Cho Kyuhyun. Th

Total Page:16

File Type:pdf, Size:1020Kb

Cho Kyuhyun. Th This thesis belongs to one of the graduates who graduated from Kyunghee University Post Modern Music Degree – Cho Kyuhyun. This is the English version of Kyuhyun’s Thesis and it is translated by the 6 of us as below:- Please respect our translation work, no re-editing or commercial use are allowed. Please remember to give credits if you reupload. Translators: SUJU Memories, Happiezappie, elfxlove, heenimed, InezGenn and kyuju32810 Review: SUJU Memories Mapping: SUJU Memories, Happiezappie, heenimed etc. Thank you for your cooperation. Master Degree Thesis The status and future development of K-POP – As K-POP itself In countries like Japan and China We take their success stories cases as a basic, looking at America, Europe markets of K-POP, their marketing strategy – Associate Professor Lee Woo Chang Kyunghee University Graduate School Post Modern Music Major Cho Kyuhyun Year 2016 February 2nd Master Degree Thesis The status and future development of K-POP – As K-POP itself In countries like Japan and China We take their success stories cases as a basic, Looking at America, Europe markets of K-POP, their marketing strategy – Associate Professor Lee Woo Chang Kyunghee University Graduate School Post Modern Music Major Cho Kyuhyun Year 2016 February 2nd The status and future development of K-POP – As K-POP itself In countries like Japan and China We take their success stories cases as a basic, Looking at America, Europe markets of K-POP, their marketing strategy – Associate Professor Lee Woo Chang This Thesis is set as a master’s degree thesis Kyunghee University Graduate School Post Modern Music Major Cho Kyuhyun Year 2016 February 2nd Cho Kyuhyun of Post Modern Music Department Master’s Degree Thesis Acknowledgement Chief examiner Lim Dong Gyun Review Professor Lee Woo Chang Review Professor Michelle Review Professor Han Kyung Hoon Kyung Hee University Graduate School Year 2016 February 2nd Content <ABSTRACT> .................................................................................................................................................... I I. PREFACE........................................................................................................................................................ 1 1.1. RESEARCH BACKGROUND ..................................................................................................................................... 1 1.2 PROBLEMS .................................................................................................................................................................... 1 1.3 PURPOSE OF STUDY ................................................................................................................................................... 1 1.4 RESEARCH SCOPE ...................................................................................................................................................... 1 1.5 FLOWCHART OF RESEARCH ................................................................................................................................... 2 II THEORETICAL BACKGROUND .......................................................................................................... 3 2.1 CONCEPT OF KOREAN WAVE AND K-POP ........................................................................................................ 3 2.1.1 CONCEPT OF KOREAN WAVE ............................................................................................................................ 3 2.1.2 DEFINITION OF K-POP ........................................................................................................................................ 3 2.1.3. HISTORY OF KOREAN WAVE AND K-POP .................................................................................................. 4 2.2. K-POP IN HALLYU WAVE .................................................................................................................................. 6 2.2.1 THE ROLE OF K-POP IN HALLYU WAVE ECONOMIC EFFECTS AND POLICY IMPLICATIONS ................................................................................................................................................. 6 III. CONTENTS OF INVESTIGATION ..................................................................................................... 8 3.1. K-POP IN CHINA ..................................................................................................................................................... 8 3.1.1 CHINESE MUSIC MARKET TREND AND OUTLOOK ...................................................................................... 8 3.1.2 SITUATION OF K-POP ENTRY INTO THE CHINESE MARKET ................................................................. 9 3.1.3 CHINESE MUSIC MARKET SUCCESS STRATEGY ......................................................................................... 11 3.2 K-POP IN JAPAN.................................................................................................................................... 12 3.2.1 CHINESE MUSIC MARKET TREND AND PROSPECT .................................................................................... 12 3.2.2 STATUS OF K-POP ENTRY INTO THE JAPANESE MARKET ................................................................. 14 3.2.3 SUCCESS STRATEGIES FOR THE JAPANESE MUSIC MARKET ............................................................ 15 3.3. SUCCESSFUL STRATEGIES FOR K-POP IN ASIA .............................................................. 18 3.3.1 ANALYSIS OVERVIEW ........................................................................................................................................ 18 3.3.2. PRODUCER ............................................................................................................................................................. 18 3.3.3 TRANSFER MODE ................................................................................................................................................. 20 3.3.4. CONTENT ................................................................................................................................................................ 23 3.3.5 CONSUMER .............................................................................................................................................................. 24 3.4 K-POP IN THE UNITED STATES AND EUROPE ....................................................................... 25 3.4.1 THE CASE OF K-POP IN THE UNITED STATES .......................................................................................... 25 3.4.2. SUCCESS AND FAILURE FACTORS OF K-POP ENTRY IN THE U.S ..................................................... 27 3.4.3 CASE STUDIES OF K-POP IN EUROPE .......................................................................................................... 28 3.4.4 SUCCESS AND FAILURE FACTORS OF K-POP’S ENTRY INTO EUROPE ............................................ 30 IV. RESULTS ................................................................................................................................................. 32 4.1 THE LIMIT LINE OF K-POP IN THE US AND EUROPE MARKETS ......................................................... 32 4.1.1. UNIFORM MUSIC ................................................................................................................................................. 32 4.1.2. LACK OF FEATURES IN K-POP ...................................................................................................................... 32 4.1.3 LACK OF STRONG COMMERCE AND A SYSTEMATIC BUSINESS MODEL .......................................... 33 4.2 A NOTE ON THE SUCCESS STORY OF CHINA AND JAPAN ............................................ 34 4.2.1 ACTIVE USE OF SOCIAL MEDIA ............................................................................................................... 34 4.2.2 MUSICALITY AND PERFORMANCE ......................................................................................................... 34 4.2.3 UNDERSTANDING AND THOROUGH PREPARATION OF THE LOCAL CULTURES ..................... 36 4.3 PROPOSALS FOR STRATEGIES TO ADVANCE TO AMERICA AND EUROPE .................................................................................................................................................. 36 4.3.1 ESTABLISHING THE INDIVIDUALITY OF K-POP CONTENT ........................................................... 36 4.3.2 ESTABLISHING A SYSTEMATIC LOCALIZATION STRATEGY .......................................................... 37 VI V. CONCLUSION .......................................................................................................................................... 38 5.1. CONCLUSION SUMMARY ...................................................................................................................................... 38 5.2 THRESHOLD ........................................................................................................................................... 39 REFERENCES ................................................................................................................................................ 40 VII <List of Tables> <Table 1> The development phase of Korean Wave <Table 2> 2010 Korean Wave index in different fields <Table 3> The scale of the Korean information industry <Table 4> Korean information industry export trend <Table 5> Chinese music market
Recommended publications
  • The Globalization of K-Pop: the Interplay of External and Internal Forces
    THE GLOBALIZATION OF K-POP: THE INTERPLAY OF EXTERNAL AND INTERNAL FORCES Master Thesis presented by Hiu Yan Kong Furtwangen University MBA WS14/16 Matriculation Number 249536 May, 2016 Sworn Statement I hereby solemnly declare on my oath that the work presented has been carried out by me alone without any form of illicit assistance. All sources used have been fully quoted. (Signature, Date) Abstract This thesis aims to provide a comprehensive and systematic analysis about the growing popularity of Korean pop music (K-pop) worldwide in recent years. On one hand, the international expansion of K-pop can be understood as a result of the strategic planning and business execution that are created and carried out by the entertainment agencies. On the other hand, external circumstances such as the rise of social media also create a wide array of opportunities for K-pop to broaden its global appeal. The research explores the ways how the interplay between external circumstances and organizational strategies has jointly contributed to the global circulation of K-pop. The research starts with providing a general descriptive overview of K-pop. Following that, quantitative methods are applied to measure and assess the international recognition and global spread of K-pop. Next, a systematic approach is used to identify and analyze factors and forces that have important influences and implications on K-pop’s globalization. The analysis is carried out based on three levels of business environment which are macro, operating, and internal level. PEST analysis is applied to identify critical macro-environmental factors including political, economic, socio-cultural, and technological.
    [Show full text]
  • A Computational Analysis of Information Structure Using Parallel Expository Texts in English and Japanese
    University of Pennsylvania ScholarlyCommons IRCS Technical Reports Series Institute for Research in Cognitive Science January 1999 A Computational Analysis of Information Structure Using Parallel Expository Texts in English and Japanese Nobo N. Komagata University of Pennsylvania Follow this and additional works at: https://repository.upenn.edu/ircs_reports Komagata, Nobo N., "A Computational Analysis of Information Structure Using Parallel Expository Texts in English and Japanese" (1999). IRCS Technical Reports Series. 46. https://repository.upenn.edu/ircs_reports/46 University of Pennsylvania Institute for Research in Cognitive Science Technical Report No. IRCS-99-07. This paper is posted at ScholarlyCommons. https://repository.upenn.edu/ircs_reports/46 For more information, please contact [email protected]. A Computational Analysis of Information Structure Using Parallel Expository Texts in English and Japanese Abstract This thesis concerns the notion of 'information structure': informally, organization of information in an utterance with respect to the context. Information structure has been recognized as a critical element in a number of computer applications: e.g., selection of contextually appropriate forms in machine translation and speech generation, and analysis of text readability in computer-assisted writing systems. One of the problems involved in these applications is how to identify information structure in extended texts. This problem is often ignored, assumed to be trivial, or reduced to a sub-problem that does not correspond to the complexity of realistic texts. A handful of computational proposals face the problem directly, but they are generally limited in coverage and all suffer from lack of evaluation. To fully demonstrate the usefulness of information structure, it is essential to apply a theory of information structure to the identification problem and to provide an evaluation method.
    [Show full text]
  • Identity Under Japanese Occupation
    1 “BECOMING JAPANESE:” IDENTITY UNDER JAPANESE OCCUPATION GRADES: 9-12 AUTHOR: Katherine Murphy TOPIC/THEME: Japanese Occupation, World War II, Korean Culture, Identity TIME REQUIRED: Two 60-minute periods BACKGROUND: The lesson is based on the impact of the Japanese occupation of Korea during World War II on Korean culture and identity. In particular, the lesson focuses on the Japanese campaign in 1940 to encourage Koreans to abandon their Korean names and adopt Japanese names. This campaign was known as “sōshi-kaimei." The purpose of this campaign, along with campaigns requiring Koreans to recite an oath to the Japanese Emperor and bow at Shinto shrines, were to make the Korean people “Japanese” and hopefully, loyal subjects of the Japanese Empire by abandoning their Korean identity and loyalties. These cultural policies and campaigns were key to the Japanese war effort during World War II. The lesson draws from the students’ lives as well as two books: Lost Names: Scenes from a Korean Boyhood by Richard E. Kim and Under the Black Umbrella: Voices from Colonial Korea 1910-1945 by Hildi Kang. CURRICULUM CONNECTION: The lesson is intended to use the major themes from the summer reading book Lost Names: Scenes from a Korean Boyhood to introduce students to one of the five essential questions of the World History II course: How is identity constructed? How does identity impact human experience? In first investigating the origin of their own names and the meaning of Korean names, students can begin to explore the question “How is identity constructed?’ In examining how and why the Japanese sought to change the Korean people’s names, religion, etc during World War II, students will understand how global events such as World War II can impact an individual.
    [Show full text]
  • SOAS-AKS Working Papers in Korean Studies No. 33 the K-‐Pop Boom
    School of Oriental and African Studies University of London SOAS-AKS Working Papers in Korean Studies No. 33 The K-Pop Boom in Taiwan Sang-Yeon Sung http://www.soas.ac.uk/japankorea/research/soas-aks-papers/ The K-Pop Boom in Taiwan Sang-Yeon Sung (University of Vienna) © 2012 Introduction Many people consider K-pop – the term being an abbreviation of Korean pop – to be one of the most successful Asian pop musics today. Its popularity and the popularity of its performers have spread not only within the region, but to many Western countries. If the first ‘Korean wave’ was centered in the popularity of Korean soap operas, such as Winter Sonata and Daejangkeum, the second ‘Korean wave’ is about K-pop and K-pop idols, such as Super Junior and Girls’ Generation. In both waves, Taiwan has played an important role in the dissemination of Korean popular culture within the region. Therefore, the K-pop boom in contemporary Taiwan is worthy of examination (after Moskowitz 2011: 4). This paper, based on ethnographic research in Taiwan, discusses the role of the Taiwanese music industry and Taiwanese music fans in the dissemination of K-pop, both in Taiwan and in other Chinese-speaking areas. The sources used are mainly interviews with fans, TV producers, music industry leaders, and officials of the Tourism Bureau in the Ministry of Transportation and Communications of the Republic of China, and have been conducted since March 2000. Taiwan: The Contact Zone of East Asian Pop Music Academic research on the popular culture of East Asia has typically focused on explaining the success of Japanese and Korean genres and styles (Huang 2011; Iwabuchi 2006; Kim 2005; Shim 2006; Sung 2008; Ubonrat & Shin 2007), leaving Taiwan unexplored.
    [Show full text]
  • The K-Pop Wave: an Economic Analysis
    The K-pop Wave: An Economic Analysis Patrick A. Messerlin1 Wonkyu Shin2 (new revision October 6, 2013) ABSTRACT This paper first shows the key role of the Korean entertainment firms in the K-pop wave: they have found the right niche in which to operate— the ‘dance-intensive’ segment—and worked out a very innovative mix of old and new technologies for developing the Korean comparative advantages in this segment. Secondly, the paper focuses on the most significant features of the Korean market which have contributed to the K-pop success in the world: the relative smallness of this market, its high level of competition, its lower prices than in any other large developed country, and its innovative ways to cope with intellectual property rights issues. Thirdly, the paper discusses the many ways the K-pop wave could ensure its sustainability, in particular by developing and channeling the huge pool of skills and resources of the current K- pop stars to new entertainment and art activities. Last but not least, the paper addresses the key issue of the ‘Koreanness’ of the K-pop wave: does K-pop send some deep messages from and about Korea to the world? It argues that it does. Keywords: Entertainment; Comparative advantages; Services; Trade in services; Internet; Digital music; Technologies; Intellectual Property Rights; Culture; Koreanness. JEL classification: L82, O33, O34, Z1 Acknowledgements: We thank Dukgeun Ahn, Jinwoo Choi, Keun Lee, Walter G. Park and the participants to the seminars at the Graduate School of International Studies of Seoul National University, Hanyang University and STEPI (Science and Technology Policy Institute).
    [Show full text]
  • The Korean Wave As a Localizing Process: Nation As a Global Actor in Cultural Production
    THE KOREAN WAVE AS A LOCALIZING PROCESS: NATION AS A GLOBAL ACTOR IN CULTURAL PRODUCTION A Dissertation Submitted to the Temple University Graduate Board In Partial Fulfillment of the Requirements for the Degree DOCTOR OF PHILOSOPHY by Ju Oak Kim May 2016 Examining Committee Members: Fabienne Darling-Wolf, Advisory Chair, Department of Journalism Nancy Morris, Professor, Department of Media Studies and Production Patrick Murphy, Associate Professor, Department of Media Studies and Production Dal Yong Jin, Associate Professor, School of Communication, Simon Fraser University © Copyright 2016 by Ju Oak Kim All Rights Reserved ii ABSTRACT This dissertation research examines the Korean Wave phenomenon as a social practice of globalization, in which state actors have promoted the transnational expansion of Korean popular culture through creating trans-local hybridization in popular content and intra-regional connections in the production system. This research focused on how three agencies – the government, public broadcasting, and the culture industry – have negotiated their relationships in the process of globalization, and how the power dynamics of these three production sectors have been influenced by Korean society’s politics, economy, geography, and culture. The importance of the national media system was identified in the (re)production of the Korean Wave phenomenon by examining how public broadcasting-centered media ecology has control over the development of the popular music culture within Korean society. The Korean Broadcasting System (KBS)’s weekly show, Music Bank, was the subject of analysis regarding changes in the culture of media production in the phase of globalization. In-depth interviews with media professionals and consumers who became involved in the show production were conducted in order to grasp the patterns that Korean television has generated in the global expansion of local cultural practices.
    [Show full text]
  • Big Bang – Shout out to the World!
    Big Bang – Shout Out To The World! (English Translation) [2009] Shout out to the World: TOP “I came here because of that string of hope. Where do I stand now? I ask myself this but even I don’t have a specific answer yet. During the process where I search for my other self, all my worries will fade away because I must find the person who will lend his shoulders to me.” ~TOP Name: Choi Seung-hyun Date of Birth: November 4, 1987 Skills: Rap, Writing lyrics, Beatbox *Starred in the KBS Drama, ‘I am Sam’ The power to awaken a soul, sometimes it takes pain to be re-born. [~ Pt.One~] -I once wanted to be a lyric poet that composed and recited verses.- I became mesmerized with ‘Hip-Hop’ music when I was in Grade 5. I went crazy for this type of music because I listened to it all day and carefully noted all the rap lyrics. If we have to talk about Hip-Hop music, I have to briefly talk about the roots of American Hip-Hop. When I first started listening to Hip-Hop, it was divided up into East Coast and West Coast in America. Wu Tang Clan and Notorius B.I.G. represented the East Coast (New York) scene and they focused largely on the rap and the lyrics, while representing the West Coast (LA) was 2Pac who focused more on the melody. Although at that time in Korea and from my memory, more people listened to West Coast hip hop but I was more into the East Coast style.
    [Show full text]
  • Korean Romanization
    Checked for validity and accuracy – October 2017 ROMANIZATION OF KOREAN FOR THE DEMOCRATIC PEOPLE’S REPUBLIC OF KOREA McCune-Reischauer System (with minor modifications) BGN/PCGN 1945 Agreement This system for romanizing Korean was devised by G.M. McCune and E.O. Reischauer, and was originally published in the Transactions of the Korea Branch of the Royal Asiatic Society, Volume XXIX, 1939. It has been used by the BGN since 1943, and was later adopted for use by the PCGN. Until 2011 it was used by BGN and PCGN for the romanization of Korean geographical names in Korea as a whole. In 2011 BGN and PCGN approved the use of the Republic of Korea’s national system (created by the ROK’s Ministry of Culture and Tourism in 2000) for the romanization of Korean in the Republic of Korea only. As of 2011, therefore, this McCune-Reischauer system is used by BGN and PCGN only for the romanization of geographical names in the Democratic People’s Republic of Korea. A main characteristic of this system is the attempt to represent approximate Korean pronunciation, while systematically converting the han’gŭl characters to corresponding Roman-script letters. Since Korean pronunciation is often inconsistently represented in han’gŭl, the McCune-Reischauer conversion tables are rather elaborate, and reverse conversion (from Roman-script back to han’gŭl) presents varied difficulties. Since the McCune-Reischauer system was first introduced, there have been a number of orthographical developments in Korean, giving rise to han’gŭl letter combinations not addressed by the original system. These additional graphic environments have been assessed, and are addressed here.
    [Show full text]
  • The Effect of Hedonic Motivation and Consumer Attitudes Towards Purchase Decision on K-Pop CD Albums (Study on KPOPSURABAYA Community)
    The Effect of Hedonic Motivation and Consumer Attitudes Towards Purchase Decision on K-Pop CD Albums (Study on KPOPSURABAYA Community) Devita Anggraini Lestari1, Monika Tiarawati2 State University of Surabaya [email protected], [email protected] Abstract: The rapid enthusiasm of Korean pop music or K-Pop is very high among the millennial generation. The mushrooming of online music streaming like Joox, Spotify, Apple music has made the CD album sales threatened. However, K-Pop fans apparently are still enthusiastic about buying a CD album even though the price is quite expensive. This study discusses the hedomic motivations and consumers attitudes towards purchasing decisions. This type of research used in this study is a combination of purposive sampling techniques. Data collection is done by using an online questionnaire using Google forms. The statistical analysis used in this study uses SPSS and data analysis techniques in this study use the classic assumption test, multiple linear regression analysis, and hypothesis testing. It can be explained that the results of the analysis show that hedonic motivations and consumer attitudes has significant influential on purchasing decisions. Keywords: Consumer Attitudes, Hedonic Motivation, Purchase Decision INTRODUCTION The mushrooming of boyband’s or girlband’s concert tours in Indonesia shows that how much Korean music is more interested in this country compared to other countries' musicians marked by a Super Junior concert titled Super Show 4 on April 2012 in Indonesia that makes Indonesian music fans love them. Indonesia became a stop on their concert tour, such as BIGBANG, 2NE1, 2PM, to BTS. According to Franki Raden (2014) in (Zaini, 2017), the development of K-pop due to the availability of infrastructure and mechanisms, Korea has succeeded in instilling awareness of the importance of music in people's daily lives.
    [Show full text]
  • Cultural Production in Transnational Culture: an Analysis of Cultural Creators in the Korean Wave
    International Journal of Communication 15(2021), 1810–1835 1932–8036/20210005 Cultural Production in Transnational Culture: An Analysis of Cultural Creators in the Korean Wave DAL YONG JIN1 Simon Fraser University, Canada By employing cultural production approaches in conjunction with the global cultural economy, this article attempts to determine the primary characteristics of the rapid growth of local cultural industries and the global penetration of Korean cultural content. It documents major creators and their products that are received in many countries to identify who they are and what the major cultural products are. It also investigates power relations between cultural creators and the surrounding sociocultural and political milieu, discussing how cultural creators develop local popular culture toward the global cultural markets. I found that cultural creators emphasize the importance of cultural identity to appeal to global audiences as well as local audiences instead of emphasizing solely hybridization. Keywords: cultural production, Hallyu, cultural creators, transnational culture Since the early 2010s, the Korean Wave (Hallyu in Korean) has become globally popular, and media scholars (Han, 2017; T. J. Yoon & Kang, 2017) have paid attention to the recent growth of Hallyu in many parts of the world. Although the influence of Western culture has continued in the Korean cultural market as well as elsewhere, local cultural industries have expanded the exportation of their popular culture to several regions in both the Global South and the Global North. Social media have especially played a major role in disseminating Korean culture (Huang, 2017; Jin & Yoon, 2016), and Korean popular culture is arguably reaching almost every corner of the world.
    [Show full text]
  • Understanding Korean Society Through Popular Music
    Situations Vol. 5 (Winter 2011) © 2011 by Yonsei University Hannah N. Bergen (Yonsei University, Seoul) Understanding Korean Society through Popular Music Today one of the most unique aspects of inter-Asian cultural sharing is the hallyu wave. This social phenomenon began in Seoul, South Korea and today accounts for the all pervasive nature of Korean popular entertainment dominating the airwaves of nearly every Asian country. From Japan to Thailand, “K-pop” has conquered the Asian market, and is now turning its attention to the rest of the world. In order to illustrate this current social phenomenon, I have found many sources that all point to the same aspects in K-pop which have allowed one small country to make their entertainment business one of its most lucrative exports. The hallyu wave as a whole has become a blending of uniquely Korean culture with aspects of Western and other Asian cultures which has created a style unique to this particular moment of history. In the words of Sun Jung, author of the article “Korean Masculinities and Transcultural Consumption: Yonsama, Rain, Oldboy, K-Pop Idols,” “Transcultural hybridity is one of the most significant aspects of contemporary South Korean popular culture in the postmodern era and is the main driving force behind its overseas popularity” (Jung 166). This combination has allowed the music and film from Korea to be extremely accessible to a wide audience of various nationalities and languages. In order to clearly illustrate the international success of hallyu, I will focus on one specific aspect of current Korean popular culture: music.
    [Show full text]
  • South Korea's Engagement in Central Asia
    South Korea’s Engagement in Central Asia from the End of the Cold War to the “New Asia Initiative” Matteo Fumagalli Central European University The Journal of Northeast Asian History Volume 9 Number 2 (Winter 2012), 69-97 Copyright © 2012 by the Northeast Asian History Foundation. All Rights Reserved. No portion of the contents may be reproduced in any form without written permission of the Northeast Asian History Foundation. South Korea’s Engagement in Central Asia from the End of the Cold War to the “New Asia Initiative” This paper examines South Korea’s engagement in Central Asia as a case study of the country’s broader efforts to establish itself as a more assertive regional and global economic and political player. Embedding the analysis in the account of the evolving nature of Korean-Central Asian relations over the past two decades, the paper locates Korea’s policy towards the region within its attempts to tackle energy vulnerability. Without the “political baggage” that accompanies the presence of other major players, Korea’s economically-driven country-specific strategy is yielding significant results. Keywords: Central Asia, Korea’s foreign policy, diaspora, identity, trade, energy, investment South Korea’s Engagement in Central Asia from the End of the Cold War to the “New Asia Initiative” Matteo Fumagalli Central European University Introduction In the early 1990s South Korea quickly dislodged the ties that North Korea had with the Soviet successor states, which were a legacy of earlier Soviet-North Korean relations. Those ties, of course, included relations with the Central Asian republics of Kazakhstan, Kyrgyzstan, Tajikistan, Turkmenistan, and Uzbekistan.
    [Show full text]