DOCSLIB.ORG

MODERN TURKISH STUDIES, NORMAN PATERSON SCHOOL of INTERNATIONAL AFFAIRS, CARLETON UNIVERSITY (In Collaboration with the Council of Turkish Canadians)

Total Page：16

File Type：pdf, Size：1020Kb

Download full-text PDF Read full-text
MODERN TURKISH STUDIES, NORMAN PATERSON SCHOOL of INTERNATIONAL AFFAIRS, CARLETON UNIVERSITY (In Collaboration with the Council of Turkish Canadians) MODERN TURKISH STUDIES, NORMAN PATERSON SCHOOL OF INTERNATIONAL AFFAIRS, CARLETON UNIVERSITY (In collaboration with the Council of Turkish Canadians) 2016 ANNUAL CONFERENCE “TURKEY-CANADA RELATIONS IN TROUBLED TIMES” 4-5 March 2016 4 March: Art Gallery, 1125 Colonel By Drive [tel: 613-520-2120] 5 March: Residence Commons, 1125 Colonel By Drive [tel: 613-520-6615] Free admission by registration RSVP by 29 February 2016 at https://2016-annual-conference.eventbrite.ca PROGRAM 4 March 2016, Art Gallery 18:00 – 18:30 Registration 18:30 – 20:30 Welcome Reception 5 March 2016, Residence Commons, Auditorium Ground Floor 9:00 – 9:30 Registration 9:30 – 10:30 Chris Kilford, Former Military Attaché, Canadian Embassy, Ankara: “Canada-Turkish relations in a dangerous world: Is ‘cruise-control’ good enough?” 10:30 – 11:00 Coffee 11:00 – 12:30 Panel I: Canada-Turkey Relations, Old and New Issues Lale Eskicioğlu, Ph.D. Student, Carleton University, “Turkish Lot - the Case of Lost Turks in Brantford, Ontario” Christopher Gunn, Coastal Carolina University, “Secret Armies and Revolutionary Federations: Armenian Political Violence in Ottawa in the 1980s” 12:30 – 13:30 Lunch 13:30 – 16:00 Panel II: Refugee Crisis: Turkey, Canada and Beyond Giray Sadık, Yıldırım Beyazıt University, “Refugee Crisis and Growing Transnational Challenges in Turkey and EU” Karim H. Karim, Carleton University, “The Role of Religious Literacy in Averting Violent Extremism” Rouba Al-Fattal, University of Ottawa (p/t), “Syrian Refugees in Canada” 16:00 End PRESENTERS Chris Kilford Chris Kilford (then Colonel Kilford) is the former Canadian Defence Attaché to Turkey. He retired from the Canadian Armed Forces in September 2014 after 36 years of military service. In 2009, he completed a Ph.D. in history at Queen’s University focused on civil- military relations in the post-colonial developing world. Today, Chris is a Fellow with the Centre for International and Defence Policy at Queen’s University. In addition, he teaches on-line Canadian foreign policy and international relations courses for the Canadian Forces College in Toronto. Lale Eskicioğlu Lale Eskicioğlu, an active member of the Turkish community of Canada, has a B.Sc. in Electrical Engineering and an M.A. in World Literatures and Cultures. In spite of a long background in the information technology, Lale’s passion lay in the Humanities. She is currently a Ph.D. student at Carleton University’s Institute for Comparative Studies in Literature, Art and Culture (ICSLAC). As a graduate student in Cultural Mediations in Literary Studies, her research interests include reception of satire in the Muslim world, diaspora studies and transnationalism. In addition to her TA duties, Lale is also a translator and a Turkish teacher. Christopher Gunn Christopher Gunn received his B.A. in Foreign Affairs from the University of Virginia, his M.A. in Political Science from the University of Rhode Island and his Ph.D. in History from Florida State University. He has spent nearly six years living and researching in Budapest, Istanbul, Ankara and Antalya. His current research interests include the Ottoman Empire and its borderlands, particularly the Balkans and Caucasus, the Empire’s successor states, transnational political violence and efforts towards reconciliation. Dr. Gunn’s recent publications include: “Getting Away with Murder: Soghomon Tehlirian, ASALA and the Justice Commandos, 1921-1984.” In War & Collapse: World War I and the Ottoman State, edited by Hakan Yavuz. Salt Lake City, UT: University of Utah Press (February 2016) and “The 1960 Coup in Turkey: A U.S. Intelligence Failure or a Successful Intervention?” Journal of Cold War Studies Vol. 17, No. 2 (Spring 2015): 103-139. / 1 Giray Sadık Giray Sadık earned his Ph.D. in Political Science from the University of Georgia (Georgia, USA) specializing in International Relations and Comparative Politics. Public opinion and foreign policy interaction, Transatlantic relations (NATO, EU-CFSP) and Turkish foreign policy are among his research interests. In addition to Dr. Sadık’s various international publications, his book American Image in Turkey: U.S. Foreign Policy Dimensions was published by Lexington Books, USA, 2009. After his return from Sweden, where he was a postdoctoral fellow in the Department of Global Political Studies at Malmö University; currently, he is a faculty member, vice chair and Erasmus coordinator in the Department of International Relations, Faculty of Political Science at Ankara Yıldırım Beyazıt University, Turkey. Karim H. Karim Karim H. Karim is Director of the Carleton Centre for the Study of Islam. He has previously served as director of the Institute of Ismaili Studies in London, UK and the School of Journalism and Communication of Carleton University. His recent publications are: Re- Imagining the Other: Culture, Media, and Western Muslim Intersections and Engaging the Other: Pubic Policy and Western-Muslim Intersections. Rouba Al-Fattal Rouba Al-Fattal is a part-time professor at the University of Ottawa, teaching Middle East and Arab Politics. She is a Founder & Policy Consultant of Impact Policy, which is a global policy consultancy providing analysis, advocacy and cross-cultural training to Canadians involved in the Arab world. She is a member of the Rotary Club of Ottawa, championing its Syrian Refugee Fund and leading her own #Canadian4refugees campaign. Al-Fattal has received a number of awards and prizes for her research and intercultural initiatives, and she authored numerous articles and books including Transatlantic Electoral Assistance in the Palestinian Territories and The EU Foreign Policy in the Palestinian Territories. .
Load more

Recommended publications
  • TCA 2017 Annual Report
    Annual Report 2017 1 Contents 2 Executive Summary 3 Financial Statement 4 Educating the Public 5 Investing in Youth and Education 13 Building Bridges 17 In the Community 19 Turkish American Legal Defense Fund 20 In Congress 2 Executive Summary Turkish Coalition of America (TCA) was founded in 2007 as an educational, charitable organization with a mission to: • Foster friendship, understanding, and cooperation between the United States and Turkey. • Expand Turkish American outreach to American public and private entities. • Promote and advance the interests of the Turkish American community and Turks. • Protect the character and ensure a realistic portrayal of Turkey and Turkish Americans in the media and the arts. • Identify and recognize the achievements of Turkish Americans in academia, arts, business, education, government, public service, and science. TCA’s work is undertaken by a professional team, interns, and volunteers from offices in Washington, DC. and Boston. TCA LEADERSHIP YALCIN AYASLI, Chairman G. LINCOLN MCCURDY, President TCA STAFF LIZ CLARK, Project Coordinator CAROL ANN JACKSON, Executive Assistant, Boston SEZAN MCDANIEL, Project Coordinator GULHAN OZKAN, Executive Assistant, Turkey LOUETTE RAGUSA, Executive Assistant, Washington, DC DAVID SALTZMAN, Counsel Turkish Coalition of America Washington, DC Boston www.tc-america.org 1510 H St., NW, Ste. 900 48 Jonas Brown Cir. www.facebook.com/TurkishCoalition Washington, DC 20005 Concord, MA 01742 www.twitter.com/TCAmerica Phone: 202-370-1399 Phone: 978-318-0047 Fax: 202-370-1398 Fax: 978-318-0037 3 Financial Statement Turkish Coalition of America invested a total of $1,619,647 in 2017 to pursue its mission and implement its programs.
    [Show full text]
  • How Does Political Hate Speech Fuel Hate Crimes in Turkey?
    IJCJ&SD 9(4) 2020 ISSN 2202-8005 Planting Hate Speech to Harvest Hatred: How Does Political Hate Speech Fuel Hate Crimes in Turkey? Barbara Perry University of Ontario Institute of Technology, Canada Davut Akca University of Saskatchewan, Canada Fatih Karakus University of Ontario Institute of Technology, Canada Mehmet F Bastug Lakehead University, Canada Abstract Hate crimes against dissident groups are on the rise in Turkey, and political hate speech might have a triggering effect on this trend. In this study, the relationship between political hate speech against the Gulen Movement and the hate crimes perpetrated by ordinary people was examined through semi-structured interviews and surveys with victims. The findings suggest that a rise in political hate rhetoric targeting a given group might result in a corresponding rise in hate crimes committed against them, the effects of which have been largely overlooked in the current literature in the evolving Turkish context. Keywords Political hate speech; hate crimes; doing difference; group libel. Please cite this article as: Perry B, Akca D, Karakus F and Bastug MF (2020) Planting hate speech to harvest hatred: How does political hate speech fuel hate crimes in Turkey? International Journal for Crime, Justice and Social Democracy. 9(4): 195-211. https://doi.org/10.5204/ijcjsd.v9i4.1514 Except where otherwise noted, content in this journal is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International Licence. As an open access journal, articles are free to use with proper attribution. ISSN: 2202-8005 © The Author(s) 2020 Barbara Perry, Davut Akca, Fatih Karakus, Mehmet F Bastug: Planting Hate Speech to Harvest Hatred Introduction Hate speech used by some politicians against certain ethnic, religious, or political groups has in recent years become part of an increasing number of political campaigns and rhetoric (Amnesty International 2017).
    [Show full text]
  • Toward a Conceptual Framework for Mixed-Method Evaluation Designs
    A CROSS-NATIONAL STUDY OF THE RELATIONSHIPS AMONG THE RISK FACTORS FOR RADICALIZATION: PERCEIVED ISLAMOPHOBIA, IDENTITY CRISIS, AND POOR INTEGRATION by MEHMET FATIH BASTUG A Dissertation submitted to the Graduate School-Newark Rutgers, The State University of New Jersey in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of Doctor of Philosophy Graduate Program in Global Affairs written under the direction of Dr. Norman Samuels and approved by Dr. Leslie Kennedy Dr. Mercer Sullivan Dr. Murat Ozer Newark, New Jersey May, 2016 2016 Mehmet Fatih Bastug ALL RIGHTS RESERVED ABSTRACT OF THE DISSERTATION A Cross-national Study of the Relationships among the Risk Factors for Radicalization: Perceived Islamophobia, Identity Crisis, and Poor Integration By MEHMET FATIH BASTUG Dissertation Director: Dr. Norman Samuels Existing literature on radicalization leading to violent extremism covers a wide range of issues and areas of concern, including theories and models of radicalization and the radicalization process, as well as triggers, catalysts, and risk factors for the emergence of radicalization. Scholars have identified various risk factors that influence the likelihood of violent radicalization. However, a review of literature on radicalization reveals that there is a lack of thorough analysis of how major risk factors relate to each other. The purpose of this study was to investigate the relationships between major risk factors for radicalization by combining them in a single model. Three risk factors were selected for this study: perceived Islamophobia, poor integration, and identity crisis. These risk factors are critical for understanding the early stages of the radicalization process of Muslim individuals who live in Western societies.
    [Show full text]
  • Blanshay, Linda Sema (2001) the Nationalisation of Ethnicity: a Study of the Proliferation of National Mono-Ethnocultural Umbrella Organisations in Canada
    Blanshay, Linda Sema (2001) The nationalisation of ethnicity: a study of the proliferation of national mono-ethnocultural umbrella organisations in Canada. PhD thesis http://theses.gla.ac.uk/3529/ Copyright and moral rights for this thesis are retained by the author A copy can be downloaded for personal non-commercial research or study, without prior permission or charge This thesis cannot be reproduced or quoted extensively from without first obtaining permission in writing from the Author The content must not be changed in any way or sold commercially in any format or medium without the formal permission of the Author When referring to this work, full bibliographic details including the author, title, awarding institution and date of the thesis must be given. Glasgow Theses Service http://theses.gla.ac.uk/ [email protected] THE NATIONALISATION OF ETHNICITY: A STUDY OF THE PROLIFERATION OF NATIONAL MONO­ ETHNOCULTURAL UMBRELLA ORGANISATIONS IN CANADA Linda Serna Blanshay Ph.D. University of Glasgow Department of Sociology and Anthropology January, 2001. © Linda SemaBlanshay, 2001 ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS lowe heartfelt thanks to many people. My Ph.D experience was made profoundly rewarding because of the support offered by participants in the study, my colleagues, and my family and friends. At the end of the day, it is their generosity of spirit that remains with me and has enriched this fascinating academic journey. There are some specific mentions of gratitude that I must make. Thanks to the Rotary Foundation, for first shipping me out to Glasgow as I requested on my application. The Rotary program emphasized 'service above self which is an important and appropriate theme in which to depart on sociological work ofthis kind.
    [Show full text]
  • Responses to Information Requests - Immigration and Refugee Board of Canada
    1/7/2021 Responses to Information Requests - Immigration and Refugee Board of Canada Home Country of Origin Information Responses to Information Requests Responses to Information Requests Responses to Information Requests (RIR) are research reports on country conditions. They are requested by IRB decision makers. The database contains a seven-year archive of English and French RIR. Earlier RIR may be found on the European Country of Origin Information Network website . Please note that some RIR have attachments which are not electronically accessible here. To obtain a copy of an attachment, please e-mail us. Related Links Advanced search help 6 January 2020 TUR106389.E Turkey: The Hizmet movement, also known as the Gülen movement, including situation and treatment of followers or perceived followers; how members of the Hizmet movement are identified, including how persons or organizations might be perceived as belonging to the movement (July 2018-December 2019) Research Directorate, Immigration and Refugee Board of Canada 1. Foundation and Core Beliefs/Overview Sources indicate that the Fethullah Gülen movement is called Hizmet, which means "service" in Turkish (CBC 21 July 2016; DW 6 Apr. 2018). It can also be referred to as the cemaat (Watmough and Öztürk 4 May 2018, 39; The Atlantic 18 July 2016), or "community" (The Atlantic 18 July 2016). Fethullah Gülen is a Turkish Islamic cleric who has been living in "self-imposed exile" in the US since 1999 (CBC 21 July 2016; DW 6 Apr. 2018). In correspondence with the Research Directorate,
    [Show full text]
  • Senses of Belonging and Identity Within North American Turkish Diaspora in the Post-9/11 Era
    American Journal of Qualitative Research June 2020, Vol.4 No. 1, pp. 1-15 https://doi.org/10.29333/ajqr/7841 © 2020 AJQR. http://www.ajqr.org ISSN: 2576-2141 Senses of Belonging and Identity within North American Turkish Diaspora in the post-9/11 Era Mehmet F. Bastug1 Lakehead University ABSTRACT The Turkish diaspora is growing rapidly in North America. Despite the vast number of studies investigated social integration and the identity construction of Turkish immigrants in European countries, Turkish communities in the United States and Canada attracted lesser attention in the academic literature. This paper seeks to understand the identity formation and acculturation attitudes of Turks and their perceptions of rejection and acceptance from their respective societies in a post 9/11 context through interviews with Turkish opinion/community leaders living in the United States and Canada. KEYWORDS: Acculturation, Identity Formation, Islamophobia, Turkish Diaspora, Turkish- Americans, Turkish-Canadians. Introduction Research shows that perceived group-based rejection has an influence on the identity formation of minorities (Kunst, Tajamal, Ulleberg, & Sam, 2012; Matrinovic & Verkuyten, 2012; Verkuyten & Yildiz, 2007). Various forms of religious stigma may trigger a religious identity threat, and in order to cope with such an identity threat, stigmatized groups are more likely to decrease their identification with their host nation (Kunst et al., 2012). Verkuyten and Yildiz (2007) found that perceived group rejection was associated with decreased national identification and increased religious identification among Turkish-Dutch Muslim participants. In a similar vein, Matrinovic and Verkuyten (2012) found a positive relationship between perceived discrimination and religious identification in a sample of Turkish Muslims from Germany and the Netherlands.
    [Show full text]
  • Contents of Back Issues
    107 Contents of Back Issues Volume 2, Number 1 L. White. Overgeneralization of the English dative alternation by children. E. Guilfoyle. The acquisition of Tense and the emergence of lexical subjects in child grammars of English. S. Patnaik. Some syllable-based phenomena in Oriya: A non-linear approach. J.-F. Prunet & C. Tellier. Interaction des niveaux en phonologie: l'abregement vocalique en pulaar. I. B. G. Mackenzie & I. A Mel'cuk, English constructions of the type "French-built widgets". L. Cohen, C. Liao, & A R. Libert. Language use among Turkish-Canadians in Montreal. M. French. Markedness and the acquisition of pied-piping and preposition stranding. I. Mazurkewich et al. A new look at language attitudes in Montreal. Volume 2, Number 2 A. Bailin & A. Grafstein. Configurationality and the Theta-Criterion. D. Rodier. An historical analysis of modals from Old English to Modem English. J.-F. Prunet. Nasalisation and word-syntax. A L. Baruzzi. Effects of degree of education on the comprehension of syntactic structures in normals and aphasics. T. Maniakas. Some sociolinguistic features of Modem Greek as spoken in Montreal. A-M. Grignon. On the structure of the Japanese rime. M. Picard. On relative chronology and natural sound change. Volume 3, Number 1 L. White. Island effects in second language acquisition. C. Tellier. On the tone pattern of Sino-Japanese compounds. D. Rodier. Compensatory lengthening versus gemination in Ancient Greek. E. Guilfoyle. Modals, prepositions, and inherent Case marking in Irish. Z. Laubitz. Children's use of conjunctions as a textual marker. M. Gopnik. A featureless grammar: A case study. L.
    [Show full text]
  • TCA 2014 ANNUAL REPORT Financial Statement
    2014 Annual Report Support TCA The Turkish Coalition of America is a U.S. tax exempt public charitable organization and your contributions are US tax deductible. TCA is supported entirely by private donations. Checks can be mailed to: Turkish Coalition of America, 1510 H St. NW Suite 900, Washington, DC 20005. Contents 4 Executive Summary 5 Financial Statement 6 Educating the Public 7 Investing in Youth and Education 14 Building Bridges 23 In the Community 24 In Congress 3 Executive Summary Turkish Coalition of America (TCA) was founded in 2007 as an educational, charitable organization with a mission to: • Foster friendship, understanding, and cooperation between the United States and Turkey. • Expand Turkish American outreach to American public and private entities. • Promote and advance the interests of the Turkish American community and Turks. • Protect the character and ensure a realistic portrayal of Turkey and Turkish Americans in the media and the arts. • Identify and recognize the achievements of Turkish Americans in academia, arts, business, education, government, public service, and science. TCA’s work is undertaken by a professional team, interns, and volunteers from offices in Boston, Washington, DC, and Istanbul. TCA LEADERSHIP YALCIN AYASLI, Chairman G. LINCOLN MCCURDY, President GULER KOKNAR, Vice President BASAK KIZILDEMIR, Vice President, Turkey Representative TCA STAFF JOELLEN BYRNES, Project Manager LIZ CLARK, Project Coordinator KATE COSTELLO, Project Coordinator CAROL ANN JACKSON, Executive Assistant, Boston GULHAN
    [Show full text]
  • 'Turkish Passport': a Holocaust Story with a Happy
    ‘Turkish Passport’: A Holocaust story with a happy ending/ Turkey Rising Internationally Notes for Hon. David Kilgour Main library amphitheatre Ottawa 16 May 2012 The excellent film we just saw, sponsored by the Intercultural Dialogue Institute and Dr. Yavuz Zeybek, recalls how diplomats posted to Turkish embassies and consulates in a number of European countries saved hundreds of Jewish lives during the Holocaust. It makes us all proud to be Turkish, Turkish-Canadians or Canadian friends of Turkey. Permit me as a Canadian born during one of the years when these heroic acts were taking place to congratulate and thank, albeit seven decades late, each and every Turkish diplomat, or more realistically their families, actively involved with saving Jewish lives. One of Hitler’s intended victims in Poland, where his agents murdered approximately three million Jewish civilians, was Dr Truda Rosenberg, who will speak in a few moments. Dr Rosenberg lived with her family in Lwo’w (today Lviv and part of Ukraine), which was invaded as part of Poland, first by Stalin, then by Hitler, and later by Stalin again. The Yale history professor Timothy Snyder’s 2010 book, Bloodlands, about middle Europe from central Poland to western Russia, details how approximately 14 million civilians, mostly women, children and the aged, were murdered by this hideous pair in seven targeted countries. Snyder has noted that the most dangerous place of all to be a disfavoured person was in Lwo’w. Dr Rosenberg was saved by multiple acts of great courage by others and herself in both Poland and Germany during five terrifying years.
    [Show full text]
  • Download Download
    Dialectics of Humanitarian Immigration and National Identity in Canadian Public Discourse Harald Bauder Abstract tastrophes naturelles comme méritants, les médias cons- Humanitarian immigration is an important element in truisent une identité du Canada comme compatissante. the construction of Canada’s identity as a liberal and com- Les criminels de guerre, les défenseurs des crimes de passionate country. Drawing on Hegelian dialectics, a dis- haine, et les contrevenants violents ne sont pris en compte course analysis of newspaper articles published between que de façon limitée dans cette dialectique. 1996 and 2001 examines processes of national identity for- mation through humanitarian immigration in the media. My interpretation of this discourse suggests that Canada’s Introduction national identity is constructed on the basis of material in- Humanitarian immigration is, next to economic and fam- equalities through negation and sublation of refugees. By ily-oriented immigration, one of three pillars of Canadian representing refugees who experience gender violence, chil- immigration policy. Although refugees constituted only 13.6 per cent of all immigration to Canada in 2005,1 the dren, and victims of natural disaster as deserving, the media significance of this category lies in its ethical and political construes an identity of Canada as compassionate. War value. Through humanitarian immigration and refugee ad- criminals, supporters of hate crimes, and violent offenders mission, Canada fulfills its commitment to humanitarian- areinvolvedonlytoalimiteddegreeinthisdialectic. ism and constructs a self-image as a liberal and com- passionate nation.2 In this paper I examine media discourse of humanitarian Résumé immigration. My analysis focuses on newspaper articles L’immigration à titre humanitaire est un élément impor- published in five major Canadian newspapers during a tant dans la construction de l’identité du Canada en tant period when Canadian immigration reform was hotly de- que pays libéral et compatissant.
    [Show full text]
  • TCA 2019 Annual Report 3 Financial Statement
    2019 ANNUAL REPORT 2 1 Contents 2 Executive Summary 3 Financial Statement 4 Educating the Public 5 Investing in Youth and Education 14 Building Bridges 19 In the Community 22 Turkish American Legal Defense Fund 23 In Congress 2 1 Executive Summary Turkish Coalition of America (TCA) was founded in 2007 as an educational, charitable organization with a mission to: • Foster friendship, understanding, and cooperation between the United States and Turkey. • Expand Turkish American outreach to American public and private entities. • Promote and advance the interests of the Turkish American community and Turks. • Protect the character and ensure a realistic portrayal of Turkey and Turkish Americans in the media and the arts. • Identify and recognize the achievements of Turkish Americans in academia, arts, business, education, government, public service, and science. TCA’s work is undertaken by a professional team and interns from offices in Washington, DC and Boston. TCA Leadership DR.YALCIN AyaSLI, Chairman G. LINCOLN MCCURdy, President TCA Staff DR. NILSU GOREN, Program Director LOUETTE RAGUSA, Operations Director DAVID SALTZMAN, Legal Counsel CAROL ANN JACKSON, Executive Assistant, Boston LAWRENCE CENK LAWS, Program Coordinator ARDA CANKAT, Program Coordinator Turkish Coalition of America Washington, DC Boston www.tc-america.org 1510 H St., NW, Ste. 900 48 Jonas Brown Cir. www.facebook.com/TurkishCoalition Washington, DC 20005 Concord, MA 01742 www.twitter.com/TCAmerica Phone: 202-370-1399 Phone: 978-318-0047 Fax: 202-370-1398 Fax: 978-318-0037 2 TCA 2019 Annual Report 3 Financial Statement Turkish Coalition of America invested a total of $2,204,006 in 2019 to pursue its mission and implement its programs.
    [Show full text]
  • WHAT IS in a NAME?: SUBTLE JEOPARDIES TURKISH IMMIGRANTS EXPERIENCE By: Dr. Aysan Sev'er, Professor of Sociology, University O
    WHAT IS IN A NAME?: SUBTLE JEOPARDIES TURKISH IMMIGRANTS EXPERIENCE by: Dr. Aysan Sev’er, Professor of Sociology, University of Toronto The literature on race and ethnic relationships is voluminous, especially in the U.S. where such relationships have been studied as potential problems to the melting pot ideology the U.S. holds dear. In Canada, whether we ascribe to the ideology of multiculturalism, or rally under the more recent emphasis on diversities, cultural variations appear to be a celebrated aspect of the Canadian mosaic. Indeed, well-meaning studies, task-forces, reports and policies on immigration and racial and ethnic minorities abound. Unlike the political nicities, the sociological literature on these domains sufficiently highlight the conflictual dimensions in these relationships. Social ills in terms of attitudes (prejudice, ethnocentrism, racism and antisemitism are examples) or behaviour (such as discrimination, racially motivated riots, and at the extreme, lynchings, ethnic cleansing and holocaust) fill many scholarly as well as mass-consumption books and journals. The students of racial and ethnic relations are also familiar with the more hidden, but just as insidious forms of ethnic or racial-based discrimination, the over-policing of the racial minority enclaves, the negative biases in all aspects of the criminal justice system ranging from higher rates of criminal charges, to the higher rates of incarceration. Often, there are articles in the daily news about the negative experiences of people with substantially different skin colour than what can pass as white, whether the deviation is yellowish, reddish, brown or black Despite the Canadian ideology and expressed political resolve to honour the existing diversity in our midst, despite the well-meaning rhetoric on equality and equity in everyday life and under the law, the fact remains that the visible characteristics such as facial features, and especially skin colour often accompany increased hardships for the members of countless visible minorities.
    [Show full text]