Nottinghamshire County Council Beardall Street, Hucknall July 2013 Phase 1 - Desk Top Study

Nottinghamshire County Council Environment & Resources

Beardall Street, Hucknall, Nottinghamshire Phase 1 – Desk Study

Report Reference: 4025078

Tim Gregory Corporate Director Environment & Resources Trent Bridge House Fox Road West Bridgford Nottingham NG2 6BJ Date: July 2013 - i Nottinghamshire County Council Beardall Street, Hucknall July 2013 Phase 1 - Desk Top Study

QUALIFICATIONS AND LIMITATIONS

The following notes should be read in conjunction with the report:-

The report has been prepared and written solely for the purpose of providing information in regard to contamination relevant to the proposed Beardall Street redevelopment scheme and its contents should not be used out of that context. Furthermore, new information, changed practices or new legislation may necessitate revised interpretation of the report after the date of its submission.

Unless specifically referred to, the report has not addressed environmental planning issues, liabilities relating to health and safety or subsidence.

All information, comments and opinions given in the desk study in this report are based on the information given or obtained. Information searches cannot be exhaustive and there may be undiscovered records.

Nottinghamshire County Council, Communities Department, Landscape and Reclamation Team prepared this report for the sole and exclusive use of Nottinghamshire County Council, Transport, Property and Environment in response to specific instructions. Other parties using the information contained in this report do so at their own risk and any duty of care to those parties is excluded.

Client Nottinghamshire County Council

Job Title Beardall Street - Phase 1 - Desk Top Study

Job Number/ 4025078 File Reference

Date July 2013

Signed Name Date

Originated Andrew Bryan July 2013

Reviewed Derek Hair July 2013

- ii Nottinghamshire County Council Beardall Street, Hucknall July 2013 Phase 1 - Desk Top Study

CONTENTS Page

QUALIFICATIONS & LIMITATIONS ii

1.0 INTRODUCTION 1 1.1 Project Brief 1 1.2 Aims & Objectives 1 1.3 Information Limitation 1 1.4 Information Sources 1

2.0 SITE DESCRIPTION 3 2.1 Location 3 2.2 Description 3 2.3 Ownership 4

3.0 ENVIRONMENTAL SETTING 5 3.1 Topography 5 3.2 Published Geology 5 3.2.1 BGS Mapping Information 5 3.2.2 BGS Digital Map 5 3.3 British Geological Survey Borehole Records 6 3.4 Previous Site Investigations 7 3.5 Estimation of Geological Conditions at the Site 7 3.6 Geological Hazards 7 3.6.1 BGS Recorded Mineral Sites 8 3.6.2 Coal Mining 8 3.6.3 Potentially Contaminative Past Land Use 8 3.6.4 Historical Tanks 9 3.6.5 Energy Facilities 9 3.6.6 Potentially Infilled Land (Non Water) 9 3.6.7 Potentially Infilled Land (Water) 9 3.7 Natural Ground Movement 10 3.8 Radon Affected Areas 10 3.9 Hydrogeology 10 3.9.1 Hydrology 12 3.9.2 Water Abstractions 12 3.9.3 Discharge Consents 12 3.9.4 Floodplains 12

4.0 HISTORY OF THE SITE & SURROUNDING AREA 13

5.0 FIELD STUDIES 15 5.1 Site Reconnaissance 15 5.2 Main Site Features 15 5.3 Evidence of Geology 15 5.4 Vegetation and Invasive Weeds 15

- iii Nottinghamshire County Council Beardall Street, Hucknall July 2013 Phase 1 - Desk Top Study

5.5 Buildings, Structures, Plant & Machinery 16 5.6 Storage, Activities & Processes 16

6.0 ENVIRONMENTAL CONSULTATIONS 17 6.1 Pollution Incidents to Controlled Waters 17 6.2 Sensitive Land Uses 17 6.3 Historic Landfill Sites 17 6.4 Licensed Waste Management Facilities 17 6.5 Registered Waste Transfer Sites 17 6.6 Contemporary Trade Directories 17 6.7 Fuel Station Entries 18 6.8 Land Usage 18

7.0 CONTAMINATION APPRAISAL 20 7.1 Introduction 20 7.2 Guidance on Contamination Risk Assessment 20 7.3 Preliminary Conceptual Site Model 22 7.4 Risk Assessment Procedure 22 7.5 Identified Potential Sources and Contaminants 24 7.5 Identified Potential Receptors 25 7.7 Identified Potential Pathways 25 7.8 Potential Impacts 26 7.9 Demolition & Construction 26 7.9.1 Risks to Current & Future Site Users 26 7.9.2 Risks to Site Workers & Public 26 7.9.3 Risks to Controlled Waters 27 7.9.4 Excavated Material 27

8.0 PRELIMINARY RISK ASSESSMENT 32

9.0 CONCLUSIONS & RECOMMENDATIONS 33

REFERENCES 35

Figure 7: Site Location Plan Appendix 1 Figure 8: Existing Site Plan Figure 9: Land Use Plan Appendix 2 Site Photographs – Figures: 10 - 17 Appendix 3 Landmark Envirocheck Report Appendix 4 Coal Authority Mining Report & BGS Radon Report Appendix 5 Analytical Geotechnical; Site Investigation Report

- iv Nottinghamshire County Council Beardall Street, Hucknall July 2013 Phase 1 - Desk Top Study

1.0 INTRODUCTION

1.1 Project Brief

The Landscape & Reclamation Team of the Highways Division, Communities Department of Nottinghamshire County Council, was commissioned by Transport, Property and Environment to undertake and produce a Phase 1 - Geo-Environmental Desk Top Study, with recommendations for further investigation work if deemed necessary.

The purpose of the geo-environmental desktop study is to collect all relevant information in order that a 'conceptual site model' can be established. This model considers all potential contaminant sources, pathways and receptors, defined as a pollutant linkage. The conclusions of the report then makes recommendations for any further phases of assessment where considered necessary.

The site is represented by an approximately 2.4 Ha site, located on predominantly former agricultural land to be redeveloped for a new County Council School Facility.

1.2 Aims and Objectives

The aim of this report is to:

• Review existing environmental, geotechnical and historical information relating to the site; • Develop and rationalise a Preliminary Conceptual Site Model (PCSM) which identifies risks associated with potential land contamination; • Provide conclusions as to the perceived geo-environmental condition of the site with respect to ground related risks; • Make recommendations for any subsequent investigations deemed necessary.

1.3 Information Limitation

This report has been prepared using information obtained from recognised and published historical and environmental information sources. Nottinghamshire County Council has not independently validated the information supplied to it in the preparation of this report and is not liable for any errors or omissions in the data supplied.

1.4 Information Sources

The following sources of information have been used in the preparation of this desk study:-

• Landmark - Envirocheck Report including; Historical Maps, Historical Land Use, Sensitivity Maps, Data Sheets and a Geology Report, copies of which are presented in Appendix 3 (June 2013 ).

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• British Geological Survey Maps; 125 of Derby, (One inch to the mile scale), Solid and Drift Edition (1972). • Coal Authority Ground Stability Report; June 2013 (Appendix 4). • Client information, June 2013 . • Site walkover conducted by a Nottinghamshire County Council Representative, on 27 th June 2013

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2.0 Site Description

2.1 Location

The site (Figure 1) is located to the north-east of Hucknall Town Centre at NGR 454250/349670.

2.2 Description

The site occupies approximately 2.4 Ha of land, in the suburbs of Hucknall, approximately 1.4km north-east of Hucknall Town Centre. The study site lies on the crest of a shallow ridge, with the result that the proposed development is located on generally level ground with a slight fall from the south-west to north-east in the north- eastern section of the site and from north-to south in the south-western section of the site.

There are presently no permanent structures within the curtilage of the site with the majority of the area to the north-east representing former agricultural land with an adjacent playing field to the south-west. Isolated mature trees are found along the site boundary to the north-west and an established hedgerow separating the proposed school site from the established playing fields.

The site is bound to the north-west and south by established residential developments; however once the new housing development scheme is completed then the entire site will be enclosed by residential housing developments.

Access to the site is via a 1 No. vehicular gated access off of Papplewick Lane to the north-west and once completed via the main housing development spine road off of Wigwam Lane to the south-east.

Figure 1: Existing Site Layout

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2.3 Ownership

The facility is presently owned by Nottinghamshire County Council, for further information with regard to issues of ownership please contact;

Nottinghamshire County Council, Property Resources Department, County Hall, Company West-Bridgford, Nottingham, NG2 7QP. Contact Elizabeth Sanders Telephone 0115 977 2080 E Mail [email protected]

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3.0 ENVIRONMENTAL SETTING

3.1 Topography

From mapping and the site visit observations, the ground falls gently from north-west to south-east across the site.

3.2 Published Geology

3.2.1 BGS Mapping Information

The British Geological Survey Mapping Sheet 125 of Derby, (Scale: One inch to the mile) Solid and Drift Edition (1972); indicates the site to be underlain by the following stratigraphic sequence: • Surficial Geology; None Identified deposits on or adjacent to the site. • Solid Geology; The site stratigraphy is presented in Table 1.

Table 1; BGS Mapping Sheet 126 - Solid Geology AGE FORMATION LITHOLOGY Permian - Triassic Lower Magnesian Limestone Dolostone Upper Coal Measures Interbedded Mudstone, Carboniferous Middle Coal Measures Siltstone, Sandstone & Coal Lower Coal Measures Beds

The nearest fault lines potentially influencing this site are located approximately 990m to the west of the site, trending in a south-westerly to north-easterly orientation; however at this distance it is considered unlikely that any development on-site would be affected by this feature.

3.2.2 BGS Digital Map

Geological map extracts taken from the BGS Digital Geological map of Great Britain (Figure 2), indicates the site to be underlain by the following surficial & solid geological stratigraphic sequence: • Surficial Geology; None Identified deposits on or adjacent to the site. • Solid Geology; The site stratigraphy is presented in Table 2. . Table 2; BGS Digital Map - Solid Geology AGE FORMATION LITHOLOGY Zechstein Group; Cadeby Formation Dolostone Late Permian Mudstone & Zechstein Group; Edlington Formation Sandstone Bolsovian - Pennine Coal Measures Group; Upper Coal Westphalian Measures Formation Interbedded Duckmantian - Pennine Coal Measures Group; Middle Coal Mudstone, Siltstone, Bolsovian Measures Formation Sandstone & Coal Pennine Coal Measures Group; Lower Coal Beds Langsettian Measures Formation

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The nature, thickness and extent of the geology are not indicated in the above information.

There are no geological fault lines within influencing distance of this site.

Figure 2; Geological Map

N

KEY Age Formation Lithology Late Permian Sherwood Sandstone Group; to Sandstone Lenton Sandstone Formation Early Triassic Zechstein Group; Dolostone Cadeby Formation Late Permian Zechstein Group; Mudstone & Edlington Formation Sandstone

Fault Lines

3.3 BGS Borehole Records

No British Geological Survey Borehole Logs were referenced as part of this report.

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3.4 Previous Site Investigations

The most recent investigation of the site was undertaken by Analytical Geotechnics Ltd, in May 2013. The investigation involved the excavation of 23 No. trial pits across the north-eastern section of the site to a maximum depth of 2.8m.

The general ground conditions encountered comprised made ground, overlying silty/sandy clay, overlying Dolostone and Sandstone & Mudstone sequences.

Selected samples were analysed for a range of heavy metal contaminants, the results of the analysis revealed elevated lead in spoil stockpiles along the north- western boundary and elevated Benzo (a) Pyrene in a sample taken from a car park area to the north of the site.

Fill was encountered in 16 of the 23 trial holes undertaken to depths ranging from about 0.15m to about 1.5m. The greatest thickness of made ground was recorded within the north-western area, associated with on-site spoil heaps. The spoil heap material was described as consisting of soil with clay, some stone, brick, concrete, wood, wire, metal, plastic and tarmac.

Underlying the made ground, firm to stiff clay was encountered extending to depths of between about 1.3m and 2.8m bgl. The clay was often initially sandy and sometimes stony, but more generally silty. In colour, the clay tended to be predominantly reddish brown although with some light brown, orange-brown, grey, grey-green and yellow mottling. Within the north–western part of the site, the clay was underlain by a yellow and sometimes grey, sandy, broken Dolostone. Penetration into the Dolostone stratum was limited to no more than about 0.5m. Within the remainder of the site, the clay tended to grade down into a reddish brown, silty, clayey mudstone containing bands of red-brown and occasionally light brown, grey and yellow, generally fine grained sandstone and siltstone. Penetration into these strata ranged from about 0.2m to 1.3m.

No groundwater was encountered in any of the trial holes during the site work.

3.5 Estimation of Geological Conditions at the site

The site observation and mapping information, suggests the downward succession beneath the site would comprise;

• Topsoil/subsoil/made ground; (0 – 1.5m bgl) • Magnesian Limestone or Mudstone & Sandstone sequences (to depth)

It would be prudent to carry out an independent intrusive investigation to determine the downward succession beneath the site.

3.6 Geological Hazards

3.6.1 BGS Recorded Mineral Sites

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There are 7 No. recorded mineral operation identified within 1km (Table 3).

Table 3: BGS Recorded Mineral Sites Location Distance Site Name Operator Direction Type Status (NGR) (m) Hucknall Underground/ Unknown 454090/348940 616 South Ceased Colliery No.2 Coal Opencast Abbey Villa Unknown 453453/349555 698 West Ceased /Dolomite Beardall Street Opencast/ Unknown 453672/348956 793 South-West Ceased Gravel Pit Sand & Gravel Beardall Street Opencast/ Unknown 453774/348843 829 South-West Ceased Gravel Pit Sand & Gravel Opencast/ Butler’s Hill Unknown 453955/348675 906 South Ceased Sand & Gravel Butler’s Hill Opencast/ Unknown 454430/348620 946 South Ceased Brick Yard Clay & Shale Beardall Street Opencast Unknown 453792/348649 990 South-West Ceased Quarries /Dolomite

3.6.2 Coal Mining

The area is identified as being situated within a coal mining area and the site is therefore potentially affected by coal mining activities and as such a Coal Mining Report was obtained for the site (Appendix 4).

The site is located within the zone of likely physical influence from 5 No. seams of coal located at 180 to 640m depth, these seams were last worked in 1981.

The site is not within a likely zone of any present underground coal workings and there are presently no licences for this area to remove coal or any current plans to grant a licence to remove coal from beneath the site.

There are no identified hazards associated with shallow mining or from opencast sites.

The site itself has not been subject to coal mining related subsidence; however 2 No. properties within 50m of the site boundaries have been affected in the past.

3.6.3 Potentially Contaminative Past Land Use

The site is located within an area of historical industrial and commercial development and as such there have been a limited number of potentially contaminative land uses in the past. Within 500m of the site 15 No. potential sources of contamination were identified, (Table 4).

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Table 4: Potentially Contaminative Past Land Use Location Distance Era Use Direction (NGR) (m) Mapped Factory/Works (Sawmill / Lumber Yard) 453983/349553 171 South-West 1901 - 1921 Heap; Unknown Constituents 454470/349516 218 South-East 1955 - 1983 Allotment Gardens 454088/349593 226 West 1955 Railways 453933/349467 249 South-West 1983 Railways 453912/349501 253 South-West 1886 - 1983 Railways 453941/349418 270 South-West 1901 - 1955 Mining Coal/Lignite 453978/349353 292 South-West 1886 - 1955 Mineral Railway 454003/349293 327 South-West 1886 Laundries & Dry-cleaning 454078/349247 327 South 1921 Railways 453814/349700 355 West 1886 - 1983 Railways 453795/349715 366 West 1901 - 1955 Railways 453818/349356 406 South-West 1901 - 1955 Railways 453827/349339 408 South-West 1901 - 1955 Heap; Unknown Constituents 454202/349124 418 South 1955 - 1983 Mining Coal/Lignite 453793/349961 479 North-West 1886 - 1955 Factory/Works (Unspecified) 453873/349186 489 South-West 1983

3.6.4 Historical Tanks

There are no identified tanks (underground & surface) within 1km of the site.

3.6.5 Energy Facilities

There are no energy facilities recorded within 500m of the site.

3.6.6 Potentially Infilled Ground (Non- Water)

There are no identified infilled land areas within 500m of the site, which may potentially be a source of unidentified contamination.

3.6.7 Potentially Infilled Ground (Water)

There are 5 No. identified infilled water areas within 500m of the site, which may potentially be a source of unidentified contamination and ground instability (Table 5).

Table 5: Potentially Infilled Ground (Water) Location Distance Era Use Direction (NGR) (m) Mapped 453771/349526 384 West 1886 453820/349342 412 South-West 1886 Unknown Filled Ground 453819/349291 446 South-West 1886 (Water) 454237/350252 457 North 1955 453881/349201 471 South-West 1901

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3.7 Natural Ground Movement

The main variables associated with ground instability are assessed in Table 6.

Table 6: Ground Stability Hazards Collapsible Ground Very Low Hazard Compressible Ground No Hazard - Very Low Hazard Dissolution No Hazard Landslide No Hazard - Very Low Hazard Running Sand No Hazard - Very Low Hazard Shrinkage/Swelling of Clay No Hazard - Very Low Hazard

Ground stability hazards on site are classified as; No Hazard – Very Low Hazard.

3.8 Radon Affected Areas

The site is in a radon affected area, the site assessment suggests variability in radon hazard across the site, including; No protection measures are necessary, basic radon protection measures are necessary, basic radon protection measures are necessary with between 3 - 5% of homes above the action level and the site is within a lower probability area with less than 1% of homes above the action level.

The overall assessment for the site was therefore ambiguous and a BGS Radon Report was commissioned to assess the sites Radon Potential (June 2013). The BGS Report concluded; this property in a radon affected area. The answer to the standard enquiry on house purchase known as CON29 Standard Enquiry of Local Authority 3.13 Radon Gas: Location of the Property in a Radon Affected Area is that this property is in a Radon Affected Area as defined by Public Health England (PHE). The estimated probability of the property being above the Action Level for radon is: 3-5% (Intermediate Probability). With reference to BR211, Radon: Guidance on Protective Measures for New Dwellings, 2007 edition, it is recommended that any new development would require basic radon protection measures as part of their design.

3.9 Hydrogeology

The Groundwater Vulnerability Map (Figure 3) indicates the underlying geology, for the site, to be classified as a Major Aquifer, with soils classified as a having a high permeability. The Bedrock Aquifer plan denotes the site as lying over 2 No. types of bedrock aquifer. The north-western corner of the site is classified as a Principal Aquifer with the remainder of the site classified as a Secondary B Aquifer (Figure 4).

Principal Aquifer - These are layers of rock or drift deposits that have high intergranular and/or fracture permeability - meaning they usually provide a high level of water storage. They may support water supply and/or river base flow on a strategic scale. In most cases, principal aquifers are aquifers previously designated as major aquifers.

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Secondary B - predominantly lower permeability layers which may store and yield limited amounts of groundwater due to localised features such as fissures, thin permeable horizons and weathering. These are generally the water-bearing parts of the former non-aquifers.

The site does not fall within Source Protection Zone. The geology beneath the site has a high leaching potential, therefore groundwater resources beneath the site are considered vulnerable to surface development.

Figure 3: Groundwater Vulnerability Map

Figure 4: Bedrock Aquifers

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3.9.1 Hydrology

The nearest water course (an extended culvert) is located 283m to the south-west of the site, with the nearest surface water courses being Baker Brook 417m to the south-west and the River Leen approximately 580m north-east of the site. Due to their locations it is considered unlikely that these water features would potentially be affected by operations at the site. Based on the general topography of the site it is anticipated groundwater movement below the site is variable across the site with movement from the south-west to north-east in the north-eastern section of the site and from north to south in the south-western section of the site.

3.9.2 Water Abstractions

There are no recorded Water Abstraction Licenses relating to ground, surface or potable water resources, located within a 500m radius of the site.

3.9.3 Discharge Consents

There is 1 No. Discharge Consent registered within 500m of the site (Table 7).

Table 7: Discharge Consents Type of Discharge/ Distance Location Operator Direction Status Receiving Waters (m) (NGR) Severn Trent Public Sewage; Storm Sewage Overflow Water Ltd 432 453870/349260 South-West Pre- NRA Fresh water; Stream/River - River Leen (T/63/08784/O)

3.9.4 Floodplains

The Environment Agency (EA) indicative flood map indicates the site to fall outside of the extent of extreme flooding from rivers or the sea at the time of the EA assessment (Figure 5).

Figure 5: EA Flood Map

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4.0 History of the Site and Surrounding Area

A review of historical maps has been undertaken for the site and surrounding areas, Ordnance Survey Maps dating from 1884 – 2012 (Figure 6). The pertinent features and changes in land use over time are discussed below (Table 8).

All distances quoted are approximate and are taken from the approximate centre of the site. Potential contaminants associated with the on-site and surrounding historical industry are summarised in Tables 21 & 22 of this report.

Table 8: Site Development The earliest O/S map 1884, display the site as arable farmland, to the north-east of 1880’s Hucknall Town Centre. The nearest development to the site is a railway (Mansfield to to Nottingham) located to the west of the site orientated in a north-westerly to south- 1890’s easterly direction, with Linby Colliery located to the north-west and Hucknall Colliery to the south. The O/S mapping information from the 1900’s still displays the site as arable farmland; however across the surrounding area both Linby and Hucknall Collieries 1900’s have expanded and the Portland Works (a lumber mill) has opened to the south-west. to By the 1930’s there is little discernible change to the site itself; however isolated 1930’s residential housing developments are beginning to encroach upon the site along Papplewick Lane to the west and Oaken Hall Avenue to the south-east and the Portland Works appears to have ceased production and the site cleared. There are no available OS maps for the area during the 1940’s; however even by the 1950’s there is little discernible change to the site or across the surrounding area. 1940’s The only development appears to be the continued expansion of Linby Colliery to the to north-west and Hucknall Colliery to the south-east, with the first deposits of the 1950’s adjacent spoil heap to the east of the site indicated. There are also 2 No. allotment gardens marked, the first directly west of the site along Papplewick Lane and the second to the south-east beyond the housing along Oaken Hall Avenue. Significant changes begin to occur around the site during the 1960’s, the 1966 O/S map indicates the site still utilised as arable farmland; however to the north and north-west an extensive residential housing estate has been built along Papplewick 1960’s Lane, and residential housing is now indicated on the site of both the former Portland Works and allotment gardens. In addition the spoil heaps associated with both Linby and Hucknall Collieries have significantly expanded. Between 1970 and 2000 there appears no discernible change to either the site or 1970’s immediate surroundings, with the obvious exception of the adjacent colliery sites to which attain their greatest extent during the 1990’s before the collieries are closed and 2000’s the spoil heaps redeveloped as public open space. The most significant development affecting the site begins towards the end of the 2010’s 2000’s with the redevelopment of agricultural land to the north-east of the site for to residential housing. Thereafter the general area of arable land is designated for re- Present development which will eventually encompass the proposed school site with residential housing developments.

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Figure 6: O/S Map Information

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5.0 Field Studies

5.1 Site Reconnaissance

Phase I Environmental Assessment of the site was undertaken by Nottinghamshire County Council on 27th June 2013 . A summary of key points is given below with reference to photographs presented in Appendix 2.

5.2 Main Site Features

The approximately 2.4 Ha site comprises the proposed location of a Nottinghamshire County Council School facility situated north-east of Hucknall Town Centre. The facility will be built within a wider residential housing development on former agricultural land, which has not been previously developed.

The only areas of hardstanding identified within the curtilage of the site is a bituminous surfaced carpark located to the north-west of the development area and a bituminous access track connecting the carpark to the established playing field, which runs along the north-western section of the site.

The study site lies on the crest of a shallow ridge, with the result that the proposed development is located on generally level ground with a slight fall from the south- west to north-east in the north-eastern section of the site and from north-to south in the south-western section of the site.

The entire site is secured with security fencing, with 1 No. vehicular, gated entrance to the north off of Papplewick Lane to the north-west and a further access available along the housing development spine road off of Wigwam Lane to the south-east.

The site lies within a largely residential area, with commercial/light industrial areas beyond the surrounding housing to the south-west, with open agricultural land beyond the new housing to the north-east and a former colliery spoil heap to the south-east which has been reclaimed and landscaped to create a golf course.

5.3 Evidence of Geology

In areas of soft landscaping the site appear to be covered in sandy/loamy topsoil; however no evidence of the natural ground conditions or geology could be discerned during the site walkover, except within the spoil generated from recent trial pits, undertaken across the site. This spoil revealed a red sandy/clayey soil matrix with fragments of sandstone identifiable within the matrix.

5.4 Vegetation and Invasive Weeds

The site area is at present split between an established and well maintained isolated playing field to the south-west, separated by an established hedgerow from the main school development area to the north-east. The latter area is presently overgrown farmland with scrub and self-set trees growing across it. To the north-west along the

4025078/ Beardall St /phase1 deskstudy.doc 15 Nottinghamshire County Council Beardall Street, Hucknall July 2013 Phase 1 - Desk Top Study boundary with the established residential housing there are isolated mature trees and hedgerows. No invasive weeds, such as Japanese Knotweed or Himalayan Balsam, were noted during the site walk over.

5.5 Buildings, Structures, Plant and Machinery

There are presently no buildings, structures plant or machinery utilising this site, although there is strong evidence of plant movement and surface impact associated with the surrounding new residential developments.

5.6 Storage Activities and Processes

There are presently no storage activities or processes occurring on this site; however as previously mentioned the surface of the proposed development appears to have been impacted by the surrounding housing development scheme.

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6.0 ENVIRONMENTAL CONSULTATIONS

6.1 Pollution Incidents to Controlled Waters

There is 1 No. Pollution Incident to Controlled Waters within 500m, (Table 9).

Table 9: Pollution Incidents to Controlled Waters Pollutant Receiving Water Distance (m) Location (NGR) Incident Severity Oils; Diesel Not Given 352 454300/349200 Cat 3; Minor Incident

6.2 Sensitive Land Uses

There are sensitive land uses within 500m of the site; with an area of adopted green belt located 203m to the south-east and the site lying wholly within a Nitrate Vulnerable Zone (NVZ).

6.3 Historic Landfill Sites

There are no historic landfill sites identified within 1km of the site (Table 12).

6.4 Licensed Waste Management Facilities

There is 1 No. Licensed Waste Management Facilities, within 500m (Table 10).

Table 10: Licensed Waste Management Facilities Name/Location Distance (m) Location (NGR) Direction Waste Type Status

Industrial, South Herts Waste Management Surrendered 338 453980/349296 South Commercial & Ltd., Baths Lane (43026) (2002) Household

6.5 Registered Waste Transfer Sites

There are 2 No. Registered Waste Transfer Sites, within 500m of the site (Table 11).

Table 11: Registered Waste Transfer Sites Name/Location Distance (m) Location (NGR) Direction Waste Status South Herts Waste Management Bonded Ltd., Baths Lane Asbestos, Closed (4/92/270/54NW/M2) 334 453980/349300 South Household, Waste Notts Ltd., Baths Lane Waste for Superseded (4/92/270/54NW/M2) Recycling

6.6 Contemporary Trade Directories

There are a number potentially contaminative commercial activities occurring within influencing distance of the site (Table 12). There are 19 No. entries in the contemporary trade directory within 500m of the site; 12 No. In-Active and 7 No. Active.

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Table 12: Contemporary Trade Directory Name Distance (m) Location (NGR) Direction Operation Status Notts 4x4 Ltd 174 453978/349565 West Car Dealership In-Active Croft Auto Centre 187 453999/349478 South-West Garage Services Active Central Garage (Hucknall) Ltd 227 453944/349494 South-West Garage Services Active Exhaust/ Central Fast Fit 227 453944/349494 South-West In-Active Shock Absorbers SOS Tyres & Autocare Ltd 228 453944/349494 South-West Garage Services Active 247 International Ltd 289 453996/349919 North-West Manufacturer Active J J Reilly 323 454192/349220 South Road Haulage In-Active Car Breaker/ Woody’s Auto Dismantlers 336 454205/349206 South In-Active Dismantlers G P Associates 346 454217/349196 South Fencing Manufacturer In-Active Cleaning Materials Chemex 381 454208/349161 South In-Active & Equipment B K Services 332 454386/350103 North Fascias & Soffits Active Toughscaff Contracts 377 453939/349276 South-West Scaffolding In-Active Cleaning Services; Red Kite Cleaning 379 454693/349919 North-East Active Domestic S Ford (Nottm.) Ltd 406 454277/349140 South Road Haulage In-Active Paul Bellamy 439 453780/349860 West Asphalt Contractor In-Active Shop Fitting Hardis Joinery 448 454232/349094 South In-Active Manufacturer J B Direct Deliveries Ltd 452 453715/349468 West Distribution Services Active R Dykes 484 453748/349319 South-West Joinery Manufacturer In-Active Morris Owen 485 453916/350134 North-West Domestic Appliances In-Active

6.7 Fuel Station Entries

There are 3 No. fuel filling station entries within 1km of the site (Table 13). These are located at distances whereby influence on the study site would be deemed unlikely.

Table 13: Fuel Station Entries Name/Operator Status Category Location (NGR) Distance (m) Direction

Tesco Hucknall Extra Open Hypermarket 453861/349213 474 South-West

Hucknall Service Station Obsolete N/A 453930/348860 741 South

Portland Road Obsolete N/A 453907/348838 770 South Service Station

6.8 Land Usage

Figure 9 (Appendix 1), presents the differing types of land use around the study site.

The site is located within a residential housing area, with established residential developments located directly west, north and south of the development area and a new residential estate being built to the south, east, north and north-east.

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There are areas of commercial/light industrial development beyond the housing to west and south-west of the site, with agricultural land beyond the housing to the north, north-east, and a reclaimed colliery spoil tip now utilised as a golf course to the east.

It may be concluded therefore that the study site is situated within an urbanised, mixed use environment, within which past and present off-site activities would be deemed likely to have the potential to adversely impact the site.

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7.0 CONTAMINATION APPRAISAL

7.1 Introduction

The UK, as an industrial society, has a considerable legacy of land affected by contamination resulting from past land uses, particularly during the period of the industrial revolution, but also resulting from natural and diffuse sources. Contaminated land can potentially present a risk to receptors such as humans, flora and fauna, controlled waters and property. It can also present a risk of potential liability to landowners or prospective purchasers.

Part 2A was introduced into the Environmental Protection Act 1990 by the Environment Act 1995, amended April 2012, to help deal with the contaminated land legacy and address “unacceptable risks” by employing the principle of risk assessment, i.e. the risk of a contaminant source polluting or harming an identified receptor, via a given pathway. This risk has to be identified as causing a significant possibility of significant harm to the receptor. Further details are presented in the Statutory Guidance by Defra. Under Part 2A, Local Authorities (usually the Environmental Health Officer) have duties and powers to identify, and enforce the remediation of, contaminated land. In some cases Local Authorities may serve a remediation notice but in the majority of cases it is expected that the enforcement of remediation requirements will be through planning conditions and building control. The Environment Agency may assist in identifying contaminated land, in particular where controlled waters may be impacted. Within Nottinghamshire these responsibilities lie with the District and City Councils not Nottinghamshire County Council.

With respect to the planning system in England new guidance was released in March 2012, the National Planning Policy Framework (NPPF) which supersedes but continues the approach to contaminated land issues laid out in Planning Policy Statement 23 (PPS23). PPS23 states that any consideration of the quality of land, air or water and potential impacts arising from development, possibly leading to impacts on health, is capable of being a material planning consideration, in so far as it arises or may arise from or may affect any land use. PPS23 Annex 2 further sets out the relationship of the contaminated land regime under Part 2A to the planning system and application of the Part 2A approach to risks posed by ‘land affected by contamination’.

7.2 Guidance on Contamination Risk Assessment

Part 2A focuses on the identification and remediation of contaminated land, and applies where there are unacceptable risks assessed on the basis of the current use of the site (including any use with the benefit of planning permission). It is not directed to assessing risks in relation to a future land use that would require a specific grant of planning permission. For planning purposes, it is required that the contamination risk assessment and remediation requirements should be considered on the basis of the site’s current use and circumstances and also the future use of the site. The role of the owner or developer is to determine whether land is suitable for any future development or can be made suitable by remediation.

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The risk management approach taken should be applicable to a range of non- regulatory and regulatory contexts, including;

• Development or redevelopment of land under the planning regime; • Regulatory Part 2A of the Environmental Protection Act 1990; • Planning Policy Statement 23 Planning & Pollution Control with reference to Annex 2: Development on land affected by contamination; • Voluntary investigation and remediation; and • Managing potential liabilities of those responsible for individual sites or portfolios of sites.

In the context of land contamination there are three elements to a given risk;

• Contaminant ; • Receptor ; and a • Pathway.

All three elements can exist independently but, without the three being linked there is no risk. A pollutant linkage is formed when a contaminant affects a receptor through a given pathway. If a pollutant linkage exists on site there is a risk, and if realised may result in;

• A potential liability under current environmental legislation including Part 2A of the Environmental Protection Act 1990 (if ‘significant harm’ or the ‘possibility of significant harm’ is occurring) or Groundwater Regulations 1998. • Redevelopment of the site, could lead to risks to new property, site personnel and, if no intervention, future occupiers from existing contamination. These risks would have to be mitigated under the planning regime. • Liabilities associated with pollution of adjacent land and damage to adjacent property.

More detailed information on risk assessments is contained in various reports published by the Environment Agency and DEFRA including;

• Contaminated Land Reports (CLR 7 to 10).

These reports have now been withdrawn and replaced by Toxological Reports, published by the EA in 2009;

• Science Report SC050021/SR2; Human Health Toxological Assessment of Contamination in Soils. • Science Report SC050021/SR3; Technical Background - CLEA Model. • Science Report SC050021/SR4; CLEA software (v.1.06) Handbook. • The Model Procedures - Management of Land Contamination (CLR 11). The Model Procedures (CLR11) provides a framework on which preliminary risk assessment, and any subsequent risk assessments deemed necessary, are based.

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7.3 Preliminary Conceptual Site Model

The first stage in the assessment of a site is the derivation of a Preliminary Conceptual Site Model (PCSM). This represents the characteristics of the site, in a written or tabulated form, considering all possible sources of contamination, all potential receptors and whether there is a plausible pathway between the two.

The Schematic Conceptual Site Model (SCSM) illustrates the CSM in a diagrammatic pictorial form. The CSM and SCSM should be refined, or revised, as a greater understanding of the site characteristics is established throughout the risk assessment process. A SCSM has not been developed for this site.

7.4 Risk Assessment Procedure

By considering the sources, pathways and receptors (pollutant linkages), an assessment of the human health/ environmental risks is made with reference to the significance and degree of the risk. This assessment is based on consideration of whether the source contamination can reach a receptor and hence whether it is of major or minor significance. The risks associated with construction materials are considered outside this procedure and the risk from ground gas has not been assessed in this report.

The risk assessment has been undertaken with reference to BS10175:2001 and CIRIA Document C552: Contaminated Land Risk assessment ‘A Guide to Good Practice’.

The risk assessment has been carried out by assessing the severity of the potential consequence, taking into account both the potential severity of the hazard and the sensitivity of the target, based on the categories given in Table 14.

Table 14: Potential Hazard Severity Definition Category Definition • Acute risks to human health; Severe • Catastrophic damage to buildings/property; • Major pollution of controlled waters. • Chronic risk to human health; • Medium Pollution of sensitive controlled waters; • Significant effects on sensitive ecosystems or species; • Significant damage to buildings or structures. • Mild Pollution of non-sensitive waters; • Minor damage to buildings or structures. • Requirement for protective equipment during site works to Minor mitigate health effects; • Damage to non-sensitive ecosystems or species.

The likelihood of an event (probability) takes into account both the presence of the hazard and target and the integrity of the pathway and has been assessed based on the categories given in Table 15.

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Table 15: Probability of Risk Definition Category Definition High • Pollutant linkage may be present; Likelihood ‹ Risk certain to occur in long term, or evidence of harm to the receptor. • Likely Pollutant linkage may be present; ‹ Probable that the risk will occur over the long term. Low • Pollutant linkage may be present; Likelihood ‹ Possibility of the risk occurring, although there is no certainty that it will. • Unlikely Pollutant linkage may be present; ‹ Circumstances under which harm would occur are improbable.

The potential severity of the risk and the probability of the risk occurring have been combined in accordance with the following matrix to give a level of risk for each potential hazard as listed in Table 16.

Table 16: Level of Risk for Potential Hazard Definition Potential severity Probability of risk Severe Medium Mild Minor High Likelihood Very high High Moderate Low/Moderate Likely High Moderate Low/Moderate Low Low Likelihood Moderate Low/Moderate Low Very low Unlikely Low/Moderate Low Very low Very low

The assessment is discussed in terms of plausible pollutant linkages. A complete assessment of the pollutant linkages is presented in Tables 24 & 25. A description of these risk classifications and likely action required are given in CIRIA 552, these risk classifications are listed in Table 17.

Table 17: Risk Classification Risk Classification • High probability that severe harm could arise to a receptor from an identified Very hazard or there is evidence that severe harm to a designated receptor is currently happening. High • This risk, if realised, is likely to result in substantial liability. • Urgent investigation and remediation are likely to be required. • Harm is likely to arise to a designated receptor from an identified hazard. • High This risk, if realised, is likely to result in substantial liability. • Urgent investigation is required; remedial works may be necessary in the short term and are likely over the long term. • It is possible that harm could arise to a designated receptor from an identified hazard; However, it is either relatively unlikely that any such harm would be severe, or if any harm were to occur it is more likely that the harm would be Moderate relatively mild. • Investigation is normally required to clarify risks and determine potential liability. • Some remedial works may be required in the long term. • It is possible that harm could arise to a designated receptor from an identified Low hazard but it is likely that this harm, if realised, would at worst normally be mild. Very • It is a low possibility that harm could arise to a designated receptor. Low • In the event of such harm being realised it is not likely to be severe.

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7.5 Identified Potential Sources and Contaminants

The following potential on-site and adjacent sources of contamination have been identified and their associated contaminants have been outlined in Table 18 &19.

Table 18: Identified Potential Sources & Contaminants On-Site Sources Potential Contaminants Asbestos Building Paints; lead, Sulphates, Development Spoil Heaps, Building & Fuels; Coal, Oil, Paraffin (PAH’s), Impacts Demolition Materials Bituminous Materials, Boiler Ash, (On Site) Metals & Metalloids; lead, zinc, copper, etc. Asbestos.

Table 19: Identified Potential Sources & Contaminants Off-Site Sources Potential Contaminants Metals & Metalloids; lead, zinc, copper, etc. Fuels; Coal, Oil, Paraffin (PAH’s), Allotment Gardens Pesticides & Herbicides, Asbestos, Pathogens. Fuels; petrol, diesel, & lubricating oils (PAH’s), Garage Services/ MTBE’s, Car Body Repairs/ Detergents, Anti-Freeze, Car Dealership/ Brake Fluid, Exhaust & Shock Solvents, Paints; lead, chromates, esters, polyurethane, ketones, Absorbers/ VOC’S etc., Vehicle Dismantlers Metals & Metalloids; lead, zinc, copper, etc., Asbestos. Metals & Metalloids; lead, zinc, copper, etc. Inorganic compounds, Acids/Alkalis, Factory/Works (Unspecified) Organic Solvents, PCB’s, Fuels; petrol, diesel, & lubricating oils (PAH’s) Asbestos, Past & Present Metals & Metalloids; lead, zinc, copper, etc., Inorganic compounds, Usage Acids/Alkalis, (Off Site) Sawmill Asbestos, Organic Solvents, Lumber Yard Preservatives, PCB’s, Dioxins & Furans, Fuels; Coal, Oil (PAH’s). Boiler Ash, Metals & Metalloids; lead, zinc, copper, etc., Fuels; petrol, diesel, & lubricating oils (PAH’s), Quarrying Ground Gas (Infilled Ground - CO2, CH 4 etc.), Leachate (generated within deposited waste). Ground Gas (CO 2, CH 4, etc.), Unknown Filled Ground Leachate. Aliphatic & Aromatic Hydrocarbons (Diesel/ Fuel/ Oil), Polychlorinated Biphenyls, Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons, Solvents, Ethylene Glycol, Railway Land Creosote, Herbicides. Ferrous Residues & Metal Fines Asbestos, Ash Sulphates.

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Metals & Metalloids; lead, zinc, copper, etc. Inorganic/ Organic Compounds, Arsenic, Ammonia, Aliphatic & Aromatic Hydrocarbons (Diesel/ Fuel/ Oil), Mining Coal & Lignite/ Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons, Heap unknown Constituents BTEX, Polychlorinated Biphenyl’s, Phenol Tars, Sulphides, Sulphates, Asbestos.

7.6 Identified Potential Receptors

The following receptors have been considered to be currently present on and off the site or likely to be present in the future, given the development proposals (Table 20).

Table 20: Identified Potential Receptors Category Receptor Types

End Users Of Site Employees & Other Occupiers (Present & Future) Construction Workers Workers; Demolition, Groundworks & Construction Humans Occupants of Adjacent Sites Employees, Residents & Other Occupiers. Structures Basements, Foundations & Services (Present & Future) Property Adjacent Structures Residential (Present & Future) Water Course Culvert; 283m south-west, Baker Lane Brook 417m South- Controlled west & River Lean 660m north-east Principal & Secondary Waters Beneath & adjacent to the Site Aquifers Vegetation Soft Landscaping School/Residential Gardens, Trees, Plants & Grassed Areas

7.7 Identified Potential Pathways

All plausible pathways between the potential contaminants and the receptors both on & off site, i.e. contaminant-pathway-receptor linkages, have been identified and are outlined in Table 21 & 22, the Preliminary Conceptual Site Model.

Potential human exposure to contaminants is feasible through four principal pathways as defined in the CLEA guidance;

• Ingestion of Soils/Dust/Groundwater; • Dermal Contact with Soils/Dust/Groundwater; • Outdoor/Indoor inhalation of dust and/or vapours; • Consumption of home grown vegetables and soils attached

Current ground cover at the site is a mix of hard standing and soft landscaping. It is understood re-development of the site would retain a significant element of hard standing around this facility, this would reduce human exposure (site users) to potential contaminants; however the proposed re-development of the site will expose ground/construction workers to potentially contaminated soils and the risk to these individuals is therefore significantly increased.

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7.8 Potential Impacts

The elements of the proposed re-development that may potentially mobilise contaminant sources and impact receptors are described in this section and tabulated in Table 23. The most significant potential impacts to arise during demolition/construction, without appropriate environmental controls are identified as;

• Mobilisation of potential contamination to air/groundwater from contaminated soils during ground/construction works. • Creation of new pathways by removal of hardstanding, excavations and installation of foundations/services. • Contamination from accidental spillage of fuels/chemicals used/stored on site. • Mobilisation of potential contaminants from the demolition and removal of building materials. • Health & Safety hazards to construction workforce whilst working with potentially contaminated materials.

7.9 Demolition & Construction

7.9.1 Risks to Current & Future Site Users

The site is presently composed of a significant element of soft landscaping; however the final development will incorporate a significant proportion hardstanding around the main school facility, which significantly reduces the risk of direct contact with potentially contaminated materials within the underlying ground; however there remains a risk to site users from;

• Direct/Indirect Inhalation • Ingestion/Contact with contaminants

The overall risk is considered Very Low ; however the risk remains nonetheless.

Provided adequate investigation and appropriate remediation works are undertaken, i.e. the removal of potential contaminant sources and/or the breaking of contaminant pathways, the potential risk to residents health at this site is considered; Very Low .

7.9.2 Risks to Site Workers & Public

In the absence of appropriate mitigation i.e. the use of appropriate Personal Protective Equipment (PPE) for construction workers, potential contamination at the site may present a risk to site workers. The greatest hazards would occur during the excavation phase of the works. The implementation of protection measures for construction workers as required by legislation i.e. use of PPE and adherence to Standard Practice Management methods would reduce the risk of;

• Direct/Indirect Inhalation • Ingestion/Contact with contaminants • Ground Gas • Contaminated surface water (run-off)

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Assuming adequate and appropriate safety controls are in place the potential risk to construction workers is considered; Very Low .

The Perimeter of the site should be secured to prevent unauthorised access to the site during re-development works standard environmental controls should also be employed to control dust generation during the works. Assuming adequate and appropriate controls are in place the potential risk to public health is considered; Very Low .

7.9.3 Risks to Controlled Waters

Some forms of construction may inadvertently create preferential pathways along which groundwater may permeate, flowing both vertically and horizontally. The consequence of this would be a significant increase in the risk of contamination/pollution and changes to the groundwater quality.

Excavations, foundation design and installation of services should take into consideration the potential for increased mobility of contamination associated with subsurface works. There is the possibility of fine particles/suspended solids in surface water run-off from the site generated by fuel/chemical spills, hazardous construction materials and/or placement of concrete. Without adequate environmental management controls such run-off could potentially adversely affect ground/surface waters and soils.

There are a number of watercourses is located around the site with a Culvert; 283m south-west, Baker Lane Brook 417m south-west & River Lean 660m north-east. Although relatively close to the development it is considered that any works on-site would be unlikely to potentially impact these feature.

The site is located above both Principal and Secondary B aquifers with high leachability soils and should be considered during re-development to ensure they are not adversely impacted by works on-site.

Provided adequate protection measures and safe working practices are implemented the environmental effect on controlled waters would be considered; Very Low - Low.

7.9.4 Excavated Material

It is not anticipated that any redevelopment works would include the excavation of basements. Excavations would be confined to foundations and services, therefore generating a relatively small volume of material; however the identification of adversely impacted spoil deposits to the north-west of the development area may mean that a significant amount of material may need to be removed from site.

Excavated materials from the site should be tested to determine any associated hazardous properties and Waste Acceptance Criteria as well as its classification under the Landfill Regulations, 2002 (England & Wales), Hazardous Waste Regulations 2005, and The Waste Regulations 2011. Excavated arisings should be carefully controlled and managed to prevent the release of any potential

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Table 21: Preliminary Conceptual Model of Potential Pollutant Linkages On-Site Sources Contaminants Potential Pathways Current Receptors Future Receptors

• Inhalation • Humans: Current users of the site • Humans: Future users of the site Metals & Metalloids • Ingestion and construction workers. and construction workers. • Surface water runoff • Vertical and lateral groundwater migration • Humans: Current users of the site • Humans: Current users of the site • Direct contact and construction workers. and construction workers. Inorganic / Organic compounds • Inhalation • Controlled Waters: Principal • Controlled waters: Principal • Ingestion aquifer, river catchment. aquifer, river catchment. • Dermal Contact • Surface water runoff • Vertical and lateral groundwater migration • Controlled Waters: Principal & • Controlled waters: Principal & Fuels (TPH & PAH’s) • Direct contact Secondary aquifer, river catchment. Secondary, river catchment. Building Development • Inhalation • Humans: Current users of the site • Humans: Future users of the site • Ingestion and construction workers. and construction workers. Surrounding Site • Dermal Contact • Surface water runoff • Controlled waters: Principal & • Controlled Waters: Principal & • Vertical and lateral groundwater migration Secondary aquifer, river Secondary aquifer, river catchment. • Direct contact catchment. Sulphates • Concrete substructure and service • • Concrete substructure and service Aggressive attack. pipes. pipes. • Humans: Current users of the site • Humans: Current users of the site • Inhalation Asbestos and construction workers. and construction workers.

• Inhalation • Humans: Current users of the site • Humans: Future users of the site • Ingestion Paints and construction workers. and construction workers. • Dermal Contact

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Table 22: Preliminary Conceptual Model of Potential Pollutant Linkages Off-Site Sources Contaminants Potential Pathways Current Receptors Future Receptors • Surface water runoff • Controlled Waters: Principal & Secondary, river • Controlled Waters: Principal & Secondary • Vertical and lateral groundwater catchment. aquifer, river catchment. Sulphates • Direct contact • Concrete substructure and service pipes. • Concrete substructure and service pipes. • Aggressive attack.

• Humans: Current users of the site and construction • Humans: Current users of the site and • Inhalation Asbestos workers. construction workers.

• Inhalation • Humans: Current users of the site and construction • Humans: Future users of the site and • Ingestion Paints workers. construction workers. • Dermal Contact Allotment Gardens • Inhalation • Humans: Current users of the site and construction • Humans: Future users of the site and Garage Services Metals & Metalloids • Ingestion workers. construction workers. Car Body Repairs • Surface water runoff • Vertical and lateral groundwater migration • Humans: Current users of the site and construction • Humans: Current users of the site and Car Dealership Inorganic / Organic • Direct contact workers. construction workers. Vehicle Breakers Compounds • Inhalation • Controlled waters: Principal & Secondary, river • Controlled Waters: Principal & Secondary, • Ingestion catchment. river catchment. Exhaust & Shock Absorbers • Dermal Contact • Surface water runoff • Controlled Waters: Principal & Secondary, river • Controlled Waters: Principal & Secondary Railways • Vertical and lateral groundwater catchment. aquifer, river catchment. Acids/Alkalis/ • Direct contact Mining Coal & Lignite • Concrete substructure and service pipes. • Concrete substructure and service pipes. • Aggressive attack. Solvents • Humans: Current users of the site and construction • Humans: Future users of the site and Heap unknown Constituents • Ingestion workers. construction workers. Sawmill/Lumber Yard • Dermal Contact • Surface water runoff Factory/Works (Unspecified) • Vertical and lateral groundwater migration • Controlled Waters: Principal & Secondary aquifer, river • Controlled Waters: Principal & Secondary General Quarrying Fuels • Direct contact catchment. aquifer, river catchment. (TPH & PAH’s) • Inhalation • Humans: Current users of the site and construction • Humans: Future users of the site and Infilled Land (Water) • Ingestion workers. construction workers. • Dermal Contact • Surface water runoff • Vertical and lateral groundwater migration • Controlled Waters: Principal & Secondary aquifer, river • Controlled Waters: Principal & Secondary • Direct contact catchment. aquifer, river catchment. PCB’s / MTBE’s • Inhalation • Humans: Current users of the site and construction • Humans: Future users of the site and • Ingestion workers. construction workers. • Dermal Contact • Humans: Current users of the site and construction • Humans: Future users of the site and • Inhalation Landfill Gas workers. construction workers. • Controlled Waters: Principal & Secondary aquifer, river • Controlled Waters: Principal & Secondary • Surface water runoff catchment. aquifer, river catchment. • Vertical and lateral groundwater migration • Humans: Current users of the site and construction • Humans: Future users of the site and Leachate • Direct contact workers. construction workers. • Aggressive attack. • Concrete substructure and service pipes. • Concrete substructure and service pipes.

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Table 23: Potential Impacts at the Site Severity Post Potential Receptors Pathways Significance Pre-Mitigation Mitigation Mitigation Direct/Indirect Site Employees Ingestion Low - Moderate; Measures incorporated in the Code of Construction Low & Other Users Inhalation Demolition & Construction works may cause Practice, limit the generation of dust on site. Direct Contact elevated levels of dust both on site and the Chemical testing of soil samples from borehole/trial pits, surrounding area. Humans Surrounding Occupants Indirect inhalation with appropriate mitigation. Very Low It is envisaged the redevelopment would be largely Chemical & Physical specification that all imported hardstanding / buildings, thereby significantly Direct/Indirect material is suitable for the site, including appropriate Construction Ingestion reducing the risk of direct contact with ground validation testing. Low Workers Inhalation contamination. Direct Contact A Site Investigation should be undertaken with Chemical testing. Identified contaminants should be remediated Low; thereby reducing contaminant concentrations from Drinking Water Pipes Direct contact Existing water pipes should be removed with re- Very Low beneath the site. development if aggressive contaminants present Suitable measures introduced to ensure safe drinking water supply i.e. contaminant resistant pipes. Remediation techniques reduce contaminant Low; Property Direct Contact concentrations from beneath the site. Buried Concrete All sub-surface structures including concrete Very Low A concrete standard should be adopted to reflect Aggressive Attack removed with development if aggressive potential residual contaminant concentrations. contaminants present

Very Low; Foundation design should take into consideration Structural Ground Settlement Confirmed with structural assessment of buildings & Very Low potential ground movement. infrastructure.

Contaminant sources should be removed from site. Site Vertical & Lateral Investigation & Assessment required assessing risk of Controlled Principal & Secondary identified contaminants on groundwater quality within migration Low- Moderate; Waters Aquifers aquifers. Consultation should be made with the EA. If of contaminants in Suitable drainage design to minimise impact on Low & and Surface Water deemed necessary soil & groundwater remediation can Ground/Surface controlled waters adjacent to site. Drainage Catchment Areas be included in the mitigation strategy for the site. The Waters implementation of these remedial measures would protect the aquifer.

Low; Soft There is no evidence of phytotoxic impact on Vegetation Root Uptake existing vegetation. Redevelopment would be Source Removal Very Low Landscaping largely hardstanding with only minimal soft landscaping

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8.0 Preliminary Risk Assessment

There is a low potential for contamination at the site resulting from past/present adjacent operations that may have impinged/impacted the site. Plausible pollutant linkages have been identified and therefore, there is a requirement to undertake a risk assessment. The main risks identified from the desk study are in the form of the pollutant linkages identified in the preliminary conceptual site model above.

There are identified sources of potential contamination at this site; the risk of hazard or potential liability associated with contaminant migration from on-site sources to off-site receptors is considered to be; Very Low.

A number of potential sources of contamination were identified adjacent to the site which may impinge upon the site. The risk of hazard or potential liability associated with contaminant migration from the surrounding area onto the site is considered to be; Low.

The site is to be redeveloped with a significant hardstanding element; therefore the risk of harm to long term human health from potential contamination existing at the site is considered to be; Very Low.

The site is located above both a Principal Aquifer and a Secondary B Aquifer. The permeable nature of the soils should be determined by future intrusive works. The site is Not located within a Source Protection Zone; however it Does lie within a nitrate vulnerable area. In due consideration of the above, the risk to controlled waters from potential contamination existing at the site is considered to be; Low.

The overall risk associated with the site given the current development proposals is considered to be; Very Low - Low.

As the risk assessment is based on a PCSM, and hence a prediction of a risk, if the identified potential contamination sources are not present, the risk will not exist, and no intervention in the form of remedial measures would be considered necessary.

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9.0 CONCLUSIONS & RECOMMENDATIONS

The desk study has identified very limited potential contaminant sources both on and off of the study site. There are therefore potential risks of hazard and liabilities related to future development at this site.

These hazards and liabilities are related to potential contamination associated with the following:

On-Site land uses, which are considered potentially contaminative; • Spoil Heaps, Building & Demolition Materials

Off-Site land uses, which are considered potentially contaminative; • Allotment Gardens • Garage Services • Car Body Repairs • Car Dealership • Exhaust & Shock Absorbers • Vehicle Dismantlers • Railways • Mining Coal & Lignite • Heap unknown Constituents • Factory/Works (Unspecified) • Saw Mill/ Lumber Yard • General Quarrying • Infilled Land (Water)

There are NO significant geotechnical constraints associated with ground stability hazards relating to the site.

Current information indicates NO risk to the study site associated with river flooding; however it is recommended a more detailed flood risk assessment is undertaken independent of this report, to properly assess this potential hazard.

Current information does NOT indicate a risk to the property associated with mining subsidence, and/or past, present or future coal extraction activities; however 2 No. properties within 50m of the site boundaries have been affected by subsidence in the past.

There is NO evidence to suggest past or present activity on this site would generate ground gas from buried wastes or other putrescible materials; however there IS a potential for migration of landfill gas to the site from a number of areas of infilled land surrounding the site.

Radon IS considered as an issue at this site with the recommendation that the basic radon protection measures would be required in any potential new development.

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There is NO evidence to suggest off-site migration of potential contaminants to surrounding residential developments is occurring.

Recommendations based on the geo-environmental assessment of the study site include;

The most recent site investigation failed to examine the analysed samples for asbestos containing materials (ACM’s). Given that the spoil mounds have been proven to be impacted by heavy metal contamination it is strongly advised additional samples are screened for ACM’s before any earth-moving works are undertaken. Similarly the remainder of the proposed school site appears to have been impacted with a surface spread of demolition/hard-core materials, probably associated with the construction of the housing development spine road. Again as there is some ambiguity over the source of this material and it is advised addition samples are collected and screened for ACM’s.

In conclusion the site has been assessed; there appears to be no significant impacts on-site at this facility. The potential sources of contamination identified are confined to potential asbestos containing materials and heavy metal contamination of the spoil heaps and demolition/hard-core materials spread across the surface of the development area.

Across the surrounding area varied potential sources of potential contamination were identified, from both past and present commercial/industrial activities, which may possibly be hazardous to both human health and the wider environment. There is a negligible risk of off-site contamination affecting ground conditions within the curtilage of the facility; however as the majority of the site is to be surrounded by hardstanding the overall risk posed to site users is minimal.

The greatest risk identified was to construction/demolition/ground-workers during future re-development works. The nature and degree of potential contamination sources identified do not pose a risk to present site users and do not preclude re-development of this site, provided appropriate investigation, and if necessary remediation and validation works are undertaken. .

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References Alloway, B. J. EPP Publications (2004); Land Contamination & Reclamation, 12(3), Contamination of soils in domestic gardens & allotments; a brief overview. BR211; Radon: guidance on protective measures for new dwellings, (2007 edition). British Geological Survey, Map 125 of Derby, (One inch to the mile scale), Solid and Drift Edition (1972). Coal Authority Gazetteer: http://www.coal.gov.uk/services/miningreports/gazetteer/index.cfm (June 2013). Coal Authority: Ground Stability Report (November 2012). DEFRA (2008); Guidance on the Legal Definition of Contaminated Land. DEFRA and Environment Agency (2002); Assessment of Risks to Human Health from Land Contamination: An Overview of the Development of Soil Guideline Values and Related Research. R & D Publication CLR 7. DEFRA and Environment Agency (2002); Contaminants In Soils: Toxicological Data & Intake Values For Humans. CLR 9 DEFRA and Environment Agency (2002); Potential Contaminants for the Assessment of Land. R & D Publication CLR 8. DEFRA and Environment Agency (2002); The Contaminated Land Exposure Assessment (CLEA) Model: Technical Basis and Algorithms. CLR10. Department of the Environment (1996); Waste Management Paper 27: Landfill Gas. HMSO, London. Doe Industry Profile (1996); Various Environment Agency (2004); Model Procedures for the Management of Land Contamination. CLR 11. Environment Agency (2008); Science Report; SC050021/SR2 – Human Health Toxicological Assessment of Contaminants in Soil. Environment Agency (2008); Science Report; SC050021/SR3 – Updated Technical Background to the CLEA Model. Environment Agency (2010); Guiding Principles on Land Contamination. Environment Agency; What’s in your backyard: (June 2013) www.environment-agency.gov.uk HM Government (1990); Environmental Protection Act (1990) Part 2A, Contaminated Land Statutory Guidance. HMSO, London. HM Government (1990); Environmental Protection Act (1990), HMSO, London. HM Government (2012); National Planning Policy Framework (NPPF). HM Government; Office of the Deputy Prime Minister (2004); PPS 23: Planning and Pollution Control. Landmark Envirocheck; Environmental Report; Leabrook Gardens. (June 2013). Statutory Instrument No.1813 (1988); The Town and Country Planning General Development Order.

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TABLES & FIGURES Page Table 1 BGS Mapping Sheet 125 – Solid Geology 5 Table 2 BGS Digital Map – Solid Geology 5 Table 3 BGS Recorded Mineral Sites 8 Table 4 Potentially Contaminative Past Land Use 9 Table 5 Potentially Infilled Ground (Water) 9 Table 6 Ground Stability Hazards 10 Table 7 Discharge Consents 12 Table 8 Site Development 13 Table 9 Pollution Incidents To Controlled Waters 17 Table 10 Licensed Waste Management Facilities 17 Table 11 Registered Waste Transfer Sites 17 Table 12 Contemporary Trade Directory 18 Table 13 Fuel Station Entries 18 Table 14 Potential Hazard Severity Definition 22 Table 15 Probability of Risk Definition 23 Table 16 Level of Risk for Potential Hazard Definition 23 Table 17 Risk Classification 23 Table 18 Identified Potential Sources & Contaminants On-Site 24 Table 19 Identified Potential Sources & Contaminants Off-Site 24 Table 20 Identified Potential Receptors 25 Table 21 Preliminary Conceptual Model of Potential Pollutant Linkages On-Site 29 Table 22 Preliminary Conceptual Model of Potential Pollutant Linkages Off-Site 30 Table 23 Potential Impacts at the Site 31 Figure 1 Existing Site Layout 3 Figure 2 Geological Map 6 Figure 3 Groundwater Vulnerability Map 11 Figure 4 Bedrock Aquifers 11 Figure 5 EA Flood Map 12 Figure 6 O/S Map Information 14 Figure 7 Site Location Plan Figure 8 Existing Site Plan Appendix 1 Figure 9 Land Use Plan Figure 10 Image of the proposed school site, viewed from the south-east looking north-west. Figure 11 Image of the proposed school site, viewed from the south looking north. Figure 12 View of the established playing field located south-west of the proposed school site. Figure 13 View of the established hedgerow separating the school site from the established playing field. Figure 14 View of the housing development spine road viewed from the east looking west. Appendix 2 View of the vegetated spoil mounds located along the north-western boundary of Figure 15 the school development site. View of the natural ground conditions as revealed in the spoil from the recent trial Figure 16 pits undertaken across the school development site. View of the impacted ground cover which extends over much of the proposed Figure 17 school development site.

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APPENDIX 1 Figure 7: Site Location Plan Figure 8: Existing Site Plan Figure 9: Land Use Plan

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Figure 7: Site Location Plan N

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Figure 8: Existing Site Plan N

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Figure 9: Land Use Plan N

KEY

Agricultural

Commercial/Industrial

Residential

Educational

Recreational

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APPENDIX 2 SITE PHOTOGRAPHS – Figures: 10 - 17

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4025078/ Beardall St /phase1 deskstudy.doc Nottinghamshire County Council Beardall Street, Hucknall July 2013 Phase 1 - Desk Top Study etated spoil mounds are located in g g the established hedgerow to the left dential housing beyond the treeline to resent sitecompoundto theright of the nd the treeline across the centre distance eing constructed to the right of the image. The veg d from the south looking north, displaying the resi d from the south-east looking north-west, displayin jacent playing field, the residential housing beyo opmentsconstructedbeing thedistancein and the p of the image separation the school site from the ad of the image and the new residential developments b Figure 10; Image of the proposed school site, viewe the centrefar distance. the leftofthe image andthenew residential devel Figure 11; Image of the proposed school site, viewe image.

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Figure 12; View of the established playing field located south-west of the proposed school site, viewed from the north-east looking south-west, displaying the established residential housing beyond the fence line to the right of the image and the new residential development to the left of the image.

Figure 13; View of the established hedgerow separating the school site from the established playing field , viewed from the south-east looking north-west, displaying the established residential housing beyond the fence line to the left of the image.

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Figure 14; View of the housing development spine road viewed from the east looking west, with the playing field located behind the palisade fence running along the left side of the image.

Figure 15; View of the vegetated spoil mounds located along the north-western boundary of the school development site. The bituminous track to the right in the image leads from the carpark area in the far distance to the playing fields located behind the photographer.

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Figure 16; View of the natural ground conditions as revealed in the spoil from the recent trial pits undertaken across the school development site, revealing sandy/clayey soils with fragments of sandstone (Edlington Formation) in the matrix.

Figure 17; View of impacted ground cover extending over much of the proposed school development site, the material appears to be demolition materials utilised in the construction of the site spine roads and contains, concrete, brick, tile, clay pipes and bituminous materials.

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APPENDIX 3

Landmark Envirocheck Report

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APPENDIX 4

Coal Authority Mining Report & BGS Radon Report

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APPENDIX 5

Geotechnical Analytical; Site Investigation Report

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