PR 201 IIIRD TEST MODEL ANSWERS Q1 What is typography ? Explain in brief . 5 ANS-Typography is the art and technique of arranging type to make written language legible, readable, and appealing when displayed. ... The term typography is also applied to the style, arrangement, and appearance of the letters, numbers, and symbols created by the process. We often take it for granted that part of the pleasure of reading a book or seeing an opening credits to a movie is experiencing a font (or typeface). same letters, same size, different impression. Typefaces are further divided into font families that contain variations of that font – regular, bold, italic and others. There are many typefaces in existence. Most of them can be divided into two categories: Serif – font features horizontal and vertical details that are added to the beginning and end of the characters. and Sans-serif – typeface does not have serifs. the font on the left is a serif font, the font on the right is sans serif font There are four other categories that distinguish one font family from another: Script, Hand-lettered – get their inspiration from hand-lettered forms; some are calligraphic in nature, others have been created based on handwriting: "Typeface" is the terms give to a family of fonts (such as Helvetica Regular, Helvetica Italic, Helvetica Black, and Helvetica Bold). All of the various versions of Helvetica make up the complete typeface. "Font" is the term used when someone is referring to only one weight or style within that family (such as Helvetica Bold). Q2-Define the term used to describe colour Answer-Hue: This is what we usually mean when we ask "what color is that?" The property of color that we are actually asking about is "hue". For example, when we talk about colors that are red, yellow, green, and blue, we are talking about hue. Different hues are caused by different wavelengths of light. Therefore, this aspect of color is usually easy to recognize. Value: When we describe a color as "light" or "dark", we are discussing its value or "brightness". This property of color tells us how light or dark a color is based on how close it is to white. For instance, canary yellow would be considered lighter than navy blue which in turn is lighter than black. Chroma: the quality of a color's purity, intensity or saturation. For example: A gray color is a neutral -- an extreme low chroma. Fire-engine red may be a high-chroma red. Brick red may be a middle-chroma red. Q3- write short note (a) Tone and texture : In color theory, a tint is the mixture of a color with white, which increases lightness, and a shade is the mixture of a color with black, which reduces lightness. A tone is produced either by the mixture of a color with grey, or by both tinting and shading. (b) Texture is a description of the spatial arrangement of color or. intensities in an image or a selected region of an image. A set of texels in some regular or repeated pattern. (b)balance and contrast : Balance in art refers to the sense of distribution of perceived visual weights that offset one another. We feel more comfortable--and therefore find it more pleasing-- when the parts of an artwork seem to balance each other. Imbalance gives us an unsettled feeling, and that is something that for most artists is not the desired effect. Symetrical and Asymetrical Balance There are two types of balance: symmetrical and asymmetrical. In symmetrical balance, if an imaginary line is drawn through the center of the work, both sides are exactly the same, and balanced in that way. In asymmetrical balance, the two sides are not identical, but differ from one another. However, the elements are arranged so that there is a sense of balance. Contrast is a distinct difference between elements of a form or composition; either visually or in subject matter. two types of contast The image represents visual contrast, which is achieved through the use of intense complementary colors. Complementary colors--across from each other on the color wheel--are opposites in terms of hue, and the more intense they are, the more contrast they create. PR 203 IIIRD TEST MODEL ANSWERS Mm:15 Time;1 hr Q1-Define dry offset printing? Answer- Dry offset, also called Letterset, or Indirect Relief Printing, offset printing process combining the characteristics of letterpress and offset. A special plate prints directly onto the blanket of an offset press, and the blanket then offsets the image onto the paper. The process is called dry offset because the plate is not dampened as it would be in the offset lithography process. dry offset printing process which uses a metal backed photopolymer relief plate, similar to a letterpress plate, but, unlike letterpress printing where the ink is transferred directly from the plate to the substrate, in dry offset printing the ink is transferred to a rubber blanket before being transferred . Dry offset printing is the most economic and flexible decoration technology. Printing is done directly on the final product, so no intermediate substate is required. to what is given printing process . Q2-What is gravure printing process. 5 Answer-Rotogravure or gravure is a type of intaglio printing process, which involves engraving the image onto an image carrier. In gravure printing, the image is engraved onto a cylinder because, like offset printing and flexography, it uses a rotary printing press. Basics of the Gravure Printing Process. Gravure is small cells recessed into a cylinder that hold ink. ... The ink is transferred to a substrate (paper, plastic, film, and more) using a rotary press. Rotogravure, orgravure, is an old process. Gravure is small cells recessed into a cylinder that hold ink. The cylinder is washed with ink; a doctor blade removes the excess, leaving ink only in the cells. The ink is transferred to a substrate (paper, plastic, film, and more) using a rotary press. gravure, is an old process. Building on earlier printing methods, modern gravure began in the late 19th century, and became widespread in the early 20th century. Today gravure printing is widely used in:‐ 1. Publication printing (magazines, newspapers, catalogs), where long runs at high speed are common. 2.Gravure's remarkable density range makes it the best choice for fine art and photography Packaging printing, where printing on a variety of substrates is needed. Long runs are also common. 3.Gravure is also used to print laminates, gift wrap, wallpaper, postage stamps, and th e text on candies and pills, among other things. Q3-write short note on - 1. Screen Printing - Screen printing is a printing technique whereby a mesh is used to transfer ink onto a substrate, except in areas made impermeable to the ink by a blocking stencil. ... Traditionally the process was calledscreen printing or silkscreen printing because silk was used in the process prior to the invention of polyester mesh. The image to be printed is photographically transferred to a very fine fabric (the screen) such that the non-printing areas are blocked off and the fabric serves as a stencil. The ink is wiped across the screen to pass through the unblocked pores and reach the substrate. For each color to be printed a separate screen is prepared and the process is repeated. It is more suitable for curved shapes (such as bottles and cups), non-porous surfaces (such as ceramics and metals), and short print runs. Also called serigraphy. 2.Flexography: Flexography is a modern version of letterpress printing. This traditional method of printing can be used on almost any type of substrate, including corrugated cardboard, cellophane, plastic, label stock, fabric and metallic film. Flexography uses quick-drying, semi-liquid inks. In this new age of digital printing, flexography holds its own in the areas of large orders, particularly of packaging products and labeling. Flexographic printing uses flexible photopolymer printing plates wrapped around rotating cylinders on a web press. The inked plates have a slightly raised image and rotate at high speeds to transfer the image to the substrate. Flexography inks can print on many types of absorbent and non-absorbent materials. Flexography is well- suited to print continuous patterns, such as for gift wrap and wallpaper. PR 204 IIIrd test Date 10.04.2018 Session 2017‐18 Explain the Following Term 1. Super caster Machine‐ 2. CTP‐ Computer to plate (CTP) is an imaging technology used in modern printing processes. In this technology, an image created in a Desktop Publishing (DTP) application is output directly to a printing plate. This compares with the older technology, Computer to film (CTF), where the computer file is output onto a photographic film. This film is then used to make a printing plate, in a similar manner to a contact proof in darkroom photography. CTP methods differ according to the construction type of the imagesetter and the light source used to expose the plate surface. In terms of construction type there are three different kinds: internal drum, external drum and flat‐bed imagesetters. The two main light sources used to expose the plate are ultraviolet light lamps and laser diodes. The wavelength and energy of the laser diodes depend on the type of plate that is used. This technology is mainly use in newspaper and magazine printing. Types of CTP‐Plates (Computer‐to‐plate) Photopolymer plates, Silverhalogen plates, Thermal plates 3. DROSS‐ PR 206 IIIRD TEST MODEL ANSWERS Mm:15 Time;1 hr Q-1 write the name of chemicals used in developer ? Answer- Solution A Water at 125° F 500 ml Sodium sulphite 36.5 g Boric acid crystals 9.4 g Hydroquinone 28 g Potassium bromide 2 g Water to make 1 litre Solution B Water at 90 ° F 500 ml Sodium bisulphite* 11 g Sodium sulphite 1 g Paraformaldehyde 37.5 g Water to make 1 litre Q2- What is contact Screen explain? Answer-The term Halftone Screen refers to the pattern of dots of varying sizes applied to an image of varying tones, or same sized dots applied to a tint of colour, when output to - film for the printing processes - or laser printed artwork etc..These high precision pieces of film had a cris-cross pattern of varying density in the emulsion.