World Meteorological Organization Working together in weather, climate and water WMO OMM
WMO and CGMS Involvement in Space Weather
Jérôme Lafeuille WMO Space Programme, Geneva
WMO www.wmo.int Acronyms
WMO
. WMO: World Meteorological Organization
. CGMS: Coordination Group for Meteorological Satellites
Boulder, 8-11 April 2014 2 Outline
. Why should WMO be involved in Space Weather ? . Is there any interest for WMO to engage in space weather? . Is there interest for space weather to engage WMO? . WMO activities in space weather . Observation, data exchange . Products and services . CGMS potential activities in space weather
. Conclusions
Boulder, 8-11 April 2014 3 World Meteorological Organization in a nutshell
The specialized United Nations agency for meteorology (weather and climate), operational hydrology and related geophysical sciences.
protection of life and property poverty alleviation and economic growth sustainable use of natural resources environmental quality
WMO Members include 185 States + 6 territories represented by the Head of their Met Service WMO headquarters Geneva, Switzerland
Boulder, 8-11 April 2014 4
WMO Global Observing Systems (1)
Global Observing System of the World Weather Watch (WWW/GOS) Space-based observing system (Serving all WMO applications) RBSN, RBCN (>10,000 stations,1,000 upper-air) AMDAR (39754/day) Ship & Marine obs (30417/day) Surface-based remote sensing Meso-scale networks
Boulder, 8-11 April 2014 5 WMO Global Observing Systems (2)
Global Atmosphere Watch (GAW) World Hydrological Cycle Observing System (WHYCOS) WMO Co-sponsored Observing Systems GCOS, GOOS, GTOS Striving for integration of these different systems
Boulder, 8-11 April 2014 6 FRegionaligure 1: Region aTelecommunicationl Meteorological Telecommunica Networktion Network fo(Europe)r WMO Regio n VI 13.03.2014 Not connected to South Africa INTERNET RMDCN-NG yet Canada Israel USA Dorval Bet Dagan Pretoria Australia Washington Melbourne 2M/2M Russia RTH in RA VI 2M/2M 1 2M/2M 1M 0 VPLS Khabarovsk Sweden 1M/1M M /1 Slovakia 0 METEONET NMC in RA VI Norrköping M 1M Russia 1G/100M Bratislava Novosibirsk Finland 1M/1M Poland Ukraine RTH in other region Helsinki Warszawa 10M 256 Kiev 5M 1M/1M Estonia Romania 128 Belarus Centre in other region Tallinn 10M/10M Bucharest 19.2 Minsk MTN circuit 2M/2M 21.6 Latvia Russia Republic of Moldova Regional circuit Riga Kishinev 10M/10M Moscow 64 Interregional circuit Lithuania 1M/1M 64 Uzbekistan Hungary Tashkent Bilateral circuit Vilnius 1M/1M 1M/1M Budapest Kazakhstan Norway 64 1G/200M Link speed/Band width Almaty Oslo Czech Republic to the RMDCN-NG 20M/20M 7M/7M Prague Egypt Iceland Cairo NI Not implemented Reykjavik 2M/2M Austria 8M/8M Vienna Armenia NO Not operational Ireland Yerevan Dublin 10M/10M Croatia Georgia 1M/1M Transmission speed in kilobit/s Denmark Zagreb Tbilisi Copenhagen 50M/50M Slovenia 9.6 Viet Nam 4M/4M Germany Ljubljana Hanoi EUMETSAT 20M/20M Iran Serbia Tehran EUMETSAT- 1M/1M ? Belgrade EUMETCast Australia United Kingdom Macedonia 128/128 Melbourne
Greenland Exeter 20M/20M Skopje
Sondre NO Azerbaijan
M Stormfjord United Kingdom 8 Turkey Baku ECMWF 1G/100M 10M/8M Ankara INTERNET Albania Germany Tirana 50M/50M Bulgaria Offenbach 100M/10M NO Kenya 64 Sofia Montenegro Nairobi Spain Podgorica Greece Madrid 4M/4M 4M/4M 2.4 Athens Bosnia and Herzegovina Algeria Belgium Sarajevo 10M/10M NO Algiers Brussels 128/128 Lebanon Beirut 64 Switzerland 21.6 Senegal 4M/4M Cyprus Zurich 4M/4M India NI Dakar NO Larnaca 9.6 France New Delhi 100M/50M Toulouse 64 128/128 United Arab Emirates The Netherlands Syria Tunisia 4M/4M Abu Dhabi De Bilt Damascus Tunis 0.05 1M Jordan NI The Netherlands-DR 3M/3M Amman De Bilt 0.05 4M/4M 8M/8M China Portugal Libia Lisbon RMDCN-NG Beijing Tripoli 10M/10M 0.05 Italy 10M/10M Japan Roma Tokyo 8M/8M 512/128 2.4 2M/2M Saudi Arabia Malta Boulder, 8-11 AprilLuxem 2014bourg 4M/4M South Korea Luxembourg Morocco Jeddah 7 Casablanca Seoul WMO Information System (WIS) Information exchange – common procedures; real-time and non-real time Information management – a few standard data formats; coordinated metadata and catalogues
World Radiation Centre International Organizations (IAEA, CTBTO, UNEP, FAO.. ) Regional Instrument 5 GAW World Data Centres Centres GCOS Data Centres
IRI and other climate Global Run-off Data Centre research institutes DCPC NMC NMC Universities NMC/ DPCP Commercial Regional Climate Centres Service Providers
NMC/ NMC DCPC
NMC GISC NMC WMO World Data Centres GISC GISC NMC DCPC DCPC GISC GISC
Satellite Dissemination NMC NMC Satellite Two-Way System NMC Real-time “push” NMC Boulder, 8-11 April 2014 8 On-demand “pull” Natural disasters 1980-2011: 90% of the disasters are hydro-meteorological events
• Löw, P. and A. Wirtz. 2012 NatCat Service and Risk Management: This Year in Figures, Munich Re Topics Geo 2011, pp.50-51.
Boulder, 8-11 April 2014 9 Is WMO interested in space weather ? . Space weather affects meteorological activities . Impact on meteorological satellites (90% of observ) . Impact on radio-communications used in daily operations . Coupling between ionosphere and neutral atmosphere . Potential impact on climate
. User or active player ?
. WMO priorities (2012-2015 Strategic Plan) . Global Framework for Climate Services . Disaster Risk Reduction . Integration of global observing and information systems . Aeronautical Meteorology . Capacity development
Boulder, 8-11 April 2014 10 Can WMO help space weather ? (1)
. To evolve towards fully operational scale . Permanent, sustainable, quality-controlled services . Delivered to a global audience . Globally coordinated within intergovernmental commitments
. WMO’s 60-year experience in operational E-GVAP network coordination of observation, data exchange, forecasting, warning . Global Telecommunication System, WMO Information System…
. Best practices . Dual use of some observations (GNSS)
Boulder, 8-11 April 2014 11 Can WMO help space weather ? (2)
. Key application sectors interested in WMO taking an active role to allow integration of services
. Global aviation (ICAO-WMO) . Emergency management (Multi-hazard warning) . Probably others . Energy, ground transportation, off-shore…
Boulder, 8-11 April 2014 12 Decisions by WMO Executive Council and Congress
In 2008 the Executive Council agreed to set up a an expert team for initial activities in cooperation with ISES, ICAO, ITU, UN (COPUOS)
In 2011 WMO Members (WMO Congress) confirmed the decision to engage in « international coordination of operational Space Weather observation, products and services, in particular to protect against global space weather hazards ».
Boulder, 8-11 April 2014 13
WMO’s activities in Space Weather
Boulder, 8-11 April 2014 14 . Mike Terkildsen . Ronald Van der Inter-Programme Coordination Team Linden . René Warnant on Space Weather (ICTSW) . Clezio de Nardin . Joaquim Costa . Larisa Trichtchenko . Jingsong Wang . Currently 23 countries . Xiaoxin Zhang . Australia, Belgium, Brazil, Canada, China, . Alain Hilgers . Yitaktu Tesfatsion Ethiopia, Finland, France, Germany, Italy, . Neil Mitchison Japan, Norway, Pakistan, Rep. Korea, . Kirsti Kauristie . Nicole Vilmer Russian Federation, South Africa, Spain, . Raul Romero Switzerland, Thailand, United Kingdom, . Sergio Buonomo . Daniele Biron USA . Bruno Zolesi . 7 international organizations . Mauro Messeroti . Mamori Ishii . ESA, ISES, EU/JRC, ICAO, ITU, . Pal Brokke . Hans Haubold UN-OOSA, WMO . Kichang Yoon . Co-chairs . Hyesook Lee . Muhammad Ameen . Terrance Onsager (USA) . Vyachesloav Burov . Lee-Anne McKinell . Xiaoxin Zhang (China) . Werner Schmutz . Consuelo Cid . Governance . Wirat Waranuchit . Commission for Basic Systems . David Jackson . Joe Davila . Commission for Aeronautical Meteorology . Mangala Sharma . Terry Onsager . Jerome Lafeuille
Boulder, 8-11 April 2014 15 Boulder, 8-11 April 2014 16 ICTSW intended activity areas
Outreach and education
Services
Requirements Information Information chain
Boulder, 8-11 April 2014 17 ICTSW activities / Space weather observations . Review observation requirements and capabilities . Requirements database . Inventory of space-based observing capabilities . Statement of guidance (observation gaps and priorities) . Advocacy for continuous key space weather observations . WMO Implementation Plan for Global Observing Systems . Mobilizing CGMS . Acknowledged in radio-frequency management discussions . Not yet addressed . Interoperability (harmonizing measurement specifications, inter- comparison and calibration)
Boulder, 8-11 April 2014 18 Rolling Review of (observation) Requirements . OSCAR database (http://www.wmo.int/oscar/)
Repository of observation requirements and capabilities
>500 satellites >800 instruments
Note: the Space Weather part of the database is still under construction and review
Boulder, 8-11 April 2014 19 OSCAR database (http://www.wmo.int/oscar/)
Boulder, 8-11 April 2014 20 ICTSW activities / Space weather data exchange
. Use of WIS for space weather data and metadata . Registration of initial set of products in WIS catalogue . Space weather centres becoming WIS Data Collection or Production Centre (DCPC) . NICT (proposed by Japan) . Data format evaluation . RINEX/GTEX/IONEX, GNSS-RO data, ISES formats
. Not yet addressed: . Review WMO metadata profile (ISO 19115)
Boulder, 8-11 April 2014 21 ICTSW activities / space weather products and services
. Space Weather product portal To inform potential users and demonstrate product availability 40 « product collections » in 10 product categories
. Civil aviation : response to new ICAO requirements . Extension of the meteorological information coordinated by WMO
. Disaster risk management . Space weather increasingly recognized in national risk registers . Working on « best practices » for severe space weather warnings
. Other applications and services (GIC, GPS..): still to be addressed
Boulder, 8-11 April 2014 22
CGMS
Boulder, 8-11 April 2014 23 Coordination Group for Meteorological Satellites (created in 1972)
. Satellite agencies (operational or R&D) operating weather/climate/oceanographic missions in support of WMO or UNESCO/IOC programmes, + WMO, IOC . CMA, CNES, CNSA, ESA, EUMETSAT, IMD, JAXA, JMA, KMA, NASA, NOAA, Roscosmos, Roshydromet . Scope: . Exchange technical information . Harmonization of mission parameters for interoperability (standards, best practices) . Continuity, complementarity, mutual back-up, through cooperative mission planning
Boulder, 8-11 April 2014 24 CGMS and Space Weather
. Many meteorological missions of CGMS Members are flying space weather payload
. CGMS is considering to play an active role to support continuity and integration of space-based observations for operational Space Weather products and services. . Technical harmonization . Cooperative mission planning to ensure continuity
. Proposal to be discussed next May
Boulder, 8-11 April 2014 25
Conclusions
Boulder, 8-11 April 2014 26 Expected benefits of WMO’s involvement
. WMO’s experience and procedures (observation, information, warning systems) enable leveraging the technical coordination initiated by ISES
. WMO intergovernmental framework will facilitate international commitments by Members for long- term provision of services
. Integration/synergy can develop with meteorological information delivered to key users (Aviation, emergency managers, energy production and transport..)
Boulder, 8-11 April 2014 27 Perspectives
. Complementary international initiatives . ISES, COSPAR, ILWS, CGMS, UN COPUOS
. ICTSW initial activities demonstrate relevance and usefulness of the WMO framework to enhance and coordinate operational space weather activities
. Real breakthrough requires more focused action . Long term continuity/interoperability of key observations . Best practices for severe event warnings . Space weather scales and forecast verification . Data sharing policy and protocols . Aviation and other applications Stronger involvement of WMO in space weather will be discussed at upcoming Council and Congress
Boulder, 8-11 April 2014 28 WMO OMM
Boulder, 8-11 April 2014 29 ICTSW Terms of Reference Inter-Programme Coordination Team on Space Weather
• Integration of Space Weather observations, through review of space- and surface-based observation requirements, harmonization of sensor specifications, monitoring plans for Space Weather observation;
• Standardization and enhancement of Space Weather data exchange and delivery through the WMO Information System (WIS);
• Harmonized definition of end-products and services, including e.g. quality assurance guidelines and emergency warning procedures, in interaction with aviation and other major application sectors;
• Encouraging the dialogue between the research and operational Space Weather communities.
Boulder, 8-11 April 2014 30 Draft CGMS objectives for Space Weather to support continuity and integration of space-based observations for operational Space Weather products and services.
. Keeping abreast of major user interests for operational Space Weather products and services and the related requirements that can be addressed by CGMS Members; . Evaluating existing operational products and services in support of spacecraft operations, and recommending additional services as appropriate; . Encouraging Space Weather monitoring missions either through dedicated satellites or through hosting space weather payloads aboard weather and climate monitoring satellites as technically appropriate; . Supporting when relevant the dual use of sensors such as GNSS radio- occultation receivers that provide essential information for weather/climate and ionosphere; . Fostering orbit coordination, sensor calibration and harmonization of operational sensors and data formats with a view to ensure interoperability and data consistency; . Reporting on spacecraft anomalies and sharing the results of analyses; . Pursuing global coordination of the operational Space Weather observing constellation, with a view to help to sustain future observing capabilities as done for terrestrial weather . Encouraging complementarity, compatibility and possible mutual back-up in the event of system failure through cooperative mission planning,
. CommunicatingBoulder, 8-11 April 2014 on socio-economic benefits of space weather prediction with policy makers, public, non technical community. 31 A WMO vision of the space-based global observing system
WMO OMM
Geostationary component • VIS/IR imagery • IR hyperspectral • Lightning imagers
Core sun-synchronous component imagery and sounding Other missions/orbits: • MW imagery • Altimetry, scatterometry • Radio-occultation • Global Precipitation • Atmospheric composition • Earth Radiation Budget • Multi-directional viewing IR imager • Space weather (Solar, particles, space environment)
Boulder, 8-11 April 2014 www.wmo.int/oscar/space32 WMO’interest in Space Weather (1) WMO OMM
Space Weather affects meteorological / climate activities • Impact on radio-communications • Impact on meteorological satellites • Effect on climate to be further investigated • Coupling between ionosphere and neutral atmosphere models
Boulder, 8-11 April 2014 33