Guam Vector Management Strategic Plan (2017 – 2020)
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Guam Vector Management Strategic Plan (2017 – 2020) Guam Division of Environmental Health, Department of Public Health and Social Services Version 1 Acronyms and Abbreviations BCDC – Bureau of Communicable Disease Control BCHS – Bureau of Community Health Services BCI – Bureau of Compliance and Investigation CDC – U.S. Center for Disease Control and Prevention CHIKV – Chikungunya virus DART – Disease Arbovirus Research and Training (UC Davis, California) DEH – Guam Division of Environmental Health DENV – Dengue virus DoD – US Department of Defense DPH – Guam Division of Public Health DPHSS – Guam Department of Public Health and Social Services ELC – Epidemiological and Laboratory Capacity for Infectious Diseases Cooperative Agreement EOC – Emergency Operations Center EPA – U.S. Environmental Protection Agency FSM – Federated States of Micronesia GEPA – Guam EPA GEPHL – Guam Environmental Public Health Laboratory GPHL – Guam Public Health Laboratory IPNC – Institut Pasteur New Caledonia IRS – Indoors Residual Spraying JBE – Japanese B Encephalitis LF – Lymphatic Filariasis MAC – Mosquito Advisory Committee M&E – Monitoring and Evaluation MSCP – Guam Mosquito Surveillance and Control Program NPEHA – Northern Pacific Environmental Health Association PHEP – Public Health Emergency Preparedness Program PIHOA – Pacific Islands Health Officers Association i STIs – Sexually Transmitted Infections WHO – World Health Organization ZIKV – Zika virus ii Acknowledgements This document was developed through a consultation process which was initiated in February 2017, on Guam, U.S.A. Expertise in entomology, environmental health, and public health was solicited from Technical Officer, WHO, Malaria and Other Vectorborne & Parasitic Diseases Unit, Mr. Matthew Shortus, Principal Hospital Scientist, Medical Entomology, Pathology Westmead CPMR, Westmead, NSW Health Pathology/Marie Bashir Institute of Infectious Diseases and Biosecurity, Sydney Medical School, University of Sydney, Dr. Cameron Webb, Career Epidemiology Field Officer, CDC/OPHPR/D SLR, Dr. William Thane Hancock, Environmental Health Specialist, PIHOA, Dr. Greg Jennings, Laboratory Science Specialist, PIHOA, Mr. Remi Charlebois, Vector Ecologist, PIHOA, Ms. Eileen Jeffrey, the Guam DEH MSCP team, Mrs. Rosanna Rabago, Mrs. Michelle Lastimoza, Ms. Claire Baradi. The author also acknowledges the continuous support of the PIHOA U.S-Affiliated Pacific Islands Regional Zika Emergency and Preparedness Project team, Mr. Kinsey McFadden (Project Manager), Ms. Jada Walton (Education Coordinator), Mrs. Matilda Ward (Administrative Assistant), and Mr. Sean Perez (Financial Officer). Finally, the author acknowledges and thanks CDC Chief Research Entomologist, Dr. Harry Savage, for providing valuable entomological guidance. By Elodie Vajda, Regional Entomologist, PIHOA. iii Table of Contents Acronyms and Abbreviations…………………………………………………………................………………………………...…………i Acknowledgements…………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………….…….ii Table of Contents……………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………..vi Map of Guam…………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………….…..vii Executive Summary……………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………...viii I. Introduction………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………….1 a. Country Profile………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………..1 i. Geography, Sociopolitics, and Demographics of Guam………………………………………………..1 ii. Guam Health System Analysis…………………………………………………………………………………….1 b. Background: Historical Mosquito-Borne Diseases and Vectors………………………………………………..2 II. Vector-Borne disease (VBD) Situation Analysis…………………………………………………………………………………….3 a. Epidemiological Risk Assessment…………………………………………………………………………………………….3 b. Current Vector Profile……………………………………………………………………………………………………………..3 c. Vector-Borne Disease Control Program Performance………………………………………………………………4 III. Overall Strategic Directions…………………………………………………………………………………………………………………4 a. Strategic Directions…………………………………………………………………………………………………………………4 b. Strategic Goals and Objectives………………………………………………………………………………………………..5 IV. Vector Surveillance…………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………….5 a. Routine Vector Surveillance Program………………………………………………………………...…………………..5 i. Adult Trapping and Surveillance………………………………………………………………………………….6 ii. Larval/Pupal Trapping and Surveillance……………………………………………….……………………..6 iii. Ovitrapping and Eggs Surveillance……………………………………………………………………………..6 iv. Pathogen Testing............................................................................................................7 b. Enhanced Vector Surveillance.....................................................................................................7 i. Disease Outbreaks...........................................................................................................7 ii. Exotic Vector Importation...............................................................................................8 V. Vector Control..........................................................................................................................................9 a. Routine Vector Control Program.................................................................................................9 iv i. Source Reduction and Larval Control...............................................................................9 ii. Community Mobilization.................................................................................................9 b. Enhanced Vector Control...........................................................................................................10 i. Disease Outbreak...........................................................................................................10 VI. Program Management...........................................................................................................................10 a. Planning and Implementation....................................................................................................10 b. Information Systems..................................................................................................................11 c. Procurement and Supply Management System.........................................................................11 d. Human Resources and Technical Assistance.............................................................................11 e. Monitoring and Evaluation (M&E).............................................................................................12 References..................................................................................................................................................13 Annexes Annex 1. Useful Links..................................................................................................................................14 Annex 2. Descriptions of Aedes, Anopheles, and Culex Species Currently Recorded Present on Guam....15 Annex 3.1. Vector Surveillance Protocol in Tier 1 Sites..............................................................................18 Annex 3.2. Vector Surveillance Protocol in Tier 2 Sites..............................................................................20 Annex 3.2.i. Additional Tier 2 Sites................................................................................................21 Annex 3.3. Vector Surveillance Protocol in Tier 3 Sites..............................................................................22 Annex 4.1. Adult Mosquito Trapping Protocol: BG-Sentinel 2 (Biogents, GmbH, Regensburg, Germany).23 Annex 4.2. Adult Mosquito Trapping Protocol: CDC Miniature Light Trap.................................................26 Annex 4.3. Adult Mosquito Trapping Protocol: CDC Gravid Trap...............................................................28 Annex 4.4. Mosquito Egg Trapping Protocol: Ovitraps and Hay Infusion...................................................30 Annex 4.4.i. Trap Sign/Label Template..........................................................................................32 Annex 4.5. Mosquito Larval/Pupal Surveillance: Conducting a Larval/Pupal Survey..................................33 Annex 4.6. Adult Mosquito Species Identification Guidelines....................................................................36 Annex 4.7. Locality and Det Labels Protocols and Templates.....................................................................41 Annex 4.8. Pinning/Mounting of Adult Mosquito Specimens....................................................................46 Annex 5.1. BG-Sentinels, Ovitraps, Gravid Traps, Field Data Recording Template.....................................53 Annex 5.2. Larval/Pupal Surveys Template.................................................................................................55 v Annex 6.1. Catch-bag Removal (BG-Sentinels, CDC Light Traps, CDC Gravid Traps) and Transportation Protocol......................................................................................................................................................58 Annex 6.2. Transport of Ovitrap Paddles to the Lab and Hatching of Eggs Protocol..................................60 Annex 7. Enhanced Mosquito Surveillance Activities for Levels 1, 2, and 3...............................................62 Annex 8. Enhanced Surveillance Activities for Detection of Exotic Species Import on Guam....................63 Annex 9. Routine Source Reduction Activities and Community Mobilization............................................64