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X Congreso Argentino De Paleontología Y Bioestratigrafía Y VII Congreso Latinoamericano De Paleontología

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X Congreso Argentino De Paleontología Y Bioestratigrafía Y VII Congreso Latinoamericano De Paleontología X Congreso Argentino de Paleontología y Bioestratigrafía y VII Congreso Latinoamericano de Paleontología SIMPOSIO II El Paleógeno de América del Sur y Central. PRESENTACIONES • Da Silva‐Caminha S.A.F. A synthesis on Paleogene continental fossils of Brazil. • Doria G. El Paleógeno del norte de América del Sur: qué sabemos y qué queremos saber. • Ochoa D. and Jaramillo C. Significant shift in Neotropical plant diversity during the Paleocene‐ Eocene Thermal Maximum Event. • Bellosi E.S. Climas y ambientes fluctuantes en la Patagonia central (Argentina) durante el Cenozoico Medio. • Ramos V.A. y Bechis F. Las ingresiones marinas terciarias de la Cordillera Patagónica. • Madden R.H., Dunn R.E., Kohn M.J., Strömberg C.A.E. and Carlini A.A. Geochronology and timescales in the evolution of mammalian tooth shape: the Paleogene of Patagonia. A synthesis on the Paleogene continental fossils of Brazil S.A.F. DA Silva ‐Caminha1 Very few paleontological studies have been carried out in the Paleogene of Brazil. Most of the research is limited to southeastern Brazil, in the Rio de Janeiro, São Paulo and Minas Gerais States. Mollusks, frogs, birds, Chelonia, crocodilians, Ophidia, mammals and some plants (Psidium, Celtis and Myrtaceae) have been found in the late Paleocene of the Itaborai Basin. The Fonseca Basin contains well‐preserved leaves, with carbonized cuticles. Some angiosperm families can be found in the Fonseca Formation as Annonaceae, Bignoniaceae, Combretaceae, Euphorbiaceae, Lauraceae, Leguminosae, Malvaceae, Malphighiaceae, Melastomataceae, Meliaceae, Menispermaceae, Mimosaceae, Monimiaceae, Myrsinaceae, Myrtaceae, Rutaceae, Sapindaceae, Sapotaceae, Theaceae and Tiliaceae. Palynological data from the Fonseca Formation indicate an Eocene age. Some plant and animal fossils from the Oligocene are described in the Aiuruoca Basin (Entre‐Córregos Formation) as plant leaves (Anonnaceae and Lauraceae), stems, fruits, fishes, amphibians and insects. In the Tremembé Formation (Taubaté Basin), it has been reported a large amount of fossils as fishes, reptiles, birds and mammals, dated as late Oligocene/Miocene. 1 Universidade Federal do Mato Grosso, Lab. de Paleontología. Fernando Corrêa da Costa, nº 2367, Boa Esperança, CEP: 78060‐900, Cuiabá, MT, Brazil. [email protected] El Paleógeno del norte de América del Sur: qué sabemos y qué queremos saber G. DORIA1 Se cree que la expansión y diversificación de los ecosistemas neotropicales ocurrieron posteriormente a la extinción masiva del límite Cretácico‐Paleógeno (~65 Ma). Sin embargo, los patrones de diversificación de floras y faunas neotropicales durante el Paleógeno han sido poco estudiados y no han sido tenidos en cuenta para probar los mecanismos que explican tal diversidad. Aquí se resume una serie de trabajos paleobiológicos que abordan el origen de los ecosistemas tropicales en el Paleoceno y Eoceno de Colombia y Venezuela, y las condiciones climáticas en las que aparecieron. Hoy se sabe que muchas familias de plantas comunes en bosques neotropicales actuales ya estaban presentes en el Paleoceno del norte de Colombia (Formación Cerrejón, ~58‐60 Ma). Sin embargo, la alta diversidad característica de los ecosistemas actuales solo se detecta a principios del Eoceno, lo cual se correlaciona con el calentamiento global del Eoceno temprano. Los bosques del Paleógeno del norte de América del Sur además albergaban una rica fauna incluyendo reptiles gigantes, aves y mamíferos. Estos estudios paleontológicos son pioneros en el norte sudamericano y, sumados a información creciente sobre geología y clima, darán como resultado el registro de la diversidad biológica del Neotrópico durante los últimos 65 millones de años. Los nuevos datos acumulados permitirán conocer qué mecanismos produjeron la alta diversidad en los trópicos actuales, su historia filogenética, biogeográfica y la posible correlación de los patrones evolutivos de estos ecosistemas con perturbaciones climáticas. 1 School of Forestry and Environmental Studies, Yale University, 195 Prospect Street, New Haven, Connecticut, EEUU. Center for Tropical Paleoecology and Archeology, Smithsonian Tropical Research Institute, Balboa, Ancón, Panamá. [email protected] Significant shift in Neotropical plant diversity during the Paleocene‐Eocene Thermal Maximum Event D. OCHOA LOZANO1,2 and C. JARAMILLO2 The Paleocene‐Eocene Thermal Maximum (PETM) is recognized by an increase in global temperatures of ~5ºC over a period of 10 to 20 ka. This warming is associated with a marked global decreasing in the carbon isotope (ä13C) signal, that has been recorded both in marine and terrestrial environments. We analyzed pollen floras from sections across the PETM in eastern Colombia and western Venezuela. The floral patterns and behaviours were analyzed through several statistical techniques, including rarefaction, cluster analysis, origination and extinction index, and range‐ through. Also, carbon isotope analyses were used to identify the PETM interval within the sections. Our results strongly suggest a marked increase in diversity, and a considerable change in flora composition during the PETM. These variations in the flora seem to occur in two phases. The lower half of the PETM is characterized by extinction of many Paleocene taxa (~ 35%), in association with a major increase in origination. The upper half of the PETM is characterized by a larger number of originations and low number of extinctions. In summary, the PETM interval is associated with a rapid increase in the number of species added to the Paleocene flora rather than extinction events. These patterns suggest that this fast global warming, 55 millon years ago, was a major factor in enhancing the tropical diversity. A possible scenario for this significant increase in diversity may be related to a combination of high levels of precipitation and CO2 concentrations; both factors could help tropical plants to survive under elevated temperatures. 1 Biological Sciences Department, East Tennessee State University. 807 University Parkway, Johnson City, TN 37614. [email protected] 2 Smithsonian Tropical Research Institute. Roosvelt Ave. Tupper Building‐401, CTPA, Balboa, Ancón, Panamá, República de Panamá. [email protected] Climas y ambientes fluctuantes en la Patagonia central (Argentina) durante el Cenozoico medio E.S. BELLOSI1 Diversa información obtenida de la Formación Sarmiento permite inferir, con alta resolución cronológica, los cambios climáticos y de paisajes acaecidos en la planicie costera centropatagónica, sometida a un sostenido pero variable influjo aéreo piroclástico entre el Eoceno medio‐Mioceno temprano. Las principales modificaciones ambientales definen once etapas en dicho lapso: 1) Eoceno medio (41,6‐38,4 Ma), llanuras onduladas y lagunas pantanosas con continuas caídas de cenizas en clima cálido/templado subhúmedo/semiárido estacional. Vastos palmares y aparición de pastizales subordinados. 2) Eoceno medio alto (38,4‐38 Ma), cambio a condiciones templadas semiárido/áridas, estabilización ambiental, reducción de vegetación y del suministro de tefra. 3) Eoceno tardío (37,3‐ 36,6 Ma), mejoramiento climático (templado/cálido subhúmedo estacional), instalación de sistema fluvial efímero, expansión de pastizales e incremento de pastadores. 4) Eoceno tardío alto (36,6‐35 Ma), erosión menor y cambio del paisaje debido posiblemente al clima. 5) Transición Eoceno‐ Oligoceno (35‐33,3 Ma), desecación y probable enfriamiento (primera glaciación antártica). Restablecimiento de planicies loéssicas templado semiáridas, inestables por copiosas caídas de cenizas y con pobre vegetación. 6) Oligoceno temprano (33‐31,1 Ma), descenso del nivel del mar y/o comienzo de rifting. Erosión (pérdida de registro estratigráfico), profundización de valles y aumento de relieve. 7) Oligoceno medio (31,1‐26 Ma), erupciones volcánicas locales, explosivas y lávicas. Gradual mejoramiento climático y desarrollo de planicie de sistema fluvial entrelazado. 8) Oligoceno tardío (26‐24,2 Ma), transgresión marina (“juliense”) en zonas litorales. Ambiente estable, cálido/templado subhúmedo/húmedo estacional (calentamiento Oligoceno tardío), con ríos meandriformes permanentes. Se favorece expansión de bosques abiertos y pastizales. 9) Mioceno basal (~21 Ma), descenso del mar, incisión de valles y erosión en el continente y plataforma submarina (pérdida significativa de registro estratigráfico). 10) Mioceno temprano bajo (20,4‐20 Ma), dilatada transgresión marina (“superpatagoniense”), sin generación de barreras. Relleno de valles fluviales bajo clima templado/cálido subhúmedo con bosques en galería y pastizales. 11) Mioceno temprano alto (20‐18,7 Ma), cambio a condiciones semiáridas y nuevo avance de llanuras loéssicas con vegetación reducida. 1 Museo Argentino de Ciencias Naturales Bernardino Rivadavia, Avenida Ángel Gallardo 470, (C1405DJR) Buenos Aires, Argentina. [email protected] Las ingresiones marinas terciarias de la Cordillera Patagónica V.A. RAMOS1 y F. BECHIS2 Las ingresiones marinas terciarias de la Cordillera Patagónica tienen dos regiones con características geológicas diferentes. Un sector en las provincias de Santa Cruz y Tierra del Fuego y regiones adyacentes chilenas, y uno entre Bariloche y Esquel. El sector austral corresponde a la Formación Centinela, que se apoya sobre el Basalto Posadas y está en discordancia por debajo de la Formación Santa Cruz. Hay continuidad física entre los afloramientos de esta unidad y el Patagoniano en la costa atlántica; ambas son parte de la cuenca de
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