：240 V Keyboard and display 2 Console unit Size；1 unit Power source：240 V Potable HDD for final backup or equivalent 3 Backup unit Power source：240 V Required accessory for the above equipment 4 Accessory including connection cables Source: JICA Study team
c) Desktop PC Equivalent or higher than the following specifications in Table 2.70
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Table 2.2-70 Specification of Desktop PC No. Equipment Required specification CPU：INTEL®Core™i3-6100 （3.70 GHz）equivalent or higher Memory: over 4 GB (DDR4 SDRAM DIMM CL15) HDD: over 320 GB 1 Desktop PC Monitor:20.7 inch (1920×1080) equivalent OS: Windows 10 Professional Mouse: USB type (Lazar Sensor) Power source：240 V Type：Inkjet 2 Color Printer Speed：10 pages/minute (Color・A4) or faster Print Size：A3 Size (Maximum) 3 Accessory Required accessory for the above equipment Source: JICA Study team
d) Digital signage display Equivalent or higher than the following specifications in Table 2.2-71
Table 2.2-71 Specification of Digital Signage Display No. Equipment Required specification Size：60 inch or larger Precision：HD or higher 1 Digital Signage Display Interface：D-SUB and HDMI Power source：240 V Required accessory for the above equipment 2 Accessory including installation attachment to the wall Source: JICA Study team
e) Climate measuring panel ・Small size panel with climate sensor inside shall meet the following specifications. ・Climate measuring system described from e) to g) is different in specification between manufacturers. Equivalent specifications can be allowed.
Table 2.2-72 Specification of Climate measuring panel No. Equipment Required specification Size: W200 mm × H200 mm × D100 mm or similar Climate measuring Panel：With air ducts to prevent TEMP difference 1 panel between outside and inside Material：Metal or Plastic TEMP range：0～60℃ TEMP accuracy: within 0.3℃ 2 Climate Sensor HUMIDITY range: 5～98% Humidity accuracy: within 3% (at 25℃) Output signal: 4～20 mA Required accessory for the above equipment 3 Accessory including connection cable to climate data transducer panel Source: JICA Study team
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f) Outdoor equipment with climate sensor ・Outdoor equipment with climate sensor inside shall meet the following specifications.
Table 2.2-73 Specification of Outdoor climate measuring panel No. Equipment Required specification To be outdoor type casing matched to the selected 1 Protection Case climate sensor to prevent any damages from rain and wind TEMP range：0～60℃ TEMP accuracy: within 0.3℃ 2 Climate Sensor HUMIDITY range: 5～98% Humidity accuracy: within 3% (at 25℃) Output signal: 4～20 mA Required accessory for the above equipment 3 Accessory including connection cable to climate data transducer panel Source: JICA Study team
g) Climate data transducer panel ・Wall mount type panel with climate data transducer which convert the output of the climate sensor into the climate data shall meet the following specifications.
Table 2.2-74 Specification of Climate data transducer panel No. Equipment Required specification Size:W400 mm × H300 mm × D200 mm or similar Climate data 1 Material：Metal transducer panel Paint Color：Mansell No to be designated afterward Input: 4～20 mA Input CH：4 CH 2 Data transducer Output：RS-485（Modbus compatible） Power source：240 V（including 24 V DC adaptor） Required accessory for the above equipment including 3 Accessory installation materials Source: JICA Study team
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h) Climate data collection panel ・Wall mount type panel with data collection equipment which gather the output of the Climate data transducer panel and transmit those date to the BEMS server shall meet the following specifications. This panel also shall include the SW hub which is connected to the Climate data transducer panels.
Table 2.2-75 Specification of Climate data collection panel No. Equipment Required specification Size：W500 mm × H400 mm × D300 mm or similar Climate data collection 1 Material：Metal panel Paint Color：Mansell No to be designated afterward Input：RS-485（Modbus compatible） Data collection 2 output：TCP/IP（Modbus compatible） equipment Power source：240 V Port：8 port 3 Switching Hub Power source：240 V Required accessory for the above equipment 4 Accessory including installation materials Source: JICA Study team
i) Electric power measuring panel ・Wall mount type panel with Multi Circuit Power Meters which can measure electric power of multiple circuits shall meet the following specifications. This panel will be 3 types according to the number of Multi Circuit Power Meters. ・Electric measuring system described from i) to k) is different in specification between manufacturers. Equivalent specifications can be allowed.
Table 2.2-76 Specification of Electric power measuring panel No. Equipment Required specification Size：W600 mm × H800 mm × D350 mm or similar Electric power 1 Material：Metal measuring panel Paint Color：Mansell No to be designated afterward Voltage measurement：１circuit 3φ4W AC86〜498 V （also providing power to the meter ） Current measurement：Max 4 circuits using 3CTs per circuit Multi Circuit Power Measured Values：Active power・Reactive power・ 2 Meter Voltage・Current・kWh Accuracy：equivalent to JIS normal meter Applicable CT：5～800 A Output：RS-485（Modbus compatible） Power source：3φ4W AC86〜498 V 50/60 Hz Required accessory for the above equipment including 3 Accessory installation materials Source: JICA Study team
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j) Electric power data collection panel ・Wall mount type panel with Electric power data collection equipment shall meet the following specifications.
Table 2.2-77 Specification of Electric power data collection panel No. Equipment Required specification Size：W600 mm × H800 mm × D350 mm or similar Electric power data 1 Material：Metal collection panel Paint Color：Mansell No to be designated afterward Voltage measurement：１circuit 3φ4W AC86〜498 V （also providing power to the meter ） Current measurement：Max 4 circuits using 3CTs per circuit Multi Circuit Power Measured Values：Active power・Reactive power・ 2 Meter Voltage・Current・kWh Accuracy：equivalent to JIS normal meter Applicable CT：5～800 A Output：RS-485（Modbus compatible） Power source：3φ4W AC86〜498 V 50/60 Hz Input：RS-485（Modbus compatible） Electric power data 3 output：TCP/IP（Modbus compatible） collection equipment Power source：240 V Required accessory for the above equipment including 4 Accessory installation materials Source: JICA Study team
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k) AC control panel ・Outdoor self-standing type panel which has the functions of electric measurement and AC control shall meet the following specifications.
Table 2.2-78 Specification of AC control panel No. Equipment Required specification Size：W600 mm × H1600 mm × D350 mm or similar 1 AC control panel Material：Metal Paint Color：Mansell No to be designated afterward Voltage measurement：１circuit 3φ4W AC86〜498 V （also providing power to the meter ） Current measurement：Max 4 circuits using 3CTs per circuit Multi Circuit Power Measured Values：Active power・Reactive power・ 2 Meter Voltage・Current・kWh Accuracy：equivalent to JIS normal meter Applicable CT：5～800 A Output：RS-485（Modbus compatible） Power source：3φ4W AC86〜498 V 50/60 Hz Programmable Logic Controller for 5CH ON/OFF AC control 3 Control equipment Power source：240 V Port：8 ports ： 4 Switching Hub Power source 240V Note: Stored on only one side among the two sides of east and west system, Required accessory for the above equipment including 5 Accessory installation materials Source: JICA Study team
l) CT for current measurement ・CT used for electric power measurement connected to Multi Circuit Power Meter. Appropriate current type should be selected from 5～800 A which suit for the measured circuit. ・Accuracy in case of using with Multi Circuit Power Meter shall be equivalent to JIS normal class standard.
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m) Materials for cable works ・Cables used for the communication lines between a）～m）equipment shall meet the requirement shown in table 2.2-79. ・Required number of core wires will differ at the locations. Appropriate number shall be selected at each location.
Table 2.2-79 Specification of Materials for cable works No. Equipment Required specification Type：CAT6 1 Ethernet Cable Note）To install considering water prevention at the underground installation section Type：Twist Pair Cable with shield 2 Communication Cable Note）To install considering water prevention at the underground installation section Source: JICA Study team
2-3 OUTLINE DESIGN DRAWING Table 2.3-1 Outline Design Drawing Appendix No. Title 1) Installation of Reactive power compensator at Canefield S/S Appendix 7-1 Single Line Diagram（Before Construction） Appendix 7-2 Single Line Diagram（After Construction） Appendix 7-3 Plan View Drawing （Before Construction） Appendix 7-4 Plan View Drawing （After Construction） Appendix 7-5 Cross Section Drawing（After Construction） 2) Improvement of distribution network Appendix 8-1 Area map for procurement of distribution equipment and materials Appendix 8-2 Onverwagt area route map Appendix 8-3 Onverwagt area block diagram Appendix 8-4 Sophia, Good Hope, GOE area route map Appendix 8-5 Map of target transformer position in Vreed-En-Hoop area 3) Installation of PV system to CARICOM Secretariat Appendix 9-1 Outline of CARICOM Secretariat building Appendix 9-2 Conceptual scheme of single line diagram Appendix 9-3 Ground plan of equipment Appendix 9-4 Conceptual scheme of control system Appendix 9-5 List of electrical materials for PV system 4）Installation of BEMS to CARICOM Secretariat Appendix 10-1 System configuration Appendix 10-2 Installation location and route（1）: Ground Floor Appendix 10-3 Installation location and route（2）: First Floor Appendix 10-4 Installation location and route（3）: Plant room Appendix 10-5 Digital Signage Screens Source: JICA Study Team
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2-4 IMPLEMENTATION PLAN
2-4-1 Implementation policy The Project will be implemented in accordance with Japan’s Grant Aid Scheme. Accordingly, the implementation will only take place after Project approval by the Government of Japan, the Exchange of Notes (E/N) between both governments. Basic issues and points to be noted in the process of implementing the Project are described as follows.
(1) Project implementation body GEA will be responsible for implementing the Project as the Guyana side. Also, GPL and CARICOM will participate in the Project implementation body as end users. In order to facilitate the Project, it is necessary for GEA, GPL and CARICOM to establish a collaborative organization for promoting business, close contacting and consulting with Japanese consultants and equipment suppliers. In addition, it is necessary for them to appoint planning managers responsible for the Project. To the Ministry of Public Infrastructure (MoPI), each staff of GEA, GPL, CARICOM, and residents of the planned area, the planning managers need to explain the content of the Project adequately, and to obtain cooperation with them.
(2) Consultant A Japanese Consultant will conclude a consulting services agreement with GEA and will provide detailed design and construction supervision for the Project to realize the planned procurement and installation of equipment and materials. The Consultant will also prepare tender documents and provide necessary assistance to GEA, the Project implementation body, for tender process. In particular, the consultant will be requested to plan, design, operate and manage the Project fully reflected intentions of end users GPL and CARICOM in addition to GEA, executing agency.
(3) Equipment Supplier In accordance with the framework of the Japan’s Grant Aid Scheme, a Japanese Contractor selected by the Guyana side through competitive tendering will carry out the procurement and installation of equipment and materials. As a matter of course, if it is supposed necessary that the Contract provide aftercare service including continuous supply of spare parts and an appropriate response to breakdowns even after completing the Project, the Contractor should provide adequate liaison and coordination after handing over relevant equipment and materials.
(4) Necessity for Dispatching Japanese Engineers There are a few contractors and electric engineering firms in Guyana, therefore, it is possible to place orders at local companies for onsite recruitment and procurement of workers. However, since this Project is a Grant Aid Project of Japan, it is necessary to comply with the quality and construction period and to carry out with sufficient safety control. In addition, considering that the reactive power compensator installed in the GPL and the BEMS equipment installed in CARICOM are all to be introduced in Guyana for the first time, engineers must be dispatched from Japan to ensure quality, technical guidance and schedule control.
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2-4-2 Implementation Conditions
(1) Effective Use of Local Equipment and Materials In Guyana, earth and sand, wood, concrete, rebar, asphalt, etc. used for foundation work of reactive power compensator in substations and PV facilities in CARICOM, are locally procurable materials and are widely used locally. Consequently, in the formulation of a work plan, locally available materials will be utilized wherever possible as a means of promoting local industry. However, in Guyana, almost of all electric equipment and materials depend upon import. Accordingly, it is difficult to utilize local products. Therefore, these materials and equipment will be procured from Japan or a third country under the Project.
(2) Safety Measure In Guyana, the political situation is stable and there is little fear of terrorism or the like occurring. However, pick-pocketing, theft and robbery cases are frequent. It is thought that social problems such as increasing the gap between rich and poor, widespread of firearms etc. trigger these crimes. Based on the fact that the construction works are within the substation and the CARICOM headquarters building, the following safety measures shall be taken.
- Equipment and materials should be stored in a place out of reach of general public - Anti-theft measures such as barbed wire, locking etc. should be applied - A liaison system among construction officials should be created - If necessary, arrangement of security guards and guidance by local police officers
(3) Tax Exemption Procedure Tax Exemption Procedures of Corporate Tax, Personal Income Tax, VAT and Duties are as follows: 1) Corporate Tax - Contractor obtains TIN number. - Contractor submits the application form together with E/N and G/A, to GRA via GEA and MoPI. - GRA approves within 5 to 10 days if all the documents fulfil the requirements without doubt.
2) Personal Income Tax - Contractor submits the application form together with E/N and G/A, to GRA via GEA and MoPI. - GRA approves within 5 to 10 days if all the documents fulfil the requirements without doubt.
3) VAT（exemption in advance） - Contractor submits the application form together with E/N, G/A and invoice issued by the seller, to GRA via GEA and MoPI, before the payment. - GRA approves within 5 to 10 days if all the documents fulfil the requirements without doubt.
4) Duties - Contractor submits the application form together with E/N, G/A, copy of B/L and invoice issued by the seller, to GRA via GEA and MoPI, before the payment. - GRA approves within 5 to 10 days if all the documents fulfil the requirements without doubt.
According to the GRA person in charge, the standard phrase of E/N and G/A “customs duties, internal tax and other fiscal levies which may be imposed in the country of the Recipient with
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respect to the purchase of the products and/or the services” can be interpreted that the tax addressed to the main contractor is exempted. However, it may be difficult to say that the tax exemption is also applicable to the subcontractor. To avoid the difference in interpretation among the personnel, it was specified that the exemption of customs duties, internal taxes and other fiscal levies, are applicable to the subcontractors in the minutes of discussions (Appendix 4-3), which will be considered as complementary document of the Exchanges of Notes and the Grant Agreement. For smooth implementation in procurement of materials and equipment and installation work, prompt and timely tax exemption is indispensable. In case that the problems arise during the procedure, the Guyanese MoFA will intervene to solve.
2-4-3 Scope of work On division of work with GPL, the Japanese side will carry out procurement, installation work and commissioning test for reactive power compensator. The Guyana side will take care of land preparation for stockyard and correspondence to consumers at necessary interruptions, etc. In addition, the Japanese side will implement procurement of distribution equipment and materials alone. The Guyana side will carry out installation work of them. On scope of work with CARICOM, the Japanese side will carry out procurement, installation work and commissioning test for PV system and BEMS. The Guyana side will take care of land preparation for stockyard etc. The detailed work demarcation between the Japanese side and the Guyana side is shown in Table 2.4-1.
Table 2.4-1 The detailed work demarcation between the Japanese side and the Guyana side Procurement Installation Work Item Remarks Japan Guyana Japan Guyana 1. GPL 1) Common requirement to be completed prior to Land preparation for equipment and (1) ○ arrival of the equipment materials stockyard and materials from Japan Correspondence and compensation to consumers at necessary (2) ○ interruptions during construction period Informing interruptions plan to (3) consumers during construction ○ period Providing disposal pit for surplus soil (4) ○ & waste water 2) Reactive power compensator in Canefield Substation (1) On-site construction management ○ Construction work (foundation, ○ equipment installation, Steel (2) structure, electric wire, control cable) Completion test / Test operation ○ (3) adjustment ○ (4) Initial operation / operation guidance
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Procurement Installation Work Item Remarks Japan Guyana Japan Guyana 3) Improvement of distribution network Distribution equipment and materials (Power factor ○ (1) compensator, Electric wire, pole mounted transformer） Distribution equipment and (2) ○ materials (other than (1) above) Assuring worker security at the site (3) ○ during construction period Cutting trees and removing illegal (4) buildings on new distribution route, ○ and securing the site, if requested (5) Road traffic restriction ○ Maintenance tools are used for installation Spare parts, maintenance tools work. Only spare parts of (6) ○ ○ (including testing devices) power factor compensator will be supplied from Japan. 2. CARICOM
1) Common requirement To be completed prior to Land preparation for equipment and commencement of the (1) ○ materials stockyard work by Japanese Contractor Assuring worker security at the site (2) ○ during construction period Informing construction schedule to (3) staff involved during construction ○ period (4) Road traffic and parking restriction ○ 2) Installation of PV system to CARICOM Secretariat (1) On-site construction management ○ Construction Work（Installation・ (2) ○ Wiring & Cable Work） (3) Commissioning Test ○ (4) Operation Training ○
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Procurement Installation Work Item Remarks Japan Guyana Japan Guyana 3) Installation of BEMS to CARICOM Secretariat (1) On-site construction management ○ Construction Work（Installation・ (2) ○ Wiring & Cable Work） (3) Commissioning Test ○ (4) Operation Training ○ Source: JICA Study Team
2-4-4 Consultant Supervision In due consideration of the objectives of the outline design in accordance with Japan's Grant Aid scheme, the Consultant is responsible for smooth implementation of the detailed design and construction supervision after creating a reliable project team. Since the Project sites is located in 2 areas and they have 100 km or more from each other. Moreover, the construction work differs from each other. Therefore, the Consultant will dispatch at least one full-time engineer at each site to carry out appropriate management of schedule, quality and safety control during the construction period. The Consultant will also dispatch other engineers in line with the work progress of equipment installation and commissioning and supervise construction work to be conducted by the Contractor.
(1) Basic Principles of Work Supervision The Consultant will supervise the work progress to ensure the completion of the construction work within the predetermined period and will supervise and guide the Contractor to ensure quality described in the contract and safe implementation of the construction work in principle. Major points to be noted of work supervisor are described as follows.
1) Schedule control To ensure the handing over date specified in the Contract, the consultant will compare the implementation schedule planned at the conclusion of the Contract with actual state of progress monthly or weekly. If any delay in work is anticipated, the Consultant will issue a warning to the Contractor and will request that the Contractor take steps to improve the situation so that the work is completed within the Contract period. The above-mentioned comparison is mainly conducted by confirming the following items.
- Confirmation of quantity of work completed (Quantity of equipment manufactured at the factory and equipment installed at the site) - Confirmation of quantity of equipment and materials delivered - Confirmation of conditions of preparative work and preparation of construction machinery
- Confirmation of actual number of engineers, skilled workers and laborers, and their ratio compared with the original plan - Confirmation of occurrence situation of construction delay factors such as complaints from neighboring residents
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2) Safety Control The Consultant will provide safety supervision in order to prevent any industrial injuries and accidents at the site during construction period through consultation and cooperation with representatives of the Contractor. The key points for onsite safety control are described as follows. - Preparation of safety control rules and appointment of a safety manager - Prevention of accidents by carrying out periodical inspections of construction machinery - Formulation of operational routes for construction vehicles and machinery, etc. and thorough safety driving - Securing a safe work environment like 4S activities (Sorting, Setting-in-Order, Shining, Standardizing) in Japan - Thorough measures to prevent heat stroke - Enforcing of welfare measures and encouraging holiday acquisition to workers
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(2) Project Implementation System The interrelationship among participants in the implementation of the Project including the construction supervision period is shown in Figure 2.4.1.
※1 The consultancy contract and the Contractor’s contract must be approved by the Government of Japan. ※2 The practical affairs of construction work and procurement of materials are handled by the end users, GPL and CARICOM. Source: JICA Study Team Figure 2.4.1 Project Implementation System
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(3) Construction supervisor The Contractor will carry out construction of the reactive power compensator in substation, and installation of PV system and BEMS in CARICOM headquarters building. The Contractor will also employ local construction companies in Guyana in accordance with the Contract Documents. Since it will be necessary for the Contractor to fully understand the contents of the Contract regarding the work schedule, work quality and compliance with specifications and safety measures, Japanese engineers with overseas experience similar to the Project to provide guidance and training for local companies, will be dispatched as the Contractor. In order to carry out the Project smoothly, it is desirable to dispatch at least full-time engineers listed in Table 2.4-2.
Table 2.4-2 Engineers Dispatched by Equipment Supplier Dispatched Number Dispatching Business content Engineer of person term 1. GPL Overall construction work management, Equipment procurement control, Customs clearance, Equipment Site Consultation and coordination with related organizations, 1 installation manager Obtaining of necessary permits, period OJT implementation supervisor, Personnel management, Accounting work, etc. Confirmation and checking of equipment shop drawings in Drawing General, Inspection approval period 1 Witnessing of inspection of facilities, engineer and equipment Commissioning / acceptance, testing period Inspection before end of warranty period 2. CARICOM Overall construction work management, Equipment procurement control, Customs clearance, Equipment Site Consultation and coordination with related organizations, 1 installation manager Obtaining of necessary permits, period OJT implementation supervisor, Personnel management, Accounting work, etc. Confirmation and checking of equipment shop drawings in Drawing General, Inspection approval period 1 Witnessing of inspection of facilities, engineer and equipment Commissioning / acceptance, testing period Inspection before end of warranty period Source: JICA Study Team
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2-4-5 Quality Control Plan The Consultant will supervise the Contractor in regard to the following items so as to secure the quality and progress of the work for the facilities and equipment indicated in the Contract Documents (technical specifications, detailed design drawings, etc.). In case that the quality or work progress does not meet the requirements, the Consultant will demand that the Contractor corrects, changes or modifies the situation.
- Checking of the production drawings and specifications for the equipment - Attendance at the factory inspection or checking of the factory inspection results for the equipment - Inspection of the packaging, transportation and temporary on-site storage methods - Attendance at on-site unpacking and loading - Checking of the working drawings for the equipment and installation manuals - Checking of the testing, adjustment and inspection manuals - Supervision of the site installation of the equipment and attendance at the testing and inspection - Comparison between the equipment installation and building work drawings and the completed work
2-4-6 Procurement Plan (1) Transportation Plan 1) Scope The Japanese side is in charge of the transportation to the following sites from the procurement countries which are Japan and/or third countries.
Table 2.4-3 Transportation Plan Procurement To GPL Site Countries (plan) 1 Wire Japan GPL Central Warehouse 2 Power Factor Compensator Third Countries （in Georgetown） 3 Pole Mounted Transformer Third Countries Reactive power Compensator in 4 Japan Canefield Substation Substation Procurement To CARICOM Site Countries (plan) Japan, 5 PV System with Battery Storage Third Countries CARICOM HQ （in Georgetown） 6 BEMS Japan Source: JICA Study Team
2) Transportation Route Japan or Third Countries Manufacturer Place ⇒ Shipping Port（International Port） ⇒ Port of Georgetown（International Port） ⇒ Site
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(2) Transportation Method Transportation method is as follows: 1) To Georgetown Japan or Third Countries Manufacturer Place ⇒ Truck（land transportation） ⇒ Shipping Port（International Port） ⇒ Liner（marine transportation, transshipment）⇒ Port of Georgetown（International Port）⇒Truck（land transportation） ⇒ Site
2) To Canefield a) Below 11 t/unit Manufacturer Place in Japan ⇒Truck（land transportation） ⇒ Shipping Port（International Port） ⇒ Liner（marine transportation, transshipment）⇒ Port of Georgetown（International Port）⇒Truck（land transportation） ⇒ Site
b) Capacitor (15 t/unit)（component of Reactive Power Compensator）2 units Manufacturer Place in Japan ⇒ Truck（land transportation） ⇒ Shipping Port（International Port） ⇒ Liner（marine transportation, transshipment）⇒ Port of Georgetown（International Port） ⇒ Trailer Truck（land transportation ⇒ Port of Georgetown（Domestic Port） ⇒ Berge ⇒ Port of New Amsterdam（Domestic Port） ⇒ Trailer Truck (land transportation) ⇒ Site
On the route from Georgetown to the Site, there is Berbice Bridge, whose weight limit is 32 t. In case of transportation of 15 t capacitor, it may exceed the weight limit of 32 t, if we count the vehicle mass. At the Port of Georgetown (International Port), the capacitor will be discharged on the trailer truck, shipped on the barge together with the trailer truck, and transported to the Port of New Amsterdam, where it is discharged and goes to the Site.
(3) Installation Work Plan The Installation work will be executed for the following equipment: - Reactive Power Compensator in Canefiled Substation - PV System with Battery Storage at CARICOM Secretariat - BEMS at CARICOM Secretariat
1) Preparation Work The preparation work such as leveling will be done for Reactive Power Compensator in Substation and PV System with Battery Storage.
2) Foundation Work Concrete foundation work will be done for Reactive Power Compensator in Substation and PV System with Battery Storage.
3) Installation Work Installation work for Reactive Power Compensator in Substation, PV System with Battery
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Storage and BEMS will be done under the supervision of Japanese engineers.
4) Test Operation Test Operation will be done for Reactive Power Compensator in Substation, PV System with Battery Storage and BEMS to control, adjust and regulate the equipment
(4) Inspection Plan Through the inspection in the manufacturer place and the pre-shipment inspection by the third company, the performance, quantity, specifications are examined. Upon arrival at the site, the quantity and condition are inspected. The insurance covers the damage or shortage caused by the transportation. Reactive Power Compensator in Substation, PV System with Battery Storage and BEMS are handed over after installation and test operation, which is succeeded by the final check and inspection. The damage and trouble of equipment during the installation is the responsibility of the contractor.
2-4-7 Operation Guidance Plan Initial training and operation instructions will be given to support GPL and CARICOM engineers who are engaged in the O&M of each equipment. The O&M will be sustainably attained by the transfer of technical knowledge through the Project.
(1) Instructor and target audience The instructor will be a dispatched engineer from a supplier. The target audience are shown in Table 2.4-4.
Table 2.4-4 Target audience Number of target audience Training course O&M operator Maintenance personnel manager Reactive power compensator in 1 2～3 2～3 Canefield substation PV system in CARICOM 1 4 4
BEMS in CARICOM 2 4 Source: JICA Study Team
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(2) Contents of training Based on the operation and maintenance manual, each training course will be conducted by the instructor. The training consists of classroom lecture and practical training on site. The details are shown in Table 2.4-5.
Table 2.4-5 Contents of operation and maintenance training course Item Contents 1) Reactive Power Compensator in Canefield substation - Commentary of installation purpose - Explanation of Facility configuration and each device 1. Outline of the equipment - Instruction on how to start / stop operation of whole facility 2. Trouble shooting - How to do when trouble occurs - Explanation of maintenance ways 3. Maintenance/Periodical inspection - Instruction on way of periodical inspection 2) PV system in CARICOM - Daily inspection method (Appearance checking) 1. Inspection method - Periodical inspection（Insulation test of solar panel and electric wire, and so on） - Explanation of dangerous live part and learning 2. Operation method for crisis avoidance knowledge of emergency stop operation method in case and prohibition operation of danger, repair method for each equipment - Lecture (and practice session) on how to replace a 3. Method of exchanging parts defective item or expendable item - Acquisition of knowledge of name and function etc. of 4. Functions of each device and drawings each equipment based on completion drawing and O & M manual etc. 3）BEMS in CARICOM - Overall operation method of BEMS 1. System operation / setting method - Operation setting method - Way of identifying the fault location on the data communication lines 2. Trouble shooting - Way of replacement of fault equipment （ equipment setting・replacement procedure）
2-4-8 Soft componet (Techinical Assistance) Plan The contents of soft component (Technical Assistance) is described in Appendix 6.
2-4-9 Implementation Schedule There are two rainy seasons, May to July and December to January. The average rainfall from May to July is 260 to 330mm/month, from December to January is 180 to 270mm/month, which affects inevitably to the progress of works, since the half of the year is in the rainy season. To mitigate the impact, the installation work is not scheduled during heavy rainy season from May to July.
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Table 2.4-6 Implementation Schedule 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18
（Field Study in Guyana）
Design （Study in Japan） Total 3.0months （Field Study in Guyana）
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18
（Preparation Work）
（Foundation Work）
【Procurement of Equipment】 Execution/ Procurement （Manufacturing）
（Transportation）
Total 17.5 months （Installation, Test Operation）
Guyana Japan Third Countries
Source: JICA Study Team
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2-5 OBLIGATIONS OF RECIPIENT COUNTRY In carrying out this project, the items to be borne by recipient country side is as follows.
2-5-1 Before the Tender
Table 2.5-1 Items to be borne by recipient country side before the Tender No. Items Deadline In charge 1 To open bank account (B/A) within 1 month after MoF the signing of the G/A 2 To issue A/P to a bank in Japan (the Agent Bank) for the within 1 month after MoF/Bank payment to the consultant the signing of the of Guyana contract 3 To submit Environmental Authorization (EA) to EPA to confirm within 1 month after ・GEA to whether EMP or EIA is necessary for the Project. In case it is the signing of the submit EA confirmed necessary, approve EIA (Conditions of approval G/A ・MoPI to should be fulfilled, if any) and secure the necessary budget for bear annual implementation. Annual Fee for Environmental Authorization fee. needs to be paid during Project period for any project. GPL and CARICOM are to cooperate with GEA to prepare necessary document(s). 4 To secure Project site and temporary yard： before the tender CARICOM Secure temporary storage area for materials and equipment at the back yard of CARICOM (Around twenty two (22) sets of 40 feet container will be assumed to be conveyed to the yard.) 5 Securing land for storage of equipment and materials at Old before the tender GPL Sophia substation and Canefield substation.
6 To submit Project Monitoring Report (with the result of Detail before preparation GEA Design). Each GPL and CARICOM secretariat submits the of bidding monitoring report to GEA for onward submission to JICA. documents 7 To secure the cable routes： before the tender CARICOM To install power cables and communication cables, secure the space properly and reinforce the upper side of the space with wide steel panels before constructing a bridge across for the new entrance. Source: JICA Study Team
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2-5-2 During the Project Implementation
Table 2.5-2 Items to be borne by recipient country side during the Project Implementation No. Items Deadline In charge 1 To issue A/P to a bank in Japan (the Agent Bank) for the within 1 month MoF/Bank of payment to the Supplier(s) after the signing Guyana of the contract(s) 2 To bear the following commissions to a bank in Japan for the banking services based upon the B/A 1) Advising commission of A/P within 1 month MoF/Bank of after the signing Guyana of the contract(s) 2) Payment commission for A/P every payment MoF/Bank of Guyana 3 To ensure prompt unloading and customs clearance at ports of during the MoPI, GEA disembarkation in recipient country and to assist the Supplier(s) Project with internal transportation therein
4 To accord Japanese nationals and/or physical persons of third during the MoFA countries whose services may be required in connection with Project the supply of the products and the services such facilities as may be necessary for their entry into the country of the Recipient and stay therein for the performance of their work 5 To ensure that customs duties, internal taxes and other fiscal during the MoFA(focal levies which may be imposed in the country of the Recipient Project point) with respect to the purchase of the products and/or the services consulting with be exempted. MoPI and GRA 6 To bear all the expenses, other than those covered by the Grant, during the MoPI, GEA, necessary for the implementation of the Project Project GPL 7 1)To submit Project Monitoring Report after each phase of the within one GEA contract(s) such as shipping, hand over, installation and month after operational training completion of Each GPL and CARICOM secretariat submits the monitoring each work report to GEA for onward submission to JICA. 2)To submit Project Monitoring Report (final) within one GEA Each GPL and CARICOM secretariat submits the monitoring month after report to GEA for onward submission to JICA. signing of Certificate of Completion for the works under the contract(s) 8 To submit a report concerning completion of the Project. within six GEA Each GPL and CARICOM secretariat submits the monitoring months after report to GEA for onward submission to JICA. completion of the Project 9 To modify existing SCADA By the end of GPL (1)Modification of single line diagram on monitor of SCADA 2019 (2)Connect between existing SCADA system and new switchboard that will be installed by this project
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No. Items Deadline In charge 10 To distribute construction complete set (design, site negotiation, During GPL power interruption negotiation, power outage notice, construction preparation work, main body construction, transportation of work equipment from Sophia central storage to the sites and waste and so on,) 11 To bear compensation liability for land acquisition, if any During GPL construction work 12 To apply permission to NDC by submitting layout diagram and before GPL elevation view construction work 13 To apply permission to Regulation Authority by submitting before CARICOM drawing construction work 14 To prepare internet connection for BEMS During CARICOM construction work 15 To upgrade thermostat from 2 stage to 4 stage for BEMS During CARICOM construction work 16 To contract a remote maintenance service for BEMS After CARICOM construction work 17 To arrange security guards and guidance by local police officers During GEA, when necessary construction GPL, work CARICOM Source: JICA Study Team
2-5-3 After the Project
Table 2.5-3 Items to be borne by recipient country side after the Project No. Items Deadline In charge 1 To maintain and use properly and effectively the facilities After completion GPL constructed and equipment provided under the Grant Aid of the CARICOM 1) Allocation of maintenance cost construction 2) Operation and maintenance structure 3) Routine check/Periodic inspection
2 To bear remote maintenance expenses of BEMS and Internet After completion CARICOM service expenses of BEMS. of the construction 3 To bear maintenance expenses. After completion GPL Equipment and materials for CARICOM are borne by of the CARICOM CARICOM. construction Source: JICA Study Team
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2-6 PROJECT OPERATION PLAN
2-6-1 Basic Policy
2-6-1-1 Basic Policy for GPL GPL as the end user of the Project is unique state-owned electric power company in Guyana and operating generation, transmission and distribution. The procured facilities of the Project, reactive power compensator in substation and distribution equipment and materials, will be managed and operated by maintenance staffs at substation and maintenance offices that have skills necessary for the O&M. Therefore, the current system of GPL will properly operate and maintain after the implementation of the Project. However, since the reactive power compensator in substation will be introduced for the first time in GPL, a Japanese consultant will guarantee adequacy of maintenance by guidance for daily inspection and periodic inspection method in the soft component.
2-6-1-2 Basic Policy for CARICOM The Project will not only improve the economic situations of the CARICOM Secretariat, but also give the opportunity of recognition to CARICOM member countries by installing the renewable energy and energy conservation technologies, and also contribute to the proof of usefulness. Therefore, the PV and BEMS installed by the Project must be operated and maintained properly and sustainably by the end user, CARICOM Secretariat. Even though after finishing the Project, it is necessary to maintain the amount of generated electricity and to achieve the target energy saving effect.
2-6-2 Management Organization
2-6-2-1 Management Organization of GPL The GPL is mainly composed of head office organizations responsible for overall management, and four regional offices with customer departments and power distribution maintenance departments. Since the amount of equipment installed by the Project will be very small compared to the amount of facilities owned by GPL, even after installing facilities, it will be sufficiently maintained and managed by the current organization and staffs of GPL.
2-6-2-2 Management Organization of CARICOM The management organization of CARICOM Secretariat is shown in “(6) Policy regarding the operational and maintenance ability of the executing agencies” of “2.2.1 Design policy”. Organizational structure is shown in Figure 2.2.4.
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2-7 PROJECT COST ESTIMATION
2-7-1 Initial Cost Estimation The breakdown of cost for the burden items of Guyanese Side is as follows.
2-7-1-1 Cost borne by Guyanese Side (approx. 0.102 million USD (approx.11.4 million JPY) + 0.1% of E/N grant amount)
(1) Cost borne by the Guyanese ministries (approx. 440 USD (approx. 49 thousand JPY ) + 0.1% of E/N grant amount） The breakdown is as follows: - Advising Commission of Authorization to Pay: approx. 140 USD (15 thousand JPY (5 thousand ×3 sets)) - Payment Commission: 0.1%×E/N grant amount - Customs Clearance: 300 USD (50 USD × B/L number (6 sets)) (approx. 34 thousand JPY) - Environmental Authorization Fee: 50 USD (application fee) and 100-3,100 USD (annual fee)
(2) Cost borne by GPL (approx. 0.09 million USD) The breakdown of the expenses is as follow. - Far-end monitoring and control of the reactive power compensator installed in Canefield substation (SCADA system remodeling, connection between the existing control board and the new one): about 0.09 million USD. - Construction Permit (Payment to NDC (Neighborhood Democratic Council)): approx. 5,000 GYD (approx. 3 thousand JPY)
(3) Cost borne by CARICOM (None) The breakdown of the expenses is as follow. - Permission to Regulation Authority by submitting drawing. - Preparation of internet connection for BEMS - Thermostat upgrade from 2 stage to 4 stage for BEMS - Remote maintenance contract for BEMS
2-7-1-2 Condition of Cost Estimation
(1) Time of Estimation : October 2017 (2) Exchange Rate : 1 USD = 111.99 JPY (3) Period of Implementation : as mentioned in the Implementation Schedule (4) Others : The standard and guidelines of Japan’s Grant Aid are applied.
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2-7-2 Operation and Maintenance Cost
2-7-2-1 Burden expenses by GPL (None) There is no cost to be borne by GPL for O&M of the equipment. The reasons are as follows.
- None of substation-related burden expenses. The reactive power compensator installed by the Project is maintenance-free basically. In addition, daily inspections and parts exchange can be implemented by the existing maintenance system and staffs. - None of distribution-related burden expenses. Compared with the quantity of equipment operated and maintained by the GPL, the amount of equipment in the Project is very small, and there is little budgetary impact on repair costs of the GPL. In addition, the operation and maintenance of the distribution equipment costs only the replacement at the time of failure. So, the replacement can be done by using the spare parts that the GPL possesses and the repair part for PFC procured by the Project.
2-7-2-2 Burden expenses by CARICOM The breakdown of expenses is as follows.
- PV related operation expenses: 0.001 million USD (about 0.1million Yen / year) Patrol and inspection is implemented once per 2 months by 2 skilled & normal electrical technicians. (It can be done 1 day/time.) Expendable items such as V-belt are replaced twice a year. (It can be done 2 days/time) - BEMS related operation expenses (Remote maintenance expenses): 0.016 million USD (about 1.8 million Yen/5 years total) - BEMS related operation expenses (Internet line fee for remote maintenance): 0.012 million USD (about 1.3 million Yen/year)
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CHAPTER 3
PROJECT EVALUATION
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Chapter 3 Final Report Project Evaluation
CHAPTER3 PROJECT EVALUATION
3-1 PRECONDITIONS GEA, the executing agency on the Guyana side, and GPL and CARICOM as end-users are required to confirm that they will bear / undertake the following administrative matters and arrangements. At the same time, those agencies need to cooperate with each other and to implement the Project under the cooperation.
（1）GEA - Ensuring cooperation with GPL and CARICOM - Facilitating cooperation with ministries and agencies in related procedures
（2）GPL - Continuation of the present operation and maintenance system for substations and distribution equipment - Provision of temporary storage yards for all project sites and continuation of the existing security system against theft
（3）CARICOM - Securing cable routes for the new entrance construction project by CARICOM (Installation of empty pipe line and so on.) - Provision of a temporary storage yard at the CARICOM secretariat site
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3-2 NECESSARY INPUTS BY RECIPIENT COUNTRY
(1) GEA - Expense burden not covered by Grant Aid related to the Project - Related procedures, preparation and submission of reports during the implementation of the Project - Arranging security guards and guidance by local police officers when necessary
(2) GPL - Modifying the existing SCADA system - Construction complete set of procured distribution equipment and materials - Bearing compensation liability for land acquisition, if any - Appropriate and efficient operation and maintenance of facilities provided by the Project - Arranging security guards and guidance by local police officers when necessary
(3) CARICOM - Concluding Remote Maintenance Agreement for BEMS - Bearing remote maintenance costs and associated internet costs for BEMS - Continuation of operation and maintenance of the installed PV system and BEMS - Continuation of security system against theft - Arranging security guards and guidance by local police officers when necessary
3-3 IMPORTANT ASSUMPTIONS
(1) Regarding the Overall Goal Regarding the overall goal of “contributing to economic development in Guyana and CARICOM countries and regions”, the following assumptions are crucial to produce and sustain the expected outputs and effects of the Project.
・ The power system of Guyana will not be changed. ・ The CARICOM’s basic policy on renewable energy will not be changed.
(2) Regarding the Project Targets Regarding the Project targets of “improving efficiency of the power system by enhancing substation equipment and distribution lines in the City of Georgetown and the surrounding areas, as well as installing and demonstrating a PV system and energy management system at the headquarters of
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CARICOM”, the following assumptions are crucial to produce and sustain the expected outputs and effects of the Project.
・The capital investment plans of GPL will not be significantly changed by rapid economic development beyond what is assumed and so on. ・The policy on renewable energy in Guyana will not be changed.
(3) Regarding the Project Outputs The expected outputs are mainly a reduction in power loss at GPL, reduction in power consumption by the CARICOM secretariat building, and power generation by the PV system. Prerequisites necessary for the outputs are as follows.
・Sound maintenance and utilization of all installed facilities and equipment ・Securing adequate sunshine necessary for operation of the PV system
3-4 PROJECT EVALUATION
3-4-1 Relevance Regarding the validity of the Project, the Project will directly solve the problems of power loss and power supply reliability that GPL has, by installing reactive power compensators and procuring distribution equipment and materials. These components will greatly help to improve GPL’s profitability and reduce CO2 emissions emitted from thermal power plants. Therefore, this Project has high relevance. In addition, this Project will materialize the renewable energy and energy conservation policy of CARICOM by installing a PV system and BEMS. Also, it is highly expected that the PV system and BEMS installed in the CARICOM secretariat building will showcase the technologies to CARICOM member countries and regions. Therefore, these are quite reasonable components.
3-4-2 Effectiveness
(1) Quantitative effects The quantitative target values of the Project are shown in Table 3.4-1. Firstly, the target value for the PV system at the CARICOM secretariat building is set as annual power generation produced by the PV system itself. Regarding the target value for BEMS, based on actual results in Japan where the rate of reduction in power consumption by BEMS was about 6%, the expected power consumption in 2023, 3 years after completion of the Project, is set as the
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target value. By achieving these targets, it is expected to reduce the consumption of power derived from thermal power generation, reduce electric power costs, and reduce CO2 emissions at the CARICOM headquarters building at the same time. Secondly, the target value for GPL is set by following process. - Calculate the amount of technical loss in 2017 (before installation) of each substation, distribution line and pole-mounted transformer that is to be installed by the Project. - Set the calculated results as reference values. - Estimate the amount of technical loss in 2023 (after installation) and set it as a target value. - In the estimation, it is assumed that there is no transmission/distribution system changes or large demand fluctuations that could affect performance in the evaluation term.
By achieving these technical loss reduction targets, it is expected to contribute to cost reduction by suppressing thermal power generation. And, it is also expected effect to reduce environmental impact by reducing CO2 emissions.
Table 3.4-1 Quantitative target values Target value (in 2023) Reference value Index 【3 years after (Actual in 2017) completion of the Project】 Generated energy by PV system ― 654,073 in CARICOM (kWh/year) Power consumption in CARICOM secretariat building 1,338,636 1,266,996 effected by BEMS (kWh/year) Introduction of reactive power 2,021,733 1,131,102 compensators Replacement of wire Technical losses 601,414 425,912 (F4 Good hope, F4 Sophia, F1 GOE) In Canefield Replacement of wire and installation Substation and of power factor compensators in 217,046 88,287 distribution network Onverwagt area (kWh/year) Replacement of pole-mounted 234,624 537 transformers Total 3,074,817 1,645,838
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(2) Qualitative effects 1) Mitigation of climate change As mentioned above, both components of CARICOM and GPL have the effect of suppressing CO2 emissions, and it is expected that they will contribute to mitigating climate change factors by reducing greenhouse gas emissions. In addition, it is also expected that the PV system and BEMS at the CARICOM secretariat building will showcase the applied technologies to the CARICOM member countries and regions, and enhance their recognition and motivation for renewable energy and energy conservation.
2) Promotion of economic development Regarding GPL, improving the profitability of GPL will contribute to the reduction of electricity fees, and it is expected that lower electricity rates will stimulate economic activities by reducing domestic life costs and industrial costs. Additionally, updating substation and distribution facilities will help improve the supply reliability and quality of transmission and distribution lines. And, it is expected that the improvement will reduce the impact on industrial activities due to blackouts and voltage drops, and help develop the country's economy. Moreover, using the PV system and BEMS, the CARICOM secretariat will be able to cut expenses by reducing purchased electricity. This makes it possible for the CARICOM secretariat to devote the budget to other measures for revitalizing economic activities.
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Final Report Appendices
APPENDICES
Appendix 1: Member List of the Study Team Appendix 2: Schedule of the Study Appendix 3: List of Parties concerned in the Recipient Country Appendix 4-1: Minutes of Discussion (1st survey) Appendix 4-2: Minutes of Discussion (2nd survey) Appendix 4-3: Minutes of Discussion (3rd survey) Appendix 5: Environmental checklist Appendix 6: Soft Component Plan Appendix 7: Outline design Drawing (Installation of Reactive power compensator at Canefield S/S) Appendix 7-1: Single Line Diagram (Before Construction) Appendix 7-2: Single Line Diagram (After Construction) Appendix 7-3: Plan View Drawing (Before Construction) Appendix 7-4: Plan View Drawing (After Construction) Appendix 7-5: Cross Section Drawing (After Construction) Appendix 8: Outline design Drawing (Improvement of distribution network) Appendix 8-1: Area for procurement of distribution equipment and materials Appendix 8-2: F2 Onverwagt distribution network diagram Appendix 8-3: F2 Onverwagt distribution network block diagram Appendix 8-4: F2 Sophia, F4 Good Hope, F1 GoE distribution network power diagram Appendix 8-5: Position of target pole mounted transformer in Vreed-En Hoop
1 The Preparatory Survey for the Project for the Introduction of Renewable Energy and Improvement of Power System in the Co-operative Republic of Guyana
Appendices Final Report
Appendix 9: Outline design Drawing (Installation of PV system to CARICOM Secretariat) Appendix 9-1: Outline of CARICOM Secretariat building Appendix 9-2: Conceptual scheme of single line diagram Appendix 9-3: Ground plan of equipment Appendix 9-4: Conceptual scheme of control system Appendix 9-5: List of electrical materials for PV system Appendix 10: Outline design Drawing (Installation of BEMS to CARICOM Secretariat) Appendix 10-1: System configuration Appendix 10-2: Installation location and route (1)：Grand Floor Appendix 10-3: Installation location and route (2)：First Floor Appendix 10-4: Installation location and route (3)：Plant room Appendix 10-5: Digital Signage Screens
The Project for Formulation on the National Electricity Plan in the Republic of the Union of Myanmar Appendix 1 Final Report Member List of JICA Study Team
APPENDIX 1
MEMBER LIST OF THE STUDY TEAM
1 The Preparatory Survey for the Project for the Introduction of Renewable Energy and Improvement of Power System in the Co-operative Republic of Guyana
Appendix 1 Final Report Member List of the Study Team
Appendix 1：Member List of the Study Team
1st 2nd 3rd Name Work Assignment Position Survey Survey Survey
Mr.Yoichi Chief Consultant/ The KANSAI Electric ○ ○ ○ HAMADA Distribution Planning Power Co., Inc.
Vice Chief Consultant/ Mr.Tatsuhiro The KANSAI Electric Construction Planning/ ○ ○ ○ TAMURA Power Co., Inc. Cost Estimate
Mr.Yasuharu The KANSAI Electric Substation Planning ○ ○ MATSUBARA Power Co., Inc.
Mr.Akihiro The KANSAI Electric Current Analysis ○ ○ KIMURA Power Co., Inc.
Mr.Fumihiro BEMS NEWJEC Inc. ○ ○ TAMURA
Mr.Mitsuo Photovoltaic/ The KANSAI Electric ○ ○ ○ WADA Inter-connection Power Co., Inc.
Ms.Yoshiko Environmental and NEWJEC Inc. ○ ○ OISHI Social Consideration
Material and Equipment Ms.Yukiko Japan International Procurement/ ○ ○ AKIYAMA Cooperation System Cost Estimate
A1 - 1 The Preparatory Survey for the Project for the Introduction of Renewable Energy and Improvement of Power System in the Co-operative Republic of Guyana Appendix 2 Final Report Schedule of the Study
APPENDIX 2
SCHEDULE OF THE STUDY
1 The Preparatory Survey for the Project for the Introduction of Renewable Energy and Improvement of Power System in the Co-operative Republic of Guyana
Appendix 2 Final Report Schedule of the Study
Appendix 2：Schedule of the Study
1st Survey (1)
Vice Chief Consultant Chief Consultant/Distribution Planning Photovoltaric/Inter-connection BEMS Construction Plannning/Cost Estimate Mr.Yoichi HAMADA Mr.Mitsuo WADA Mr.Fumihiro KIMURA Mr.Tatsuhiro TAMURA 7/2 AM Japan → New York (Sun） PM 7/3 AM New York → Guyana (Mon） PM 10:30 Courtesy call on GEA 10:00 Meeting with investigator 10:30 Courtesy call on GEA AM 11:30 Courtesy call on GPL 11:30 Courtesy call on GPL (Environment) 11:30 Courtesy call on GPL 13:30 Courtesy call on Consul-general of 13:30 Courtesy call on Consul-general of 7/4 Japan 15:00 Meeting with investigator 14:00 Meeting with investigator Japan (Tue） 15:00 Meeting with investigator (Topographic Survey) (Environment) 15:00 Meeting with investigator PM (Topographic Survey) 17:30 Meeting with Mr.Ikeda 17:30Meeting with Mr.Ikeda (Topographic Survey) 17:30 Meeting with Mr.Ikeda （Senior Volunteer） （Senior Volunteer） 17:30 Meeting with Mr.Ikeda（Senior （SeniorVolunteer） Volunteer） 9:00 Courtesy call on CARICOM and 9:00 Courtesy call on CARICOM and 9:00 Courtesy call on CARICOM and 9:00 Courtesy call on CARICOM and AM discussion discussion discussion discussion 7/5 (Wed） 15:30 Courtesy call on The Ministry 15:30 Courtesy call on The Ministry Site survey and discussion（CARICOM） of Public Infrastructure of Public Infrastructure PM /Meeting with investigator Site survey and discussion（CARICOM） 16:00 Courtesy call on Ministry of Finance 16:00 Courtesy call on Ministry (Geotechnical Survey) Site Survey ofFinanceAMPMAM10 AM 9:00 Site survey and discussion(GPL) 7/6 9:00 Site survey and discussion(GPL) Site survey(CARICOM) Site survey(CARICOM) /Meeting with investigator (Thu） PM (Topographic Survey)
10:00 Minutes of Discussion(GEA) 10:00 Minutes of Discussion(GEA) AM Preparing documents Preparing documents Minutes of Discussion(GPL) Minutes of Discussion(GPL) 7/7 (Fri） 14:00 Minutes of 14:00 Minutes of PM 14:00 Minutes of Discussion(CARICOM) 14:00 Minutes of Discussion(CARICOM) Discussion(CARICOM) Discussion(CARICOM) 7/8 AM Team Meeting Team Meeting Team Meeting Team Meeting (Sat） PM Preparing documents Preparing documents Preparing documents Preparing documents 7/9 AM Field Survey (Sun） PM
AM 10:00 Minutes of Discussion(GEA) Preparing documents Preparing documents 10:00 Minutes of Discussion(GEA) 7/10 13:30 discussion(GPL) (Mon） 14:00 Meeting with investigator 15:00 Site survey（CARICOM） 14:00 Meeting with investigator 15:00 Site survey（CARICOM） PM (Topographic Survey) 17:00 Meeting with (Topographic Survey) 17:00 Meeting with 16:00 Meeting with IDB Subcontractor(PV/BEMS) 16:00 Meeting with IDB Subcontractor(PV/BEMS)
AM Team Meeting Site survey（CARICOM） Site survey（CARICOM） Team Meeting 7/11 Discussion(GPL) (Tue） 17:00 Meeting with 17:00 Meeting with PM Discussion(GPL) 18:00 Meeting with investigator Subcontractor(PV/BEMS) Subcontractor(PV/BEMS) (Topographic Survey) 7/12 AM Discussion(GPL) Discussion(GPL) Preparing documents Discussion(GPL) (Wed） PM Preparing documents AM 11:30 Meeting with investigator Preparing documents (Geotechnical Survey) 7/13 Site survey and discussion(GPL) 13:00 Discusion(CARICOM) 13:00 Discusion(CARICOM) Site survey and discussion(GPL) (Thu） draft summary draft summary PM 17:00 Meeting with 17:00 Meeting with Subcontractor(PV/BEMS) Subcontractor(PV/BEMS)
AM 9:30 Wrap Up Meeting （CARICOM） 9:30 Wrap Up Meeting （CARICOM） 9:30 Wrap Up Meeting （CARICOM） 9:00 Meeting with Subcontractor(Substation)
7/14 13:00 Wrap Up Meeting (GPL) 13:00 Wrap Up Meeting (GPL) (Fri） 15:30 Wrap Up Meeting (GEA) 17:00 Meeting with 17:00 Meeting with 15:30 Wrap Up Meeting (GEA) PM 18:00 Meeting with investigator Subcontractor(PV/BEMS) Subcontractor(PV/BEMS) 18:00 Meeting with investigator (Topographic Survey) (Topographic Survey) AM Discussion(GPL) Preparing documents Preparing documents Discussion(GPL) 7/15 (Sat） PM Guyana → New York 7/16 AM (Sun） PM New York → Japan 7/17 AM (Mon） PM
A2-1 The Preparatory Survey for the Project for the Introduction of Renewable Energy and Improvement of Power System in the Co-operative Republic of Guyana Appendix 2 Schedule of the Study Final Report
1st Survey (2)
Environmental and Social Material and Equipment Substation Planning Current Analysis Consideration Procurement Mr.Yasuharu MATSUBARA Mr.Akihiro KIMURA Ms.Yoshiko OISHI Ms.Yukiko AKIYAMA 7/2 AM Departure from Japan,Arrive at New York (Sun） PM 7/3 AM Departure from New York,Arrive at Guyana (Mon） PM 10:00 Meeting with investigator 10:30 Courtesy call on GEA AM 11:30 Courtesy call on GPL 11:30 Courtesy call on GPL (Environment) 11:30 Courtesy call on GPL
7/4 15:00 Meeting with investigator 15:00 Meeting with investigator 14:00 Meeting with investigator 13:30 Courtesy call on Consul-general of (Tue） (Topographic Survey) (Topographic Survey) (Environment) Japan PM 17:30 Meeting with Mr.Ikeda 17:30 Meeting with Mr.Ikeda 17:30 Meeting with Mr.Ikeda 17:30 Meeting with Mr.Ikeda （SeniorVolunteer） （SeniorVolunteer） （SeniorVolunteer） （Senior Volunteer）
9:00 Courtesy call on CARICOM and 9:00 Courtesy call on CARICOM AM Preparing documents Preparing documents discussion and discussion 7/5 (Wed） 15:30 Courtesy call on Meeting with investigator Meeting with investigator Site Survey （CARICOM） PM The Ministry of Public Infrastructure (Geotechnical Survey) (Geotechnical Survey) Preparing documents 16:00 Courtesy call on Ministry ofFinance
AM Site survey and discussion(GPL) Site survey and discussion(GPL) Meeting with investigator (Environment) 7/6 Meeting with investigator Meeting with investigator Site survey and discussion(GPL) (Thu） PM (Geotechnical Survey) (Geotechnical Survey)/ Site survey（New Sophia S/S) Site survey（New Sophia S/S) Site survey（New Sophia S/S)
10:00 Minutes of Discussion(GEA) AM 7/7 Minutes of Discussion(GPL) Site Survey（Cenefield S/S) Site Survey（Cenefield S/S) Site Survey（Cenefield S/S) (Fri） PM 14:00 Minutes of Discussion(CARICOM) 7/8 AM Team Meeting Team Meeting Team Meeting Team Meeting (Sat） PM Site Survey （New & Old Sophia S/S） Site Survey（New & Old Sophia S/S） Site Survey （New & Old Sophia S/S） Preparing documents 7/9 AM (Sun） PM
AM Preparing documents Preparing documents Preparing documents 10:00 Minutes of Discussion(GEA) 7/10 (Mon） 13:30 Site survey(GPL) PM 13:30 Discussion(GPL) 13:30 Discussion(GPL) 13:30 Discussion(GPL) 16:00 Meeting with IDB 17:00 PV/BEMS Contractor
9:00 Meeting with investigator 9:00 Meeting with investigator AM 10:00 Meeting with EPA Team Meeting (Geotechnical Survey) (Geotechnical Survey) 7/11 Discussion(GPL) (Tue） Site survey PM Discussion(GPL) Discussion(GPL) 17:00 Meeting with (Vreed-En-Hoop area, Golden Grove) Subcontractor(PV/BEMS) 7/12 AM 8:00 Site survey（Cenefield S/S) Site Survey(GPL) 8:00 Inspection（Cenefield S/S) 8:00 Inspection（Cenefield S/S) (Wed） PM Preparing documents 8:30 Site survey( Inventory of GPL) AM 11:30 Meeting with investigator Discussion(GPL) 11:00 Discussion(GPL) (Geotechnical Survey) 7/13 Preparing documents (Thu） Meeting with investigator (Environment) 13:30 Meeting with Mayor of Foreign Affair PM Discussion(GPL) Discussion(GPL) 17:00 PV,BEMS constractor
9:00 Meeting with 9:00 Meeting with 9:30 Meeting with investigator 9:00 Meeting with AM Subcontractor(Substation) Subcontractor(Substation) (Environment) Subcontractor(Substation) 7/14 13:00 Wrap Up Meeting(GPL) (Fri） PM 13:00 Wrap Up Meeting (GPL) 13:00 Wrap Up Meeting (GPL) 13:00 Wrap Up Meeting (GPL) 15:30 Wrap Up Meeting (GEA) 17:00 PV,BEMS constractor
AM Site survey(GPL) Site survey(GPL) Meeting with investigator (Environment) Preparing documents 7/15 (Sat） PM Guyana → New York 7/16 AM (Sun） PM New York → Japan 7/17 AM (Mon） PM
The Preparatory Survey for the Project for the Introduction A2-2 of Renewable Energy and Improvement of Power System in the Co-operative Republic of Guyana Appendix 2 Final Report Schedule of the Study
2nd Survey (1)
Vice Chief Consultant Chief Consultant/Distribution Planning Photovoltaric/Inter-connection BEMS Construction Plannning/Cost Estimate Mr.Hamada Mr.Wada Mr. Tamura Fumihiro Mr. Tamura Tatsuhiro
AM 2017/9/23 SAT Japan → New York PM
AM 2017/9/24 SUN New York → Guyana PM
Courtesy/Explain the draft design Courtesy/Explain the draft design Meeting with investigator Courtesy/Explain the draft design （GEA）/ AM （GEA） (Geotechnical Survey) （GEA） Meeting with investigator 2017/9/25 MON (Environment)
Courtesy/Explain the draft design Courtesy/Explain the draft design Courtesy/Explain the draft design Courtesy/Explain the draft design PM （GPL） （GPL） （GPL） （GPL） Courtesy/Explain the draft design Courtesy/Explain the draft design Courtesy/Explain the draft design AM （CARICOM） （CARICOM） （CARICOM） Site survey 2017/9/26 TUE Site survey （New/Old Sophia) PM Discussion(CARICOM) Discussion(CARICOM) （New/Old Sophia)
AM Metting with local forwarder Site survey and Site survey and 2017/9/27 WED Discussion(GPL) 9:00 Demerara Shipping Company discussion(CARICOM) discussion(CARICOM) PM Ltd
AM Site survey Site survey and Site survey and Site survey 2017/9/28 THU （Canefield/New Amsterdam） discussion(CARICOM) discussion(CARICOM) （Canefield/New Amsterdam） PM
AM Site survey and Site survey and 2017/9/29 FRI Discussion(GPL) Discussion(GPL) discussion(CARICOM) discussion(CARICOM) PM
AM Team Meeting Team Meeting Team Meeting Team Meeting 2017/9/30 SAT PM Preparing documents Preparing documents Preparing documents Preparing documents
AM 2017/10/1 SUN Preparing documents Preparing documents Preparing documents Preparing documents PM
AM Discussion(CARICOM) Discussion(CARICOM) 2017/10/2 MON Meeting with local suplier Discussion(GPL) Meeting with subcontractor Meeting with subcontractor PM
AM Meeting with GRA Discussion(CARICOM) Discussion(CARICOM) Meeting with GRA 2017/10/3 TUE PM Meeting with subcontractors Meeting with subcontractors Meeting with subcontractors Meeting with subcontractors
AM Discussion(CARICOM) Discussion(CARICOM) 2017/10/4 WED Meeting with subcontractors Discussion(GPL) Meeting with subcontractor Meeting with subcontractor PM
AM Wrap Up Meeting（CARICOM） Wrap Up Meeting（CARICOM） Wrap Up Meeting（CARICOM） Wrap Up Meeting（CARICOM） 2017/10/5 THU PM Wrap Up Meeting（GPL） Guyana → New York meeting withCARICOM Wrap Up Meeting（GPL）
AM Wrap Up Meeting（GEA） Wrap Up Meeting（GEA） Wrap Up Meeting（GEA） 2017/10/6 FRI PM Guyana → New York Guyana → New York New York → Japan AM 2017/10/7 SAT PM New York → Japan New York → Japan AM 2017/10/8 SUN PM
A2-3 The Preparatory Survey for the Project for the Introduction of Renewable Energy and Improvement of Power System in the Co-operative Republic of Guyana Appendix 2 Schedule of the Study Final Report
2nd Survey (2)
Environmental and Social Material and Equipment Substation Planning Current Analysis Consideration Procurement Mr.Matsubara Mr. Kimura Ms. Oishi Ms. Akiyama
AM 2017/9/23 SAT Japan → New York PM
AM 2017/9/24 SUN New York → Guyana PM
Courtesy/Explain the draft design Meeting with investigator Meeting with investigator （GEA）/ Courtesy/Explain the draft design AM (Geotechnical Survey) (Geotechnical Survey) Meeting with investigator （GEA） 2017/9/25 MON (Environment)
Courtesy/Explain the draft design Courtesy/Explain the draft design Courtesy/Explain the draft design Courtesy/Explain the draft design PM （GPL） （GPL） （GPL） （GPL） Courtesy/Explain the draft design Courtesy/Explain the draft design AM Site survey Site survey （CARICOM） （CARICOM） 2017/9/26 TUE （New/Old Sophia) （New/Old Sophia) PM Discussion(CARICOM) Discussion(GPL)
AM Metting with local forwarder Metting with local forwarder Site survey 2017/9/27 WED 9:00 Demerara Shipping Company Discussion(GPL) 9:00 Demerara Shipping Company （Environment） PM Ltd Ltd
AM Site survey Site survey Site survey Site survey 2017/9/28 THU （Canefield/New Amsterdam） （Canefield/New Amsterdam） （Canefield/New Amsterdam） （Canefield/New Amsterdam） PM
AM 2017/9/29 FRI Discussion(GPL) Discussion(GPL) Discussion(GPL) Discussion(GPL) PM
AM Team Meeting Team Meeting Team Meeting Team Meeting 2017/9/30 SAT PM Preparing documents Preparing documents Preparing documents Preparing documents
AM 2017/10/1 SUN Preparing documents Preparing documents Preparing documents Preparing documents PM
AM Discussion(GPL) Discussion(GPL) Site survey 2017/10/2 MON Site survey Site survey Meeting with local suplier （Environment） PM (Substation around Geoge town) (Substation around Geoge town)
AM Meeting with GRA Site survey 2017/10/3 TUE Discussion(GPL) Discussion(GPL) （Environment） PM Meeting with subcontractors
AM 2017/10/4 WED Discussion(GPL) Discussion(GPL) Discussion(GPL) Meeting with subcontractors PM
AM Discussion(GPL) Discussion(GPL) Wrap Up Meeting（CARICOM） Discussion(GPL) 2017/10/5 THU PM Wrap Up Meeting（GPL） Wrap Up Meeting（GPL） Wrap Up Meeting（GPL） Wrap Up Meeting（GPL）
AM Discussion(GPL) Discussion(GPL) Discussion(GPL) Wrap Up Meeting（GEA） 2017/10/6 FRI PM Guyana → New York
AM 2017/10/7 SAT PM New York → Japan AM 2017/10/8 SUN PM
The Preparatory Survey for the Project for the Introduction A2-4 of Renewable Energy and Improvement of Power System in the Co-operative Republic of Guyana Appendix 2 Final Report Schedule of the Study
3rd Survey
Vice Chief Consultant Chief Consultant/Distribution Planning Photovoltaric/Inter-connection Construction Plannning/Cost Estimate
Me.Hamada Mr.Tatsuhiro TAMURA Mr.Wada
AM Japan → New York 2/27（Tue） PM New York → Guyana
11:00～ Explain the draft of final report 11:00～ Explain the draft of final report 11:00～ Explain the draft of final report AM （GEA） （GEA） （GEA） 2/28（Wed） 14：30～ Explain the draft of final report 14：30～ Explain the draft of final report 14：30～ Explain the draft of final report PM （GPL） （GPL） （GPL）
AM 9：30～Explain the draft of final report 9：30～Explain the draft of final report 9：30～Explain the draft of final report 3/1（Thu） （CARICOM） （CARICOM） （CARICOM） PM
AM Site survey Site survey Site survey 3/2（Fri） PM Preparing documents Preparing documents Preparing documents
AM 3/3（Sat） Preparing documents Preparing documents Preparing documents PM
AM 3/4（Sun） Preparing documents Preparing documents Preparing documents PM
9:00 Courtesy call on MoFA 9:00 Courtesy call on MoFA 9:00 Courtesy call on MoFA AM 10:00 Discussion（GEA） 10:00 Discussion（GEA） 10:00 Discussion（GEA） 3/5（Mon） 11:30 Discussion（GPL） 11:30 Discussion（GPL） 11:30 Discussion（GPL） PM 13:00Discussion（CARICOM）, 13:00Discussion（CARICOM）, 13:00Discussion（CARICOM）, Site survey Site survey Site survey
AM Minutes of Discussion（GPL） Minutes of Discussion（GPL） Minutes of Discussion（GPL） 3/6（Tue） PM Minutes of Discussion（CARICOM） Minutes of Discussion（CARICOM） Minutes of Discussion（CARICOM）
Minutes of Discussion Minutes of Discussion Minutes of Discussion AM （GEA,GPL,CARICOM） （GEA,GPL,CARICOM） （GEA,GPL,CARICOM） 3/7（Wed） Courtesy call on MoPI Courtesy call on MoPI Courtesy call on MoPI PM Courtesy call on MoF Courtesy call on MoF Courtesy call on MoF
AM Guyana → Trinidad Tobago
3/8（Thu） 14:00～ 14:00～ 14:00～ PM Meeting with Embassy of Japan Meeting with Embassy of Japan Meeting with Embassy of Japan （Trinidad and Tobago) （Trinidad and Tobago) （Trinidad and Tobago)
AM 3/9（Fri）
PM Trinidad Tobago → New York
AM New York → Japan 3/10（Sat） PM
A2-5 The Preparatory Survey for the Project for the Introduction of Renewable Energy and Improvement of Power System in the Co-operative Republic of Guyana Appendix 3 Final Report List of Parties concerned in the Recipient Country
APPENDIX 3
LIST OF PARTIES CONCERNED IN THE RECIPIENT COUNTRY
1 The Preparatory Survey for the Project for the Introduction of Renewable Energy and Improvement of Power System in the Co-operative Republic of Guyana
Appendix 3 Final Report List of Parties concerned in the Recipient Country
Appendix 3：List of Parties concerned in the Recipient Country
Guyana Energy Agency (GEA) Dr. Mahender Sharma CEO Ms. Gayle Primo-Best Deputy CEO Ms. Shevon Wood Head of Energy and Energy Statistics
Guyana Power & Light Inc.(GPL) Mr. Albert Gordon Chief Executive Officer Mr. Elwyn Marshall Deputy CEO Technical Mr. Shazad Carrim System Planning and Design Mr. Ryan Ross Division Director Projects Ms.Timika System Planning and Design Mr. Dhanraj Bachai Senior System Planning and Design Engineer Mr. Donald Nurse Program Coordinator
Guyana Revenue Authority (GRA) Ms. Martina Halley Ms. Joniece Alfred
Caribbean Community (CARICOM) Ms. Manorma Soeknandan Deputy Secretary General Dr. Devon Gardner Program Manager, Energy Mr. Ian Cole Project Officer, Administrative Services Mr. Desmond John Director, Resource Mobilization and Technical Assistance Ms. Melanie Ffrench Secretariat Mr. Dhester James Secretariat Mr. David Chan Secretariat Mr. Derrick Agdomar Secretariat Mr. Kenneth Williams Deputy Program Manager, Administrative Services Mr. Element Humes Mr. Chester James Secretariat
Ministry of Foreign Affairs(MoFA) Ambassador Rawle Lucas Executive Director for Economic Cooperation and Technical Assistance Ms. Vanessa Dickenson Director, Department of International Cooperation Mr. Rosshanda Bagot Foreign Service Officer, Department of International Cooperation Ms. Charlewe Phoenix
Consul General Mr. Kashir A. Khan Honorary Council General for Japan
A3-1 The Preparatory Survey for the Project for the Introduction of Renewable Energy and Improvement of Power System in the Co-operative Republic of Guyana Appendix 3 List of Parties concerned in the Recipient Country Final Report
Ministry of Finance (MoF) Ms. Donna Levi Department Head,Bilateral Mr. Hector C. Butts Finance Secretary Ms. Eileen Quamina
Ministry of Public Infrastructure（MoPI） Mr. David A. Patterson Minister of Public Infrastructure Mr. Kenneth Jordan Permanent Secretary
Inter-American Development Bank Mr. Jaime Sologuren Energy Specialist, Infrastructure and Environment Sector Mr. Lerone Williams Energy Consultant
Embassy of Japan in Trinidad and Tobago Mr. Mitsuhiko Okada Ambassador Mr. Shinichiro Kobayashi Second Secretary
Environmental Protection Agency Kemraj Parsram Executive Director
The Preparatory Survey for the Project for the Introduction A3-2 of Renewable Energy and Improvement of Power System in the Co-operative Republic of Guyana Appendix 4 Final Report Minutes of Discussions
APPENDIX 4
MINUTES OF DISCUSSIONS
1 The Preparatory Survey for the Project for the Introduction of Renewable Energy and Improvement of Power System in the Co-operative Republic of Guyana