Forest Health Conditions in Ontario, 2009
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Forestorest Healthealth Conditions in OntaOntario, io, 2009 Forest Health Conditions in Ontario, 2009 Edited by: T.A. Scarr1, K.L. Ryall2, A. Piscopo1 and T.W. Straight1 1 Ontario Ministry of Natural Resources, Forest Management Branch, Forest Health & Silviculture Section 2 Natural Resources Canada, Canadian Forest Service, Great Lakes Forestry Centre, Sault Ste. Marie © 2011, Queen’s Printer for Ontario For more information on forest health in Ontario visit the Ontario Ministry of Natural Resources website: www.ontario.ca/foresthealth You can also visit the Canadian Forest Service website: www.glfc.cfs.nrcan.gc.ca Telephone inquiries can be directed to the Natural Resources Information Centre: 1-800-667-1940 Français: 1-800-667-1840 Email: [email protected] 52095 ISSN 1913-6164 (print) ISBN 978-1-4435-2525-1 (2009 ed., print) ISSN 1913-617X (online) ISBN 978-1-4435-2526-8 (2009 ed., pdf) Front Cover Photos: Circular photos top to bottom – Gypsy moth (P. Hodge), Greenstriped mapleworm (M. Francis), Jack pine budworm, Spruce budworm (M. Francis), Yellowheaded spruce sawfly and parsitic wasp (D. Rowlinson). Background: Scenic picture from Chapleau (D. Rowlinson). Banner: Tornado damage in Northwest Region (B. Smith). Forest Health Conditions in Ontario, 2009 DeDication This report is dedicated to Dr. Gordon M. Howse (retired), in recognition of his many years of unwavering contribution to forest pest management, and forest health monitoring and surveys in Ontario and Canada. Dr. Howse was born in Perth, Ontario in 1936. He received his B.Sc.F. from the University of New Brunswick in 1962, M.Sc. in entomology from the University of Maine in 1964 and a Ph.D. in forest entomology from Oregon State University in 1973. He joined the Canadian Forest Service in March, 1968 as a Research Officer with the Forest Insect and Disease Survey (FIDS) Unit at Great Lakes Forestry Centre (GLFC) in Sault Ste. Marie, Ontario, and was later promoted to Research Scientist after receiving his Ph.D. He was named Head, FIDS Unit, November 1, 1977. Dr. Howse was appointed adjunct professor of forest entomology, Faculty of Forestry, University of Toronto from 1984 to 1994 and adjunct professor of forest entomology at the University of Guelph in 1984 for two years. From 1987 to 1989, he supported the Ontario Ministry of Natural Resources by providing technical and scientific advice and information to OMNR's legal counsel, staff and witnesses, in presenting its case (MNR's) on the use of pest control products in forest management at the Timber Class Environmental Assessment hearings in Thunder Bay. In 1996, he was named Leader, Forest Health Monitoring Unit, CFS, GLFC. Dr. Howse acted as scientific advisor to numerous OMNR pest management programs. Until his retirement, Dr. Howse authored or co-authored 330 publications or reports including contributions to three books. Dr. Howse partially retired April 23, 2003 after 36 1/2 years of service with the CFS since 1960 but continued to work on special projects on a 30% paid basis. Currently, Dr. Howse has guest worker status at GLFC. Forest Health Conditions in Ontario, 2009 taBLe oF contentS DEDICATION 2009 ..........................................................................................................................................................III FOREST HEALTH CONDITIONS REPORT ....................................................................................................................III ACkNOwLEDGEMENTS ..................................................................................................................................................x Section 1 – Forest Health Monitoring in Ontario, 2009 PROGRAM OVERVIEw ....................................................................................................................................................1 Introduction ..............................................................................................................................................................1 Forest Health Monitoring .....................................................................................................................................2 2009 Forest Health Conditions Report .............................................................................................................2 2009 SUMMARY OF EVENTS .......................................................................................................................................3 weather events ........................................................................................................................................................3 Insect infestations ..................................................................................................................................................4 Foliar diseases ..........................................................................................................................................................5 Tree decline ...............................................................................................................................................................5 Invasive alien species surveys .............................................................................................................................5 Insect pest management programs ...................................................................................................................6 Forest Health Research Projects ........................................................................................................................6 iv Section 2 – Major Forest Disturbances FOREST INSECTS ..............................................................................................................................................................7 Large aspen tortrix, Choristoneura conflictana (wlk.) .................................................................................7 Spruce budworm, Choristoneura fumiferana (Clem.) ...................................................................................9 Jack pine budworm, Choristoneura pinus pinus Free. .................................................................................14 Jack pine budworm spray program ..................................................................................................................18 Jack pine budworm defoliation forecast for 2010 ......................................................................................21 Jack Pine Forest Health Assessments .............................................................................................................24 Bruce spanworm, Operophtera bruceata (Hlst.) ...........................................................................................26 Forest tent caterpillar, Malacasoma disstria Hbn. ......................................................................................28 Hickory leafroller, Pseudexentera cressoniana (Clem.) ..............................................................................30 FOREST ABIOTIC EVENTS .............................................................................................................................................31 Aspen decline .........................................................................................................................................................31 Tornados / blowdown ...........................................................................................................................................35 Hail Damage ...........................................................................................................................................................38 Section 3 – Invasive Species in Ontario’s Forests FOREST INSECTS ............................................................................................................................................................41 Pine false webworm, Acantholyda erythrocephala (L.)..............................................................................41 Emerald ash borer, Agrilus plannipennis Fairmaire ......................................................................................43 Larch casebearer, Coleophora laricella (Hbn.) .............................................................................................46 Birch casebearer, Coleophora serratella (L.), and lesser birch casebearer, C. comptoniella (McD.) ...................................................................................................................................46 Beech scale, Cryptococcus fagisuga Linding., and beech bark disease, Nectria faginata (Lohman, watson & Ayers) ...........................................................................................................................47 Introduced pine sawfly, Diprion similis (Htg.) ...............................................................................................47 Mimosa webworm, Homadaula anisocentra Meyr. .....................................................................................48 Satin moth, Leucoma salicis (L.)........................................................................................................................49 Gypsy moth, Lymantria dispar (L.) ...................................................................................................................50 Early birch leaf edgeminer, Messa nana (klug) ............................................................................................52