Change of Ownership of Equines- Information for Buyers and Sellers
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Three-Toed Browsing Horse Anchitherium (Equidae) from the Miocene of Panama
J. Paleonl., 83(3), 2009, pp. 489-492 Copyright © 2009, The Paleontological Society 0022-3360/09/0083-489S03.00 THREE-TOED BROWSING HORSE ANCHITHERIUM (EQUIDAE) FROM THE MIOCENE OF PANAMA BRUCE J. MACFADDEN Florida Museum of Natural History, University of Florida, Gainesville FL 32611, <[email protected]> INTRODUCTION (CRNHT/APL); L, left; M, upper molar; R upper premolar; R, DURING THE Cenozoic, the New World tropics supported a rich right; TRN, greatest transverse width. biodiversity of mammals. However, because of the dense SYSTEMATIC PALEONTOLOGY vegetative ground cover, today relatively little is known about extinct mammals from this region (MacFadden, 2006a). In an Class MAMMALIA Linnaeus, 1758 exception to this generalization, fossil vertebrates have been col- Order PERISSODACTYLA Owen, 1848 lected since the second half of the twentieth century from Neo- Family EQUIDAE Gray, 1821 gene exposures along the Panama Canal. Whitmore and Stewart Genus ANCHITHERIUM Meyer, 1844 (1965) briefly reported on the extinct land mammals collected ANCHITHERIUM CLARENCI Simpson, 1932 from the Miocene Cucaracha Formation that crops out in the Gail- Figures 1, 2, Table 1 lard Cut along the southern reaches of the Canal. MacFadden Referred specimen.—UF 236937, partial palate (maxilla) with (2006b) formally described this assemblage, referred to as the L P1-M3, R P1-P3, and small fragment of anterointernal part of Gaillard Cut Local Fauna (L.E, e.g., Tedford et al., 2004), which P4 (Fig. 1). Collected by Aldo Rincon of the Smithsonian Tropical consists of at least 10 species of carnivores, artiodactyls (also see Research Institute, Republic of Panama, on 15 May 2008. -
Genomics and the Evolutionary History of Equids Pablo Librado, Ludovic Orlando
Genomics and the Evolutionary History of Equids Pablo Librado, Ludovic Orlando To cite this version: Pablo Librado, Ludovic Orlando. Genomics and the Evolutionary History of Equids. Annual Review of Animal Biosciences, Annual Reviews, 2021, 9 (1), 10.1146/annurev-animal-061220-023118. hal- 03030307 HAL Id: hal-03030307 https://hal.archives-ouvertes.fr/hal-03030307 Submitted on 30 Nov 2020 HAL is a multi-disciplinary open access L’archive ouverte pluridisciplinaire HAL, est archive for the deposit and dissemination of sci- destinée au dépôt et à la diffusion de documents entific research documents, whether they are pub- scientifiques de niveau recherche, publiés ou non, lished or not. The documents may come from émanant des établissements d’enseignement et de teaching and research institutions in France or recherche français ou étrangers, des laboratoires abroad, or from public or private research centers. publics ou privés. Annu. Rev. Anim. Biosci. 2021. 9:X–X https://doi.org/10.1146/annurev-animal-061220-023118 Copyright © 2021 by Annual Reviews. All rights reserved Librado Orlando www.annualreviews.org Equid Genomics and Evolution Genomics and the Evolutionary History of Equids Pablo Librado and Ludovic Orlando Laboratoire d’Anthropobiologie Moléculaire et d’Imagerie de Synthèse, CNRS UMR 5288, Université Paul Sabatier, Toulouse 31000, France; email: [email protected] Keywords equid, horse, evolution, donkey, ancient DNA, population genomics Abstract The equid family contains only one single extant genus, Equus, including seven living species grouped into horses on the one hand and zebras and asses on the other. In contrast, the equine fossil record shows that an extraordinarily richer diversity existed in the past and provides multiple examples of a highly dynamic evolution punctuated by several waves of explosive radiations and extinctions, cross-continental migrations, and local adaptations. -
Framing Contemporary U.S. Wild Horse and Burro Management Processes in a Dynamic Ecological, Sociological, and Political Environment
Human–Wildlife Interactions 12(1):31–45, Spring 2018 Synthesis Framing contemporary U.S. wild horse and burro management processes in a dynamic ecological, sociological, and political environment J. Dˎ˛ˎ˔ Sˌˊ˜˝ˊ, Department of Ecosystem Science and Management, University of Wyoming, 1000 E. University Ave., Laramie, WY 82071, USA [email protected] Jˊˌ˘ˋ D. Hˎ˗˗˒ː, Department of Ecosystem Science and Management, University of Wyoming, 1000 E. University Ave., Laramie, WY 82071, USA Jˎˏˏ˛ˎˢ L. Bˎˌ˔, Department of Ecosystem Science and Management, University of Wyoming, 1000 E. University Ave., Laramie, WY 82071, USA Abstract: The Wild Free-Roaming Horses and Burros Act (WFRHBA) of 1971 established all “unbranded or unclaimed” equids on U.S. public lands as “living symbols of the historic and pioneer spirit of the West.” Today, >72,000 feral horses (Equus ferus caballus) and burros (E. asinus; WHB) live on western U.S. public rangelands. The number of WHBs exceeds the Bureau of Land Management’s maximum Appropriate Management Level (AML) of 26,715 by a factor of approximately 2.7 and has nearly doubled from 2007–2015. The AML was set to balance WHB numbers with rangeland health and support other uses such as wildlife habitat and livestock grazing. Thus, public land management agencies must manage WHB under the multiple-use context. This becomes more problematic when WHB populations go largely unmanaged and excessive equid grazing negatively impacts rangeland vegetation, native wildlife, and livestock forage. In addition, approximately 46,000 WHBs exist in off -range holding facilities, further straining federal budgets. Contemporary management actions are being constrained by: (1) litigation that has stymied federal government WFRHBA enforcement eff orts, (2) public emotional concerns that lack reconciliation with the current situation, and (3) increasing complexity in the laws and subsequent amendments shaping WHB management policy. -
Speciation with Gene Flow in Equids Despite Extensive Chromosomal Plasticity
Speciation with gene flow in equids despite extensive chromosomal plasticity Hákon Jónssona,1, Mikkel Schuberta,1, Andaine Seguin-Orlandoa,b,1, Aurélien Ginolhaca, Lillian Petersenb, Matteo Fumagallic,d, Anders Albrechtsene, Bent Petersenf, Thorfinn S. Korneliussena, Julia T. Vilstrupa, Teri Learg, Jennifer Leigh Mykag, Judith Lundquistg, Donald C. Millerh, Ahmed H. Alfarhani, Saleh A. Alquraishii, Khaled A. S. Al-Rasheidi, Julia Stagegaardj, Günter Straussk, Mads Frost Bertelsenl, Thomas Sicheritz-Pontenf, Douglas F. Antczakh, Ernest Baileyg, Rasmus Nielsenc, Eske Willersleva, and Ludovic Orlandoa,2 aCentre for GeoGenetics, Natural History Museum of Denmark, University of Copenhagen, DK-1350 Copenhagen K, Denmark; bNational High-Throughput DNA Sequencing Center, DK-1353 Copenhagen K, Denmark; cDepartment of Integrative Biology, University of California, Berkeley, CA 94720; dUCL Genetics Institute, Department of Genetics, Evolution, and Environment, University College London, London WC1E 6BT, United Kingdom; eThe Bioinformatics Centre, Department of Biology, University of Copenhagen, DK-2200 Copenhagen N, Denmark; fCentre for Biological Sequence Analysis, Department of Systems Biology, Technical University of Denmark, DK-2800 Lyngby, Denmark; gMaxwell H. Gluck Equine Research Center, Veterinary Science Department, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY 40546; hBaker Institute for Animal Health, College of Veterinary Medicine, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY 14853; iZoology Department, College of Science, King Saud University, Riyadh 11451, Saudi Arabia; jRee Park, Ebeltoft Safari, DK-8400 Ebeltoft, Denmark; kTierpark Berlin-Friedrichsfelde, 10319 Berlin, Germany; and lCentre for Zoo and Wild Animal Health, Copenhagen Zoo, DK-2000 Frederiksberg, Denmark Edited by Andrew G. Clark, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY, and approved October 27, 2014 (received for review July 3, 2014) Horses, asses, and zebras belong to a single genus, Equus,which Conservation of Nature. -
Testing of Equidae During Import Quarantine
United States Department of Agriculture Marketing and Regulatory Programs Animal and Plant Health Inspection Service Veterinary Services VS Guidance 13407.1 Testing of Equidae during Import Quarantine 1. Purpose and Background This document establishes guidelines for testing quarantined equidae to determine their import eligibility. These testing requirements apply to all equidae, including horses, donkeys, mules, asses, and zebras. This guidance uses the terms “equidae” and “horse” interchangeably. VS personnel test horses presented for import to exclude four diseases from the United States: dourine, glanders, equine infectious anemia (EIA), and equine piroplasmosis (EP). Horses must test negative on official tests for antibodies to these four diseases’ causative agents before VS will release them from quarantine and allow entry into the United States. This guidance document represents the Agency’s position on this topic. It does not create or confer any rights for or on any person and does not bind the U.S. Department of Agriculture (USDA) or the public. VS may make this information available to the public. While this document provides guidance for users outside Veterinary Services (VS), VS employees may not deviate from the directions provided herein without appropriate justification and supervisory concurrence. 2. Document Status A. Review date: January 5, 2021. B. This guidance, which VS has updated to include tests currently in use, cancels and replaces VS Memorandum No. 591.58, dated Aug. 22, 2005. 3. Reason for Reissuance Not applicable. 4. Authority and References A. Authorities (Code of Federal Regulations (CFR)): 7 CFR 371.4 9 CFR 93.304 9 CFR 93.306 9 CFR 93.308 9 CFR 93.317 9 CFR 93.324 1 United States Department of Agriculture Marketing and Regulatory Programs Animal and Plant Health Inspection Service Veterinary Services VS Guidance 13407.1 B. -
The Nomenclature of the African Wild Ass
The nomenclature of the African wild ass C.P. Groves & C. Smeenk Groves, C.P. & C. Smeenk. The nomenclature of the African wild ass. Zool. Med. Leiden 81 (6), 8.vi.2007: 121-135, fi gs 1-8.— ISSN 0024-0672. Colin P. Groves, School of Archaeology and Anthropology, Australian National University, Canberra, ACT 0200, Australia (e-mail: [email protected]). Chris Smeenk, National Museum of Natural History, P.O. Box 9517, 2300 RA Leiden, The Netherlands (e-mail: [email protected]). Key words: Perissodactyla; Equidae; Equus africanus africanus; Equus africanus somaliensis; Equus taeniopus; history; taxonomy; nomenclature; lectotype; Africa. The 19th-century reports on the occurrence and identity of wild asses in North-East Africa are reviewed, as well as the names applied in various publications by Fitzinger and von Heuglin, respectively. The fi rst published name for the African wild ass, Asinus africanus Fitzinger, 1858, is a nomen nudum. The name Equus taeniopus von Heuglin, 1861 is rejected as indeterminable, as it is based on an animal that cannot be identifi ed and may have been a hybrid between a domestic donkey and a Somali wild ass; the type has not been preserved. The fi rst available name thus becomes Asinus africanus von Heuglin & Fitzinger, 1866. A lectotype is designated: a skull of an adult female collected by von Heuglin near At- bara River, Sudan, and present in the Museum für Naturkunde in Stuttgart, MNS 32026. A review of taxonomic and nomenclatural actions by later authors is given. The two subspecies recognized are the Nubian wild ass Equus a. -
Remus Horse Passports Advice Sheet 2014
HORSE PASSPORTS All horse owners must have a passport for their horses. The owner of a horse shall obtain a passport for it on or before 31 December of the year of its birth or by six months after its birth, whichever is the later. Foals born since 1 August 2009 need to be microchipped with a unique number that is matched to the owner's contact details, as well as getting a passport. A horse cannot be sold without a passport (veterinary or breed certificates are not passports). When a horse is sold, the seller must give the passport to the buyer at the time of the sale and the buyer must register the new ownership within 30 days. If a horse dies or is slaughtered, the keeper must return the passport to the passport-issuing organisation within 30 days of the animal's death. Definition of 'horse' For the purpose of the Horse Passports Regulations 2009, the term 'horse' means any wild, exotic or domesticated soliped from within the genus Equus of the family Equidae - for example horse, donkey, mule, hinny (jennet), zebra, Przewalski or their crosses. Why does my horse need a passport? Horse passports are required by law, and are necessary in order to prevent horses entering the human food chain if they have been treated with medicines that must not be administered to food- producing animals. Although we do not consume horsemeat in any great quantity in the UK, a large number of horses are slaughtered in Britain each year for export for human consumption. -
Ancient Feeding, Ecology and Extinction of Pleistocene Horses from the Pampean Region, Argentina
CORE Metadata, citation and similar papers at core.ac.uk Provided by Digital.CSIC AMEGHINIANA (Rev. Asoc. Paleontol. Argent.) - 43 (2): 427-436. Buenos Aires, 30-6-2006 ISSN 0002-7014 Ancient feeding, ecology and extinction of Pleistocene horses from the Pampean Region, Argentina Begoña SÁNCHEZ1, José Luis PRADO2 and María Teresa ALBERDI1 Abstract. To reconstruct the diet and habitat preference of fossil horses, we measured the carbon and oxygen isotope composition of 35 bone and tooth samples of Equus (Amerhippus) neogeus Lund, Hippidion principale (Lund), and Hippidion devillei (Gervais) from 10 different Pleistocene localities in the Pampean region (Argentina). To compare the three species by stratigraphic age, we divided the samples into three groups: lower Pleistocene, middle-late Pleistocene and latest Pleistocene. Samples of Hippidion devillei from the lower Pleistocene were more homogeneous, with δ13C val- ues ranging between -11.73 to -9.79‰. These data indicate a diet exclusively dominated by C3 plants. In contrast, Hippidion principale and Equus (Amerhippus) neogeus from middle-late Pleistocene showed a wide range of feeding adap- tations (with a range of δ13C values between -12.05 to -8.08 ‰ in Hippidion and δ13C values between -11.46 to -7.21 ‰ in Equus (Amerhippus)). These data seem to indicate a mixed C3 - C4 diet, while data from the latest Pleistocene suggest 18 a tendency toward an exclusively C3 diet for both species. Furthermore, the results of δ O indicate an increase of ap- proximately 4ºC from the early to latest Pleistocene in this area. Several nutritional hypotheses explaining latest Pleistocene extinctions are based on the assumption that extinct taxa had specialized diets. -
Code of Practice for the Welfare of HORSES, PONIES, DONKEYS and THEIR HYBRIDS
Code of practice for the welfare of HORSES, PONIES, DONKEYS AND THEIR HYBRIDS Code of Practice for the Welfare of Horses, Ponies, Donkeys and Their Hybrids Presented to Parliament pursuant to section 15 of the Animal Welfare Act 2006 December 2017 © Crown copyright 2017 This publication is licensed under the terms of the Open Government Licence v3.0 except where otherwise stated. To view this licence, visit nationalarchives.gov.uk/doc/open-government-licence/ version/3 Where we have identified any third party copyright information you will need to obtain permission from the copyright holders concerned. This publication is available at www.gov.uk/government/publications Any enquiries regarding this publication should be sent to us at Department for Environment, Food and Rural Affairs 17 Smith Square London SW1P 3JR ISBN 978-1-5286-0172-6 CCS1217633088 12/17 Printed on paper containing 75% recycled fibre content minimum Printed in the UK by the APS Group on behalf of the Controller of Her Majesty’s Stationery Office Contents Introduction ........................................................................ 6 The duty of care................................................................. 7 How to provide a suitable environment for your horse................................................ 9 How to provide a suitable diet for your horse............................................................ 16 Body Condition Scoring - Horses .................................... 20 Body Condition Scoring - Donkeys ................................. -
SOME REMARKS on the AFRICAN WILD ASS Without Any Doubt the African Wild Ass Should Be Considered a Species Threatened with Extin
SOME REMARKS ON THE AFRICAN WILD ASS by A. C. V. VAN BEMMEL Rijksmuseum van Natuurlijke Historie, Leiden With two plates INTRODUCTION Without any doubt the African Wild Ass should be considered a species threatened with extinction. Therefore, it seems worth-while to collect as many data on this species as possible and to do this quickly. Data and material, however, are scarce. Many sportsmen and zoologists observed the animal in natural conditions and hardly any book or paper on the wildlife of regions in which Wild Asses occurred or still can be found, fails to record some observations. However, these observations mostly are more or less incidental. Only during the last years some special studies have been made on the last remnants of the Wild Ass in Ethiopia and Somalia (Simon, 1966, 1968; Blower, 1968; Klingel, 1971a, b), in order to prepare some measures for the conservation of the species. From a zoological point of view, we are too late to collect all information necessary to give an appropriate account of the original distribution both of the species as a whole and of all subspecies that might be distinguished, and even of the taxonomic characters of these subspecies. The question as to how many subspecies once existed must remain unanswered. At least one subspecies still survives (Harper, 1945), the fate of others is uncertain. Material of the African Wild Ass is extremely scarce in museum collections. The reason is that most material of big game in museum collections has not been collected on purpose by zoological collectors, but by sportsmen hunting for trophies. -
Habitat Use by the Persian Onager, Equus
This article was downloaded by: [Haniyeh Nowzari] On: 03 September 2013, At: 23:46 Publisher: Taylor & Francis Informa Ltd Registered in England and Wales Registered Number: 1072954 Registered office: Mortimer House, 37-41 Mortimer Street, London W1T 3JH, UK Journal of Natural History Publication details, including instructions for authors and subscription information: http://www.tandfonline.com/loi/tnah20 Habitat use by the Persian onager, Equus hemionus onager (Perissodactyla: Equidae) in Qatrouyeh National Park, Fars, Iran Haniyeh Nowzari a , Mahmoudreza Hemami b , Mahmoud Karami a , Mir Masoud Kheirkhah Zarkesh a , Borhan Riazi a & Daniel I. Rubenstein c a Department of Environment and Energy, Science and Research Branch , Islamic Azad University , Tehran , Iran b Department of Natural Resources , Isfahan University of Technology , Isfahan , Iran c Department of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology , Princeton University , Princeton , NJ , USA Published online: 03 Sep 2013. To cite this article: Journal of Natural History (2013): Habitat use by the Persian onager, Equus hemionus onager (Perissodactyla: Equidae) in Qatrouyeh National Park, Fars, Iran, Journal of Natural History To link to this article: http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/00222933.2013.802040 PLEASE SCROLL DOWN FOR ARTICLE Taylor & Francis makes every effort to ensure the accuracy of all the information (the “Content”) contained in the publications on our platform. However, Taylor & Francis, our agents, and our licensors make no representations or warranties whatsoever as to the accuracy, completeness, or suitability for any purpose of the Content. Any opinions and views expressed in this publication are the opinions and views of the authors, and are not the views of or endorsed by Taylor & Francis. -
Comparative Gene Mapping for Equus Przewalskii and E
University of Kentucky UKnowledge University of Kentucky Doctoral Dissertations Graduate School 2003 COMPARATIVE GENE MAPPING FOR EQUUS PRZEWALSKII AND E. HEMIONUS ONAGER WITH INVESTIGATION OF A HOMOLOGOUS CHROMOSOME POLYMORPHISM IN EQUIDAE Jennifer Leigh Myka University of Kentucky, [email protected] Right click to open a feedback form in a new tab to let us know how this document benefits ou.y Recommended Citation Myka, Jennifer Leigh, "COMPARATIVE GENE MAPPING FOR EQUUS PRZEWALSKII AND E. HEMIONUS ONAGER WITH INVESTIGATION OF A HOMOLOGOUS CHROMOSOME POLYMORPHISM IN EQUIDAE" (2003). University of Kentucky Doctoral Dissertations. 476. https://uknowledge.uky.edu/gradschool_diss/476 This Dissertation is brought to you for free and open access by the Graduate School at UKnowledge. It has been accepted for inclusion in University of Kentucky Doctoral Dissertations by an authorized administrator of UKnowledge. For more information, please contact [email protected]. ABSTRACT OF DISSERTATION Jennifer Leigh Myka The Graduate School University of Kentucky 2003 COMPARATIVE GENE MAPPING FOR EQUUS PRZEWALSKII AND E. HEMIONUS ONAGER WITH INVESTIGATION OF A HOMOLOGOUS CHROMOSOME POLYMORPHISM IN EQUIDAE ABSTRACT OF DISSERTATION A dissertation submitted in partial fulfillment of the Requirements for the degree of Doctor of Philosophy in the College of Agriculture at the University of Kentucky By Jennifer Leigh Myka Whitesville, Kentucky Co-Director: Dr. Teri L. Lear, Research Assistant Professor; Co-Director: Dr. Ernest Bailey, Professor; Department of Veterinary Science Lexington, Kentucky 2003 Copyright © Jennifer Leigh Myka 2003 ABSTRACT OF DISSERTATION COMPARATIVE GENE MAPPING FOR EQUUS PRZEWALSKII AND E. HEMIONUS ONAGER WITH INVESTIGATION OF A HOMOLOGOUS CHROMOSOME POLYMORPHISM IN EQUIDAE The ten extant species in the genus Equus are separated by less than 3.7 million years of evolution.