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A New Species of Thamnodynastes from the Open Areas of Central and Northeastern Brazil (Serpentes: Dipsadidae: Tachymenini)

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A New Species of Thamnodynastes from the Open Areas of Central and Northeastern Brazil (Serpentes: Dipsadidae: Tachymenini) SALAMANDRA 53(3) 339–350 15A August new species 2017 of ThamnodynastesISSN 0036–3375 from Brazil A new species of Thamnodynastes from the open areas of central and northeastern Brazil (Serpentes: Dipsadidae: Tachymenini) Francisco L. Franco1, Vivian C. Trevine2,3, Giovanna G. Montingelli2 & Hussam Zaher2 1) Laboratório Especial de Coleções Zoológicas, Instituto Butantan, Av. Vital Brazil, 1500, CEP: 05503-900, São Paulo, SP, Brazil 2) Laboratório de Herpetologia, Museu de Zoologia da Universidade de São Paulo, Av. Nazaré, 481, CEP: 04263-000, São Paulo, SP, Brazil 3) Programa de Pós-graduação, Departamento de Zoologia, Instituto de Biociências da Universidade de São Paulo, Rua do Matão, 14, CEP: 05508-090, São Paulo, SP, Brazil Corresponding author: Vivian Trevine, e-mail: [email protected] Manuscript received: 28 November 2016 Accepted: 22 May 2017 by Arne Schulze Abstract. The genus Thamnodynastes Wagler, 1830 is currently composed by nineteen species of viviparous and opisto- glyphous snakes, largely distributed in South America, from Colombia to Argentina. The analyses of a large data set of specimens from South American collections evidenced one unknown species from the open formations of central and northeastern Brazil, which is described here. The new species is distinguished from all its congeners by a unique combi- nation of characters, including 19 dorsal rows of smooth scales on the midbody, the smallest number of subcaudals in the genus, and a distinct hemipenial morphology and coloration pattern. To define this new species we present robust diag- nostic characters and discuss comparisons with other species of this diverse and taxonomically complex genus of Neo- tropical snakes. Key words. Neotropical region, Caatinga, Cerrado, Squamata, taxonomy, Xenodontinae. Introduction two to six longitudinal lines along the venter (secondarily blotched), a distinctive dark postocular stripe and a white The tribe Tachymenini was first established by Bailey cervical dorsal stripe, bordered by a pair of longitudinal (1966a, b, 1967) to encompass the genera Calamodontophis dark bands (Franco & Ferreira 2002, Franco et al. Amaral, 1963, Gomesophis Hoge & Mertens, 1959, Pseu­ 2003, Bailey et al. 2005, Bailey & Thomas 2007). dotomodon Leybold, 1873, Ptychophis Gomes, 1915, Tachy­ The genus occurs throughout South America and is com- menis Wiegmann, 1835, Thamnodynastes Wagler, 1830, posed by 19 species (Franco & Ferreira 2002, Franco et and Tomodon Duméril & Bribon, 1853. Recent morpho- al 2003, Bailey et al 2005, Bailey & Thomas 2007). Ten logical (Ferrarezzi 1994) and molecular works (Vidal et species are recognized for the Brazilian territory, Thamno­ al. 2000, Zaher et al. 2009, Vidal et al. 2010, Grazziotin dynastes almae, T. chaquensis, T. hypo conia, T. lanei, et al. 2012) consistently recovered this group as a mono- T. longi caudus, T. pallidus, T. rutilus, T. sertanejo, T. strigatus phyletic tribe within the subfamily Xenodontinae (Vidal and T. ramonriveroi (Franco & Ferreira 2002, Bailey & et al. 2000, Zaher et al. 2009). However, several taxonom- Thomas 2007). At least four of them can be found in the ic issues regarding the validity of a number of taxa remain northeast and the northern portion of central Brazil: T. al­ unsolved, especially for the most specious genera Tachy­ mae, T. sertanejo, T. hypoconia, and T. pallidus; the first three menis and Thamnodynastes, which support a hidden di- from arid and open formations, and the latter in forested versity of undescribed species within the tribe (Franco areas (Handam & Lira-da-Silva 2012, Coelho et al. 2013, & Ferreira 2002, Franco et al. 2003, Harvey & Muñoz Guedes et al. 2014, Nóbrega et al. 2016). 2004, Bailey et al. 2005, Bailey & Thomas 2007). An eleventh species, here referred as Thamnodynastes Species belonging to the genus Thamnodynastes tend to cf. nattereri and previously mentioned as Thamnodynastes share a suite of external features. They are small to medi- sp.1 by Franco & Ferreira (2002), is known to occur um size, opisthoglyphous and viviparous snakes, with el- along most of the Atlantic Domain in Brazil, with an ad- liptical pupils, single nasal scales (secondarily semidivid- ditional record in the Caatinga (Guedes et al. 2014). This ed), a blotched dorsal pattern that is predominantly check- taxon has been cited in several herpetological inventories ered anteriorly and variegated or striped posteriorly, with as Thamno dynastes cf. nattereri (Bertoluci et al. 2009, © 2017 Deutsche Gesellschaft für Herpetologie und Terrarienkunde e.V. (DGHT), Mannheim, Germany Available at http://www.salamandra-journal.com 339 Francisco L. Franco et al. Condez et al. 2009, Marques et al. 2009, Pontes et al. were stained with alizarin in a 70% alcohol solution to ease 2009, Araújo et al. 2010, Hamdan & Lira-da-Silva 2012, the visualization of structures (Nunes et al. 2012). Hemipe- Guedes et al. 2014). However, its taxonomic status and nial terminology follows Zaher (1999). distribution records are still controversial and will be ad- dressed properly in an upcoming publication (V. Trevine et al. in prep.). Nomenclatural Acts Here we describe a new species of Thamnodynastes from the dry forested areas of central and northeastern Brazil. The electronic edition of this article conforms to the re- This species is readily distinguishable from the five species quirements of the amended International Code of Zoo- that occur in the same region, including T. cf. nattereri, logical Nomenclature, and hence the new names contained which is promptly differentiated from the new species by herein are available under that Code from the electronic its immaculated gular region. edition of this article. This published work and the nomen- clatural acts it contains have been registered in ZooBank, the online registration system for the ICZN. The LSID (Life Materials and methods Science Identifier) for this publication is: urn:lsid:zoobank. org.pub:4E8D503B-36F7-4095-B935-74CD2D74A71A. The We examined 176 specimens from the following Herpeto- electronic edition of this work was published in a journal logical Collections (acronyms given in parenthesis): Labo- with an ISSN, and has been archived and is available from ratório Especial de Coleções Zoológicas, Instituto Butan- the following digital repositories: www.salamandra-jour- tan, São Paulo, Brazil (IBSP), Museu de Zoologia da Uni- nal.com. versidade de São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil (MZUSP), Museu Nacional da Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil (MNRJ), Museu de Zoologia da Universi- Results dade Santa Cruz, Ilhéus, Bahia, Brazil (MZUESC), Museu de Zoologia da Universidade Federal da Bahia, Salvador, Thamnodynastes phoenix sp. n. Bahia, Brazil (MZUFBA), Museu de Zoologia da Universi- (Figs 1, 2, Tables 1, 2) dade Estadual de Feira de Santana, Feira de Santana, Bahia, Brazil (MZFS), Museu de Fauna da Caatinga, Universidade ZooBank: LSID:urn:lsid:zoobank.org:pub:4E8D503B-36F7-4095- B935-74CD2D74A71A Federal do Vale do Rio São Francisco, Petrolina, Pernam- Thamnodynastes sp. 2 – Franco & Ferreira, 2002 buco, Brazil (MFCH), Coleção Herpetológica da Univer- Thamnodynastes sp. 2 – Hamdan & Lira-da-Silva, 2012 sidade de Brasília, DF, Brazil (CHUNB), Coleção Herpe- Thamnodynastes sp. 2 – Coelho, Souza, Weider, Pereira & tológica da Universidade Federal de Paraíba, João Pessoa, Ribeiro, 2013 Paraíba, Brazil (CHUFPB), Museu de Zoologia, Univer- Thamnodynastes sp. – Guedes, Nogueira & Sawaya, 2014 sidade Estadual de Campinas, São Paulo, Brazil (ZUEC), Fundação Ezequiel Dias, Belo Horizonte, Minas Gerais, Holotype: Brazil, Pernambuco, municipality of Petroli- Brazil (FUNED), Museu Paraense Emílio Goeldi, Belém, na, 09°19’29.00” S, 40°32’50.00” W, 389 m above sea level, Pará, Brazil (MPEG), Coleção Herpetológica da Univer- Campus Ciências Agrárias, Universidade Federal do Vale sidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, Rio do São Francisco (UNIVASF): IBSP 87527, adult male col- Grande do Sul, Brazil (UFRGS). Specimens examined are lected by Leonardo de Barros Ribeiro on 4 November listed in the Appendix. 2011 (Figs 1 and 2). Snout–vent length (SVL) and tail length (TL) were measured to the nearest 1 mm by stretching the specimen Paratypes (N = 12): Brazil: Alagoas: UHE Xingó (9°37’25” S, against a metallic ruler. Other measurements were taken to 37°47’54”W): MZUSP 10875 (former CHESF 3455), adult the nearest 0.1 mm with a digital calliper. Measures were female, no collector information; and MZUSP 10878 taken only in sexually mature specimens. Females were (former CHESF 3723), adult male, no collector informa- considered to be sexually mature when secondary vitello- tion; Bahia: municipality of Guanambi (14°12’ S, 42°46’ W): genic follicles or embryos were present. Males were consid- IBSP 54904, adult male, collected by Guanambi city hall, ered sexually mature when their snout–vent length (SVL) 17 August 1992; municipality of Queimadas (10°58’40’’ S, were equal or larger than the SVL of the smallest sexual- 39°37’26’’ W): MZUSP 10775, adult female, collected by ly mature female. Scale counts and measurements of head Miguel T. Rodrigues, October 1991; Ceará: Serra do Ba- shields and scales followed Peters (1964) and Peters & turité (4°23’48.8’’ S, 39°01’28.3’’ W): MZUSP 21180, young Orejas-Miranda (1970). Ventral counts followed Dowl- female, collected by Natália Rizzo Friol et al., 27 Octo- ing (1951), although preventral scales were not included ber 2012; Pernambuco: municipality of Floresta (7°23’20’’ S, here. Counts
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