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.'J.., 0' _. L.. I FeM ' ~ ~r.t:'( L J 25.Subhl:.fl Rtud. D.-nra Dun REPORT ON THE FOREST RESOURCES OF CACHAR DISTRICT ( ASSAM) FOREST SURVEY OF INDfA EASTERN ZONE 1987 REPORT ON TL-IE FOREST' RESOuRCES OF CACHAR DISTRICT(ASSAr,!) FOREST SURVEY OF INDIJ\ El\STERN ZONE 1987 Erstt-rhi le C..J.char di strict of '\ssam is nO·I.. .z two administracive units viz. S~]Ch~r and Xarimganj. Recorded forest area of the di strict is 2396 .. 20 S·.,I. km. The forests of Cachar district in the past was tbe main source of timber supply to the S~hl~c ~stricc und adjoining areas of undivided Bengal prior to 1947. r·1anagement of these forests in the past on the system of seLection felling dS .l?er the choice of the purc~"l.3.sers caused SUljstdnt.id~ damaga. Silvic~ll:.ure and regeneration aspects of imporcant species were ignored in the .t?rocess o£ eX,21oi.tation of tLnber from the £orest:s. Shi£ting culcivation altl.lough was practiced in the past in cachar valley .is now very much li.mited and it is mostly found in the north cachQr hills. Flora of Cachar Tropicdl ~v~rgceen and semi-evergreen forests is ~Clrgely di ~tinyci shed by occurrence of Cham (_-\.rl:.ocarpus chd.__J?lasha) Bon ame 1an,.,i fer.:l S!?p.)" P~'"lg(.£ynom02tra ?,olyandca ), Gamari(Gmelina arborea} and non-clum'pin~ bamboo lil~e Muli (1'-lalocana bdr.,bozoi des) . The present invenl:.ory ref)ort is l.)a.sed on a low de~ree of. sampli ng and. i t.s aim is\:.o depict the general condi tion of veget.J.tion coVer ~n the dist.rictsof Si~char and rCa rimga.l1j. Oc:::urrence of ba.mboo is imL')ortau E in the districf -i"l vi ew of estdbli.shm~nt of a paper Mill at PanchgraHl n~ar Badarpur by Bindusthan Paper Corporation Ltd. The stock c£ b~mboo £rom .si l.char and Karim9an j districts and addi ti...Jondl stoele from adjoining Mizoram State might fulfil the r~re~ent of raw Pulp rna terial of "the proposed paper Hi 11. Est.ima t.ion o£ bamboo stock on u hi.-Jher degree of sampling i.s su-.;·~ested .in order to trJor~'C out t.he measures of .l:?roc llrin 9 r~t·1 ,,:)l..llJ)wood material 'for the Paper Hill. Forest based industries in the distr.ictsa.re noe =tet developed alth ough scope of runn~n~ Plywood and V~nt;e.r ....1ills exist i.n t he dist.ricts Rf3C1uirement. 0.... 'rco;), chest by the Tea Industry in th~ dis c::rict..s 'Wi.ll i.ncr~as~ in future b.ecause of target of high8r tea ~roduc-tion. rh~r~fora, attention is requirt;d in the matter.. of prodl.lction of more tea ch.;st from the locally available cimber resources. Exploitation of timber ~nd fuelwood from the forest.s of patta land under t he control of ::i vil adninistration is never carried oue in a proper mann~r. Harking of trees I]oes not £ind any importance in the whole procedure and the Divisional Forest O£fic~r m-2rely controls tne mover."Ient of forest produces tnro~gh issue of transit ~ass. In this process £ore~ producacsD are extracted ~.d thout any scientific consid~ra tion not only from patt~ land but also frQ~ tea garden areas.. Present inventory also indica.tes that the total growing stock in the district of Silchar and Karimganj remains most.ly unwarked 't"l1h.ereas the dern2l.nd of the local people and local industries are met from suppl~' through other so:..lrcas. Import of timber from adjoining States of r1a.nipur and Nizoram can not be considered as tl"E chief source of me~ting the demand of the peo~le. n~erefore~ it is necessary to work out a rational progr~~ne of extraction of torest ~roduc-e5 through de~artmantal agencies and meet the demand oti' the l~al ?eop1e as far as possible. Development of tribals and other ba-c;.;:t/ard classes yet to occur. This is because lack of ~ntrodu~tion of suitable ~chemGs ~nder N.R.E.P. & K .. L.£.~.P. Im~lementation of social forestry on a very large scale is ~ossible if more funds are av~ilable under the schene3 of ~.rt.E.P. & R .. L.E .. G.P. 'Ibis ·will not only help the it!lprovem~nt of vegetation cover of the d.'i-strict but:. '\,-li 11 also help the poor and backward class of people to get an econo~ic li£t. The State Forest Department may consider the scope of implementation of the above, tlvO scnemer; on a. larger scale. Tnis report has been drafted by Sri P.Sengupta~ De~uty Director. Thanks are due to the staff- who offered hard labour in t.he pr~p-aration of thi s inventory report. Tha.nks are also due to the Divisional Forest Offi.cers and their staff of Si.lchar and Kari.mganj Forest DiVisions. -(\11 co-operation obtained from Civil Authorities of Silchur and lCa.rimgun j di stricts are ackno\-Iledged 'Wi. th t.hanks. CONTEN'IS Para Page I'b. No. Need for survey 1 1 cat.chment 1.1 1 Loe ali ty fac tor 1.2 1 Clil'nate 1.2.1 2 Temperature 1.2.2 2 Ra~nfall 1.2.3 3 Topography 1.3 5 Aspect 1.3.1 5 Slope 1.3.2 5 Drainage l.3.3 6 Geology, roc!, and soil 1.4 6 Rocl< system 1.4.1 6 People and their socio-economic condition 1.5 7 Land holding pattern 1.6 8 Land use classification 1.6.1 ~ Occupati~nal pattern 1.7 9 Rural employment 1..7.1. 1U Education 1.7.2 11 Dnployment in forestry sector 1.7.3 11 Classification o£ forest by types 1.8 11 CachDr tropical evergreen fo~ests 1 .. 8.1 12 cachar·tropical semi-evergreen forests 1.8.2 12 Local v~riations 1.8.3 12 Forest 1;:>a sed industries 1.9 13 Saw milling .- .. 1.~.1 .13 Products from saw.llU:lls 1.~.2 15 Utilization of capacity "o~ the mills 1.~.3 15 B<:I.\'/ milling wastage 1.~.4 17 Sa,,, mill si.~es 1.9.5 18 Inputs in SaW mi I1s 1 .. '::1.6 18 Price of sawn timoer 1.9.7 20 Furni ture and fi)cture industries 1.~.8 2u Bamboo rna t industri es 1.9.9 21 Cane industry 1.~.10 22 para l'b. Page No. ~nor £orest produce co~lection 1.9.11 23 P1Y"lood industr.ies 1.9.12 24 Firewood reta.il sale' 1.9.13 25 Dw~boo retail sale 1.9.14 25 Tea i.ndus try 1.1.0 26 Tea c-u.lti vat.ion 1.1U.1 26 Vegetation in tea gardens 1.10.2 27 Expansion of industry 1.1U.3 29 s trCl ti £i c a I.:.ion 1.11 28 Legal sta.tus ~.11.1 29 Demarcation and forest s-e-ttlement ~.11.2 29 Rights and privileges 1 • .11.3 29 Present manag~nent l.11.4 30 Forest resources in:fonnation 1.12 31 Infrastructure ~.13 32 Admini st.rat.! ve ",""'1"6 1.13.1 32 Communication £~cilit.i.es 1 • .L3.2 32 Objectives 2.1 34 Photo-interpretation and map~ing 2.2 34 Inventory design 2.3 34 Sa.... nplin g design 2.4 34 F~eld ,"{ork 2.5 35 Field instruction 2.5.1 35 General 3.1 36 JI!anual processing 3.2 36 Processing on uni t r€:'Cord machine. 3.3 36 Processing on e~ectronic comput-er 3.4 36 Calcul~ tiorf o~ area 3.4.1 37 VoLume studies 3.5 37 Volume o£ trees enUin-erated '3. s. ~ 3~ Plot volune 2.5.2 3~ Tree density study 3.6- 39 I-liscellaneous stratum 3.6.1 39 Bamboo stratum 3.6.2 40 Volume studies 3.7 40 Hi scellaneous stra tum 3.7.1 40 Para l'b. Page No. Bamboo stra ta 3 .. 7.2 41 Volume by strata 3 .. 8 42 Standard error 3.9 42 sampling design(bamboo) 3.1U 42 Bamboo data 3.11 42 Culms per hecture 3.12 43 Muli bamboo 3.12.1 43 Clump fOJ:TT\ing 3 • .12.2 43 Bamboo weight 3.13 43 CHAPTER. RESULm OF I.l\IVEt-I'1""ORY. IV General 4 45 M~scellaneous st~atum 4.1 45 Cl assi fication of mi sa. stratU'l'l acc orCing to landuse pattern 4.1.1 46 Open tree forests 4.1.2 54 Bamboo stratum 4.2 57 Yield 4.3 63 General information 5 .. 1 65 Extraction of forest produce 5.2 65 Rafting 5.3 66 Dcpa.rtmental timber operation 5.4 67 CHAPTER. VI. C01\J'::''U-lPTIO.N STUDY. Introd.uction 6.1 7() Ob j e= ti ves 6.2 7u Consumption by large industries 6.3 70 Consumption by SJl1c3.11 industries 6.4 70 Housebol d con S"..:mlption 6.5 71 l1ethodology 6. S.l 71 Estimation of us e of wood in the hOUSel'101ds 6.5.2 71 l'lood used for house construction 6.5 72 llood requira-ilent of fUrni ture 6 .