Principal Technical Characteristics of U.S. Marine Corps Communication-Electronics Equipment
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A Comparison of Some Existing Radios with Implications for Public Safety Interoperability
Chameleonic Radio Technical Memo No. 4 A Comparison of Some Existing Radios with Implications for Public Safety Interoperability S.W. Ellingson June 1, 2006 Bradley Dept. of Electrical & Computer Engineering Virginia Polytechnic Institute & State University Blacksburg, VA 24061 Contents 1 Introduction 1 2 Methodology 1 3 Findings 2 4 Concluding Remarks 3 A Summary of Radio Speci¯cations 5 B Brochures 7 ii 1 Introduction Presently, public safety communications infrastructure in the U.S. consists of a dis- parate collection of radio technologies operating over a wide range of frequencies and using a variety of incompatible protocols [1]. This situation impairs interoperability between public safety agencies, which is particularly apparent during periods of crisis. One possible approach to mitigating this di±culty is to employ mobile radios that are capable of operating over multiple frequency bands and protocols (modes), as opposed to being limited to one frequency range and one protocol [2]. However, this problem is not unique to the public safety community. A simi- lar problem has arisen in military radio communications, which has led to the de- velopment of military radios with multiband/multimode capabilities [3]. Also, for somewhat di®erent reasons, multiband/multimode mobile radios are prevalent in the amateur radio community. Therefore, there may be something to be learned by com- paring the characteristics of these existing multiband/multimode radios to existing public safety mobile radios. This report is a ¯rst attempt. 2 Methodology The summary of this brief, informal study is reported in the form of a table in Ap- pendix A. Ten radios were selected, including 6 from the public safety market, 3 from the military market, and 1 from the amateur radio market. -
Ky-57 Vinson
KY-57 VINSON Homepage Crypto KY-57 (VINSON) Index Voice encryption unit Enigma The KY-57 was a wide-band voice encryption unit that was developed in the USA during the 1970s as a replacement of the NESTOR cryptographic products, such as the KY-38. It was suitable for use with a Hagelin wide range of military radios and telehone lines. As part of the VINSON family of devices, it was the main Fialka crypto 'workhorse' of the US Army during the 1980s. Even today, many radios and voice encryption devices are still backwards compatible with the KY-57, that is also known as the TSEC/KY-57. The Siemens airborne version of the KY-57 is called the KY-58. Philips The KY-57 uses the NSA-developed Type-1 KY-57 voice encryption unit Nema SAVILLE cryptographic algorithm. When used in combination with a radio transceiver, such as the Racal SINCGARS non-ICOM RT-1439/VRC, the KY-57 STK allows signal fades or losses for up to 12 seconds without losing synchronization. Transvertex The KY-57 was eventually superceeded by the KY- Gretag 99 that offered newer - more advanced - Telsy cryptographic algorithms, but that was still backwards compatible with the KY-57. Later Tadiran SINCGARS ICOM radios, such as the RT-1523, had built-in KY-57 (VINSON) compatibility. USA USSR Both voice and data can be encrypted with the KY-57. Voice data is digitized using Continuous Variable Slope Delta modulation (CVSD), similar to other voice crypto systems of the same era, such as the UK Philips Spendex-10 , the Spendex 50 and the Telsy TS-500. -
KY-58 (Vinson)
KY-58 (Vinson) The KY-57/58 is a member of the VINSON family. The VINSON family consists of wideband secure voice (WBSV) units developed by the National Security Agency to provide line of sight half-duplex voice and data encryption at 16 Kbps. The KY-57/58 provides security for AM/FM, VHF, UHF, half-duplex PTT combat net radios and tactical wireline systems when used with the HYX-57. Also used by non-tactical users for high-level communications in the local wideband telephone networks and wideband satellite terminals. The KY-57 is the manpack/vehicular model and the KY-58 is the airborne/shipborne version. The KY-57/58 is certified to pass data up to TOP SECRET and accepts key from the family of Common Fill Devices and also incorporates remote keying. KY-57/58 production was completed in 1993. No further production is planned. KY-58 photo by Tim Tyler Tim Tyler comments."The photo above depicts the KY-58 unit inside a USCG HH-65C 'Dolphin' helicopter taken in September 2008. It is currently configured just for use on their 225-400MHz aircraft band radio. Supposedly, they're in the process of upgrading the HH-65 helos into an MH-65 (Special Ops capable) configuration which will have APCO P-25 compliant radios (with AES crypto, for talking to other DHS agencies) as well as ANDVT / KY-100 type crypto for communicating with the military-side of USCG ops". The photo above depicts a KY-58 RCU installation in an A-10 attack aircraft. -
A History of U.S. Communications Security (U)
A HISTORY OF U.S. COMMUNICATIONS SECURITY (U) THE DAVID G. BOAK LECTURES VOLUME II NATIONAL SECURITY AGENCY FORT GEORGE G. MEADE, MARYLAND 20755 The information contained in this publication will not be disclosed to foreign nationals or their representatives without express approval of the DIRECTOR, NATIONAL SECURITY AGENCY. Approval shall refer specifically to this publication or to specific information contained herein. JULY 1981 CLASSIFIED BY NSA/CSSM 123-2 REVIEW ON 1 JULY 2001 NOT RELEASABLE TO FOREI6N NATIONALS SECRET HA~mLE YIA COMINT CIIA~HJELS O~JLY ORIGINAL (Reverse Blank) ---------- • UNCLASSIFIED • TABLE OF CONTENTS SUBJECT PAGE NO INTRODUCTION _______ - ____ - __ -- ___ -- __ -- ___ -- __ -- ___ -- __ -- __ --- __ - - _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ iii • POSTSCRIPT ON SURPRISE _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ I OPSEC--------------------------------------------------------------------------- 3 ORGANIZATIONAL DYNAMICS ___ -------- --- ___ ---- _______________ ---- _ --- _ ----- _ 7 THREAT IN ASCENDANCY _________________________________ - ___ - - _ -- - _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 9 • LPI _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ I I SARK-SOME CAUTIONARY HISTORY __ --- _____________ ---- ________ --- ____ ----- _ _ 13 THE CRYPTO-IGNITION KEY __________ --- __ -- _________ - ---- ___ -- ___ - ____ - __ -- _ _ _ 15 • PCSM _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ -
11 =�O U��U = � � � 0 • -· T �� :» �� • Z:! T1 • (11 ;! -- FOREWORD
� 0 0. 0. � :» .-4 = � (11 =�o u��u = � � � 0 • -· t �� :» �� • z:! t1 • (11 ;! -- FOREWORD This manual is designed to provide the user with easy reference and quick response to Fleet problems by detailing information on Fleet support services and technical assistance capabilities available from SPAWAR. The initial points of contact for SPAWAR supported equipment problems on the waterfront and for shipyard related issues are the Fleet Liaison Officers. Points of contact are provided for all areas discussed. The Fleet Liaison Program interface is to provide "on call" support necessary to assist users in meeting tqeir operational requirements. A. EDWARDS Deputy /Assistant Commander Technical Management i L .. TABLE OF CONTENTS SPAWAR DIRECT FLEET SUPPORT Fleet Liaison Program .................... ........ ..I CSRR (Combat Systems Readiness Review) ...... ...... 3 CSRT (Combat Systems Readiness Test) ...............4 5 CSDE (Combat Systems Demonstration Evaluation) .... Field Change Program (FCIP) .................. ....6 SSEOC (Surface Ship Engineered Operating Cycle) .... 7 SPAW4R ACTIVITIES AND NEEACTS (Addresses, Commanding Officers, Officers in Charge, and Fleet Liaison Officers) NAVELEXSYSENGACT St. Inigoes ....... ..... .... .... ...9 NAVELEXSYSENGACT DET Philadelphia ..... .... ...... .. 9 NAVELEXCEN Charleston .............................. 9 NAVELEXCEN Portsmouth .... ....... .... ..... .....10 NAVELEXCEN San Diego....... .......................10 NAVELEXCEN Vallejo...... ..........................11 NAVELEXCEN DET Mayport . ............ -
Provides for the Procurement of Secure Communications Equipment to Navy Ships, Shore Sites, Aircraft, Marine Corps, and United States Coast Guard
UNCLASSIFIED BUDGET ITEM JUSTIFICATION SHEET DATE May 2009 APPROPRIATION/BUDGET ACTIVITY P-1 ITEM NOMENCLATURE SUBHEAD OP,N - BA2 COMMUNICATIONS & ELECTRONIC EQUIPMENT 3415 Information Systems Security Program (ISSP) 52DA FY 2008 FY 2009 FY 2010 FY 2011 FY 2012 FY 2013 FY2014 FY2015 TO COMP TOTAL QUANTITY COST (in millions) 121.319 100.855 119.054 Continuing Continuing Spares 0.442 0.425 0.319 PROGRAM COVERAGE: The Information Systems Security Program (ISSP) provides for the procurement of secure communications equipment to Navy ships, shore sites, aircraft, Marine Corps, and United States Coast Guard. ISSP protects information systems from unauthorized access or modification of information, and against the denial of service to authorized users or provision of service to unauthorized users. Information Assurance (IA) is a layered protection strategy, using Commercial Off-The-Shelf (COTS) and Government Off-The-Shelf (GOTS) hardware and software products that collectively provide an effective Network Security Infrastructure (multiple level security mechanisms and ability to detect and react to intrusions). IA is critical in protecting our ability to wage Network Centric Warfare (NCW). The following ISSP specific efforts will be funded under this program: SECURE VOICE: The Secure Voice program procures equipment that provides secure voice communication capabilities. Equipment to be procured in FY10-FY11 includes various secure voice strategic/tactical products (VINSON/Advanced Narrowband and Digital Voice Terminal (VACM), KSV-21, Next Generation Internet Protocol Phones (Next Gen IP Phones), Call Manager, Internet Protocol Tactical Shore Gateway (IP TSG), Navy Certificate Validation Infrastructure (NCVI) cards, and Secure Communication Interoperability Protocol (SCIP) Inter-Working Function (IWF). -
Unclassified Unclassified
UNCLASSIFIED Exhibit P-40, Budget Line Item Justification: PB 2019 Air Force Date: February 2018 Appropriation / Budget Activity / Budget Sub Activity: P-1 Line Item Number / Title: 3080F: Other Procurement, Air Force / BA 03: Electronics and Telecommunications 831010 / Comsec Equipment Equip / BSA 1: Comm Security Equipment(Comsec) ID Code (A=Service Ready, B=Not Service Ready): A Program Elements for Code B Items: 0207448F Other Related Program Elements: N/A Line Item MDAP/MAIS Code: N/A Prior FY 2019 FY 2019 FY 2019 To Resource Summary Years FY 2017 FY 2018 Base OCO Total FY 2020 FY 2021 FY 2022 FY 2023 Complete Total Procurement Quantity (Units in Each) - - - - - - - - - - - - Gross/Weapon System Cost ($ in Millions) - 81.738 115.000 114.372 0.000 114.372 97.661 93.321 115.248 117.299 - 734.639 Less PY Advance Procurement ($ in Millions) - - - - - - - - - - - - Net Procurement (P-1) ($ in Millions) - 81.738 115.000 114.372 0.000 114.372 97.661 93.321 115.248 117.299 - 734.639 Plus CY Advance Procurement ($ in Millions) - - - - - - - - - - - - Total Obligation Authority ($ in Millions) - 81.738 115.000 114.372 0.000 114.372 97.661 93.321 115.248 117.299 - 734.639 (The following Resource Summary rows are for informational purposes only. The corresponding budget requests are documented elsewhere.) Initial Spares ($ in Millions) - - - - - - - - - - - - Flyaway Unit Cost ($ in Millions) - - - - - - - - - - - - Gross/Weapon System Unit Cost ($ in Millions) - - - - - - - - - - - - Description: PE 0208064F AIR FORCE Operational HQ-Cyber/Cyberspace Command and Control Mission System (C3MS) Provides the AFCYBER Commander with the tools necessary to effectively and efficiently plan, monitor, and execute missions in the cyber domain. -
Electronics Technician Vol 3
NONRESIDENT TRAINING COURSE July 1997 Electronics Technician Volume 3—Communications Systems NAVEDTRA 14088 DISTRIBUTION STATEMENT A: Approved for public release; distribution is unlimited. Although the words “he,” “him,” and “his” are used sparingly in this course to enhance communication, they are not intended to be gender driven or to affront or discriminate against anyone. DISTRIBUTION STATEMENT A: Approved for public release; distribution is unlimited. PREFACE By enrolling in this self-study course, you have demonstrated a desire to improve yourself and the Navy. Remember, however, this self-study course is only one part of the total Navy training program. Practical experience, schools, selected reading, and your desire to succeed are also necessary to successfully round out a fully meaningful training program. COURSE OVERVIEW: After completing this course, you should be able to: recall the basic principle and the basic equipment used for rf communications; recognize frequency bands assigned to the Navy microwave communications, the single audio system (SAS), and the basics of the Navy tactical data system. Analyze the operation of the Navy’s teletypewriter and facsimile system, the basics of the TEMPEST program, and the basic portable and pack radio equipment used by the Navy. Identify basic satellite communications fundamentals, fleet SATCOM subsystem, shore terminals, and basic SATCOM equipment and racks. Identify the composition of the Link-11 system, and problems in Link-11 communications. Recognize the functions of the Link 4-A systems, new technology in data communications, and local-area networks. THE COURSE: This self-study course is organized into subject matter areas, each containing learning objectives to help you determine what you should learn along with text and illustrations to help you understand the information. -
AN/PRC-117F(C) Multiband Multimission Radio Applications
assuredcommunications ® AN/PRC-117F(C) MULTIBAND MULTIMISSION RADIO APPLICATIONS HANDBOOK ® 1 AN/PRC-117F(C) Multiband Radio Introduction For missions requiring reliable, interoperable communications, Harris has developed the FALCON® II AN/PRC-117F(C), the most advanced multiband, multimode manpack radio in the world… period. The AN/PRC-117F(C) integrates the capabilities of several distinct radios into one: VHF-LO FM for combat net radio, VHF-HI AM for public safety and ground-to-air, UHF-AM for military ground-to-air and UHF TACSAT communications. This radio also utilizes the latest technology to embed many advanced features, such as SINCGARS, HAVEQUICK, and DAMA, as well as Type-I encryption. With integrated crypto functions, including black-key management and Crypto Ignition Key (CIK), the AN/PRC-117F(C) is a complete communications package allowing interoperability with all military services in secure and non-secure communications. And being a software-defined radio helps make the FALCON II radios future-proof. As new technology and waveforms are developed, you can upgrade your FALCON II systems to be compatible with future radios such as the Joint Tactical Radio System (JTRS) radios…and they will remain compatible with your radios currently in the field. The AN/PRC-117F(C) manpack can be packaged for vehicular, transit case, or base station applications, and we offer a number of accessories and antennas to complete your system. This Applications Handbook defines the AN/PRC-117F(C) radios and their components, and also helps with your selection of antennas and accessories. 2 17 AN/PRC-117F(C) Multiband Radio AN/PRC-117F(C) ■ External PLGR and NMEA-183 GPS device interface ■ Field software upgradeable ■ Over-the-air HPW, SINCGARS, & HQ Time of day (TOD) ■ SATCOM downlink monitor ■ Replaceable Hold Up Battery (HUB) with voltage level reading and low battery warning Feature/Mode Descriptions The AN/PRC117F(C) is an advanced multiband, multimission, manpack radio which provides reliable tactical communica- SINCGARS tions. -
Cryptography During the French and American Wars in Vietnam
CRYPTOGRAPHY DURING THE FRENCH AND AMERICAN WARS IN VIETNAM . PHAN DUONG HIE^. U AND NEAL KOBLITZ Abstract. After Vietnam's Declaration of Independence on 2 Septem- ber 1945, the country had to suffer through two long, brutal wars, first against the French and then against the Americans, before finally in 1975 becoming a unified country free of colonial domination. Our pur- pose is to examine the role of cryptography in those two wars. Despite the far greater technological resources of their opponents, the commu- nications intelligence specialists of the Vi^e.t Minh, the National Libera- tion Front, and the Democratic Republic of Vietnam had considerable success in both protecting Vietnamese communications and acquiring tactical and strategic secrets from the enemy. Perhaps surprisingly, in both wars there was a balance between the sides. Generally speaking, cryptographic knowledge and protocol design were at a high level at the central commands, but deployment for tactical communications in the field was difficult, and there were many failures on all sides. \Our friends...admired the determination and sacrifice coming from a small nation standing up against a colossal empire.... Our narrative was like the Biblical story of David against Goliath." |Nguy^e~n Thi. B`ınh(2013, p. 141-142) 1. Introduction Does the history of cryptography during the French and American wars in Vietnam1 have any relevance to the concerns of people working in informa- tion security in the 21st century? The years 1945{1975 predate public key cryptography, predate DES, and hugely predate the internet. Nevertheless, there are several reasons why this story needs to be told in our time. -
FM 24-18. Tactical Single-Channel Radio Communications
FM 24-18 TABLE OF CONTENTS RDL Document Homepage Information HEADQUARTERS DEPARTMENT OF THE ARMY WASHINGTON, D.C. 30 SEPTEMBER 1987 FM 24-18 TACTICAL SINGLE- CHANNEL RADIO COMMUNICATIONS TECHNIQUES TABLE OF CONTENTS I. PREFACE II. CHAPTER 1 INTRODUCTION TO SINGLE-CHANNEL RADIO COMMUNICATIONS III. CHAPTER 2 RADIO PRINCIPLES Section I. Theory and Propagation Section II. Types of Modulation and Methods of Transmission IV. CHAPTER 3 ANTENNAS http://www.adtdl.army.mil/cgi-bin/atdl.dll/fm/24-18/fm24-18.htm (1 of 3) [1/11/2002 1:54:49 PM] FM 24-18 TABLE OF CONTENTS Section I. Requirement and Function Section II. Characteristics Section III. Types of Antennas Section IV. Field Repair and Expedients V. CHAPTER 4 PRACTICAL CONSIDERATIONS IN OPERATING SINGLE-CHANNEL RADIOS Section I. Siting Considerations Section II. Transmitter Characteristics and Operator's Skills Section III. Transmission Paths Section IV. Receiver Characteristics and Operator's Skills VI. CHAPTER 5 RADIO OPERATING TECHNIQUES Section I. General Operating Instructions and SOI Section II. Radiotelegraph Procedures Section III. Radiotelephone and Radio Teletypewriter Procedures VII. CHAPTER 6 ELECTRONIC WARFARE VIII. CHAPTER 7 RADIO OPERATIONS UNDER UNUSUAL CONDITIONS Section I. Operations in Arcticlike Areas Section II. Operations in Jungle Areas Section III. Operations in Desert Areas Section IV. Operations in Mountainous Areas Section V. Operations in Special Environments IX. CHAPTER 8 SPECIAL OPERATIONS AND INTEROPERABILITY TECHNIQUES Section I. Retransmission and Remote Control Operations Section II. Secure Operations Section III. Equipment Compatibility and Netting Procedures X. APPENDIX A POWER SOURCES http://www.adtdl.army.mil/cgi-bin/atdl.dll/fm/24-18/fm24-18.htm (2 of 3) [1/11/2002 1:54:49 PM] FM 24-18 TABLE OF CONTENTS XI. -
L3harris Falcon Iii® An/Prc-117G(V)1(C)
L3HARRIS FALCON III® AN/PRC-117G(V)1(C) Multiband Networking Manpack Radio The L3Harris AN/PRC-117G delivers breakthrough wideband ADVANCED MULTIBAND data speed and legacy narrowband performance. Equipped with NETWORK PERFORMANCE MUOS-ready hardware, this manpack is 30% smaller and 35% lighter than any other currently in field. The AN/PRC-117G is also the industry’s first and only tactical radio with NINE Suite B encryption, KEY BENEFITS allowing sovereign nations to securely interoperate with the U.S., > Expands mission effectiveness NATO and regional tactical partners. This eliminates the time and with wideband, SATCOM and expense of maintenance, training and logistical support for two legacy narrowband separate radio systems. > 30% smaller and 35% lighter than any similar manpack When paired with L3Harris RF-7800B currently in field Broadband Global Area Network > MUOS-ready hardware terminals, the manpack delivers automatic SATCOM BLOS range > Industry’s only radio with NINE extension along with Internet and Suite B encryption remote private network access. > SATURN waveform protects The Multiband Networking Manpack communications against enemy features the Second Generation interference Software defined, with a JTEL-certified Anti-Jam UHF Radio for NATO (SATURN) > Future-proof with SCA v2.2.2 Software Communications Architecture waveform, which is the most up-to-date compliance (no waivers) (SCA), the fully JTRS-compliant Multiband ground-to-air technology for avoiding > L3Harris Sierra II encryption Networking Manpack supports in-field enemy interference. Voice and data are for secure voice and data up to upgrades as new capabilities emerge. secure up to TOP SECRET through the TOP SECRET The AN/PRC-117G is MUOS-ready, Sierra™II encryption module, which extending critical communications also supports all JTRS COMSEC and > Embedded SAASM GPS receiver Beyond-Line-Of-Sight (BLOS) with TRANSEC requirements.