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Pdf 701.87 K Mistreatment and Its Associated Factors among Women during Labor and Delivery in Hospitals of Silte Town, Southern Ethiopia Hassen Mosa Halil (MSc)1, Yonas Tesfaye Zeleke (MSc)2, Ritbano Ahmed Abdo (MSc)1*, Ayanos Taye Benti (MSc)3 1 Lecturer, Department of Midwifery, Faculty of Medicine and Health Science, Wachemo University, Hossana, Ethiopia 2 Lecturer, Department of Nursing and Midwifery, Institute of Health Faculty of Health Science, Jimma University, Jimma, Ethiopia 3 Assistant professor, Department of Nursing and Midwifery, Institute of Health Faculty of Health Science, Jimma University, Jimma, Ethiopia A R T I C L E I N F O A B S T R A C T Article type: Background & aim: Current evidence clearly shows that the mistreatment of Original article women during labor and childbirth in health facilities is on the rise all over the world. This kind of disrespectful treatment deters women from seeking care. In Article History: spite of this, little attention has been devoted to this critical issue both in practice Received: 22-Sep-2019 and research. With this background in mind, the current study aimed to investigate Accepted: 12-Feb-2020 the prevalence of mistreatment and its associated factors among women during labor and childbirth in public hospitals of Silte Town, Southern Ethiopia. Key words: Methods: This hospital-based cross-sectional study was carried out on 409 Mistreatment participants using the systematic sampling method within March 1-30, 2018. The Associated factors data collection was performed using a structured instrument. The data were Labor entered into EpiData software (version 3.1) and analyzed in SPSS software Delivery (version 23). Binary logistic regression analyses were computed to identify the associated factors at 95% CI. Results: The overall prevalence of mistreatment was observed to be 67.7%. The factors which were significantly associated with the mistreatment included complicated labor (AOR=2.6; 95%CI: 1.07-6.06) and a longer stay at a health facility (AOR=2.6; 95% CI: 1.34-5.18). On the other hand, having antenatal care visits (AOR=0.5; 95% CI: 0.4-0.79) and the existence of birth companion during childbirth (AOR=0.35; 95% CI: 0.21-0.57) were found to be protective factors of mistreatment. Conclusion: Mistreatment during childbirth and labor is still a serious public concern in the study area. Therefore, all the responsible bodies must develop efficient methods for the prevention and elimination of mistreatment. To this end, they need to strengthen the continuous provision of antenatal care education and counseling, allow for the presence of birth companions, and minimize unnecessarily long health facility stays after childbirth. Please cite this paper as: Halil HM, Tesfaye Zeleke Y, Ahmed Abdo R, Taye Benti A. Mistreatment and Its Associated Factors among Women during Labor and Delivery in Hospitals of Silte Town, Southern Ethiopia. Journal of Midwifery and Reproductive Health. 2020; 8(3): 2342-2349. DOI: 10.22038/jmrh.2020.43343.1512 Introduction Respectful maternity care is a universal appreciation of women's moral principles, human right that is due emotional state, self-worth, choices, and to every expectant woman in every setting. favorites [1, 2]. Whereas, mistreatment is Nonetheless, many women experience recognized as the violation of this fundamental mistreatment during labor and childbirth in a principle of human rights [3, 4]. In the health health institution. Respectful care involves the facilities of several developing countries, women * Corresponding author: Ritbano Ahmed Abdo, Lecturer, Department of Midwifery, College of Medicine and Health Science, Wachemo University, Hossana, Ethiopia, Email: [email protected] Mistreatment During Labor and Delivery JMRH Halil HM et al. might encounter different types of mistreatment importance which can be achieved by respectful during labor and delivery, such as physical care and psychological support [5, 15, 16]. abuse, non-consented care, non-confidential In general, there is a paucity of inclusive care, non-dignified care, discrimination, evidence regarding the extent and associated abandonment of care, and detention at health factors of mistreatment in Ethiopia, especially in facilities. Risk factors associated with the study area. Nonetheless, it is absolutely mistreatment include lower socioeconomic essential to benefit from up-to-date information status, normalization, provider prejudice, as for the development of preventive strategies. It well as the absence of independence, confidence, increases the number of women delivering at and strength [5] health facilities and by doing so decreases As evidence revealed, the prevalence of maternal mortality. Therefore, the present study maternal mistreatment during childbirth aimed to determine the prevalence and risk varies substantially from one country to factors associated with mistreatment amongst another. For instance, it was reported as 15% in mothers during labor and childbirth at the Tanzania [6], 20% in Kenya [7], 78% in Ethiopia hospitals of Silte Town, Southern Ethiopia. [8], and 97.4% in Peru [9]. Lack of respectful care during delivery is still a continuing cause Materials and Methods This hospital-based cross-sectional study of the untold suffering of women in the most was conducted at Worabe Comprehensive vulnerable times of their lives. These traumatic Specialized Hospital, Kibet Primary Hospital, experiences exert long-lasting negative effects Tora Primary Hospital, and Alemgebeya Primary on women all throughout their lives [10]. Hospital, Silte Zone, Southern Ethiopia within Women who experience mistreatment during March 1-30, 2018. Our source population labor and childbirth may not choose the facility included all women who gave birth in selected for their subsequent deliveries [11] and may not Hospitals of Silte Zone in the study period. The recommend it to other women [12]. study populations were sampled women who Mistreatment not only affects healthcare delivered in nominated Hospitals of Silte Zone in utilization but also violates women’s the study period. The inclusion criteria entailed the sampled women who delivered in fundamental human rights [13]. nominated Hospitals The poor quality of care during childbirth has during the entire study period. However, remained a major challenge and concern to the critically ill women during the data collection point that maternal health has been recognized period were excluded from the study. as one of the three Sustainable Development The sample size was calculated using the Goals. In Ethiopia, access to health care services single population proportion formula via EPI has improved, and free maternity services are INFO software (version 7). The subsequent introduced. However, the mere improvement of conventions were applied: a confidence interval access is not sufficient to raise the uptake of of 95%, the desired degree of precision 5%, skilled maternity care. According to the report women’s experiencing mistreatment during labor and delivery as 50%, and a non-response of Ethiopian Demographic Health Study (2016), rate of 10%. Consequently, the sample size was only 26% of mothers had health facility delivery obtained at 422. A systematic random sampling and the rate of maternal death was found to be method was employed to enroll the 412 per 100, 000 live births [14]. Mistreatment respondents, while the probability- continues to be a major threat proportional-to-size method was used to in seeking health service delivery. However, it determine the number of respondents from each has not received the attention it deserves, as study hospital. The first respondent from each compared to other barriers, such as cost or hospital was selected randomly, and subsequent distance. Therefore, the protection and respondents were then selected from every appreciation of women's rights are of utmost third interval. J Midwifery Reprod Health. 2020; 8(3):2342-2349 2343 Halil HM et al. JMRH Mistreatment During Labor and Delivery Data were collected by organized and pre- Non-consented care involved at least one of the tested questionnaires. The data collection following: care providers' refrain from instrument was developed after the revision of introducing themselves, discouraging patient the integrated tool kit of maternal and child question asking, impolite responses, non- health package of respectful care [17]. It was explanation of what is being done, absence of designed to collect information regarding the periodic updates, denied childbirth positions, characteristics of socio-demographic data, and non-obtainment of permission for obstetric-related factors, and categories of procedures. Non-dignified care involved care mistreatment. Three midwives with relevant provider's negative comments and/or shouting. diplomas and two with bachelor’s degrees were Abandonment meant being ignored when recruited for the data collection and supervision. needed help and/or delivery without birth Thereafter, the tool was initially prepared in attendant. Discrimination included poorly English, and it was again translated into treated due language and/or poorly treated due Amharic. In addition, the tool was translated age. Detention implied being detained for failure into English to guarantee its standardization; to pay and/or being asked for informal payment. finally, the Amharic version was employed to The obtained data were entered into EpiData collect the data. The pre-test was conducted on software (version) 3.1 and analyzed in SPSS 21 women at Butajira
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