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Resumen EI yacimiento de Trinchera Oolina es uno de los mas importantes de la Sierra de Atapuerca par su contenido en restos humanos, Homo antecessor en el nivel de Trinchera Dolina 6. Ade­ mas de esto la enorme riqueza en restos arqueol6gicos y paleontol6gicos hace de Trinchera Dolina un yacimiento unico, de referencia obligada para el Pleistoceno y Paleolitico de Euro­ pa. Bioestratigraficamente, el yacimiento de Trinchera Oolina (TO) puede dividirse en tres grandes unidades: la que comprende los niveles TD3 a T06; la de los niveles T07 a TOS infe­ rior y I. de TO 8 superior. T011. Palabras clave: Mamiferos, Pleistoceno. Abstract Gran Dolina is one of the Pleistocene sites located at the Sierra de Atapuerca (Spain). The Gran Dolina deposits belong to different chronological periods of the Early and Middle Pleistocene. The uppermost levels of Gran Dolina (TDII, TDIO and TD8b) contain Middle Pleistocene (post-Cromerian) macro- and micromammal assemblages. The excavation works have overpassed level TDII and have not concluded yet at TDIO: TDII is poor in macromammal remains (carnivores and herbivores) but rich in rodents. The macromammals fossil material from TDtt is very scarce and this enables (for the macromammals) definite conclusions about the chronology and type of community of these levels. The lowermost levels of Gran Dolina (TD3/4, TD5, TD6 and TD8a) contain a different mammal assemblage with typical late Early Pleistocene-Cromerian species. This radical substitution of taxa is placed at TD8 layer probably due to a stratigraphic gap in this level. The level TD6 of the Gran Dolina site contains the earliest fossil human remains of Europe, Homo antecessor, and it has also a rich and diverse micromammal assemblage. Rodents, insectivores, bats, rabbits as well as birds, lizards and amphibians are well represented: Mimomys savini, Microtus seseae, Stenocranius gregaloides, Terricola arvalidens, Iberomys huescarensis, Allophaiomys chalinei, Pliomys episcopalis, Allocricetus sp., Eliomys sp., Micromys minutus, Apodemus aft. flavicollis, Castor fiber, Marmota sp., Hystrix refossa, Beremendia fissidens, Soricidae spp., Crocidura sp., Talpidae spp., Erinaceus sp., Miniopterus schreibersii, Myotis spp., Rhinolophus spp., Oryctolagus lacosti and Lepus terraerubrae. The large mammals include, Homo antecessor, as well as a diverse large mammal assemblage: Among the herbivorous there are Mammuthus sp., Stephanorhinus etruscus, Equus altidens, Sus scrofa, Dama 'nestii' vallonnetensis, Cervus elaphus acoronatus, Eucladoceros gium, Bison cf. vOigtstedtensis, and the carnivores include Ursus sp., Crocuta crocuta, Mustela palerminea, Lynx sp., Canis mosbachensis and Vulpes praeglacialis. Paleoenvironmental reconstruction based upon the relative proportion and stratigraphical distribution of the mammalian fauna of the Gran Dolina section shows that there are represented several arid, open country phases as well as wetter, warmer and more wooded phases in the sequence of this site. Key words: Atapuerca, Gran Dolina, Carnivores, Rodents, Herbivores, Middle and Early Pleistocene, BIostratigraphy. 1 4 1 Fossil mammals of the Lower to Middle Pleistocene site of Trinchera Dolina, Atapuerca (Burgos, Spain) Gloria Cuenca Besc6s', Nuria Garcia" & Jan van der Made'" Introduction most famous localities in Western Europe after the discovery of The Atapuerca sites are part of a complex karst system at Sierra Homo antecessor. de At apuerca. This Sierra is a Mesozoic-core hill, related with The longest stratig raph ical sequence at Atapuerca is the th e Iberian range, 14 km to the East of Burgos (Fig. 1). Trinchera Dofina (TO ) site , a 18 m cave fill ing divided in 11 The Sierra de Atapuerca has two main cave systems: Cueva stratigraphical levels (Fig. 1). Almost all of them (TD3-TD1 1) are Mayor and Trinchera del Ferrocarril. Th e first comprises th e rich in fauna and artefacts (Carbonell ef alii, 1999). ESR dating Sima de los Huesos, Galerla del Silex, G aleria Baja, Galerla del and U·series analysis allocate th e Trinche ra Oolina fossil iferous Silo, Galeria de las Estatuas and Portal6n sites , being the 8ima levels between about 200 ka and 800 ka (Falgueres ef alii, de los Huesos one of the most import ant collections of Middle 1999). The paleomagnetic Matuyama·Brunhes boundary was Pleistocene age fossil hu man remains. detected at level TD7 in dicating there an age of 780 ka (Pares The Trinchera del Ferrocarril is an ancient railway cut that & Perez Gonzalez 1995, 1999) thus the levels placed below exposed several fossiliferous as well as fossil cave fillings that TD7 (TD6·TD3/4), are older than 780 ka. Direct dates on the constitutes th e Gran Oolina, Trinchera Pen al, Galerfa-Tres T06 fossils us ing ESR and U/Th methods are consisten t, Simas and Elefante sites (Figure 2). The red , conspicuous cave ranging from 780 to 886 ka (Falgueres ef alii, 1999), a time sediments from the railway trench attracted the attention of span that could correspond with oxygen isotope stages 19, 20 archaeologists si nce th e seco nd half of the last century, or 21 . Next to th e top of T06 a stratum named Aurora yielded nevertheless, is not until th e 1960s th at th e en terprise of lithic artefacts, abundant faunal remains and nearly 80 human archaeological studies began by Clark, Strauss, Apellaniz fossils attributed to a new species, Homo antecessor (Bermudez (Ortega, 1999). The first palaeontological study of the Sierra de Castro ef alii, 1997). TD8a is dated between 563 ± 84 ka was made by Torres in 1976, in his investigation on the Iberian and 653 ± 98 ka and TO 1 0- 11 from 400 to 300 ka. (Falgueres fossil ursids (Torres 1987). Emiliano Aguirre in 1978 began the ef alii, 1999). Atapuerca Project that we inherit today (Aguirre, 1995, 2001, We wi ll give here a brief description of the main lithological Carbonell ef alii, 1999). Gran Dolina is probably one of the units described in the section (for more detail see Pares & Perez Gonzalez, 1995, 1999). The red sands and lutites with heterometric limestone fragments dominate the lithology. The • Area de Paleonlologia. Oplo. C,encias de la Tierra, F.Cienclas. U. Zaragoza. Trinchera Dolina section is divided in 11 li thostratigraphic units, E,50009 Zaragoza. Spam. [email protected] from TD1 , at the bottom, to TD11 , at the top of the section. TO 1 ,. Dpto. de Paleontologla, Facullad de CienclSS Geol6glcas. Universidad Complutense. E- 28040 Madrid, Spain, [email protected] and T02 are sediments of interior facies and T03 to TD11 are "'Museo Nacional de Ciencias Naluralcs. c. Jose Gullerrez Abascal. 2. exterior deposits with some breakdowns or sediments derived E-28006 Madrid. Spain. [email protected] from the erosion or weathering of the host limestone. Units T03 142 Mlscclanea en homenaJe a Emiliano Aguirre. Pafeontologia FRANCE • TP Legend []I] Palaeozoic SPAIN MId~." ...... eomp,e$Or Mesozoic .. EI 100m TRINCHERA c=J Cenozoic DEL FERROCARRIL { ATA : Sierra de Atapuerca • Main City Cueva ptlluda BUREBA • Logroflo CORRIDOR CullYa dol Silo BURGOS • '" ATrA -. Ebro Basin Duero Basin ''''. Fig. 1. Geographic situation of the Sierra de Alapuerca (Burgos, Spain). Note the Fig. 2. The Trinchera del FerroCBrril (railway trench) and Cueva Mayor karst strategic pasillon of the Sterra at the cenlre of the Ebro·Quero corridor (Bureba Systems of Atapuerca (Burgos. Spain). Labels indicate the main cave 10cali!lolj; corridor) In the pass from Ihe Medite rranean Sea to the Atlantic Ocean. TP Penal, TD=Dotina, TZ. TG, TN-Tres Simas Complex (Zarpazos. Gahlll'l, Atapuerca conshtutes a fossil relieve in the Neogene sediments of the Bureba Norce). TE Sima del Elefante, SH=Sima de los Huesos. The' points to Ihe sitos corridor thai communicates the Ebro with the Duero basins (The Mediterranean with fossil human remains (Redrawn Irom Martin Menno el alii: 1981). and Ine Atlantic realms). The small hili is of the outmost importance to Ihe faunal migrations between bolh areas (including 10 our ancestors, Homo antecessor and Homo heidelbergensis. Arsuaga e/alii. 1997, 1999, Bermudez de Castro et afii, 1997. Carbonell el alii, 1995, 1999). Even up to today. Burgos IS a landmark in Ihe Saint Jacques Pilgrimage roule). to T011 contain fossil remains except level T09 that lacks mainly by sandy clays and mud levels. At the top of the vertebrate remains, actually it only contains root-concretions sequence, the terra rosa fills the cracks and joints the limestone and bat guano at the top. Levels TD3 and TD4 are 2 m thick and at the top of the site. they are constituted by sandy lutite with limestone debris. Unit TD5 is 2.5m thick and is composed mainly by mud with debris horizons with angular pebbles. Unit T06 is also 2.5m thick and Biostratigraphy of Gran Dolina is more clastic with very little clay matrix than the previous ones. The mammal assemblage of levels 3/4 to 8a in Sierra de The Aurora Stratum containing the human remains is a 20 cm Atapuerca, includes the carnivores: Ursus sp., Crocuta thick massive yellowish red lutite with limestone clasts (some of crocuta, Mustefa paferminea, Canis mosbachensis, Vufpes them 22cm large). Level T07 is a 1.5m calcarenite layer. The praegJaciafis, Lynx sp., Homotherium fatidens and Panthern paleomagnetic reversal Matuyama/Brunhes (and therefore the gombaszoegensis; the large hervibores Mammuthus sp., Early/Middle Pleistocene boundary) took placed upon the level Stephanorhinus etruscus, Equus altidens, Dama 'nestii' T07. The T08 unit is a 2.5m thick unit formed by heterometric val/onnetensis. Eucfadoceros giulii, Cervus e/aphus clasts flows, poor in matrix. Unit T09 is a O.35m thick red clay acoronatus, Bison cf. voigtstedtensis, Sus scrofa, and bat guano layer without fossil contents. Unit TO lOis a 2m Hippopotamus amp/:libius, Pra eovibos sp.; and the rodents thick matrix consisting on clastic flows containing large Allophaiomys chafinei, Stenocranius grega/aides, Terricola limestone clasts (as large as 1.5m) that seems an opening of arvalidens, Pliomys episcopafis, Mimomys savini, fberomys the Gran Oolina cave.
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    World Heritage papers41 HEADWORLD HERITAGES 4 Human Origin Sites and the World Heritage Convention in Eurasia VOLUME I In support of UNESCO’s 70th Anniversary Celebrations United Nations [ Cultural Organization Human Origin Sites and the World Heritage Convention in Eurasia Nuria Sanz, Editor General Coordinator of HEADS Programme on Human Evolution HEADS 4 VOLUME I Published in 2015 by the United Nations Educational, Scientific and Cultural Organization, 7, place de Fontenoy, 75352 Paris 07 SP, France and the UNESCO Office in Mexico, Presidente Masaryk 526, Polanco, Miguel Hidalgo, 11550 Ciudad de Mexico, D.F., Mexico. © UNESCO 2015 ISBN 978-92-3-100107-9 This publication is available in Open Access under the Attribution-ShareAlike 3.0 IGO (CC-BY-SA 3.0 IGO) license (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/3.0/igo/). By using the content of this publication, the users accept to be bound by the terms of use of the UNESCO Open Access Repository (http://www.unesco.org/open-access/terms-use-ccbysa-en). The designations employed and the presentation of material throughout this publication do not imply the expression of any opinion whatsoever on the part of UNESCO concerning the legal status of any country, territory, city or area or of its authorities, or concerning the delimitation of its frontiers or boundaries. The ideas and opinions expressed in this publication are those of the authors; they are not necessarily those of UNESCO and do not commit the Organization. Cover Photos: Top: Hohle Fels excavation. © Harry Vetter bottom (from left to right): Petroglyphs from Sikachi-Alyan rock art site.
  • Paleobiogeography of Early Human Dispersal in Western Eurasia: Preliminary Results Roman Croitor

    Paleobiogeography of Early Human Dispersal in Western Eurasia: Preliminary Results Roman Croitor

    Paleobiogeography of early human dispersal in western Eurasia: Preliminary results Roman Croitor To cite this version: Roman Croitor. Paleobiogeography of early human dispersal in western Eurasia: Preliminary results. Comptes Rendus Palevol, Elsevier Masson, In press, 10.1016/j.crpv.2017.09.004. hal-01765965 HAL Id: hal-01765965 https://hal.archives-ouvertes.fr/hal-01765965 Submitted on 4 May 2018 HAL is a multi-disciplinary open access L’archive ouverte pluridisciplinaire HAL, est archive for the deposit and dissemination of sci- destinée au dépôt et à la diffusion de documents entific research documents, whether they are pub- scientifiques de niveau recherche, publiés ou non, lished or not. The documents may come from émanant des établissements d’enseignement et de teaching and research institutions in France or recherche français ou étrangers, des laboratoires abroad, or from public or private research centers. publics ou privés. Roman CROITOR – Comptes Rendus Palevol, 17 : 276‐286 – 2018 Paleobiogeography of early human dispersal in Western Eurasia: preliminary results Roman CROITOR Aix‐Marseille University, CNRS, UMR 7269, Maison méditerranéenne des sciences de l'homme BP674, 5, rue du Château‐de‐l’Horloge, 13094 Aix‐en‐Provence, France; [email protected] Abstract. A multivariate cluster analysis of western Eurasian regional herbivorous mammalian faunas is applied in order to reveal the paleobiogeographic context of early human dispersal in the area under study. During the Early Pleistocene, the north Mediterranean area and Caucasian Land acted as refugia for warm‐loving Pliocene faunal holdovers. The Italian Peninsula was biogeographically partially isolated during most of the Early Pleistocene due to the forested Dinaric Alps zoogeographic filter, which possibly caused the late arrival of hominines on the Italian Peninsula.
  • New Data on Large Mammals of the Pleistocene Trlica Fauna, Montenegro, the Central Balkans I

    New Data on Large Mammals of the Pleistocene Trlica Fauna, Montenegro, the Central Balkans I

    ISSN 00310301, Paleontological Journal, 2015, Vol. 49, No. 6, pp. 651–667. © Pleiades Publishing, Ltd., 2015. Original Russian Text © I.A. Vislobokova, A.K. Agadjanian, 2015, published in Paleontologicheskii Zhurnal, 2015, No. 6, pp. 86–102. New Data on Large Mammals of the Pleistocene Trlica Fauna, Montenegro, the Central Balkans I. A. Vislobokova and A. K. Agadjanian Borissiak Paleontological Institute, Russian Academy of Sciences, Profsoyuznaya ul. 123, Moscow, 117997 Russia email: [email protected], [email protected] Received September 18, 2014 Abstract—A brief review of 38 members of four orders, Carnivora, Proboscidea, Perissodactyla, and Artio dactyla, from the Pleistocene Trlica locality (Montenegro), based on the material of excavation in 2010–2014 is provided. Two faunal levels (TRL11–10 and TRL6–5) which are referred to two different stages of faunal evolution in the Central Balkans are recognized. These are (1) late Early Pleistocene (Late Villafranchian) and (2) very late Early Pleistocene–early Middle Pleistocene (Epivillafranchian–Early Galerian). Keywords: large mammals, Early–Middle Pleistocene, Central Balkans DOI: 10.1134/S0031030115060143 INTRODUCTION of the Middle Pleistocene (Dimitrijevic, 1990; Forsten The study of the mammal fauna from the Trlica and Dimitrijevic, 2002–2003; Dimitrijevic et al., locality (Central Balkans, northern Montenegro), sit 2006); the MNQ20–MNQ22 zones (Codrea and uated 2.5 km from Pljevlja, provides new information Dimitrijevic, 1997); terminal Early Pleistocene improving the knowledge of historical development of (CrégutBonnoure and Dimitrijevic, 2006; Argant the terrestrial biota of Europe in the Pleistocene and and Dimitrijevic, 2007), Mimomys savinipusillus biochronology. In addition, this study is of interest Zone (Bogicevic and Nenadic, 2008); or Epivillafran in connection with the fact that Trlica belongs to chian (Kahlke et al., 2011).