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La Situation Des Minorités Sexuelles Et De Genre PHILIPPINES

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La Situation Des Minorités Sexuelles Et De Genre PHILIPPINES PHILIPPINES 29 novembre 2018 La situation des minorités sexuelles et de genre Avertissement Ce document a été élaboré par la Division de l’Information, de la Documentation et des Recherches de l’Ofpra en vue de fournir des informations utiles à l’examen des demandes de protection internationale. Il ne prétend pas faire le traitement exhaustif de la problématique, ni apporter de preuves concluantes quant au fondement d’une demande de protection internationale particulière. Il ne doit pas être considéré comme une position officielle de l’Ofpra ou des autorités françaises. Ce document, rédigé conformément aux lignes directrices communes à l’Union européenne pour le traitement de l’information sur le pays d’origine (avril 2008) [cf. https://www.ofpra.gouv.fr/sites/default/files/atoms/files/lignes_directrices_europeennes.pdf ], se veut impartial et se fonde principalement sur des renseignements puisés dans des sources qui sont à la disposition du public. Toutes les sources utilisées sont référencées. Elles ont été sélectionnées avec un souci constant de recouper les informations. Le fait qu’un événement, une personne ou une organisation déterminée ne soit pas mentionné(e) dans la présente production ne préjuge pas de son inexistence. La reproduction ou diffusion du document n’est pas autorisée, à l’exception d’un usage personnel, sauf accord de l’Ofpra en vertu de l’article L. 335-3 du code de la propriété intellectuelle. Philippines : La situation des minorités sexuelles et de genre Table des matières 1. Définitions et cadre juridique ......................................................................... 4 1.1. Définitions ................................................................................................... 4 1.2. Cadre juridique ............................................................................................ 4 1.2.1. Les instruments internationaux adoptés et/ou ratifiés par le pays ................. 4 1.2.2. Le cadre juridique national ...................................................................... 5 1.2.3. Le cadre politique ................................................................................... 9 2. Situation sociale ........................................................................................... 10 2.1. Attitude de la société ...................................................................................10 2.1.1. Perception générale ...............................................................................10 2.1.2. Attitude des médias ...............................................................................11 2.1.3. Position des personnalités publiques et religieuses ....................................13 2.1.4. Violences et atteintes aux droits .............................................................15 2.2. Visibilité des minorités sexuelles et de genre ..................................................19 2.2.1. Lieux de rencontre ................................................................................19 2.2.2. Associations .........................................................................................20 2.2.3. Manifestations ......................................................................................24 3. Attitude des autorités ................................................................................... 25 3.1. Protection par les forces de l’ordre ................................................................25 3.2. Accès à la justice et application des lois .........................................................27 Bibliographie .................................................................................................... 28 Résumé : Des projets de loi antidiscrimination sont présentés depuis plusieurs années au Congrès philippin, mais aucun n’a abouti. Les avancées juridiques sont donc le fait des provinces et des unités locales. Les législations restent, de manière générale, défavorables à la population LGBT : interdiction du mariage entre personnes de même sexe, interdiction de l’union civile entre personnes de même sexe et interdiction de modifier la mention du sexe à l’état civil suite à une opération de changement de sexe. La communauté LGBTI apparait comme acceptée aux Philippines, comme en témoignent les nombreuses organisations de défense des droits de celle-ci, les médias LGBTI, les d’événements publics tels que les Pride March, l’existence de lieux (bars, discothèques) qui lui sont spécifiquement dédiés et l’avis de la population donné lors d’études et de sondages. Pour autant, les personnes LGBTI font toujours face à la violence et à la discrimination dans leur famille, les institutions médicales et de santé, les écoles, leur emploi et de la part des autorités. Les inégalités vécues par les membres de la communauté LGBTI sont renforcées par l’hostilité de l’Eglise catholique, très influente dans le pays. 2 DIDR – OFPRA 29/11/2018 Philippines : La situation des minorités sexuelles et de genre Abstract: Antidiscrimination bills have been presented for several years at the Philippine Congress, but none has been successful. Legal progress is therefore made by the provinces and local units. Legislation remains generally unfavorable to the LGBT population: prohibition of same-sex marriage, prohibition of same-sex civil unions and prohibition of altering the sex designation in civil status following a sex change operation. The LGBTI community appears to be accepted in the Philippines because of the many organizations defending the rights of sexual minorities and identity and gender expression, LGBTI media, public events such as Pride March, the existence of places (bars, discotheques) that are specifically dedicated and the opinion of the population given during studies and surveys. However, LGBTI people still face violence and discrimination in their families, medical and health institutions, schools, their jobs and from the authorities. The inequalities experienced by members of the LGBTI community are reinforced by the hostility of the Catholic Church, which is very influential in the country. Nota : Les termes qualifiant les minorités sexuelles et de genre dans cette note sont ceux utilisés dans chacune des sources correspondantes référencées en notes de bas de page, à savoir LGBTTIQ (personnes lesbiennes, gays, bisexuelles, transgenres, transsexuelles, intersexuées et queer), LGBTIQ, LGBTI, LGBT ou LGBTIQA (lesbiennes, gays, bisexuels, transgenres, intersexes, queer et personnes asexuées), LBT (lesbiennes, femmes bisexuelles et trangenres). Aux Philippines, de nombreux termes sont utilisés pour identifier les personnes appartenant à la communauté LGBT, en fonction des zones géographiques et des cultures. Des centaines de termes désignant les membres des minorités sexuelles et de genre ont été identifiées lors du Dialogue National Philippin par des groupes de travail et compilées dans un rapport de l’USAID (United States Agency for International Development) et de l’UNDP (United Nations Development Programme) publié en 20141. Les termes de bakla ou gay sont les plus courants pour désigner un homme attiré par un autre homme. Les termes les plus utilisés pour identifier les lesbiennes sont lesbiyana, lesbian. Le terme le plus utilisé pour désigner les personnes attirées par plusieurs genres (bisexuelles) est bi. Les termes les plus utilisés pour identifier les personnes qui s'identifient différemment de l'expression de genre attendue en fonction du sexe attribué à la naissance (transgenres) sont : transwoman, transman, transpinay/pinoy. Les traductions des sources en langue étrangère sont assurées par la DIDR. 1 USAID, UNDP, 2014, p. 77-81. 3 DIDR – OFPRA 29/11/2018 Philippines : La situation des minorités sexuelles et de genre 1. Définitions et cadre juridique 1.1. Définitions Le préambule des principes de Yogyakarta définit les concepts « identité de genre » et « orientation sexuelle » ; ces définitions sont reprises par le HCR2 : « L’orientation sexuelle est comprise comme faisant référence à la capacité de chacun de ressentir une profonde attirance émotionnelle, affective et sexuelle envers des individus du sexe opposé, de même sexe ou de plus d’un sexe, et d’entretenir des relations intimes et sexuelles avec ces individus. » « L’identité de genre est comprise comme faisant référence à l’expérience intime et personnelle de son genre profondément vécue par chacun, qu’elle corresponde ou non au sexe assigné à la naissance, y compris la conscience personnelle du corps (qui peut impliquer, si consentie librement, une modification de l’apparence ou des fonctions corporelles par des moyens médicaux, chirurgicaux ou autres) et d’autres expressions du genre, y compris l’habillement, le discours et les manières de se conduire »3. Dans la présente note, les « minorités sexuelles et de genre » sont les personnes considérées comme appartenant à une minorité sexuelle du fait de leur orientation sexuelle et/ou à une minorité de genre du fait de leur identité de genre. 1.2. Cadre juridique 1.2.1. Les instruments internationaux adoptés et/ou ratifiés par le pays Les Philippines ont ratifié plusieurs instruments internationaux relatifs à la promotion et la protection des droits de l’homme4, parmi lesquels peuvent notamment être cités : • Le Pacte International relatif aux droits civils et politiques (signé en 1966 et adhésion en 1986) • Le Pacte International relatif aux droits économiques, sociaux et culturels (signé en 1966 et ratifié en 1974) • La Convention sur l'élimination de toutes les formes
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