DOCSLIB.ORG

Expanding Political Space in Contemporary China: a Comparative Study of the Advocacy Strategies of Three Grass-Root Women's Groups

Total Page：16

File Type：pdf, Size：1020Kb

Download full-text PDF Read full-text
Expanding Political Space in Contemporary China: a Comparative Study of the Advocacy Strategies of Three Grass-Root Women's Groups City University of New York (CUNY) CUNY Academic Works All Dissertations, Theses, and Capstone Projects Dissertations, Theses, and Capstone Projects 10-2014 Expanding Political Space In Contemporary China: A Comparative Study Of The Advocacy Strategies Of Three Grass-Root Women's Groups Weiting Wu Graduate Center, City University of New York How does access to this work benefit ou?y Let us know! More information about this work at: https://academicworks.cuny.edu/gc_etds/396 Discover additional works at: https://academicworks.cuny.edu This work is made publicly available by the City University of New York (CUNY). Contact: [email protected] EXPANDING POLITICAL SPACE IN CONTEMPORARY CHINA: A COMPARATIVE STUDY OF THE ADVOCACY STRATEGIES OF THREE GRASS-ROOT WOMEN’S GROUPS By Weiting Wu A dissertation submitted to the Graduate Faculty in Political Science in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of Doctor of Philosophy, The City University of New York 2014 © 2014 WEI-TING WU All Rights Reserved ii This manuscript has been read and accepted for the Graduate Faculty in Political Science in satisfaction of the dissertation requirement for the degree of Doctor of Philosophy. Dr. Irving Leonard Markovitz Date Chair of Examining Committee Dr. Alyson Cole Date Executive Officer Dr. Kenneth Erickson, Supervisory Committee Dr. Sun Yan, Supervisory Committee THE CITY UNIVERSITY OF NEW YORK iii Abstract EXPANDING POLITICAL SPACE IN CONTEMPORARY CHINA: A COMPARATIVE STUDY OF THE ADVOCACY STRATEGIES OF THREE GRASS-ROOT WOMEN’S GROUPS By Weiting Wu Advisor: Professor Irving Leonard Markovitz The absence of contentious performance has led scholars to question the existence of social movements and to agree with the description of state-social group relations in China as state corporatism. However, defining social movement by confrontational performance is inappropriate to examine social organizing under repression regimes. Most western social movement theories assume that political space for organizing exists before the formation of social movement. My research challenges this assumption by extending the concept of political opportunity structure to conduct process-tracing comparisons of two women’s and one lesbian groups’ respective strategies when facing interferences from the central authorities. By conducting interviews with forty three major participants of women and lesbian organizing, including founders, activists, academic experts, governmental officers, and ministerial officers of ACWF, along with archive analysis, and participatory observations, this study looks specifically at the campaign against domestic violence from 1988 to 2013. This research has found that the political space is not assumed to be existed. Instead, it is created and expanded by women’s advocacy groups. Three groups have shared experiences of revocation or failure of registration, cancellation of events, difficulty of fund raising, constantly being invited to have tea with security department etc. However, each group develops their own strategies to survive and to further expand their political spaces gradually. Most importantly, they carry on their advocacy work national wide. I argue under a repressive regime, these achievements are indeed confrontational in nature. Therefore, the aforementioned assumption of social movement theory should be reconsidered. iv Acknowledgements With the guidance of my committee members, and the support of my friends and family, this dissertation has been a joyful undertaking. My advisor, Dr. Irving Leonard Markovitz, has been an inspiring guidance and a tremendous resource to me throughout my graduate school days. Thank you Lenny, for your encouragement and kindness. My two committee members, Dr. Kenneth Erickson and Dr. Yan Sun have been supportive and patient mentors. Thank you Ken, for patiently working with me through the whole dissertation, and for showing me how to be a great social researcher. Thank you Prof. Sun, for initiating insightful discussions and for keeping my focus on the ground. Furthermore, the support from the Chiang Ching-Kuo Foundation for International Scholarly Exchange and the China Times Cultural Foundation had been critical financial resource. I am grateful for peers and friends in New York City, Taiwan and China. I owe my deepest gratitude to the women’s activists in China who have been willing to be interviewed by me. Thank you all for your friendship. It would have been impossible to have written this dissertation without your sharing and trust. Thanks to my friends in NYC, Mai, Weishan, Ping, and many others whom I cannot name because of space limitation. You have all been a great support in helping me stay in the academic field. Thanks to Ms. Fran Schnall and Mr. Liao Hung-Lang, for your generosity and hospitality in hosting me and making me feel like I was living at home. Most of all, I want to thank my parents and my sister. Thanks mom and dad, you two have been role models throughout my life. You have taught me how to live by strong beliefs. Thanks to my sister, Wei-I. Both of our parents suffered serious illnesses in the midst of writing this dissertation, and without your care and strong belief in me, this dissertation might never have been finished. Finally, thank you to Fan Yun, for inspiring me both in academic thinking and in our daily life. Your company is the block stone of this whole journey. v TABLE OF CONTENTS List of Tables vii List of Figures viii Chapter 1 – Confrontational Strategies in Expanding Political Space: Three Women’s Groups in China 1 Chapter 2 – Literature Review 26 Chapter 3 – Shifting the State’s Boundaries: Experiences from Women’s Social Activist Groups 45 Chapter 4 – Autonomy or Empowerment? Comparative Analysis of Organizational Strategies 85 Chapter 5 – Interactive Political Liberalization: The Strategies of Women’s Advocacy Groups in the Campaign against Domestic Violence 127 Chapter 6 – Conclusion 173 References 195 vi LIST OF TABLES Table 3.1. Numbers of Different Kinds NGOs’ Registration Status 49 vii LIST OF FIGURES Figure 1.1. The Causal Mechanism of Activists’ Reaction after Facing Interference 15 Figure 1.2. Activists’ Consideration in Choosing between Cooperative and Confrontational Strategies 16 Figure 6.1. The Interactive Political Liberalization Matrix 177 Figure 6.2. The Dynamic Relationship between the Central Government and Three Women’s Advocacy Groups 178 viii Chapter 1: Confrontational Strategies in Expanding Political Space: Three Women’s Groups in China “If you want to do advocacy work, you cannot be too confrontational; If you are confrontational, you cannot work on advocacy.” An activist in the women’s movement in China The absence of obvious contention has led scholars to question the existence of social movements in China and to agree with the description of state-social group relations in China as state corporatism1 (see for example, Florini, Lai, and Tan. 2012, p.95; Unger 2008). However, my study argues that we need to redefine the characteristics of a social movement in the context of a repressive regime, especially the characteristic of confrontation. Furthermore, my study proposes the term “soft confrontation” to describe the confrontation movement of women’s advocacy groups in China. In the end, my study presents the idea of interactive political liberalization as a better means of understanding the state-social group dynamic. After examining the confrontational movement of three women’s advocacy groups in China, my study reaches these two conclusions for two major reasons. First, China, as an authoritarian regime, is adaptive and tolerant toward certain advocacy groups, and this trait redefines the confrontational characteristic of a social movement. Compared to social groups in democratic countries, advocacy groups in China have faced quite different challenges in confronting the state. These challenges include the efforts by the regime to marginalize and monitor the operation of advocacy groups. The opening quotation sheds some light on the reality of social movements in a repressive regime. Since most advocacy work is viewed by the central government as a potential challenge to regime’s legitimacy, social groups that aim for social change have encountered continuing interference from both the Party and the state in China. How to survive and to carry on their advocacy work has become a daily challenge for most organizers of advocacy groups in China. The adaptive government distinguishes advocacy groups from charity groups, and encourages the existence of charity groups. However, although the central government will include women’s advocacy groups in certain public policy making processes, it will, at the same 1 “(I)n which the state allows hierarchically ordered and controlled associations to play limited roles as a way to reconcile large numbers of divergent interests.” 1 time, continue its interference with the same groups. The second reason for redefining the characteristics of social movements in the context of a repressive regime is because the political space did not exist before the formation of social groups in China. Indeed, the expansion of the political space for social organizing and advocacy work was the result of the strategic choices made by advocacy organizers. My study argues that the state-advocacy group interaction is like dancing a tango, and it takes two to tango. My study has concluded that both advocacy groups and the state are adaptive. In other words, the political space for social
Load more

Recommended publications
  • UNIVERSITY of CALIFORNIA, SAN DIEGO Queerness and Chinese Modernity: the Politics of Reading Between East and East a Dissertati
    UNIVERSITY OF CALIFORNIA, SAN DIEGO Queerness and Chinese Modernity: The Politics of Reading Between East and East A dissertation submitted in partial satisfaction of the requirements for the degree Doctor of Philosophy in Literature by Alvin Ka Hin Wong Committee in Charge: Professor Yingjin Zhang, Co-Chair Professor Lisa Lowe, Co-Chair Professor Patrick Anderson Professor Rosemary Marangoly George Professor Larissa N. Heinrich 2012 Copyright Alvin Ka Hin Wong, 2012 All rights reserved. The dissertation of Alvin Ka Hin Wong is approved, and it is acceptable in quality and form for publication on microfilm and electronically: ________________________________________________________________________ ________________________________________________________________________ ________________________________________________________________________ ________________________________________________________________________ Co-Chair ________________________________________________________________________ Co-Chair University of California, San Diego 2012 iii TABLE OF CONTENTS Signature Page …………………………………………………….……………….….…iii Table of Contents ………………………………………………………………..…….…iv List of Illustrations ……………………………………………………………….…........v Acknowledgments …………………………………………………………………….....vi Vita …………………………………………………….…………………………….…...x Abstract of the Dissertation ………………………………………………….……….….xi INTRODUCTION.……………………………………………………………….……....1 CHAPTER ONE. Queering Chineseness and Kinship: Strategies of Rewriting by Chen Ran, Chen Xue and Huang Biyun………………………….………...33
    [Show full text]
  • The End of the Queue: Hair As Symbol in Chinese History Michael Godley
    East Asian History NUMBER 8 . DECEMBER 1994 THE CONTINUATION OF Paperson Far EasternHistory Institute of Advanced Studies Australian National University Editor Geremie R. Barme Assistant Editor Helen Lo Editorial Board John Clark Mark Elvin (Convenor) Helen Hardacre John Fincher Andrew Fraser Colin Jeffcott W. J. F. Jenner Lo Hui-min Gavan McCormack David Marr Tessa Morris-Suzuki Michael Underdown Business Manager Marion Weeks Production Helen Lo Design Maureen MacKenzie (Em Squared Typographic Design), Helen Lo Printed by Goanna Print, Fyshwick, ACT This is the eighth issue of East Asian History in the series previously entitled Papers on Far Eastern History. The journal is published twice a year. Contributions to The Editor, East Asian History Division of Pacific & Asian History, Research School of Pacific & Asian Studies Australian National University, Canberra ACT 0200, Australia Phone +61 62493140 Fax +61 62495525 Subscription Enquiries Subscription Manager, East Asian History, at the above address Annual Subscription Australia A$45 Overseas US$45 (for two issues) iii CONTENTS 1 Mid-Ch'ing New Text (Chin-wen) Classical Learning and its Han Provenance: the Dynamics of a Tradition of Ideas On-cho Ng 33 From Myth to Reality: Chinese Courtesans in Late-Qing Shanghai Christian Henriot 53 The End of the Queue: Hair as Symbol in Chinese History Michael Godley 73 Broken Journey: Nhfti Linh's "Going to France" Greg and Monique Lockhart 135 Chinese Masculinity: Theorising' Wen' and' Wu ' Kam Louie and Louise Edwards iv Cover calligraphy Yan Zhenqing �JU!iUruJ, Tang calligrapher and statesman Cover picture The walled city of Shanghai (Shanghai xianzhi, 1872) THE END OF THE QUEUE: HAIR AS SYMBOL IN CHINESE HISTORY ..J1! Michael R.
    [Show full text]
  • Heroes, Hooligans, and Knights-Errant: Masculinities and Popular Media in the Early People’S Republic of China
    _full_journalsubtitle: Men, Women and Gender in China _full_abbrevjournaltitle: NANU _full_ppubnumber: ISSN 1387-6805 (print version) _full_epubnumber: ISSN 1568-5268 (online version) _full_issue: 2 _full_issuetitle: 0 _full_alt_author_running_head (change var. to _alt_author_rh): 0 _full_alt_articletitle_running_head (change var. to _alt_arttitle_rh): Heroes, Hooligans, and Knights-Errant _full_alt_articletitle_toc: 0 _full_is_advance_article: 0 NAN N Ü 316 Nan Nü 19 (2017) 316-356 Wang brill.com/nanu Heroes, Hooligans, and Knights-Errant: Masculinities and Popular Media in the Early People’s Republic of China Y. Yvon Wang University of Toronto [email protected] Abstract This article is an exploration of media and gender in urban and peri-urban China dur- ing the 1950s and early 1960s – specifically, the persistent trope of the “hooligan,” or liumang. Since at least the late imperial period, Chinese authorities had feared unmar- ried, impoverished, rootless men as the main source of crime, disorder, and outright rebellion. Yet such figures were simultaneously celebrated as knights-errant for their violent heroism in cultural works of enormous popularity across regions and classes. As the ruling Chinese Communist Party attempted to reshape society and culture after 1949, it condemned knight-errant tales and made hooliganism a crime. At the same time, the state tried to promote a new pantheon of vigilante-like men in the guise of revolutionary heroes. But the state’s control over deeply rooted cultural markets and their products was incomplete. Moreover, the same potent tools that had empowered the Party, in particular its rhetoric of revolutionary subjectivity and its harnessing of modern media technologies, were open as never before to being adopted by the very targets of its efforts at control and censure.
    [Show full text]
  • Marriage Practice of the Chinese Communist Party in Modern Era, 1910S-1950S
    Western University Scholarship@Western Electronic Thesis and Dissertation Repository 8-23-2011 12:00 AM From Marriage Revolution to Revolutionary Marriage: Marriage Practice of the Chinese Communist Party in Modern Era, 1910s-1950s Wei Xu The University of Western Ontario Supervisor James Flath The University of Western Ontario Graduate Program in History A thesis submitted in partial fulfillment of the equirr ements for the degree in Doctor of Philosophy © Wei Xu 2011 Follow this and additional works at: https://ir.lib.uwo.ca/etd Part of the Asian History Commons, Chinese Studies Commons, Cultural History Commons, Family, Life Course, and Society Commons, Gender and Sexuality Commons, History of Gender Commons, Inequality and Stratification Commons, Social Control, Law, Crime, and Deviance Commons, Social History Commons, Women's History Commons, and the Women's Studies Commons Recommended Citation Xu, Wei, "From Marriage Revolution to Revolutionary Marriage: Marriage Practice of the Chinese Communist Party in Modern Era, 1910s-1950s" (2011). Electronic Thesis and Dissertation Repository. 232. https://ir.lib.uwo.ca/etd/232 This Dissertation/Thesis is brought to you for free and open access by Scholarship@Western. It has been accepted for inclusion in Electronic Thesis and Dissertation Repository by an authorized administrator of Scholarship@Western. For more information, please contact [email protected]. FROM MARRIAGE REVOLUTION TO REVOLUTIONARY MARRIAGE: MARRIAGE PRACTICE OF THE CHINESE COMMUNIST PARTY IN MODERN ERA 1910s-1950s (Spine
    [Show full text]
  • Permanent Missions to the United Nations
    Permanent Missions to the United Nations ST/SG/SER.A/300 Executive Office of the Secretary-General Protocol and Liaison Service Permanent Missions to the United Nations Nº 300 March 2010 United Nations, New York Note: This publication is prepared by the Protocol and Liaison Service for information purposes only. The listings relating to the permanent missions are based on information communicated to the Protocol and Liaison Service by the permanent missions, and their publication is intended for the use of delegations and the Secretariat. They do not include all diplomatic and administrative staff exercising official functions in connection with the United Nations. Further information concerning names of members of permanent missions entitled to diplomatic privileges and immunities and other mission members registered with the United Nations can be obtained from: Protocol and Liaison Service Room NL-2058 United Nations New York, N.Y., 10017 Telephone: (212) 963-7174 Telefax: (212) 963-1921 website: http://www.un.int/protocol All changes and additions to this publication should be communicated to the above Service. Contents I. Member States maintaining permanent missions at Headquarters Afghanistan.......... 2 Czech Republic..... 71 Kenya ............. 144 Albania .............. 3 Democratic People’s Kuwait ............ 146 Algeria .............. 4 Republic Kyrgyzstan ........ 148 Andorra ............. 6 of Korea ......... 73 Lao People’s Angola .............. 7 Democratic Republic Democratic Antigua of the Congo ..... 74 Republic ........ 149 and Barbuda ...... 9 Denmark ........... 75 Latvia ............. 150 Argentina ........... 10 Djibouti ............ 77 Lebanon........... 151 Armenia ............ 12 Dominica ........... 78 Lesotho ........... 152 Australia............ 13 Dominican Liberia ............ 153 Austria ............. 15 Republic ......... 79 Libyan Arab Azerbaijan.......... 18 Ecuador ............ 81 Jamahiriya ...... 154 Bahamas............ 19 Egypt..............
    [Show full text]
  • Art Therapy Considerations for Transgender Youth and Young Adults
    Running head: ART THERAPY CONSIDERATIONS FOR TRANSGENDER YOUTH 1 Art Therapy Considerations for Transgender Youth and Young Adults Adam Robert Trussoni University of Wisconsin, Superior A Thesis Submitted to the Graduate Faculty in Partial Fulfillment of the Requirements for the Degree of M.A. in Art Therapy ART THERAPY CONSIDERATIONS FOR TRANSGENDER YOUTH 2 Introduction Social stigmas, being shunned by family and friends, violence, and sexual abuse are some of the hardships that transgender youth may face. The complex nature of being a transgender person almost inevitably creates emotional, physical, and financial hardships for the individual which often times results in substance abuse problems, personal relationship issues, and suicidal tendencies (Schnebelt, 2015). Although sexual identity seems like an adult problem, the foundations of sexual identity are formed during the youthful years, and it is at these times that the young boy or girl is most vulnerable to perils such as bullying, sexual violence or abuse, physical violence, and family abandonment. Through personal research and art interventions with people who are personally involved in the transgender community it is possible to earmark the social and emotional troubles that transgender youth and young adults face. Through this research it may be possible to find a way for art therapy interventions to make a difference in an individual’s life. What does it mean to be Transgender? Being transgender is more than a person’s attitude toward gender specific clothing or cross- dressing, rather it is an inherent state of being that is contradictory to the sexual identity that is created by a person’s genitalia.
    [Show full text]
  • Creative Spaces Within Which People, Ideas and Systems Interact with Uncertain Outcomes
    GIMPEL, NIELSE GIMPEL, Explores new ways to understand the dynamics of change and mobility in ideas, people, organisations and cultural paradigms China is in flux but – as argued by the contributors to this volume – change is neither new to China nor is it unique to that country; similar patterns are found in other times and in other places. Indeed, Creative on the basis of concrete case studies (ranging from Confucius to the Vagina Monologues, from Protestant missionaries to the Chinese N & BAILEY avant-garde) and drawing on theoretical insights from different dis- ciplines, the contributors assert that change may be planned but the outcome can never be predicted with any confidence. Rather, there Spaces exist creative spaces within which people, ideas and systems interact with uncertain outcomes. As such, by identifying a more sophisticated Seeking the Dynamics of Change in China approach to the complex issues of change, cultural encounters and Spaces Creative so-called globalization, this volume not only offers new insights to scholars of other geo-cultural regions; it also throws light on the workings of our ‘global’ and ‘transnational’ lives today, in the past and in the future. Edited Denise Gimpel, Bent Nielsen by and Paul Bailey www.niaspress.dk Gimpel_pbk-cover.indd 1 20/11/2012 15:38 Creative Spaces Gimpel book.indb 1 07/11/2012 16:03 Gimpel book.indb 2 07/11/2012 16:03 CREATIVE SPACES Seeking the Dynamics of Change in China Edited by Denise Gimpel, Bent Nielsen and Paul J. Bailey Gimpel book.indb 3 07/11/2012 16:03 Creative Spaces: Seeking the Dynamics of Change in China Edited by Denise Gimpel, Bent Nielsen and Paul J.
    [Show full text]
  • Permanent Missions to the United Nations
    ST/SG/SER.A/301 Executive Office of the Secretary-General Protocol and Liaison Service Permanent Missions to the United Nations Nº 301 March 2011 United Nations, New York Note: This publication is prepared by the Protocol and Liaison Service for information purposes only. The listings relating to the permanent missions are based on information communicated to the Protocol and Liaison Service by the permanent missions, and their publication is intended for the use of delegations and the Secretariat. They do not include all diplomatic and administrative staff exercising official functions in connection with the United Nations. Further information concerning names of members of permanent missions entitled to diplomatic privileges and immunities and other mission members registered with the United Nations can be obtained from: Protocol and Liaison Service Room NL-2058 United Nations New York, N.Y., 10017 Telephone: (212) 963-7174 Telefax: (212) 963-1921 website: http://www.un.int/protocol All changes and additions to this publication should be communicated to the above Service. Language: English Sales No.: E.11.I.8 ISBN-13: 978-92-1-101241-5 e-ISBN-13: 978-92-1-054420-7 Contents I. Member States maintaining permanent missions at Headquarters Afghanistan.......... 2 Czech Republic..... 71 Kenya ............. 147 Albania .............. 4 Democratic People’s Kuwait ............ 149 Algeria .............. 5 Republic Kyrgyzstan ........ 151 Andorra ............. 7 of Korea ......... 73 Lao People’s Angola .............. 8 Democratic Republic Democratic Antigua of the Congo ..... 74 Republic ........ 152 and Barbuda ..... 10 Denmark ........... 75 Latvia ............. 153 Argentina ........... 11 Djibouti ............ 77 Lebanon........... 154 Armenia ............ 13 Dominica ........... 78 Lesotho ........... 155 Australia............ 14 Dominican Liberia ...........
    [Show full text]
  • Robert Giron, "China GLTBQ"
    China: A Quick Look at LGBTQ Life February 26, 2016 Robert L. Giron Grammatical Aspects He/She/It Have the same pronunciation in Chinese /ta/. Whether an object is male or female; human, animal, or object, the same pronoun is used. The only way to determine what is intended is by the context. Written Forms for He/She/It Even though there is one pronunciation for "he," "she" and "it," there are multiple characters. 他 is for males or when used in the plural with mixed genders, 她 is for females, and 它 is for animals or objects. A Look into History Male homosexuality dates back to the Shang Dynasty (11th century BC), according to author Li Yinhe (book: History of Chinese Homosexuality). “Luan Feng” is a term from the “Shang Dynasty Records” used to refer to homosexuality (male); there is no record of lesbianism in Chinese history. Emperors Per author Li Yinhe: Han Dynasty (206 BC-220 AD) For 2 centuries China was ruled by ten openly bisexual emperors, with their lovers acknowledged in public records. Emperor’s Love Emperor Ai (named Liu Xin) who reigned from 6 BC to 2 BC supposedly cut his robe’s sleeves off so that his male lover Dong Xian would not be awaken after he had fallen asleep. This became known as the Passions of the Cut Sleeve. Duke Ling shared his peach with his lover and this became known as the story of the Shared Peach. Lord Long Yang a lover of King Wei cries when he catches a small fish because he wants a bigger one and this became known as the story of Long Yang or the Fish.
    [Show full text]
  • Queering/Querying Cosmopolitanism: Queer Spaces in Shanghai
    Queering/Querying Cosmopolitanism: Queer Spaces in Shanghai By Hongwei Bao Abstract This article examines different types of queer spaces in contemporary Shanghai together with the various same-sex subjects that inhabit these spaces. In doing so, it discusses the impact of transnational capitalism, the nation state and local histo- ries on the construction of urban spaces and identities. Combining queer studies and urban ethnography, this article points to the increasing social inequalities hid- den behind the notion of urban cosmopolitanism created by the deterritorializing and meanwhile territorializing forces of transnational capital and the state. It also sheds light on how these various identities and spaces are lived and experienced by ordinary people, as well as possible ways of resistance to the dominant narra- tives. Keywords: Cosmopolitanism, Shanghai, queer space, gay, tongzhi Bao, Hongwei: “Queering/Querying Cosmopolitanism: Queer Spaces in Shanghai”, Culture Unbound, Volume 4, 2012: 97–120. Hosted by Linköping University Electronic Press: http://www.cultureunbound.ep.liu.se Introduction Shanghai appears to be run by youth, staffed by youth, and patronised by youth. The population now exceeds 20 million … Nearly every gay you meet in China says they want to live here. The nightlife is constantly reinventing itself, but many venues have found consistent patronage from young, professional locals and expats. Shang- hai has come to rival Hong Kong as the gay centre of China as the winds of freedom continue to blow. (Utopia Asia 2009) In the not terribly distant future, we'll be talking about the Shanghai club scene the way we discuss Sydney, London, San Francisco, or any other major international destination.
    [Show full text]
  • MAINLAND CHINESE VIEWS of JAPAN SINCE 1949 This
    ANGRY STATES: MAINLAND CHINESE VIEWS OF JAPAN SINCE 1949 This dissertation is submitted for the degree of Doctor of Philosophy Anthony David Brooks Trinity Hall, Cambridge January 7, 2013 Copyright © 2013 Anthony David Brooks All rights reserved To Mike Lloyd Without whose support this project would not have been possible Declaration This dissertation is the result of my own work and includes nothing which is the outcome of work done in collaboration except where specifically indicated in the text. The dissertation does not exceed the word limit for the Asian and Middle Eastern Studies degree committee. It is 80,000 words long. Notes on style Chinese and Japanese names are not italicised and are given with the surname first, so Mao Zedong’s family name is Mao and not Zedong. Other Chinese and Japanese terms are italicised, and written in pinyin and romaji respectively. In the People’s Republic pinyin is normally written in lower case. However, for ease of reference this study uses sentence-style capitalisation for the titles of films, books, documents, papers and texts (in pinyin), as well as for place names. For the sake of clarity, words commonly used in English are usually chosen in preference to their Chinese and Japanese counterparts; for example “Taipei” (a city in Taiwan), is used in preference to the Chinese Taibei. A character glossary of the most important Chinese terms is provided. A list of abbreviations used in the text is at the beginning of the bibliography. Dates in the footnotes are presented in abbreviated British format, such that August 15, 1945 becomes 15/8/45.
    [Show full text]
  • Sandee Chan and Lesbian Representability in Mandarin Pop Music
    Inter-Asia Cultural Studies, Volume 4, Number 2, 2003 The perfect lie: Sandee Chan and lesbian representability in Mandarin pop music Fran MARTIN I don’t know who’s right I only know none of them are like me. They don’t ask as much as I do They don’t think as long as I do They don’t wait as patiently as I do To discover everything is wrong Depending on how you say it. If you love me, I beg you: tell me. Tell the perfect lie To move me. If you love me, I beg you: tell me. Tell a serious lie, Make up the perfect excuse. The whole world is right Not like me. The whole world is right I’m the one who’s wrong. The whole world is fake. I’m just scared you’ll say You don’t love me, because it is I who am wrong. Because it is I who am wrong, say you don’t love me. —— Sandee Chan, “Perfect” This epigraph is a translation of the lyrics of the Mandarin pop song “Perfect” (Wanmei) written Downloaded By: [University Of Melbourne] At: 06:37 6 July 2009 and performed by Taiwanese singer-songwriter Sandee Chan (Chen Shanni) for her 2000 album Perfect moan. That album, like her previous five and her most recent one (Happy Birthday! music543, 2002) has proven popular with young lesbian (nu¨tongzhi)1 audiences in Taiwan, despite the fact that Sandee herself does not identify as a lesbian and has at times expressed an ambivalent attitude toward her own queer fame.
    [Show full text]