Update on diets; What works, what doesn’t and what can be dangerous

Carrie Gardache MPH, RD, LDN, CDE Diets out there…..

• Vinegar and water diet (1820) • Scarsdale diet (1978) • The Fexitarian diet • The Graham diet (1830) • Cabbage soup diet (1990) • Volumetrics • Banting’s “low carbohydrate diet” • Weight Watchers (1863) • Eat Right 4 Your Type diet (1996) • Fletcherizing diet (1903) • Cheaters diet (2006) • MIND diet • Counting Calories (1918) Cotton ball diet (2013) • Ornish Diet • Cigarette diet (1925) • Detox diet • Dubrow Diet • Inuit meat and fat diet (1928) • Noom Diet • Caveman diet • Stoll diet aid (1930) • Carnivore diet • Atkins diet • Grapefruit diet (1930) • Optavia diet • Hallelujah diet • Hay diet (1930) • Dr. Gundy diet • Tapeworm diet (1954) • Hollywood diet • FODMAP diet • Zen macrobiotic diet (1960) • Mediterranean diet • The Shepherds diet • Sleeping beauty • Dash diet • Prolinn diet (1970s) What Works....

• Mediterranean Diet • DASH Diet • LESS CALORIES and MORE EXERCISE Mediterranean Rich in olive oil, legumes, unrefined cereals, fruit, and vegetables, low in meat and meat products, and with moderate contents of dairy products, fish and wine. The total fat in the diet is typically 25-35% of calories, with saturated fat ≤ 8%

DASH (Dietary Approach to Stop Hypertension) Aims at reducing one’s sodium intake. Overall reinforces a healthy eating plan. Main points: 8-10 servings of fruits and vegetables, 2-3 servings low fat dairy, 2400 mg Na/day, and lean meats What Doesn’t Work

• Diets that focus on only a few foods or food groups • “Detox” diets • Diets with “Miracle” foods or ingredients • Fasting and very low-calorie diets • Diets that sound too good to be true What Can Be Dangerous

• Fasting – Intermitting Fasting Diet • Keto Diet Keto Diet

Eat These Avoid These • Avocados • Milk • Cheese • Bread • Full-fat Greek Yogurt (small portions) • Pasta • Chicken and Turkey • Cereal • Fish and Shellfish • Beans • Pork and Beef (small portions) • Fruit (other than berries) • Nuts and Nut butters • Root Vegetables (carrot and • Sunflower and Pumpkin Seeds potatoes • Raspberries • Corn • Blackberies • Alcohol • Strawberries • Low carb vegetables • Unsweetened fortified almond milk • Olive, canola, avocado, and nut oils Recommendations to making it Work

• RD visit and have Body Comp test done • Assessment – consider log or track • Evaluate labs • Talk with patient about what they are willing to do • Follow up

References

• Ansel K, What you need to know about ketogenic diet Diabetes Forecast, 2019; 71-75. • Wolfram T, Staying away from fad diet Academy of Nutrition and Dietetics, 2017, January 2 • Zelman K, The worst diets ever: Diets that don’t work WebMD Weight Loss Clinic Foundation, 2009, October 9 • American Journal of Clinical Nutrition; 2013, 97: 505-16. Systematic review and meta-analysis of different dietary approaches to the management of type 2 Diabetes.