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A Comparative Analysis of the Challenges Encountered in Literary and Audiovisual Translation of Science Fiction: a Case Study on Ready Player One by Ernest Cline

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A Comparative Analysis of the Challenges Encountered in Literary and Audiovisual Translation of Science Fiction: a Case Study on Ready Player One by Ernest Cline Hacettepe University Graduate School of Social Sciences Department of Translation and Interpretation Translation and Interpretation in English Programme A COMPARATIVE ANALYSIS OF THE CHALLENGES ENCOUNTERED IN LITERARY AND AUDIOVISUAL TRANSLATION OF SCIENCE FICTION: A CASE STUDY ON READY PLAYER ONE BY ERNEST CLINE Ahsen AY Master’s Thesis Ankara, 2019 A COMPARATIVE ANALYSIS OF THE CHALLENGES ENCOUNTERED IN LITERARY AND AUDIOVISUAL TRANSLATION OF SCIENCE FICTION: A CASE STUDY ON READY PLAYER ONE BY ERNEST CLINE Ahsen AY Hacettepe University Graduate School of Social Sciences Department of Translation and Interpretation Translation and Interpretation in English Programme Master’s Thesis Ankara, 2019 iv To my beloved husband and daughter Vera… v ACKNOWLEDMENTS I would like to thank many people for their help and support in writing this thesis. First of all, I would like to express my utmost gratitude to my thesis supervisor Asst. Prof. Dr. Sinem Bozkurt for all her continuous encouragement, direction, patience, professional insightful comments and valuable guidance. I would also like to express my special thanks to Prof. Dr. Asalet Erten, Asst. Prof. Dr. Elif Ersözlü, Asst. Prof. Dr. Hilal Erkazancı Durmuş who have always inspired me to overcome the obstacles and accomplish this thesis. Their knowledge of translation studies, their experience in research, their constructive comments, and suggestions have been extremely valuable for me. To my colleagues at Hacettepe University; Dr. Sezen Ergin Zengin, Dr. Cihan Alan, Dr. Nurel Cengiz and Res. Assist. Umut Can Gökduman, I extend my heartfelt thanks for their continuous support, great help, encouragement, and useful suggestions. I would also like to express my special thanks to Asst. Prof. Dr. Ceylan Yıldırım for her support and optimism during my thesis. I have no words to express my feelins of gratitude to my dearest husband Emre for his endless patience and putting up with me in the moments when I become intolerable. He always stood by me and I am deeply indepted for his limitless help, love, encouragement, and support and for being always there for me. Last but not least, I would like to thank my family who always backed me up with endless support. Without all of these people, this thesis would not have been possible. vi ÖZET AY, Ahsen. Bilim Kurgu Eserlerinin Yazınsal ve Görsel-İşitsel Çevirilerinde Karşılaşılan Zorluklar Üzerine Karşılaştırmalı Bir Çalışma: Ernest Cline’in Ready Player One Adlı Eseri. Yüksek Lisans Tezi, Ankara, 2019. Bilim kurgu, günümüzde hem yazın alanında hem de görsel işitsel alanda, geçmiş yıllara nazaran daha popüler bir tür haline gelmiştir. Ancak literatürde bilim kurgu eserleri üzerine yapılan çalışma sayısı oldukça fazla iken, bilimkurgu eserlerinin çevirisi, özellikle de Türkçeye çevirisi, üzerine çok az çalışma bulunmaktadır. Bu noktadan hareketle, bu çalışma Ready Player One adlı romanın Taylan Taftaf tarafından yapılan yazın çevirisi, aynı isimli filmin Aycan Soner tarafından yapılan profesyonel altyazı çevirisi ile Hasangdr & X@nder rumuzlu çevirmenler tarafından yapılan fan altyazı çevirilerine odaklanmaktadır. Çalışmanın öncelikli amacı, bilim kurgu terimlerinin çevirisinde çevirmenlerin karşılaştığı zorlukları saptamak ve bilim kurgu terimlerinin Türkçeye aktarımında yararlanılan çeviri stratejilerini analiz ederek çevirmenlerin genel eğilimlerini belirlemektir. Çalışmanın bir diğer amacı ise çevirmenlerin strateji seçimlerindeki farklılıkları ya da varsa sistematik benzerlikleri ortaya koyarak, aldıkları kararlarının arkasında yatan olası nedenleri saptamaktır. Bu amaçla, toplam 30 bilim kurgu teriminin çevirisi, Cintas ve Remael’ in (2007) altyazı çeviri stratejilerinin ışığında incelenmiş ve çevirmenlerin aldıkları kararların değerlendirilmesinde ise Pedersen’ın (2011) ileri sürdüğü yönelim normları kuramsal çerçeveyi oluşturmuştur. Yapılan detaylı çözümleme sonrasında, yazın çevirmeni, profesyonel altyazı çevirmeni ve fan altyazı çevirmeninin bilim kurgu terimlerinin çevirisinde kaynak metin odaklı yaklaşım sergiledikleri sonucuna varılmıştır. Ayrıca, çalışmanın sonunda görsel-işitsel çeviri metinleriyle uğraşan fan alt yazı çevirmenlerinin, profesyonel altyazı çevirmeni ile yazın çevirmenin tabi oldukları bazı profesyonel normlara tabi olmadıkları ve bu yüzden de daha erek odaklı çeviriler ortaya koyabileceği saptanmıştır. Son olarak, beklenenin aksine, görsel-işitsel metinlerin benzer kısıtlamalarla karşı karşıya kalmalarına rağmen iki altyazı çevirmeni arasında daha az benzerlik görülmüş, buna karşın profesyonel altyazı çevirmeni ile yazın çevirmeninin uyguladıkları çeviri stratejilerinin daha fazla paralellik gösterdiği saptanmıştır. Anahtar Sözcükler: bilim kurgu, görsel-işitsel çeviri, yazın çevirisi, fan altyazı, profesyonel altyazı, Ready Player One, altyazı çevirisi. vii ABSTRACT AY, Ahsen. A Comparative Analysis of the Challenges Encountered in Literary and Audiovisual Translation of Science Fiction: A Case Study on Ready Player One by Ernest Cline. Master’s Thesis, Ankara, 2019. The genre of science fiction has relatively been very popular in literary and audiovisual fields in recent years. However, the academic literature related to the science fiction genre is rich in terms of the number of published articles but those which are related to translation, especially into Turkish, are very few. In this regard, this study primarily focuses on the literary translation of Ernest Cline’s Ready Player One by Taylan Taftaf, the fan subtitle translation of the film Ready Player One into Turkish by Hasangdr & X@nder, and professional subtitle translation by Aycan Soner. This thesis primarily attempts to shed light on the challenges that the translators encounter while translating the science fiction terms, to analyze the translation strategies to map out the overall translation orientations of the translators, to reveal any differences or possible systematic preferences that the translators exhibit, and to detect the possible justifications and motivations behind the translators’ decisions. To that end, the translations of 30 science fiction terms are analyzed in the light of Cintas and Remael’s (2007) subtitling strategies, and then the translational decisions of the translators are evaluated within the theoretical framework of the orientation norms put forward by Pedersen (2011). Ultimately, it has been found that the literary, professional subtitle and fan subtitle translators have adopted a source oriented approach when transferring the science fiction terms. However, the study has also found that the fan subtitle translators might produce more acceptable translation since they generally do not need to translate in accordance with the professional rules followed by the professional subtitle translator and literary translator. In conlusion, contrary to the general assumption despite the similar constraints, the lower rate of similarity has been found between the translation strategies of the fan subtitle translator and professional subtitle translator while the higher rate of similarity has been detected between the translational decisions of the literary translator and the professional subtitle translator. Keywords: science fiction, audiovisual translation, literary translation, fansubs, professional subtitles, Ready Player One, subtitle translation. viii TABLE OF CONTENTS KABUL VE ONAY .............................................................................................. i YAYIMLAMA VE FİKRİ MÜLKİYET HAKLARI BEYANI................................... ii ETİK BEYAN .................................................................................................... iii DEDICATION .................................................................................................... iv ACKNOWLEDGMENTS .................................................................................... v ÖZET ................................................................................................................ vi ABSTRACT .................................................................................................... vii TABLE OF CONTENTS ................................................................................. viii LIST OF ABBREVIATIONS ............................................................................. xi LIST OF TABLES ........................................................................................... xii LIST OF FIGURES ......................................................................................... xii INTRODUCTION ............................................................................................... 1 CHAPTER 1: SCIENCE FICTION ................................................................... 14 1.1. DEFINITION OF SCIENCE FICTION…………….............................. 14 1.2. BRIEF HISTORY OF SCIENCE FICTION LITERATURE................. 17 1.3. HISTORY OF SCIENCE FICTION FILM........................................... 20 1.4. HISTORY OF SCIENCE FICTION IN TURKEY……………...……… 24 CHAPTER 2: LITERARY AND AUDIOVISUAL TRANSLATION OF SCIENCE FICTION WORKS….……………………………………………………………….. 29 2.1. WHAT IS AUDIOVISUAL TRANSLATION? .................................... 29 2.2. AUDIOVISUAL TRANSLATION IN TURKEY……………………..….31 ix 2.3. AUDIOVISUAL TRANSLATION AS A PROMISING BRANCH OF TRANSLATION STUDIES ...................................................................... 33 2.4. TYPES OF AUDIOVISUAL TRANSLATION.................................... 34 2.4.1. Dubbing .………………………………………………………… 34 2.4.2. Subtitling
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