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Nm I~ B a 6 6 C - 3 3 a B - * •••··: Date Printed: 11/03/2008 JTS Box Number: IFES 11 Tab Number: 2 Document Title: IFES Civic Education Workshop: Romania Document Date: 1992 Document Country: Romania IFES ID: R01847 II~ II~ I ~1I11 ~nm I~ B A 6 6 C - 3 3 A B - * •••··:"_:5 .~ International Foundation for Electoral Systems • ~ 1620 I STREET. NW.• SUITE611 • WASHINGTON. D.C. 20006 • 1202) 828-8507 • FAX 1202) 452-0804 • Terry Holcomb Obie L. Moore Juliana Geran Pilon This report was made possible by a grant from the u.s. Agency for International Development. This material is in the public domain and may be reproduced without permission; citation of this source would be appreciated. 80ARDOF F. Clihon White Patricia Hurar James M. Cannon Jean-Pierre Kingsley Randal C. Teague DIRECTORS Chairman Secretary Counsel Richard M. Scammon Joseph Napolitan • Charles Manatt David Jones RIchard W. Soudriene Vice Chairman. Treasurer Robert C. Walker Sonia Picado S. Director workshop in Democratic Leadership Skills Bucharest, Romania August 31 - September 4, 1992 Table of contents I. Introduction II. Participants III. Wprkshop Materials IV. workshop Procedure V. Conclusions and Recommendations Appendices I. List of participants and their organizations II. Text of "Leadership in a Democratic Society" III. Media Coverage IV. Informational materials and media releases distributed by the IFES office in Bucharest • 1 Workshop in Democratic Leadership Skills • Bucharest, Romania August 31 - september 4, 1992 I. Introduction The Workshop in Democratic Leadership skills was part of an on-going comprehensive program in civic education in Romania sponsored by the International Foundation for Electoral Systems through a grant from the U. S. Agency for International Develop­ ment. The workshop was presented as the first public project of a year-long IFES civic education program to be conducted through­ out Romania . • The workshop was designed to present basic skills of demo­ cratic leadership to a select group of Romanian leaders. It is hoped that the participants will also serve as a key resource base to assist in the development of future IFES-Ied civic education programs. Although the original plan was to identify fifteen leaders to participate in a five-day, comprehensive workshop, a decision was made to open the workshop to a large number of interested persons from diverse organizations and interest groups to show that IFES programs were indeed non-partisan and "open to all." • 2 This was a particularly sensitive point in that the national elections were scheduled to take place in less than 30 days. Naturally, this led to a larger number of participants (124 on the first day), greater awareness of the need for such training throughout more communities, and more news coverage through television, newspapers, and periodicals. The tradeoff was that the workshop could not be as comprehensive and as individually­ directed as originally planned, but the overall positive impact was much greater than expected. II. Participants The workshop was conducted by: Mr. Terry Holcomb, Workshop Leader • Dr. Juliana Geran Pilon, IFES Director of Programs Mr. Obie L. Moore, IFES Project Director in Bucharest The participants included labor leaders, teachers, clerics, business people, academics, human rights activists, political party officials, artists, journalists, and political activists. They represented a wide variety of Romanian organizations and provided a unique cross-section of Romanian leaders. (A list of participants is included in the appendix). The diversity of background, experiences, and loyalties 3 among the participants permitted a unique advantage that allowed ... the workshop leaders to draw on the broad experiences of the participants which aided the learning and training process. Unavoidably, the disadvantage was that, at least at the be- ginning, the participants felt very unsure of each other and that they had little in common. Many were undoubtedly suspicious of each other. It must be kept in mind that these participants had been afforded few, if any, opportunities in the past to have associations with persons from such diverse organizations. Therefore a major objective of the workshop was to bring such a diverse group together to give them an opportunity over five days, to get to know each other, to break down historic inter- personal barriers, to identify common denominators among them, to engage in behavior that builds trust and to achieve a common ... sense of democratic purpose. III. Workshop Materials A short text, Leadership in a Democratic Society by Terry Holcomb, hereinafter, "Leadership text", was prepared under the auspices of IFES and translated into Romanian. A set of short readings and clippings from several textbooks and journals (in English) was also prepared as a resource to use with the text. Multiple copies were made and distributed to all participants. These materials are included in the appendix. In addition, 100 ... 4 copies (in Romanian) of the U.S. Information Agency publication, "What is Democracy?", were distributed to the participants. IV. Workshop Procedures To accommodate the large number of participants, the five­ day workshop was broken into three parts: Part I: Introduction to the Concepts of Democratic Leadership Monday, 11 AM to 4 PM Lecture with demonstrations and questions from audience Participants: 124 Part II: Workshop in Specific Skills of Democratic Leadership • Tuesday, Wednesday, Thursday, 11 AM to 4 PM Group discussions and exercises to practice leadership concepts Participants: 47 Part III: Consultation on Specific Problems Friday, 9 AM to 7:30 PM, one-on-one meetings with 17 participants discussing specific concerns of their organizations The Monday session was the most difficult day of the week . • 5 Because of the large number of participants and the need to cover basic concepts, interaction with participants was limited. The • session was also affected by the huge auditorium, the stifling heat, the awkwardness of earphones used for simultaneous transla­ tion, and, most importantly, the unavoidable first-day distrust and uncertainty felt among participants attending such a work­ shop. Terry Holcomb covered the basic concepts of group decision­ making such as: definition of a democratic leader, taking respon­ sibility, building consensus, tolerance, ethics, and dedication to group goals. This instruction utilized the first exercise from the Leadership Text that asks participants to differentiate between the behavior of an autocratic leader and a democratic leader. This enabled the participants to focus on specific • behaviors that express the democratic concepts under discussion. After a break, participants were asked to think of an effective leader that they had known and dealt with personally and to identify the qualities possessed by that individual. Participants were asked to reflect on these qualities and to be prepared to discuss them later in the workshop. From microphones stationed in the audience, the participants asked numerous questions and made comments. For example, one in­ dividual pointed out that Romanians often confuse leadership • 6 strength with the ability to "talk loud and pound the table." The workshop instructors identified persons and situations that demonstrated "strength of character" and "strength under pres­ sure" and offered examples of behavior that would be useful in a democratic society. considerable discussion was given to the need for a leader to take responsibility for group action, to shoulder blame, and to give credit. Participants expressed concern that Romanians remain inclined to respond to behavioral methods typically employed by autocratic leaders. At the conclusion of the Monday session, participants were invited to join the three-day workshop that would feature group exercises and interpersonal activities to practice the leadership skills discussed that day. The session was adjourned and all • participants were invited to attend a reception hosted by the Museum of National History held in the main plaza of the museum. This reception afforded a unique opportunity for participants to informally meet each other and for the IFES workshop coordinators to obtain feedback from the participants. On Tuesday forty-seven people joined the three-day workshop that was held in a medium-size room around a set of tables arranged to encourage free discussion. As opposed to the first day in which basic concepts were presented, Tuesday was devoted to Romanians describing openly to the group what they felt was needed" from their leaders. Each individual was asked to respond • 7 to the simple question: "What are the essential characteristics of leadership?" (This was a follow-up to the question presented • at the Monday session discussed above). Not all participants felt comfortable speaking before the group; however, about thirty offered their thoughts. Many of the comments on Tuesday led to discussion and the development of key issues, to be considered in more detail later in the week, such as: (1) Can leadership qualities be taught, or are they in-born traits? (2) Should leaders function as repre­ sentatives of groups or as executives who carry out plans? (3) Should leaders be generalists or specialists? (4) Why does power lead to corruption, and how can this process be prevented? and (5) How can the flow of accurate information be improved? • The primary purpose of the interactive exercises on Tuesday was to develop a sense of what traits Romanians felt were vital to effective leadership. The list that
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