DOCSLIB.ORG

Innovations in Animal-Substrate Interactions Through Geologic Time

Total Page：16

File Type：pdf, Size：1020Kb

Download full-text PDF Read full-text
Innovations in Animal-Substrate Interactions Through Geologic Time The other biodiversity record: Innovations in animal-substrate interactions through geologic time Luis A. Buatois, Dept. of Geological Sciences, University of Saskatchewan, 114 Science Place, Saskatoon SK S7N 5E2, Canada, luis. [email protected]; and M. Gabriela Mángano, Dept. of Geological Sciences, University of Saskatchewan, 114 Science Place, Saskatoon SK S7N 5E2, Canada, [email protected] ABSTRACT 1979; Bambach, 1977; Sepkoski, 1978, 1979, and Droser, 2004; Mángano and Buatois, Tracking biodiversity changes based on 1984, 1997). However, this has been marked 2014; Buatois et al., 2016a), rather than on body fossils through geologic time became by controversies regarding the nature of the whole Phanerozoic. In this study we diversity trajectories and their potential one of the main objectives of paleontology tackle this issue based on a systematic and biases (e.g., Sepkoski et al., 1981; Alroy, in the 1980s. Trace fossils represent an alter- global compilation of trace-fossil data 2010; Crampton et al., 2003; Holland, 2010; native record to evaluate secular changes in in the stratigraphic record. We show that Bush and Bambach, 2015). In these studies, diversity. A quantitative ichnologic analysis, quantitative ichnologic analysis indicates diversity has been invariably assessed based based on a comprehensive and global data that the three main marine evolutionary on body fossils. set, has been undertaken in order to evaluate radiations inferred from body fossils, namely Trace fossils represent an alternative temporal trends in diversity of bioturbation the Cambrian Explosion, Great Ordovician record to assess secular changes in bio- and bioerosion structures. The results of this Biodiversification Event, and Mesozoic diversity. Trace-fossil data were given less study indicate that the three main marine Marine Revolution, are also expressed in the attention and were considered briefly in evolutionary radiations (Cambrian Explo- trace-fossil record. In addition, the trace- only one of the more classic studies of bio- sion, Great Ordovician Biodiversification fossil record of continental environments diversity through time (e.g., the so-called Event, and Mesozoic Marine Revolution) suggests variable rates of increases in diversity, consensus paper by Sepkoski et al., 1981; detected in the body-fossil record are also with major radiations in the Ludlow–Early see also Mil ler, 2009). Ichnologic informa- Devonian, Cisuralian, Early Jurassic, Late expressed in the trace-fossil record. Analysis tion in the consensus paper was based on of ichnodiversity trajectories in marine Cretaceous, and Eocene, and slower increases early attempts of quantifying trace-fossil or plateaus in between these periods. environments supports Sepkoski’s logistic diversity, which were supported by the very model, which was originally based on limited data available at the time (Seilacher, CONCEPTS AND METHODS analysis of marine body fossils. The trace- 1974, 1977). The decision by Dolf Seilacher Trace fossils comprise distinctive struc- fossil record of continental environments to decline co-authorship of the consensus tures of biogenic origin, reflecting organism suggests variable rates of increases in ichno- paper reflects his doubts with respect to the diversity, with major radiations in the support that trace-fossil evidence was actu- behaviors while interacting with the Ludlow–Early Devonian, Cisuralian, Early ally providing to the diversity curves based on substrate (Fig. 1). Trace fossils may be Jurassic, Late Cretaceous, and Eocene, and body fossils. In a letter addressed to Sepkoski, preserved in a wide variety of substrates. slower increases or plateaus in between these dated 23 February 1981, Seilacher stated, Bioturbation structures occur in sediment, periods. Our study indicates that ichnologic “By lumping the two groups you may get a whereas bio- erosion structures are produced information represents an independent line curve that pleases you, but this might be an in rigid substrates, such as hardgrounds, of evidence that yields valuable insights to accident. The curve you have in mind (based clasts, bones, or rocks (Frey and Wheatcroft, evaluate paleobiologic megatrends. on the record of body fossils) is mainly one of 1989). Although the same type of trace-fossil shallow marine diversity. Including the flysch can be produced by phylogenetically INTRODUCTION (i.e., the deepwater) counts (which by their unrelated animals, in many instances trace The astounding diversity of animals in high diversity influence the results very fossils can be attributed to a producer with modern oceans and continents is the result of much), I am afraid will do no justice to the variable levels of confidence. For example, macroevolutionary processes operating in cause, although the result may fit the general the branching burrow system Ophiomorpha deep time. Conservative estimates suggest the picture” (Miller, 2009, p. 379). is commonly regarded as produced by modern biosphere hosts close to 13 million No attempts to produce global compre- decapod crustaceans, typically callianassids species, of which approximately only 4% hensive compilations have been done since (Fig. 1) (Frey et al., 1978). However, such are marine (Benton, 2001). Despite the the pioneer work by Seilacher (see also links are not possible to establish in the impressive growth of fields exploring other Crimes, 1974). Subsequent ichnologic com- case of ichnofossils having less distinct sources of data (e.g., molecular), the fossil pilations focused on specific environments morphologic features. The trace-fossil record record is arguably still the main line of (e.g., Buatois et al., 1998; Orr, 2001; Uchman, encompasses marine and continental evidence to reconstruct the diversity of life 2004; Minter et al., 2016a, 2016b, 2017) environments and spans from Ediacaran to through time (Valentine, 1969; Raup, 1972, or evolutionary radiations (e.g., Mángano Holocene (Buatois and Mángano, 2016). GSA Today, v. 28, https://doi.org/10.1130/GSATG371A.1. Copyright 2018, The Geological Society of America. CC-BY-NC. Cl Figure 1. Ichnologic equivalents of Sepkoski’s CAMBRIAN EVOLUTIONARY evolutionary faunas. Representative elements FAUNA Li of the Cambrian evolutionary fauna include Ru Sy trilobite trace fossils, such as Rusophycus (Ru), Cruziana (Cr) and Dimorphichnus (Di), and the Cr Di inarticulate brachiopod burrow Lingulichnus (Li). Trace fossils of worm-like organisms Ol include Syringomorpha (Sy) and Oldhamia (Ol), whereas Climactichnites (Cl) has been attributed to mollusk-like producers. Examples of the Paleozoic evolutionary fauna include Da ichnotaxa produced by worm-like animals, such as Daedalus (Da), Arthrophycus (Ar), PALEOZOIC EVOLUTIONARY FAUNA Heimdallia (He), and Dictyodora (Dy). The Ar He Modern evolutionary fauna is dominated by crustacean burrows, such as Psilonichnus (Ps), Ophiomorpha (Op), Thalassinoides (Th), and Dy Sinusichnus (Si), as well as bivalves, such as Hillichnus (Hi), and irregular echinoids, such as Scolicia (Sc). Structures produced by worm-like organisms include Lapispira (La), Schaubcylindrichnus (Sch), Phoebichnus (Ph), Ha Si and Haentzschelinia (Ha). For bibliographic Ps Op sources, see supplementary material in the Sch GSA Data Repository (see text footnote 1). MODERN EVOLUTIONARY FAUNA Ph Th La Sc Sc Hi Whereas the main focus of studies on that taxonomy is more firmly established nonmarine clastic rock volume, the number biodiversity has been on the number of at ichnogenus level than at ichnospecies of ichnofossil-bearing formations, and species or higher taxa (Sepkoski, 1997), rank. Only invertebrate trace-fossil data the number of trace-fossil assemblages ichnodiversity (or trace-fossil diversity) were considered. Individual curves were documented (Minter et al., 2017). Potential studies focus on the different behaviors produced for continental, shallow-marine, biases are discussed in the supplementary involved in animal-substrate interactions. and deep-marine bioturbation, and material (see footnote 1). Ichnodiversity refers to the number of marine and continental bioerosion (Fig. 2). trace-fossil types (ichnotaxa) present in Additional diversity curves were compiled RESULTS any given assemblage or geologic period, for all marine bioturbation, all marine Behavioral innovations seem to have taken therefore providing a measurement of (bio erosion plus bioturbation), and all place in pulses rather than at a steady pace behavioral richness (Bua tois and Mángano, continental (bioerosion plus bioturbation) (Fig. 2). For marine environments, a 433% 2011, 2013). Ichnogeneric compilation was ichnogenera. A rarefaction analysis of increase in ichnodiversity occurred during based on literature and personal data (GSA the data pertaining to the Cambrian and the Terraneuvian, a 48% increase took place Data Repository Tables DR1 and DR21). The Ordovician portions of the marine curves between the Early and Late Ordovician, total number of invertebrate ichnogenera showing rapid ichnodiversity increases was and a more protracted and modest identified as valid is 534, encompassing undertaken to evaluate the effects of increase occurred later in the Mesozoic with 428 for bioturbation structures and 106 for sample size on the curves (Buatois et al., increases in the Early Jurassic (8%) and bioerosion structures (updated from Buatois 2016a). Diversity data for the continental Late Cretaceous (20%), totaling an overall et al., 2017). We follow the common practice Paleozoic
Load more

Recommended publications
  • Early Sponge Evolution: a Review and Phylogenetic Framework
    Available online at www.sciencedirect.com ScienceDirect Palaeoworld 27 (2018) 1–29 Review Early sponge evolution: A review and phylogenetic framework a,b,∗ a Joseph P. Botting , Lucy A. Muir a Nanjing Institute of Geology and Palaeontology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 39 East Beijing Road, Nanjing 210008, China b Department of Natural Sciences, Amgueddfa Cymru — National Museum Wales, Cathays Park, Cardiff CF10 3LP, UK Received 27 January 2017; received in revised form 12 May 2017; accepted 5 July 2017 Available online 13 July 2017 Abstract Sponges are one of the critical groups in understanding the early evolution of animals. Traditional views of these relationships are currently being challenged by molecular data, but the debate has so far made little use of recent palaeontological advances that provide an independent perspective on deep sponge evolution. This review summarises the available information, particularly where the fossil record reveals extinct character combinations that directly impinge on our understanding of high-level relationships and evolutionary origins. An evolutionary outline is proposed that includes the major early fossil groups, combining the fossil record with molecular phylogenetics. The key points are as follows. (1) Crown-group sponge classes are difficult to recognise in the fossil record, with the exception of demosponges, the origins of which are now becoming clear. (2) Hexactine spicules were present in the stem lineages of Hexactinellida, Demospongiae, Silicea and probably also Calcarea and Porifera; this spicule type is not diagnostic of hexactinellids in the fossil record. (3) Reticulosans form the stem lineage of Silicea, and probably also Porifera. (4) At least some early-branching groups possessed biminerallic spicules of silica (with axial filament) combined with an outer layer of calcite secreted within an organic sheath.
    [Show full text]
  • Evolutionary Patterns of Trilobites Across the End Ordovician Mass Extinction
    Evolutionary Patterns of Trilobites Across the End Ordovician Mass Extinction by Curtis R. Congreve B.S., University of Rochester, 2006 M.S., University of Kansas, 2008 Submitted to the Department of Geology and the Faculty of the Graduate School of The University of Kansas in partial fulfillment on the requirements for the degree of Doctor of Philosophy 2012 Advisory Committee: ______________________________ Bruce Lieberman, Chair ______________________________ Paul Selden ______________________________ David Fowle ______________________________ Ed Wiley ______________________________ Xingong Li Defense Date: December 12, 2012 ii The Dissertation Committee for Curtis R. Congreve certifies that this is the approved Version of the following thesis: Evolutionary Patterns of Trilobites Across the End Ordovician Mass Extinction Advisory Committee: ______________________________ Bruce Lieberman, Chair ______________________________ Paul Selden ______________________________ David Fowle ______________________________ Ed Wiley ______________________________ Xingong Li Accepted: April 18, 2013 iii Abstract: The end Ordovician mass extinction is the second largest extinction event in the history or life and it is classically interpreted as being caused by a sudden and unstable icehouse during otherwise greenhouse conditions. The extinction occurred in two pulses, with a brief rise of a recovery fauna (Hirnantia fauna) between pulses. The extinction patterns of trilobites are studied in this thesis in order to better understand selectivity of the
    [Show full text]
  • Church 18.Pdf (1.785Mb)
    Paleontological Contributions Number 18 Efficient Ornamentation in Ordovician Anthaspidellid Sponges Stephen B. Church August 9, 2017 Lawrence, Kansas, USA ISSN 1946-0279 (online) paleo.ku.edu/contributions Ridge-and-trough ornamented outer-wall fragment of the Ordovician anthaspidellid sponge Rugocoelia eganensis Johns, 1994. Paleontological Contributions August 9, 2017 Number 18 EFFICIENT ORNAMENTATION IN ORDOVICIAN ANTHASPIDELLID SPONGES Stephen B. Church Department of Geological Sciences, Brigham Young University, Provo, Utah 84602-3300, [email protected] ABSTRACT Lithistid orchoclad sponges within the family Anthaspidellidae Ulrich in Miller, 1889 include several genera that added ornate features to their outer-wall surfaces during Early Ordovician sponge radiation. Ornamented anthaspidellid sponges commonly constructed annulated or irregularly to regularly spaced transverse ridge-and-trough features on their outer-wall surfaces without proportionately increasing the size of their internal wall or gastral surfaces. This efficient technique of modi- fying only the sponge’s outer surface without enlarging its entire skeletal frame conserved the sponge’s constructional energy while increasing outer-wall surface-to-fluid exposure for greater intake of nutrient bearing currents. Sponges with widely spaced ridge-and-trough ornament dimensions predominated in high-energy settings. Widely spaced ridges and troughs may have given the sponge hydrodynamic benefits in high wave force settings. Ornamented sponges with narrowly spaced ridge-and- trough dimensions are found in high energy paleoenvironments but also occupied moderate to low-energy settings, where their surface-to-fluid exposure per unit area exceeded that of sponges with widely spaced surface ornamentations. Keywords: lithistid sponges, Ordovician radiation, morphological variation, theoretical morphology INTRODUCTION assumed by most anthaspidellids.
    [Show full text]
  • Palaeoenvironmental Interpretation of the Triassic Sandstones of Scrabo
    PALAEOENVIRONMENTAL INTERPRETATION OF THE TRIASSIC SANDSTONES OF SCRABO, COUNTY DOWN, NORTHERN IRELAND: ICHNOLOGICAL AND SEDIMENTOLOGICAL STUDIES INDICATING A MIXED FLUVIATILE-AEOLIAN SUCCESSION JAMES O. BUCKMAN, PHILIPS. DOUGHTY,MICHAEL J. BENTON and ANDREW J. JERAM (Received 19 May 1997) Abstract The Sherwood Sandstone Group at Scrabo, Co. Down, NorthernIreland, has been variously interpretedas aeolian or fluviatile. The sedimentological and ichnological data show that these sandstone-dominatedfacies were deposited within a mixed fluviatile-aeolian regime, in which fluviatile processes were responsible for the majorityof the preservedsedimentary sequence. The sequence contains a moderately diverse non-marine ichnofauna comprising the invertebratetrace fossils Biformites, Cruziana/Rusophycus(Isopodichnus), Herpystezoum(Unisulcus), Planolites, 'small arthropodtrackways', 'large arthropodtrackways' (cf. in part Paleohelcura), and the vertebrate trace fossil Chirotherium? (as well as a number of other, presently unnamed, vertebrate footprints). The recorded ichnofauna greatly increases that previously known from the Irish Triassic, comparesfavourably with that from the rest of Europe, and representsthe only known Irish locality for reptiliantrackways. Introduction north-east, are exposed at Scrabo Hill (Charlesworth 1963). Several Palaeogene The Sherwood Sandstone Group (Triassic) dolerite dykes and sills are exposed at the in north-eastIreland comprises part of a thick southern end of the hill, and these form a sequence of non-marine sediments, with a resistant cap that has shielded the sandstones maximum thickness of 1850m (Parnell et al. against removal by ice during the last 1992), which are rarely exposed and known glaciations. mostly from borehole data. At Scrabo (Fig. 1) Various environmental interpretationshave the Sherwood SandstoneGroup occurs within a been made of the Scrabo succession. The deep trough of Carboniferousto Triassic age succession has been interpretedas representing (Parnell et al.
    [Show full text]
  • In Pliocene Deposits, Antarctic Continental Margin (ANDRILL 1B Drill Core) Molly F
    University of Nebraska - Lincoln DigitalCommons@University of Nebraska - Lincoln ANDRILL Research and Publications Antarctic Drilling Program 2009 Significance of the Trace Fossil Zoophycos in Pliocene Deposits, Antarctic Continental Margin (ANDRILL 1B Drill Core) Molly F. Miller Vanderbilt University, [email protected] Ellen A. Cowan Appalachian State University, [email protected] Simon H. H. Nielsen Florida State University Follow this and additional works at: http://digitalcommons.unl.edu/andrillrespub Part of the Oceanography Commons, and the Paleobiology Commons Miller, Molly F.; Cowan, Ellen A.; and Nielsen, Simon H. H., "Significance of the Trace Fossil Zoophycos in Pliocene Deposits, Antarctic Continental Margin (ANDRILL 1B Drill Core)" (2009). ANDRILL Research and Publications. 61. http://digitalcommons.unl.edu/andrillrespub/61 This Article is brought to you for free and open access by the Antarctic Drilling Program at DigitalCommons@University of Nebraska - Lincoln. It has been accepted for inclusion in ANDRILL Research and Publications by an authorized administrator of DigitalCommons@University of Nebraska - Lincoln. Published in Antarctic Science 21(6) (2009), & Antarctic Science Ltd (2009), pp. 609–618; doi: 10.1017/ s0954102009002041 Copyright © 2009 Cambridge University Press Submitted July 25, 2008, accepted February 9, 2009 Significance of the trace fossil Zoophycos in Pliocene deposits, Antarctic continental margin (ANDRILL 1B drill core) Molly F. Miller,1 Ellen A. Cowan,2 and Simon H.H. Nielsen3 1. Department of Earth and Environmental Sciences, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN 37235, USA 2. Department of Geology, Appalachian State University, Boone, NC 28608, USA 3. Antarctic Research Facility, Florida State University, Tallahassee FL 32306-4100, USA Corresponding author — Molly F.
    [Show full text]
  • Reef Encounter Reef Encounter
    Volume 30, No. 2 September 2015 Number 42 REEF ENCOUNTER REEF ENCOUNTER United Nations Climate Change Conference Education about Reefs and Climate Change Climate Change: Reef Fish Ecology, Genetic Diversity and Coral Disease Society Honors and Referendum Digital Underwater Cameras Review The News Journal of the International Society for Reef Studies ISSN 0225-27987 REEF ENCOUNTER The News Journal of the International Society for Reef Studies ISRS Information REEF ENCOUNTER Reef Encounter is the magazine style news journal of the International Society for Reef Studies. It was first published in 1983. Following a short break in production it was re-launched in electronic (pdf) form. Contributions are welcome, especially from members. Please submit items directly to the relevant editor (see the back cover for author’s instructions). Coordinating Editor Rupert Ormond (email: [email protected]) Deputy Editor Caroline Rogers (email: [email protected]) Editor Reef Perspectives (Scientific Opinions) Rupert Ormond (email: [email protected]) Editor Reef Currents (General Articles) Caroline Rogers (email: [email protected]) Editors Reef Edge (Scientific Letters) Dennis Hubbard (email: [email protected]) Alastair Harborne (email: [email protected]) Edwin Hernandez-Delgado (email: [email protected]) Nicolas Pascal (email: [email protected]) Editor News & Announcements Sue Wells (email: [email protected]) Editor Book & Product Reviews Walt Jaap (email: [email protected]) INTERNATIONAL SOCIETY FOR REEF STUDIES The International Society for Reef Studies was founded in 1980 at a meeting in Cambridge, UK. Its aim under the constitution is to promote, for the benefit of the public, the production and dissemination of scientific knowledge and understanding concerning coral reefs, both living and fossil.
    [Show full text]
  • Copertina Guida Ai TRILOBITI V3 Esterno
    Enrico Bonino nato in provincia di Bergamo nel 1966, Enrico si è laureato in Geologia presso il Dipartimento di Scienze della Terra dell'Università di Genova. Attualmente risiede in Belgio dove svolge attività come specialista nel settore dei Sistemi di Informazione Geografica e analisi di immagini digitali. Curatore scientifico del Museo Back to the Past, ha pubblicato numerosi volumi di paleontologia in lingua italiana e inglese, collaborando inoltre all’elaborazione di testi e pubblicazioni scientifiche a livello nazonale e internazionale. Oltre alla passione per questa classe di artropodi, i suoi interessi sono orientati alle forme di vita vissute nel Precambriano, stromatoliti, e fossilizzazioni tipo konservat-lagerstätte. Carlo Kier nato a Milano nel 1961, Carlo si è laureato in Legge, ed è attualmente presidente della catena di alberghi Azul Hotel. Risiede a Cancun, Messico, dove si dedica ad attività legate all'ambiente marino. All'età di 16 anni, ha iniziato una lunga collaborazione con il Museo di Storia Naturale di Milano, ed è a partire dal 1970 che prese inizio la vera passione per i trilobiti, dando avvio a quella che oggi è diventata una delle collezioni paleontologiche più importanti al mondo. La sua instancabile attività di ricerca sul terreno in varie parti del globo e la collaborazione con professionisti del settore, ha permesso la descrizione di nuove specie di trilobiti ed artropodi. Una forte determinazione e la costruzione di un nuovo complesso alberghiero (AZUL Sensatori) hanno infine concretizzzato la realizzazione
    [Show full text]
  • O ANNALS of CARNEGIE MUSEUM VOL
    o ANNALS OF CARNEGIE MUSEUM VOL. 74, NUMBER 3, PP. 151^188 30 SEPTEMBER 2005 MIOCENE FOSSIL DECAPODA (CRUSTACEA: BRACHYURA) FROM PATAGONIA, ARGENTINA, AND THEIR PALEOECOLOGICAL SETTING SILVIO CASADIO Universidad Nacional de La Pampa, Uruguay 151, 6300 Santa Rosa, La Pampa, Argentina ([email protected]) RODNEY M. FELDMANN Research Associate, Section of Invertebrate Paleontology; Department of Geology, Kent State University, Kent, Ohio, 44242 ([email protected]) ANA PARRAS Universidad Nacional de La Pampa, Uruguay 151, 6300 Santa Rosa, La Pampa, Argentina ([email protected]) CARRIE E. SCHWEITZER Research Associate, Section of Invertebrate Paleontology; Department of Geology, Kent State University Stark Campus, Canton, OH 44720 ([email protected]) ABSTRACT Five previously undescribed decapod taxa have been collected from lower upper Miocene rocks of the Puerto Madryn Formation, Peninsula Valdes region, Chubut Province, Patagonia, Argentina. New species include Osachila valdesensis, Rochinia boschii, Romaleon parspinosus, Panopeus piramidensis, and Ocypode vericoncava. Chaceon peruvianus and Proterocarcinus latus are also reported from the unit, in addition to two indeterminate xanthoid species. Assignment of fossil taxa to genera within the Panopeidae Ortmann, 1893, is difficult due to the marked similarity in dorsal carapace characters among several genera. Panopeus whittenensis Glaessner, 1980, is herein referred to Pakicarcinus Schweitzer et al., 2004. The Puerto Madryn Formation exposed near Puerto Piramide contains three distinct Facies Associations (1-3), each associated with specific paleoecological and paleoenvironmental conditions, and which recur throughout the section and represent trangressive systems tract (TST) deposits and highstand systems tract (HST) deposits. Within Facies Association 1, near the base of the section at Puerto Piramide, three paleosurfaces containing invertebrate fossils in life position are exposed and have been carefully mapped in plan view.
    [Show full text]
  • PROPERTY of Alabita STATE Geoloclcal Survlfl LBWY
    PROPERTY OF ALABItA STATE GEOLOClCAL SURVLFl LBWY U.S. DEPARTMENT OF THE INTERIOR TO ACCOMPANY MAP 1-1942 U.S. GEOLOGICAL SURVEY GEOLOGIC MAP AND FOLD- AND THRUST-BELT INTERPRETATION OF THE SOUTHEASTERN PART OF THE CHARLEY RlVER QUADRANGLE, EAST-CENTRAL ALASKA By James H. Dover INTRODUCTION The report contains a geologic map and interpretive cross sections (scale 1:100,000, sheets 1 and 2, respectively), This report presents the geologic map evidence for and a small-scale tectonic map showing regional structural the interpretation of the Charley River region as a fold and continuity and trends (scale 1:500,000, fig. sheet 2). thrust belt. Stratigraphic problems bearing on the rigor of 4, The geologic map contains considerable detail this interpretation are briefly reviewed, and some regional compiled from more than 1,000 field stations (fig. 1, tectonic implications of the fold and thrust belt sheet 1). Nearly 85 percent of these stations and their model-including the interaction of the fold and thrust belt included data are recompiled directly from the original field with the Tintina strike-slip fault zone, are also discussed. notes and field sheets (1960-63, 1967-68, 1973) of PREVIOUS WORK Brabb and Churkin. The new data were collected during parts of four field seasons, from 1982 to 1985, and Geologic observations were first made in the Charley involve a total of 25 days of helicopter-supported field River region by pioneering Alaskan geologists such work, concentrated largely in localities where pre-existing as Prindle (1905, 1906, 1913), Kindle (1908), Brooks data were scarce, or in localities judged from previous and Kindle (1908), and Cairnes (1914), but the recon- work to be critical to structural interpretation.
    [Show full text]
  • Reassignment of Vertebrate Ichnotaxa from the Upper Carboniferous 'Fern
    Reassignment of vertebrate ichnotaxa from the Upper Carboniferous ‘Fern Ledges’, Lancaster Formation, Saint John, New Brunswick, Canada MATTHEW R. STIMSON1,2*, RANDALL F. MILLER1, AND SPENCER G. LUCAS3 1. Steinhammer Palaeontology Laboratory, New Brunswick Museum, Saint John, New Brunswick E2K 1E5, Canada 2. New Brunswick Geological Surveys Branch, Department of Energy and Mines, Fredericton, New Brunswick E3B 5H1, Canada 3. New Mexico Museum of Natural History and Science, Albuquerque, New Mexico 87104, USA *Corresponding author <[email protected]> Date received: 14 April 2015 ¶ Date accepted: 04 September 2015 ABSTRACT Vertebrate ichnotaxa described by George Frederic Matthew in 1910 from the Upper Carboniferous (Lower Pennsylvanian) ‘Fern Ledges’ of Saint John, New Brunswick, were dismissed as dubious trackways by previous authors. Thus, three new ichnospecies Matthew described appeared in the 1975 Treatise on Invertebrate Paleontology as “unrecognized or unrecognizable” and were mostly forgotten by vertebrate ichnologists. These traces include Hylopus (?) variabilis, Nanopus (?) vetustus and Bipezia bilobata. One ichnospecies, Hylopus (?) variabilis, here is retained as a valid tetrapod footprint ichnotaxon and reassigned to the ichnogenus Limnopus as a new combination, together with other poorly preserved specimens Matthew labeled, but never described. Nanopus (?) vetustus and Bipezia bilobata named by Matthew in the same paper, have been reexamined and remain as nomina dubia. RÉSUMÉ Les ichnotaxons vertébrés de Fern Ledges du Carbonifère supérieur (Pennsylvanien inférieur) de Saint John, au Nouveau-Brunswick, décrits par George Frederic Matthew en 1910 avaient été rejetés par des auteurs précédents les considérant comme des séries de traces douteuses. Trois nouvelles ichnoespèces décrites par Matthew sont ainsi appa- rues dans le Treatise on Invertebrate Paleontology (Traité sur la paléontologie des invertébrés) de 1975 à titre d’espèces « non identifiées ou non identifiables » et ont principalement été laissées aux ichnologues des vertébrés.
    [Show full text]
  • How Do Upwelling and El Niño Impact Coral Reef Growth? a Guided, Inquiry-Based Lesson
    OceTHE OFFICIALa MAGAZINEn ogOF THE OCEANOGRAPHYra SOCIETYphy CITATION Gravinese, P.M., L.T. Toth, C.J. Randall, and R.B. Aronson. 2018. How do upwelling and El Niño impact coral reef growth? A guided, inquiry-based lesson. Oceanography 31(4):184–188, https://doi.org/10.5670/oceanog.2018.424. DOI https://doi.org/10.5670/oceanog.2018.424 PERMISSIONS Oceanography (ISSN 1042-8275) is published by The Oceanography Society, 1 Research Court, Suite 450, Rockville, MD 20850 USA. ©2018 The Oceanography Society, Inc. Permission is granted for individuals to read, download, copy, distribute, print, search, and link to the full texts of Oceanography articles. Figures, tables, and short quotes from the magazine may be republished in scientific books and journals, on websites, and in PhD dissertations at no charge, but the materi- als must be cited appropriately (e.g., authors, Oceanography, volume number, issue number, page number[s], figure number[s], and DOI for the article). Republication, systemic reproduction, or collective redistribution of any material in Oceanography is permitted only with the approval of The Oceanography Society. Please contact Jennifer Ramarui at [email protected]. Permission is granted to authors to post their final pdfs, provided byOceanography , on their personal or institutional websites, to deposit those files in their institutional archives, and to share the pdfs on open-access research sharing sites such as ResearchGate and Academia.edu. DOWNLOADED FROM HTTPS://TOS.ORG/OCEANOGRAPHY HANDS-ON OCEANOGRAPHY How Do Upwelling and El Niño Impact Coral Reef Growth? A GUIDED, INQUIRY-BASED LESSON By Philip M. Gravinese, Lauren T. Toth, Carly J.
    [Show full text]
  • CURRICULUM VITAE Ilya V. Buynevich Ilya V
    CURRICULUM VITAE Ilya V. Buynevich Ilya V. Buynevich Department of Earth and Environmental Science Tel: 215-204-3635 College of Science and Technology Fax: 215-204-3496 Temple University [email protected] 313 Beury Hall http://sites.temple.edu/coastal 1901 N. 13th Street Philadelphia, PA 19122, USA Citizenship: USA EDUCATION 2001-2003 Post-Doctoral, Geology Woods Hole Oceanographic Institution 2001 Ph.D, Geology Boston University 1994 B.A., Geology, Magna Cum Laude Boston University 1989-1991 Dipl. Sci. Program, Marine Geology Odessa National University, Ukraine RESEARCH INTERESTS Coastal and marine geology; field and experimental ichnology; zoogeomorphology; event sedimentology and taphonomy; morphodynamics and stratigraphy of coastal barriers; aeolian processes and dunefield evolution; geoarchaeology and geoforensics; applied high-resolution geophysics (focus: georadar). POSITIONS HELD 2015 > Associate Professor, Earth and Environmental Science, Temple University 2009-2015 Assistant Professor, Earth and Environmental Science, Temple University 2008-2012 Adjunct Graduate Professor of Oceanography, University of Rhode Island 2004-2009 Assistant Scientist, Geology & Geophysics, Woods Hole Oceanographic Institution 2000-2009 Part-time Faculty, Metropolitan College, Boston University 2007-2009 Visiting Faculty, Earth and Environmental Science, Boston College 2007-2008 Adjunct Faculty, Marine Geology, Kiev National University, Ukraine 2003-2004 Research Geologist, U.S. Geological Survey, Woods Hole Field Center 2001-2003 USGS Postdoctoral Scholar, Woods Hole Oceanographic Institution (WHOI) 1999, 2009 Visiting Faculty, Geology, Tufts University 1997-2000 Research Assistant, Department of Earth Sciences, Boston University PROFESSIONAL ACTIVITY 2014 > - Editorial Board, Geology Bulletin, Lviv National University, Ukraine Geology and Geography Bulletin, Odessa National University, Ukraine 2013 > - Editorial Board, Baltica 2011 > - Associate Editor, Journal of Coastal Research I.V.
    [Show full text]