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Why Is Mesoamerica the Site of Book of Mormon Lands?

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Why Is Mesoamerica the Site of Book of Mormon Lands? cs' rr'J-a-) PRE-COLUMBIANSTUDIES INSTITUTE . NOVEMBER/DECEMBER 2011 . VOLUME18 NUMBER 6 \\''hr is ;\lc'sorlr-ltclicl thc Sitcof T 'i\'lot'lll()ll I lJootr.-of l,llrrcts/ l)rtr [ ] 4 i it'.rltt,i i ir' i., ]rinriir it' i..iult'\rrtrtii j tt')ii't.itiitt',-ri ri l.rr lr.r,il(iIi iii //ir .t1t'r):1t'til.iit 'i 'ji.' iii;l .,t'!!iiii !tlr !']ut,l,:t.t! ,\tjtli tii(tii iii iiqi'ii ti]lJL'(,t,tii 'iil.'.rriiill ,l,1irI t!ltti! t)iirl C/..\ .ti'1llii'..',ir irf ;-rrry.ir'ri lr: it('i'!iti,, Tl-refoundation fbr this seriesof articlesbegan with an introduction by ShirleyHeater, 'Hot' 'An "Book of Monnor-rGeography Remains a Topici'and the article Account of Those Ancient Inhabitants:Nephites" by Lyle Smith (both fuly/August201I glyph notes),followed by "\rVhyIs Mesoamericathe Siteof Book of Mormon Lands?"by Glenn Scott(Sept./Oct. 20II glyph notes).Taken together, these articles by Smith and Scottprovide good evidence fbr Mesoamericaas the setting,leading to the only conclusionpossible, that the hill in New York Statewhere the angelMoror-ri took fosephSmith to find the plateswhich becameThe Bookof Mormon is not the Hill Cumorahtalked about in The Bookof Mormon. As we contitruethe selies,we will follow Smith'sformat by examiningour primary source-The Book of Mormon. If you believethis book is a true recordwritten by ancient peopleswho oucelived in the Middle Eastarea and cameto a PromisedLand, then you cannot ignorethe geographicaland cultural ref'erencesmade in the book. Simply put, they 'After are either true or not. In the last issue,Scott qr-rotedLouis Hills as saying, yearsof teachingand defendingthe Book, I am convincedthat the geography,taken from a close studyof location as.foundin the recorditself, is tl'revery bestevidence that can be furnished to authenticatethe record"(emphasis added; Hills l9I7:[3]). We alsoare convinced of the wisdomof this approach. Discussedbelow is more supportfor Mesoamericaas a settingfbr The Book of Mormon; many such evidencesonly coming to light lnore than one hundred yearsafter The Book of Mormon waspublished. The Book of Mormon requilernentis presentedfirst, because if the book is true,we haveto useit asour foundationfor any evidenceto supportits validity.The validationfrom Mesoamericanarchaeology of The Book of Monnon requirementsfollows. Only a f-ewof possibletopics are discussed. i. ,t1;;.r;r,' i'ti,.., Far left: One of the 17 basaltheads found to date in the Olmec area, believed to be portraits of real people, is displayed in the muse.rm in Jalapa,Mexico. Left: The Olmec people created tools and ceremo- nial items from jade, a commodity highly prized both by the Olmec and the Maya. Top of page: Found _o O in Tlapacoya,an early site near o plate C Mexico City, this dates to o o sometimearound 1000-600B.C. Pnce r TRADEAND MIGRATION ROUTESOF THE OLMEC the Jarediteaccount as found in The A olvec oR oLMEc-TNFLUENcEDsrrEs Book of Mormon. The evidencein- o i""3i'f',8ff5'30;t"'-H"" /n cludes the correct timeframe, cul- DEPOSITSOF MAGNETITE(FOR MIRRORS) v VALLEY T DEPoSITSoF SERPENTINE ture, and a greatnation all during the enoaaele souRcEs oF JADE OFMEXICO ! 0 25 50 75 100125 150 PETEN-YUCATAN right three thousand years' period E'|vioron \"$;ri"r" Scaleof Miles PENINSULA and in the right location-north of a cualuptt.A OLTEC narrow neck (Isthmus of Tehuante- "HEARTLAIIO" pec)of land. AREA Lagu0a dc LATEROCCUPIED toa MAYA-NEPHITE/LAMANITE/ Lorenzo BY Coatzacoalcos R T6nochtitlan CLASSICMAYA oi ir MULEI(ITE CIVILIZATION a) Smith'sarticle in the |uly/August (o / 2011 issueof glyph notesgives abun- o - -- dance evidence from Mesoamerican c archaeologyto support the adventof these groups of people in The Book of Mormon with the Maya. Beloware a few other correlations. Mesoarnerica (( otrr,,l)ortr lrrut' I ) CEMENT IN THE LAND NORTHWARD EARLY CrV rLrZATr O NS / IARE D I T E S The Book of Mormon The Book of Mormon The Book of Mormon statesthat the peoplein the land The book of Ether describesa civilizationmuch earlier northward were expertsin the working of cement. than the peopleof Lehi and the Mulekites.They were led by And there being but little timber upon the face the hand of the Lord to the Promised Land from the great of the land, neverthelessthe people who went tower at the time of the confusionof languages.During a forth became exceedingexpert in the working period of their history, they were to be a mighty nation, 'And of cement therefore they did build houses of there shallbe none greaterthan the nation which I will cement, in the which they did dwell....And the raiseup unto me of thy seed,upon all the faceof the earth" peoplewho were in the land northward, did dwell (Ether 1:20[a3]). Their land was next to the land occupied in tents,and in housesof cement ... and thus they by the Nephites/Lamanites/Mulekitesand northward of a did enablethe people in the land northward, that narrow neck of land. Their civilizationlasted almost 3,000 they might build many cities, both of wood and years,until a couple of centuriesbefore the time of Christ. of cement (emphasisadded; Helama n 2:7-I0 l3:7- Mesoamerican Archaeology Correlation 101,circa 45-50B.C.). people Archaeologistshave discovered that therewere Mesoamerican Archaeology Correlation and a great civilization in Mesoamericaduring faredite Discoveriesmade by archaeologistsin Mesoamerica times. Th.y call them the Olmecs. The Olmecs and their strongly support this Book of Mormon requirement. predecessorsdate back to around 3000 B.C. Pottery Excellent examples come from the ruin of Dainzu in (Adams first appearsin Mesoamericaaround 29OOB.C. the Oaxaca area and from the ruins of Teotihuacan people 2005:afl. The archaeologistscall these early the outside Mexico City. Dainzu displayscement walls and predecessors of the Olmec. platforms dating before the time of Christ. The great Between2000 and 1500B.C., however, in the central plaza at Teotihuacan,measuring more than 400 meters portion of Middle America,there beganto emerge by 400 meters surrounding the Temple of Quetzalcoatl, a distinctivecultural pattern that would definethe culture areaof Mesoamerica(Pool 2007:3). The name Olmec also refersto an archaeological culture that flourished in the tropical lowlands of present-dayVeracruz and Tabascobetween 1800 and 400 B.C....(Berrin and Fields2010:19). Becauseof their early achievementin art, politics, religion and economics,the Olmec standfor many 'mother as a kind of culture' to all the civilizations that came after, including the Maya and the Aztec (Stuart 1993:92). Grasscovers the many layersof cement on the plaza in front of The archaeologicalfinds of Mesoamerica support the Pyramid of Quetzalcoatl. Pncr z was cemented over several times during the years of its In addition,words and pronunciationin languages'thange occupation (100 B.C. to A.D. 700). Theseare only two of with time, with usage,with the influenceof other languages the hundreds of examplesof cement work in Mesoamerica upon them, and with the transliteration of them from one north of the narrow neck of land or the Isthmus of languageto another" (Salonimer1995:vii). Tehuantepec (Scott 2002:179; Smith Only recently, as the phonetics of I992:I0; Cabrera, Sugiyama, Cowgill the Maya glyphs became known, have I99I:78; Hyman L970). some names of the kings and places been "translated" or "transliterated" MULEK AND LAMAN (matching soundsfrom one languageto another). The Book of Mormon So when we find Maya names that match Book of Mormon nameswe Two well-known names in The pay attention. Book of Mormon are Mulok/Mulek and Muluc is a day name in one of the Laman. Mulek camewith or led a group Maya calendars.As such, this name of people to the Promised Land when would have been known in all cities, Zedekiah was King of |udah. About towns 400 yearslater King Mosiah, a Nephite, and villages; a very famous name indeed. It's also possible it was led by the hand of the Lord down that is one of the city names for the Maya from the Land of Nephi to the City of ruined city known today as Yaxchilan. Zarahemla,named for the current king, If so, the original name Yaxchilan Zarahemla. The people of Zarahemla, of may have been Mulek, named after descendantsof Mulek and those who the founder of the Mulekites (Scott camewith him, arecalled the Mulekites. 2002:L64-I65). (The word Mulekites is not found in Almost none of the Maya cities The Book of Mormon.) Th"y were one between 600 B.C. and A.D. 400, of three major groups of people identi- the time period for The Book of Mormon, fied in The Book of Mormon beginning f were in existence when about 600 B.C. ! the Spanish Earrived. Nearly all had been abandoned Laman is the name of the oldest and lost to the jungle. One exception is son of Lehi. Shortly after arriving in Drawing of Yaxchilan Lintel 21. The the city of Lamanai,located in Belize.It the PromisedLand, about 585 B.C.,the muluc day sign is highlighted in yellow. had been continuously occupied from colony of Lehi divided into two groups. Below: C/oseup of a muluc day sign. the Late Preclassic(approximately 300 Some of the people followed Laman B.C.to A.D. 25)until and some followed Nephi, his younger afterthe Spanish arrived,so thereis no doubt aboutthe brother.The followersoflaman became city'sname. the Lamanites,the largestgroup, in fact Additionally, glyphs painted on a more numerous than the Mulekites and vesselshowing a palace scenegive the Nephites combined (Mos. LL:78-79 name of the king as Laman. "'We know [25:2-3). Both Mulek and Laman were that Maya king of Motul de San the start of major groups of people in [the] was named K'inich Laman Ek" The Book of Mormon.
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