Network Monitoring Plan
Approved September 9, 2013
Fort Air Partnership Network Monitoring Plan
Table of Contents
1. General Information ...... 3 2. Monitoring Information……………………………………………………………………………………...... 8 3. Planned New Monitoring Projects…………………………………………………………………… ...... 10 4. Monitoring Network ...... 23 5. Monitored Substances ...... 26 6. Monitoring Methods ...... 28 7. Data Management Practices…………………………………………………………………………… ...... 32 8. Additional Considerations for Continuous Improvement of the Existing Network ...... 33
Appendices: A. Continuous Monitoring Site Descriptions ...... 34 B. VOC Analyte List ...... 38 C. Redundancy Consideration of Network Parameters ...... 39
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1. General Information
1.1. The Need for a Monitoring Plan
The Fort Air Partnership (FAP) is a registered not-for-profit society established in 1997 to operate an air quality monitoring network in a 4,500 square kilometer area northeast of Edmonton that includes Fort Saskatchewan, Gibbons, Bon Accord, Bruderheim, Lamont, Redwater, Waskatenau, Thorhild, and Elk National Island Park. In November 2000, FAP became the fourth airshed in Alberta recognized by the Clean Air Strategic Alliance (CASA). FAP is a multi-stakeholder group with members from industry, government, and the public. FAP members see the benefit of sitting down together and working through issues in order to fulfill its mission. The FAP Board holds monthly meetings that are open to the public. Decisions of the Board and its committees are made by consensus.
Historically, the FAP monitoring network consisted of industrial fence line monitoring, the Alberta Government monitoring program at Fort Saskatchewan, and an Environment Canada program at Elk Island National Park. The primary monitoring objective was to ensure compliance with regulatory monitoring requirements of Alberta’s Environmental Protection and Enhancement Act (EPEA) operating approvals. Monitoring data was also compared to Alberta’s Ambient Air Quality Objectives (AAAQOs) and Canada-Wide Standards (CWSs). However, in recent years, the Airshed monitoring concept adopted in Alberta has shifted the focus from fence line monitoring to operating monitoring networks to gain a better understanding of regional air quality.
The benefit of regional monitoring is that it provides the ability to measure the cumulative impact of all pollutants and their sources – not only regulated industrial emissions, but also non-regulated emission sources such as oil and gas drilling and agricultural and urban activities. This regionalization of monitoring will also allow for a more accurate comparison to ambient air quality standards such as AAAQOs and CWSs. In the future, ambient air quality monitoring will play a role in triggering air quality management activities and assessing the efficacy of those activities. At the same time, stakeholders in FAP are interested in emerging local issues, such as new facilities and regional development.
It was recognized that the current monitoring network, consisting mainly of fence line monitoring locations historically placed due to industrial operating requirements, was not adequate to meet these evolving needs. Therefore, in 2011, FAP requested an independent network assessment to maximize the ability of the monitoring network to generate data in a cost effective and sustainable way to meet all of FAPs monitoring objectives.
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Sonoma Technology, Inc. (STI) completed an Evaluation of Fort Air Partnership Ambient Air Quality Monitoring Network report (STI Report) in 2012. This evaluation covered both continuous and passive monitoring networks located within the Fort Air Partnership that were in operation at that time.
The STI Report found that the current FAP monitoring network is well suited for meeting some of its monitoring objectives and needs improvements to meet other monitoring objectives. STI made several recommendations in their report dated February 15, 2012. These recommendations were prioritized by their ability to (1) better meet multiple F A P monitoring objectives; (2) reduce unnecessary measurements; and (3) improve a single monitoring objective or emerging issue.
The recommendations made in the Network Assessment Report are the trigger for the development of this plan. This plan will be reviewed by the FAP TWG annually to ensure it remains applicable and current.
1.2. Implementation and Timing
Funding must be secured before this plan can be implemented. It is FAP’s intent to seek funding from a number of sources to enable implementation of this plan. However, it is projected that it will take several years before all changes in this plan are in place.
FAP plans to address emerging issues through an annual review of the monitoring plan. After review it will be updated as deemed necessary with new timelines as appropriate. Other factors, influences and provincial governance of monitoring may also impact the implementation of this plan.
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1.3. Authorities for Developing and Implementing the Monitoring Plan
Figure 1: FAP Organizational Structure
FAP Board Financial (public, Internal Audit industry, Committee government)
FAP Executive Committee
FAP Executive Director
FAP FAP Network Communications Manager Director
Technical Working Communications Operations and Data Validation Group (public, Committee (public, Maintenance Contractor industry, industry, Contractor government) government)
Network Change Implementation Committee
FAP assigned the development of a monitoring plan based on the recommendations in the STI report, and FAP’s monitoring objectives, to a subcommittee of the standing Technical Working Group. An ad- hoc Network Change Implementation Committee (NCIC) was struck. This ad-hoc committee consists of a subset of the Technical Working Group. This monitoring plan was developed by the NCIC, then reviewed and approved by the TWG for submission to the FAP Board, which provided final approval prior to the plan being submitted to ESRD.
Network Change Implementation Committee Membership
Harry Benders, FAP Network Manager Nadine Blaney, FAP Executive Director Jeff Cooper, Focus Operations Manager Michelle Poherliak, NCIA (Sherritt Metals) Wally Qiu, Alberta Environment and Sustainable Resource Development Ludmilla Rodriguez, Alberta Health Services Darcy Walberg, NCIA (Agrium Redwater) Joy Wesley, FAP Board Vice Chair (Public Member)
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1.4. Fort Air Partnership Monitoring Objectives
The monitoring objectives for the FAP network are:
Understand spatial distribution of pollutants in the region. Identify regional air quality trends. Provide flexibility to characterize emerging issues, sources, and locations. Provide appropriate information for evaluating population exposure to ambient air quality. Provide information required to understand air quality impacts on the health of the environment. Improve the ability to identify and apportion pollutant sources for purposes of air quality management. Provide suitable input and validation information for air quality models.
All projects in this monitoring plan are carried out under the umbrella objective of meeting current regulatory requirements for ambient air quality monitoring.
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Several projects were recommended in the network assessment to better meet FAP monitoring objectives. These projects and the correlation to FAP’s monitoring objectives are listed below.
Table 1: Monitoring Objectives and Projects Objectives Meet current Understand Identify Provide Provide Provide Improve the Provide regulatory spatial regional air flexibility to information to information to ability to suitable input requirements distribution of quality trends characterize evaluate understand air identify and and validation for ambient pollutants in emerging population quality apportion information air quality the region. issues exposure to impacts on the pollutant for air quality
monitoring ambient air environment sources for air models
quality. quality Project management Gibbons X X X X X X X station Portable X X X X X X X X station Redwater Industrial X X X X X X relocation Scotford 2 X X X X relocation Organic hydrocarbons X X X X X X X sampling Upgrade PM2.5 X X X X X X technology
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2. Monitoring Information
2.1. Network Overview
Figure 2: Fort Air Partnership Map
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Continuous Monitoring Stations
FAP currently operates eight continuous ambient air quality monitoring stations in an area northeast of Edmonton, Alberta, Canada.
Four stations were established as fence line stations, with locations and parameters specified in regulatory industrial approvals, with a primary objective to monitor ambient air quality in the immediate vicinity of industrial facilities. These stations are Range Road 220 AQM Station, Ross Creek AQM Station, Scotford 2 AQM Station, and Redwater Industrial AQM Station.
Lamont County AQM Station operates as a fence line station, required by regulatory approval, but unlike the other compliance stations, Lamont County is not in close proximity to an industry site. The primary monitoring objective of this station is to monitor the effects of multiple emission sources on air quality.
The Fort Saskatchewan AQM Station is located in the City of Fort Saskatchewan. This station has a long history of operation by Alberta Environment and Sustainable Resource Development (ESRD) and is part of the National Air Pollution Surveillance (NAPS) monitoring network. The primary objective of this station is to monitor ambient air quality where people live, to provide trending information, and for compliance to Alberta’s Ambient Air Quality Objectives (AAAQOs) and Canada-Wide Standards (CWS).
Elk Island AQM Station is located in a National Park and is also part of the NAPS monitoring network. The primary objective of this station is to monitor air quality in a protected area that is downwind of a major Canadian city and a few kilometres from two Industrial clusters. It is also in place to meet the FAP monitoring objective to provide information to understand air quality impacts on the environment.
FAP’s newest station was commissioned in Bruderheim in 2010. The primary objective for this station is to monitor ambient air quality where people live.
Locations of the monitoring stations are marked on the airshed map on previous page. Details of the continuous monitoring stations are found in Appendix A.
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Passive Monitoring Network
FAP also operates a network of 55 sites with passive monitors throughout the geographic area of the airshed. The passive monitors measure monthly average concentrations of Sulphur D ioxide (SO2),
Hydrogen Sulphide (H2S) or both. Samples are exchanged within two days of the first of each month and sent to an accredited laboratory for analysis.
Passive monitors are intended to gather information over a broad spatial area and to measure trends over time. Sites are set on a spatial grid across the region, to establish a picture of comparative air quality throughout the airshed. A few passive monitoring sites are located near local emission sources instead of on a regional basis, which should be considered when interpreting the data. Passive site locations are marked on the airshed map on page 8 of this document.
Data from both continuous and passive monitoring sites is available on the FAP website. Ambient air monitoring results are also submitted to meet requirements to Alberta Environment and Sustainable Resource Development.
3. Planned New Monitoring Projects
3.1. New Permanent Station at Gibbons
Project Drivers There are several drivers for the addition of a continuous ambient monitoring station in the vicinity of Gibbons. These include the following:
This station will provide information on the influence of trans-boundary emissions from the Edmonton area coming into the FAP airshed.
This station will monitor ambient air quality where people live, which is one of FAP’s priority level one monitoring objectives. The data collected at this station will also be used to calculate the Air Quality Health Index. As quoted from the STI Report “the Gibbons and Redwater areas are shown as the most suitable locations for monitoring emissions sources affecting populations in areas that do not currently have continuous monitors”. The Town of Redwater was another suggested population centre to consider, however, relocation of the Redwater station closer to the Town of Redwater is another project included in this plan.
The addition of this station will also address recommendations made in both the STI Report commissioned by FAP and the Capital Region Network Assessment (contracted by ESRD to evaluate the monitoring locations for PM2.5, O3, NO2 and SO2 across the Capital Region) regarding adding stations to better represent a north-south axis of monitoring stations.
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Project Description A new fully equipped permanent station will be added in the community of Gibbons. This station will be funded by capital contributions from a new upgrader facility due to start operations within the FAP airshed in 2016. Monitoring on behalf of this facility must be in place by January 1, 2016. The Town of Gibbons is a suitable location and would address the lack of monitoring along the north-south axis of the airshed and the entire Capital Region as identified in both the FAP and Capital Region network assessments.
The station would be an environmentally controlled skid shelter outfitted with equipment to monitor the following parameters that would also allow the calculation of the Air Quality Health Index: SO2, H2S,
PM2.5, Ozone, NO, NO2, NOX, wind speed and direction, temperature and relative humidity.
ESRD Resources An Airpointer® or portable air monitoring lab (PAML) loaned from the Alberta Government could be used for a short term study to identify or verify a possible location in or near Gibbons for the permanent station. The Airpointer® is a free standing portable enclosure able to monitor for the following compounds; SO2, H2S, PM2.5, Ozone, NO, NO2, NOX and in the near future non-methane hydrocarbons (NMHC). The PAML is a fully equipped wheeled trailer housing continuous air monitors for most of the compounds monitored by FAP at its other stations.
Equipment and Data Analyzers compatible with technology in use throughout the FAP network will be purchased for this station. Monitoring methods used are and will be all EPA approved methods for continuous analyzers and where addressed in the AMD, accepted by the AMD. Data from this station would be integrated into the FAP reports and subject to the same quality assurance protocols as the rest of the FAP network including submission to the CASA data warehouse.
Implementation The portable station described in Section 2.2.2 could possibly be used for a short-term study to identify possible locations for the permanent station. This would depend on the timing of procurement and preparation of the portable.
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3.2. Portable Monitoring Station
Project Drivers The addition of a portable monitoring station to the FAP network would enable FAP to meet a number of objectives, including several identified in the network assessment as recommendations:
• Add monitoring to parts of the airshed underserved by air monitoring. Data generated from a portable monitoring station could improve spatial characterization, characterize emissions/transport, and provide suitable input for air quality models. Additionally, they may help characterize sources and locations using triangulation. • Identify upwind concentrations coming into the airshed by setting up a site upwind of most major emissions sources. • Enable the characterization of air quality where people live, by placing the portable in various communities. • Enable the placement of continuous trailers through use of the portable for short-term scoping projects. • Enable FAP to respond to issues or concerns brought up throughout the airshed region.
Project Description Some portions of the airshed are not well served by monitoring. A portable monitoring station rotating at several months per site through several locations will address spatial gaps. Proposed sites for the use of a portable monitoring station include the following:
Town of Thorhild. Community of Waskatenau (on the FAP east border) Community of Newbrook (on the FAP northern border) FAP west border site A site near a concentration of oil and gas development. (at minimum the general area if not the exact location is to be determined in conjunction with ERCB) New site for Redwater Industrial Station. (for identification of possible site for permanent station described in a separate project) Town of Gibbons (for identification of possible site for permanent station described in a separate project)
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The station would be at a given site for a three to six month time period and then be moved to the next site as per a rotation schedule that will be developed once sites have been determined and prepared. Subsequent visits to the site would be during different seasons to ensure that data would be gathered over all four seasons at each site, and to enable the collection of data for trending. As well, simple triangulation using current measurements from all stations and the portable will enable apportionment of sources to a coarse degree.
NMHC sampling should be part of a portable station as air emissions from oil and gas development have historically caused concern for some residents. It is an important consideration for FAP because air quality around local oil and gas development has not been well characterized. Funding support for NMHC monitoring specific to oil and gas emissions would need to be identified.
Equipment and Data There are at least two options for addition of portable monitoring capability to the network. At the time of implementation there may be other viable options to deliver this capability effectively. These should be fully investigated at that time.
1. Portable Wheeled Trailer This station would be an environmentally controlled wheeled trailer similar in size to current shelters currently in use in the FAP continuous stations. The trailer would be outfitted with equipment to monitor the following compounds that would also allow the calculation of the Air
Quality Health Index: SO2, H2S, PM2.5, ozone, NO, NO2, NOX, ammonia, non-methane hydrocarbons (NMHC), wind speed and direction, temperature and relative humidity. Note that in the future, a portable monitoring trailer can be converted to a permanent continuous station if necessary.
Analyzers compatible with technology in use throughout the FAP network will be purchased for this station. Monitoring methods used are and will be all EPA approved methods for continuous analyzers and where addressed in the AMD, accepted by the AMD. Data from the portable station would be integrated into the FAP reports and subject to the same quality assurance protocols as the rest of the FAP network, including submission to the CASA data warehouse. 2. Airpointer® An Airpointer® may be considered as an alternative to a complete portable station. The Airpointer® is a portable enclosure that uses the same technology measurement systems as continuous analyzers employed within the FAP monitoring program. At the time of writing this plan, the data from an Airpointer® is not accepted into the Provincial CASA Data Warehouse.
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Figure 3: Airpointer Installation
Possible ESRD Resources The Airpointer® from the Alberta Government could be used for a short term study to identify possible locations for the portable station. The Airpointer® is a free standing portable enclosure able to monitor several key compounds; SO2, H2S, PM2.5, Ozone, NO, NO2, NOX.
The possibility exists for the use of an Alberta Government owned Portable Air Monitoring Lab (PAML) at the beginning of this project for the first few sites in the schedule, while new equipment is being procured and prepared. Later in the project a PAML could be used if available for some of these sites in the schedule.
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3.3. Relocation of the Redwater Industrial Monitoring Station
Project Drivers The Redwater Industrial station began operation prior to FAP taking over the monitoring network in 2003. This station was one of the stations placed to comply with regulatory approvals for industry to operate in the region under EPEA. Termed at that time as compliance stations, these stations were meant to monitor ambient (outdoor) air quality in the immediate vicinity of industrial facilities. As such, this station strictly monitors for local effects on air quality, also known as fence line monitoring. Fence line monitoring data from this location (which is located in the midst of an industrial area) cannot be extrapolated to portray an accurate picture of regional impacts on air quality. To enable a better understanding of the regional air quality, in accordance with FAP’s monitoring objectives, it was deemed necessary to re-locate this station. Relocating this station closer to the Town of Redwater will also allow FAP to monitor for ambient air quality where people live, another FAP monitoring objective.
Project Description
The Redwater Industrial station will be moved off the Agrium Redwater property. The new location for this station should be within a few kilometers of the current site and the Town of Redwater to better meet FAPs monitoring objectives. The proposed portable station or the Alberta Government PAML could be used for a short-term project to determine the best permanent location for this station.
3.4. Relocation of the Scotford 2 Monitoring Station
Project Drivers FAP’s Scotford 2 station is situated in a pipeline corridor right-of-way and must be relocated, to allow construction on an Enbridge pipeline. Construction of the pipeline has not yet been scheduled. It is estimated that Scotford 2 will be relocated in either late 2013 or early 2014.
Project Description A new monitoring shelter (which is currently in FAP’s inventory) will be installed at a yet to be determined new location. Monitoring equipment from the current location will be moved to the new shelter. If sufficient monitoring equipment is available and time allows, some time with both stations operating concurrently is desired.
A plan for the relocation of this station has been developed, including a review of monitoring objectives and modeling and emissions inventory data to determine the optimum location for the Scotford 2 station. The new location will be chosen, such that it will at minimum maintain and ideally increase FAP’s understanding of the air quality in the region, and meet the same monitoring objectives currently set for the Scotford 2 station.
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3.5. Discontinue Redundant Monitors
Project Drivers The network assessment identified several analyzers as possible candidates for removal and/or relocation as described in the STI Report which identified certain monitors that are located in close proximity and providing redundant data. Discontinuing the use of redundant monitors will aid FAP in using monitoring resources most efficiently.
Project description The committee undertook a more detailed look at the highest ranked candidate analyzers for removal as specified in the network assessment. This included an investigation into the history of why each analyzer was placed at a given station, as well as factors to support continuing their operation at a given station and/or obstacles to their removal.
A justification document will be developed to justify the removal of each of these 3 analyzers with the intention of overcoming any remaining obstacles. This document will be submitted to ESRD for approval. The best candidates for removal are listed in the following implementation section.
Implementation
S02 at Ross Creek and Range Road 220 • This analyzer was the lowest ranked of all SO2 monitors against the FAP monitoring objectives according to analysis in the STI Report. • There is also an SO2 analyzer 2.5 km away at the Ft Saskatchewan station. • The least valuable sites in the SO2 monitoring network as determined in the network assessment included both Ross Creek and Range Road 220, which had the lowest measured concentrations in the network, low population, a small area served, and low emissions served for both stationary sources.
NH3 at Range Road 220 • This analyzer was the lowest ranked of all NH3 monitors against the FAP monitoring objectives according to analysis in the STi Report. • The site in the NH3 monitoring network with the lowest concentrations as determined by the network assessment was Range Road 220. • NH3 is also monitored at the Ross Creek station, within 7 kilometers of the RR220 station.
Any removed analyzers will either be used in new monitoring installations or as spare analyzers for the network.
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3.6. PM10 Sampling Cessation
Project Drivers
When the Lamont County station began operating in 2001, the measurement of PM10 was an established technology; while PM2.5 was still relatively new with little historical data in Alberta. Both
PM10 and PM2.5 were included in an industrial facility operating approval that required this monitoring station. In the 12 years since the station was first installed, PM2.5 data has become more valuable as a health effects indicator and PM10 has diminished in value such that it is measured very little across
Alberta or Canada. When sampling for PM10 began in the 1990’s it was the best technology available for continuous particulate monitoring. It is no longer used for comparison purposes or any other regional reporting. There is no longer a regulatory requirement to measure PM10, nor ESRD ambient objectives or guidelines for PM10.
Project description
FAP will cease monitoring PM10 at Lamont County by the end of 2013. The analyzer will be removed from the station to allow space for additional equipment planned for that site.
3.7. Organic Hydrocarbons Sampling
Project Drivers One of FAP’s monitoring objectives is to characterize emerging issues and sources contributing to air quality in the FAP region. A specific issue that has arisen in the past few years is concerns from the Town of Bruderheim regarding oil and gas emissions from wells surrounding the Town.
Oil and gas well sources are not well characterized in the FAP region due to the fact that historically, monitoring has only been required for large scale development related to oil and gas and chemical manufacturing. This meant that only facilities with emissions above a certain level were required to contribute to air quality monitoring leading to the resulting air monitoring network being built on that premise. It is now recognized, by both FAP and ESRD that a better understanding of the cumulative impact of all emission sources on regional air quality is required, including smaller sources such as oil and gas wells.
There are two separate sub-projects under this umbrella project.
1. Bruderheim Volatile Organic Compounds (VOC) sampling: Intermittent volatile organic compound (VOC) sampling will be added at the Bruderheim station to monitor the most important additional AAAQO compounds. This project was recommended in the Network Assessment due to concerns expressed by residents in the Bruderheim area. Since the Bruderheim station began monitoring in 2010, several unexplained VOC events have registered on the continuous hydrocarbon analyzer at the station.
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2. VOC sampling in area of Oil and Gas development: The FAP airshed geographic area encompasses some concentrated areas of upstream oil and gas development. The Network Assessment identified a need to better characterize emissions from oil and gas wells. Data from this project will be used to provide an evaluation of air quality impacts of upstream oil and gas development.
Sub-project 1: Bruderheim VOC sampling
Project Description The AQHI is currently the primary means to report potential air quality impact to human health. In this project, FAP would monitor additional VOC compounds that have Alberta Ambient Air Quality objectives and are emitted in the FAP airshed. The network assessment identified 30 AAAQO compounds that in 2012 were not measured in FAP. Not all of these 30 compounds are emitted in the FAP airshed so sampling of these would not be necessary.
A representation of emissions from facilities within FAP borders as found in a 2010 National Pollutant Release Inventory (NPRI) is given in Figure 4. A comparison of this NPRI information compared to the AAAQO and the list of laboratory analytes is included in Table 2 of this report. A complete list of proposed analytes for integrated VOC samples is given in Appendix C. Additional compounds may be added to the list of analytes for additional cost. This would be determined at the time of funding request and during the project design.
Figure 4: VOC graph from NPRI VOC Emissions within FAP – from NPRI
5 139.3 90.3 56.1 4.5
4
3.5
a 3
Y 2.5
s s p 2
1.5 Tonn 1
0.5
0
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Table 2: VOC compounds emitted within the FAP Airshed
FROM NPRI within FAP AAAQO Standard Lab Analyte 1,3-Butadiene Yes Acetaldehyde Yes Yes Anthracene Benzene Yes Yes Benzo(a)phenanthrene – PAH Benzo(g,h,i)perylene – PAH Ethylene Yes Yes Ethylene glycol Ethylene oxide Yes Methanol Yes Yes n-Hexane Yes Yes Phenanthrene – PAH Propylene Yes Toluene Yes Yes
Whole air sampling for the VOC’s listed in Table 2 would be added to the Bruderheim station. These samples would be 24 hour integrated samples from midnight to midnight on each sampling day. Samples would then be sent to an analytical laboratory for analysis of the target compounds. The whole air samples would be analyzed for a laboratory standard suite of compounds which would include those identified in the NPRI listings as being emitted in FAP. The samples may have additional analytes over and above those identified in Table 2.
A proposed sampling schedule would be on a 1 in 6 or 1 in 12 day frequency for the duration of the project. Final decisions on sampling schedule and project duration would be made at the time this project is implemented.
Some VOC samples could be targeted to attempt to determine the source of the unexplained VOC events. With some additional hardware, VOC intermittent samples could be triggered by elevated non methane measurements on the non-methane hydrocarbon analyzer already in use at the station.
Sub-project 2: VOC sampling in area of oil and gas development
Project Description The FAP airshed geographic area encompasses some concentrated areas of upstream oil and gas development. A short term monitoring project will enable emissions characterizations of oil and gas wells within FAP. Data from this project could be used to provide an evaluation of air quality impacts of upstream oil and gas development. Two options exist to carry out this sub-project.
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Option 1: Add VOC sampling to planned Portable Station described earlier in this plan.
Project Description One of the sites for the proposed portable air monitoring station as described earlier in this plan would be identified in an area of FAP with concentrated upstream oil and gas development. In addition to the continuous analyzers, a VOC sampler would be added to the analyzer complement already in the portable shelter. Laboratory analysis of samples taken with the VOC sampler would be required as discussed earlier in the Bruderheim VOC sampling. Coinciding with schedule of the portable station, the duration of this subproject would be 3 to 6 months.
Option 2: Employ ESRD mobile laboratory with added VOC sampling
Project Description A monitoring campaign by the ESRD Mobile Air Monitoring Laboratory (MAML) would be designed to capture data within key areas of the airshed. The MAML is a fully self-contained motorized air monitoring station on wheels. Project design would be in consultation between FAP and ESRD. In general, hourly average measurements from analyzers on the MAML while visiting a few key sites over a number of days would be supplemented by integrated VOC sampling taken in proximity to and in conjunction with the MAML. The VOC samples could be manually triggered based on odours detected by the MAML operator or at specific time coordinated with the MAML schedule.
A similar project was carried out in FAP in 2006 and 2007 by ESRD. This study measured no AAAQO exceedances and found methanol, propane, butane and acetone were the four highest volatile organic compounds detected. But the concentrations of these four compounds at the study sites were not markedly different from background samples.
The MAML is owned and operated by ESRD and any project would be designed in conjunction with ESRD and documented as part of the ESRD process at that time. Ideally project design would encompass monitoring and sampling over multiple days and multiple seasons. The number of VOC integrated samples that would be taken during a mobile campaign is subject to future project details.
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Note: The following paragraphs apply to both sub-projects: Bruderheim Volatile Organic Compounds (VOC) sampling and VOC sampling in area of oil and gas development.
Equipment and Data VOC samples are captured in an industry standard six litre capacity Summa canisters. A sampler control unit is needed to start and stop sampling at prescribed times and control air flow into the sample container. In order to accomplish sampling based on elevated measurements on the NMHC analyzer, additional hardware would be required to link the NMHC and the VOC sampler.
The analysis of whole air samples would be performed by an independent, accredited analytical laboratory. As such, the data would be subject to the quality control processes at that lab. Some blank, duplicate, and background samples would be recommended also. FAP would submit data from VOC sampling done at Bruderheim and on the Portable station to the CASA Data Warehouse.
Data from the MAML is subject to ESRD quality assurance procedures. The MAML data would be compiled into a report, normally written by ESRD staff.
ESRD Resources Resources from ESRD would be relied on to carry out this project. ESRD contribution could come in-kind in the form of capital equipment loan and/or via grant funds to cover the cost of lab sample analysis and/or MAML and equipment and operators thereof. A request for support has been sent in to ESRD (letter attached for reference in Appendix E).
3.8. Upgrade PM2.5 Technology
Project Drivers The network assessment recommends that FAP use consistent PM2.5 monitoring technology at all stations. Environment Canada and the Alberta Government are working toward requiring all PM2.5 monitors reporting against guidelines or standards to be Federal Equivalent Method (FEM) technology. FEM technologies are determined by the USEPA and will soon become a requirement of the new Alberta Air Monitoring Directive.
As of January, 2013, FAP had PM2.5 monitors in use at five of its eight continuous monitoring stations including Fort Saskatchewan, Elk Island, Lamont County, Redwater Industrial and Bruderheim.
Project description FAP will upgrade older PM2.5 monitoring equipment within the network to the same technology as used in the newer PM2.5 monitoring equipment. In 2010 FAP selected the Synchronized Hybrid Ambient Real time Particulate (SHARP) technology as the FEM technology of choice. Once this project is complete all stations will use FEM technology and will therefore meet Environment
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Canada and Alberta standards required for AQHI and Canada Wide Standards reporting. At the end of 2013 all stations that currently provide data to report the AQHI in FAP will use the same technology to monitor PM2.5. This ensures that all AQHI results are calculated with PM2.5 data measured using the same technology across the FAP airshed. The Grimm analyzer has been allocated to the Redwater Industrial station because the AQHI is not calculated from that station.
There are two sampling comparison projects ongoing as of April 2013 to add to the understanding of how the change in technology may affect the data.
3.9. Passives Monitoring for Nitrogen Dioxide and Ozone
At the time that the passive monitoring network for NO2 and O3 was removed, FAP agreed to include the following in the long-term monitoring plan, as per ESRD’s recommendations:
1. An ongoing plan to assess and ensure the NO2 and O3 continuous monitoring stations provide representative coverage within the FAP boundary.
An analysis of what monitoring data is required to evaluate whether the continuous monitoring stations provide representative coverage within the FAP boundary will be done every 3 years. A project plan would be developed that would be appropriate for the circumstances at that time. FAP will consider the use of one of or a combination the following monitoring resources:
A portable station owned and operated by FAP that would rotate throughout various locations throughout the FAP airshed. An ESRD owned portable station (if available) that would be operated by FAP and used in appropriate locations throughout the FAP airshed. A subset of the original passives network using existing passive shelters already in place throughout the FAP airshed. The number of passives required would be determined at the time the analysis is conducted. The passives data gathered would be compared to both the historical passives data and to the current continuous monitoring data.
2. A commitment to reinstate the NO2 and O3 passives network if deemed necessary and an outline of the decision process.
FAP will address this requirement using the Capital Region Air Quality Management Framework level triggers as a guide. This framework specifies trigger levels for both NO2 and O3. FAP will use the annual summary report released by ESRD each year to assess whether any of the FAP stations have entered a higher management level as compared to the previous year.
If this increase in levels occurs, this will trigger the need for FAP to conduct an internal assessment to
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evaluate the need to reinstate passive monitors, including but not limited to the following:
An assessment of emission sources in the region to determine whether there has been an increase in NO2 emissions and/or O3 precursor emissions. An assessment of anomalous air quality events or meteorological events in the year the state of the environment assessment was completed. An assessment of the informational value of restarting passive monitoring for NO2 and/or O3. Decisions would be made that are appropriate for the circumstances at that time.
4. Monitoring Network Locations
4.1. Continuous Network
The eight continuous permanent stations locations are listed below. Proposed continuous sites are also given.
Table 3: Continuous monitoring station locations
Monitoring Station Latitude Longitude Bruderheim 53.80012N 112.92780W Elk Island 53.68236N 112.86806W Fort Saskatchewan 53.69883N 113.22319W Lamont County 53.76036N 112.88017W Range Road 220 53.75245N 113.12582W Redwater Industrial (as of Jan 53.84369N 113.09922W
Ross Creek 53.71622N 113.19994W
Scotford 2 (as of Jan 2013) 53.80118N 113.05088W
Gibbons (proposed) TBD TBD
Thorhild (proposed portable site) TBD TBD
Waskatenau (proposed portable TBD TBD Newbrook (proposed portable site) TBD TBD FAP west border (proposed portable TBD TBD A site near a concentration of oil and TBD TBD gas (proposed portable site)
TBD = site to be determined.
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4.2. Passive Monitoring Network
FAP operates a network of 55 sites with passive monitors that measure monthly average concentrations of
Sulphur Dioxide (SO2), Hydrogen Sulphide (H2S) or both. Samples are exchanged within two days of the first of each month and sent to a laboratory for analysis. Data is published on the FAP website. Ambient air monitoring results are also submitted for compliance purposes to Alberta Environment and Sustainable Resource Development. The site locations of the passive samplers are listed below.
Table 4: Passive monitoring station locations
Site Location Longitude Latitude SO2 H2S
1 Stocks Greenhouses -113.24888 53.59520 • 2 Ardrossan northeast -113.10185 53.58852 • 3 NE of Bruderheim -112.82701 53.86667 • 4 Waskatenau -112.77622 54.09875 • • 5 Thorhild -113.13310 54.15233 • 7 Bon Accord -113.42423 53.83382 • 8 Gibbons -113.31595 53.83163 • 9 Hu-Haven -113.20488 53.77050 • 11 North of BA -113.04892 53.83195 • 12 TwpRd 564A RgeRd 212 -113.02542 53.86578 • • 15 Hwy 830 Twp Rd 560 -112.97650 53.80435 • 17 Rge Rd 213 TwpRd 552 -113.04987 53.75262 • 18 Rge Rd 211 TwpRd 552 -113.00046 53.75253 • • 20 Rge Rd 202 -112.87668 53.75937 • • 21 Josephburg east -112.97538 53.70850 • • 22 Elk Island Park west gate -112.87693 53.68760 • • 23 Goodhope -112.92647 53.66333 • • 24 North of Scotford -113.08574 53.81873 • • 26 Twp Rd 560 Rge Rd 221 -113.14945 53.80352 • • 27 N Sask. boat launch -113.00035 53.88125 • • 28 Redwater Natural Area S -112.95077 53.90445 • • 29 Redwater Natural Area N -112.94830 53.94908 • • 30 Redwater south -113.10012 53.93430 • •
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Table 4 (continued):
Site Location Longitude Latitude SO2 H2S 31 Northwest of Scotford -113.10838 53.81068 • • 32 Degussa -113.13220 53.83328 • • 33 Twp Rd 552 Rge Rd 225 -113.24816 53.74508 • • 34 C&C Tree Farm -113.48362 53.74538 • 35 Bon Accord southwest -113.47893 53.82511 • • 36 Galloway Seed -113.22421 53.65760 • 37 Twp Rd 564 Rge Rd 224 -113.22356 53.86307 • • 38 Peno -112.67866 53.92182 • • 39 Saint Michael -112.67831 53.83245 • • 40 Lamont east -112.70287 53.74522 • • 41 Lily Lake -113.39769 53.91981 • 42 Radway – Val Soucy -113.02451 54.00701 • • 43 Keyera Site -113.16707 53.74515 • • 45 Scotford east -113.06388 53.77449 • 46 Josephburg -113.06930 53.71279 • • 47 Southeast of FAP -112.71777 53.54142 • 48 Highway 63 -113.02866 54.09348 • • 49 Namepi Creek -112.86401 54.00712 • • 50 Sprucefield -112.84794 54.18045 • • 51 Hollow Lake -112.72578 54.23882 • • 52 Abee -113.05190 54.26824 • • 53 Tawatinaw – Clearbrook -113.40039 54.26812 • • 54 Elbridge -113.22367 54.18151 • • 55 Taylor Lake -113.37483 54.10185 • • 56 Opal -113.22475 54.00706 • • 57 Scotford 2 -113.05088 53.80118 • • 59 Partridge Hill -113.09843 53.65791 • • 60 Oxbow Lake -112.95166 53.59954 • • 61 Drygrass Lake -112.77896 53.59954 • • 62 FAP East boundary -112.68102 53.65779 • • 63 Moss Lake EINP -112.83537 53.65783 •
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5. Monitored Substances
The following table illustrates what compounds are monitored or, in the case of new stations, will be monitored by FAP. Table 5: FAP continuous monitoring stations and parameters
Redwater Lamont Ross Range Elk Scotford 2 Fort Sask. Bruderheim Industrial County Creek Road 220 Island Portable Gibbons Wind speed and direction • • • • • • • • • • Air temperature • • • • • • • • • Relative humidity • • Barometric pressure • • • Ammonia (NH3) • • • • • • Carbon monoxide (CO) • Ethylene (C2H4) • • Ozone (O3) • • • • • • Total hydrocarbons (THC) • • • • Non-methane hydrocarbons • • • • • (NMHC) Methane (CH4) • • • • • Hydrogen Sulphide (H2S) • • • • •
Oxides of Nitrogen (NOx) • • • • • • • • • Nitric oxide (NO) • • • • • • • • • Nitrogen dioxide (NO2) • • • • • • • • •
Inhalable particulates (PM10) • •
Respirable particulates (PM2.5) • • • • • • •
Sulphur dioxide(SO2) • • • • • • • • • • Benzene (C6H6) • Toluene (C7H8) •
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Redwater Lamont Ross Fort Sask. Range Elk Scotford 2 Bruderheim Portable Gibbons Industrial County Creek Road 220 Island
Ethylbenzene (C8H10) • Xylene (C24H30) • Styrene (C8H8) •
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6. Monitoring Methods
Monitoring methods used are and will be all EPA approved methods for continuous analyzers and where addressed in the AMD, accepted by the AMD. Table 6: Continuous monitoring methods, limits, and sampling details
Instrument Make Sampling Lower Range Method Of Calibration Parameter Frequency and Model Detection Limit Detection Method
1-second samples, stored 0 - 500 ppb or 1 ppb 0.4ppb Dynamic dilution of Pulsed Sulphur Dioxide Teco 43C or 43i in 1-hour and 1-minute 0 - 1.000 ppm RMS 0.5ppb compressed gas fluorescence (SO2) averages RMS standard
Hydrogen Sulphide 1 - second samples, 0 - 100 ppb 1 ppb Pulsed Dynamic dilution of Teco 45C (H2S) stored in 1-hour and 1- fluorescence with compressed gas 0.4 ppb RMS Teco 450i minute averages (0 - 0.1 ppm) converter standard
Nitric Oxide, Teco 42C, 1 - second samples, stored in 0.4 ppb Dynamic dilution of Oxides of Nitrogen, Chemi- Teco 42i, 1-hour and 1-minute 0 - 500 ppb 0.4 ppb compressed gas Nitrogen Dioxide luminescence Teco 17C averages 0.5ppb RMS standard (NO, NOx, NO2)
Chemi- 1 - second samples, Dynamic dilution Ammonia luminescence Teco 17C Data stored in 1 hr, 5 0 - 10 ppm 0.4 ppb of compressed (NH ) with total 3 gas standard min, and 1 min nitrogen averages converter
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Table 6 continued: Lower Instrument Make Sampling Range Detection Calibration Parameter and Model Frequency Method Of Detection Limit Method
1.0 ppb 0.5ppb Teco 49C 1 - second samples, Data stored 0 - 500 ppb Ozone (O3) in 1 hr, 5 min, and 1 min Teco 49i (0 - 0.5 ppm) RMS Ultraviolet photometry O3 Reference Bench averages
Dynamic dilution Sample cycles occur every 200 Gas chromatography with Ethylene Peak Performer 0 - 2000 ppb of compressed gas seconds (18 samples per hour) flame ionization detector standard
1 - second samples, Data stored Dynamic dilution Carbon Monoxide Teco 48CTL in 1 hr, 5 min and 1 min 0 - 50 ppm 0.04 ppm Gas filter correlation of compressed gas (CO) averages standard
20 ppb Hydrocarbons 0 - 20 ppm MHC Dynamic dilution Sample cycles occur every 2.5 Methane 50 Gas chromatography with (MHC - nMHC Teco 55C 0 - 20 ppm nMHC of compressed gas minutes (24 samples per hour) ppb nMHC flame ionization detector or THC) 0 - 40 ppm THC (as propane) standard
Particulates TEOM 1400AB 1 - second samples, Data stored 3 3 Continuous weighing Pre - weighed filter PM2.5 (Redwater Industrial, in 1 hr, 5 min and 1 min 0 - 450 µg /m 0.2 µg /m of sample filter method (preheated to 30C) Fort Sask) averages
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Table 6 continued: Lower Instrument Make Sampling Range Detection Method Of Calibration Parameter and Model Frequency Limit Detection Method
Particulates PM2.5 SHARP 5030 Continuous sampling, Hybrid beta 3 3 Light transmitting foils (Fort Sask, Elk data stored in 1-min 0 - 1000 µg/ m 0.2 µg /m attenuation and Island) and 1-hr averages nephelometer
Particulates Continuous sampling, Grimm 180 3 data stored in 1-min 3 0.2 µg /m Spectrometry Factory PM2.5 (Bruderheim) 0 - 1000 µg/ m and 1-hr averages
Particulates PM2.5 Relative BAM 1020 1 hour averages 3 3 concentration by Factory (Lamont County) 0 - 1000 µg /m 1 µg /m beta attenuation
Benzene, Toluene, Gas chromatography Sample cycles occur Dynamic dilution of Ethylbenzene, Spectras GC955 with FID detection every 15 minutes 0 - 20ppb 0.02ppb compressed gas Xylene, Styrene (4 samples/hour) standard
3 cup anemometer RM Young 5103 0 - 100km/hr 1 - second samples, 0.9 km/hr and wind vane Wind Speed Wind 0 - 360 degrees Known RPM d ata stored in 1 hour, 5 Direction Standard or Factory min, and 1 min averages (WS/WD) 0 - 100km/hr Met One 50.5H 0.9 km/hr ultrasonic 0 - 360 degrees
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Table 6 continued: Lower Instrument Make Sampling Range Detection Method Of Calibration Parameter and Model Frequency Limit Detection Method Temperature Met One 1 - second samples -50 to +50 +/-1 degree Resistance Comparison to Reference Standard
Barometric Comparison to Vaisalla 500 - 900 mmHg +/-2 mmHg Pressure Data stored in 1 hour and 1 Reference Standard min averages Comparison to Relative Humidity Met One 0 - 100% +/-1 % Reference Standard
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7. Data Management Practices
7.1. Data Quality Control Procedures
In order to assure data collection quality and operational uptime, the following general procedures are performed:
Gas analyzers are subjected to a zero and single point calibration automatically on a daily basis. A daily review of the data is performed, where results of the daily zero and single point calibration from each analyzer are evaluated. Data is inspected for anomalies and technicians are dispatched to investigate as necessary. The data acquisition system flags data that is outside normal operating ranges for further review. Alarm set-points are automatically triggered for compounds that are subject to Alberta ambient objectives or guidelines. Each analyzer is subjected to a multi-point calibration on a monthly basis. Calibration reports are retained and copies are submitted to Alberta Environment and Sustainable Resource Development monthly. Alberta Environment and Sustainable Resource Development conduct performance audits of analyzers once a year, verifying that analyzer is working properly according to the Air Monitoring Directive. Auditors also make suggestions for improvements to the monitoring operation at the stations.
7.2. Data Validation Processes
Data validation occurs monthly. FAP uses one-minute data to calculate hourly, daily, and monthly averages. Data is baseline-corrected by interpolation between consecutive valid zero points. Data is plotted and reviewed together, comparing complementary or related parameters within a station. Information in the station logs, the daily zeroes and spans, and calibration reports are considered. Outliers, flat lines and other data irregularities are investigated. Data flags are applied as required.
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7.3. Data Reporting Protocol
The data from FAP stations is reported in several ways:
Live, unvalidated data is reported hourly and retained for 225 days at Alberta real- time website at http://www.envinfo.gov.ab.ca/airquality/ Validated data from continuous stations and passives monitors are submitted monthly to the CASA Data Warehouse at http://www.casadata.org/reports Data from all stations and Projects is summarized in FAP’s Annual Technical Report. This forms the basis for FAP’s annually published Report to The Community.
8. Additional Considerations for Continuous Improvement of Existing Network
It is recognized that funding for all projects included in this plan must be confirmed and implementation for any project is subject to this funding being available. Although project cost estimates are included in the plan, the required budgeting process is separate and will be dealt with according to FAP’s internal and external financial protocols.
FAP realizes that there may be emerging issues the committee is not aware of at the time this plan was approve and finalized. FAP plans to address this through an annual review of the monitoring plan. After review it will be updated as deemed necessary with new timelines and term extended as appropriate. Other factors, influences and Provincial governance of monitoring may also impact the implementation of this plan.
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Appendix A: Continuous Monitoring Site Descriptions
Bruderheim AQM Station
Primary Monitoring Objective: To monitor ambient air quality where people live. For a complete list of monitoring objectives, see p a g e 6 .
Continuous Parameters Monitored:
Methane and non-methane hydrocarbons, NO/NOX/NO2, ozone, PM2.5, PM10, SO2, ambient temperature, wind speed and direction. The station also reports the Air Quality Health Index.
Site Description: The Bruderheim AQM station was established in 2010. During 2009, FAP received approval from the Alberta Government to more effectively deploy monitoring resources in the FAP network. This involved decommissioning Station 401-Josephburg Road AQM Station in favour of a new location in the Town of Bruderheim. The station is located near the town centre, behind the businesses on Queen Street in Bruderheim.
Elk Island AQM Station
Primary Monitoring Objective: Understand the air quality impacts of a large Canadian city on a protected area and to understand the impacts of air quality on the health of the environment. For a complete list of monitoring objectives, see page 6.
Continuous Parameters Monitored: NO/NOX/NO2, ozone, PM2.5, SO2, wind speed and wind direction. A wet deposition sampler is also at the site. The station reports the Air Quality Health Index.
Site Description: This station is located within the boundaries of Elk Island National Park, between the administration building and Astotin Lake, near the west entrance to the park at Township Road 544 near Range Road 203. FAP has been operating this station and reporting data to the CASA data warehouse since January 2003. This station was designated a National Air Pollution Surveillance (NAPS) station in 2008.
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Fort Saskatchewan AQM Station
Primary Monitoring Objective: Monitor air quality where people live and to establish air quality compliance to the AAAQOs. With the longest operational history and data record in the FAP network, it is an important station for understanding historical trends. It is a designated NAPS station. For a complete list of monitoring objectives, see page 6.
Continuous Parameters Monitored: Ammonia, carbon monoxide, H2S, methane and non-methane hydrocarbons, NO/NOX/NO2, ozone, PM2.5,
SO2, wind speed and direction. The station also reports the Air Quality Health Index.
Site Description: This station is in the airshed’s largest population center (20,475 in 2012 census). It is located adjacent to a residential area of the City of Fort Saskatchewan near 92nd Street and 96th Avenue, 80 metres west of Highway 15, a major traffic artery, with an annual average daily traffic count of 16,813 vehicles per day in 2011. FAP has been operating this station and reporting data to the CASA data warehouse since January 2003. Data from this site goes back to 1993 in the CASA Data Warehouse.
Lamont County AQM Station
Primary Monitoring Objective: Understand impacts of multiple pollutant sources in the region, which may include sources from Alberta’s Industrial Heartland and from Strathcona industrial area, as well as from other sources in the City of Edmonton. This site was selected because modeling indicated that this elevated area of the region may experience higher concentrations of SO2. The Lamont County AQM Station is a station required by an industrial EPEA operating approval. For a complete list of monitoring objectives, see p a g e 6 .
Continuous Parameters Monitored: H2S, methane and non- methane hydrocarbons, NO/NOX/NO2, ozone, PM2.5, PM10, SO2, relative humidity, wind speed and direction. The site reports Air Quality Health Index. FAP has been operating this station and reporting data to the CASA data warehouse since January 2003.
Site description: This station is located in a rural area in a hay field, several kilometres away from industrial facilities and other large pollutant sources, approximately 6 km west of the town of Lamont. The station is on a hill (elevation 723 meters), 1.5 kilometres south of Highway 15, about 250 meters west of Range Road 202.
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Range Road 220 AQM Station
Primary Monitoring Objective: Monitor the impacts of local industrial emissions on air quality. For a complete list of monitoring objectives, see page 6.
Continuous Parameters Monitored: Ammonia, ethylene, methane and non-methane hydrocarbons,
NO/NOX/NO2, SO2, barometric
Site Description: This site was originally a fence line station, shared among several industrial approval holders but is now operated as a FAP regional station. It is located off of Range Road 220 in an open area along the facility fence line east of the Dow Chemical ethylene production facilities. FAP has been operating this station and reporting data to the CASA data warehouse since January 2003.
Redwater Industrial AQM Station
Primary Monitoring Objective: Monitor the impacts of local industrial emissions on air quality. The Redwater Industrial AQM Station is an EPEA compliance station. For a complete list of monitoring objectives, see page 6.
Continuous Parameters Monitored: Ammonia,
NO/NOX/NO2, PM2.5, SO2, ambient temperature at 2m and 10m, relative humidity, wind speed and direction.
Site Description: The station is located adjacent to the truck loading area along the western fence line of the Agrium Redwater Fertilizer Plant, adjacent to Highway 643. It is approximately twelve kilometres south of the community of Redwater, Alberta. FAP has been operating this station and reporting data to the CASA data warehouse since 2004.
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Ross Creek AQM Station
Primary Monitoring Objective: To monitor the impacts of local industrial emissions on air quality. For a complete list of monitoring objectives, see page 6.
Continuous Parameters Monitored: Ammonia, ethylene,
NO/NOX/NO2, SO2, barometric pressure, solar radiation, temperature at 2 metres and 10 metres, vertical wind speed, wind speed and direction.
Site Description: The station is located west of the Sherritt Fort Saskatchewan site, between the industrial facility and the City of Fort Saskatchewan. FAP has been operating this station and reporting data to the CASA data warehouse since January 2003.
Scotford 2 AQM Station
Primary Objective: To monitor the impacts of local industrial emissions on air quality. The Scotford 2 station is a fence line station, shared among four industrial Approval holders. For a complete list of monitoring objectives, see page 6.
Continuous Parameters Monitored: H2S, SO2, benzene, toluene, ethylbenzene, xylene (o-, m- and p- isomers), styrene, wind speed and direction, ambient temperature.
Site Description: The monitoring site is located to the east of industrial facilities, and to the south of the proposed BA Upgrader on Range Road 213, just south of Township Road 560. The station is located on an open area with a slightly undulating landscape. The monitoring station has been operating at this site since late December 2006.
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Appendix B: VOC Analyte List
Table 7: VOC analyte list from Alberta Innovates Laboratory
1,1,1-Trichloroethane Benzyl Chloride Methyl Butyl Ketone 1,1,2,2-Tetrachloroethane Bromodichloromethane Methyl Ethyl Ketone 1,1,2-Trichloroethane Bromoform Methyl Isobutyl Ketone 1,1-Dichloroethane Bromomethane Methyl Methacrylate 1,2,3-Trimethylbenzene Carbon Disulfide Methyl Tert Butyl Ether 1,2,4-Trichlorobenzene Carbon Tetrachloride Methylcyclohexane 1,2,4-Trimethylbenzene Chlorobenzene Methylcyclopentane 1,2-Dibromethane Chloroethane Methylene Chloride 1,2-Dichlorobenzene Chloroform m-Ethyltoluene 1,2-Dichloroethane Chloromethane m-Xylene 1,2-Dichloropropane Cis-1,2-Dichloroethene n-Butane 1,3,5-Trimethylbenzene Cis-1,3-Dichloropropene n-Decane 1,3-Butadiene Cis-2-Butene n-Dodecane 1,3-Dichlorobenzene Cis-2-Pentene n-Heptane 1,4-Dichlorobenzene Cyclohexane n-Hexane 1,4-Dioxane Cyclopentane n-Octane 1-Butene Dibromochloromethane Nonane 1-Hexene Ethane n-Pentane 1-Pentene Ethanol n-Propylbenzene 2,2,4-Trimethylpentane Ethyl Acetate n-Undecane 2,2-Dimethylbutane Ethylbenzene o-Ethyltoluene 2,3,4-Trimethylpentane Ethylene o-Xylene Propane Formaldehyde p-Dimethylbenzene Propylene Freon-11 p-Ethyltoluene p-Xylene Freon-113 Propane 2-Methylheptane Freon-114 Propylene 2-Methylhexane Freon-12 p-Xylene 2-Methylpentane Heptane Styrene 3-Methylheptane Hexachloro-1,3-Butadiene Tetrachloroethylene 3-Methylhexane Hexane Tetrahydrofuran 3-Methylpentane Isobutane Toluene 4-Ethyltoluene Isopentane Trans-1,2-Dichloroethene Acetaldehyde Isoprene Trans-1,3-Dichloropropene Acetone Isopropyl Alcohol Trans-2-Butene Acetylene Isopropylbenzene Trans-2-Pentene Acrolein m-Diethylbenzene Trichloroethylene Benzene Methanol Vinyl Acetate Vinyl Chloride
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Appendix C: Redundancy Consideration of Network Parameters
Following is a summary of analyzers across the network, the rankings of their value according to the assessment in the STi Report and a brief documentation of why they are at each station.
TABLE 8: Redundancy analysis from Network Assessment Report
Bruderheim Elk Fort Lamont Range Redwater Ross Scotford Pollutant Island Saskatchewan County Road Industrial Creek 2 220 SO2 3.8 5.7 3.8 4.0 5.5 1.3 6.4 5.5
NOx, NO, 4.5 2.5 3.8 4.8 1.5 4.0 NO2 NH3 3.0* 2.0 5.0 1.0 3.0 PM2.5 3.0 4.2 2.1 3.4 2.1 O3 3.0 2.8 2.0 2.2
CH4, NMHC, 1.5 2.3 2.0 THC H2S 1.0 3.0 2.0 Ethylene not rated Not rated BTEX/S not rated
*NH3 has already been removed at Bruderheim
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