Monitoring Temporal Trends in Catostomidae Larvae in Large Sized River Tributaries
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Eastern Illinois University The Keep Masters Theses Student Theses & Publications Summer 2020 Monitoring Temporal Trends in Catostomidae Larvae in Large Sized River Tributaries Kellie Nicole Hanser Eastern Illinois University Follow this and additional works at: https://thekeep.eiu.edu/theses Part of the Biology Commons Recommended Citation Hanser, Kellie Nicole, "Monitoring Temporal Trends in Catostomidae Larvae in Large Sized River Tributaries" (2020). Masters Theses. 4825. https://thekeep.eiu.edu/theses/4825 This Dissertation/Thesis is brought to you for free and open access by the Student Theses & Publications at The Keep. It has been accepted for inclusion in Masters Theses by an authorized administrator of The Keep. For more information, please contact [email protected]. MONITORING TEMPORAL TRENDS IN CATOSTOMIDAE LARVAE IN LARGE SIZED RIVER TRIBUTARIES A Thesis Submitted for the Requirements for the Degree of Master of Science By: Kellie Nicole Hanser B.S Southeast Missouri State University, 2017 May 2020 Department of Biological Sciences Eastern Illinois University ACKNOWLEDGMENTS During my time at Eastern Illinois University, I truly pushed my limits as an aspiring biologist that unequivocally would not be where I am without the support and friendship I developed along the way. I’d like to thank my advisor Dr. Rob Colombo for guiding me and helping me become the biologist I am today. During the most difficult moments, Rob was an unwavering ally and great mentor. I’d like to also thank the other members of my thesis committee, Dr. Anthony Porreca and Dr. Yordan Yordanov, for their patience and help throughout the whole process. Without my committee, the research project would not have been possible. Thanks to the Center of Fisheries Research and Aquatic Sciences Lab, including all interns, seasonal help, and volunteers, for all the tremendous help and laughs throughout my two years. To Sam Schaick, Seth Bogue and Kaleb Wood, I have truly never worked with a better group of peers and I’m grateful to have made life long friendships. Special thanks to my partner in crime, Sam Schaick for keeping larval fish sampling enjoyable even after days of chaos. To the person who makes everything function, I give thanks to Cassi Carpenter for all the help and support with my project. I could come to you with a problem or question at any moment and you would be there to help guide me in the right direction. Finally, I would like to give thanks to my family and friends. Without the support from home, graduate school would have been impossible to complete. No matter what I do or where I go in life, I know I have the full support of my family and friends to keep me going. TABLE OF CONTENTS MONITORING TEMPORAL TRENDS IN CATOSTOMIDAE LARVAE IN LARGE SIZED RIVER TRIBUTARIES.................................................................................................................. 1 By: ................................................................................................................................................... 1 ACKNOWLEDGMENTS .............................................................................................................. 2 LIST OF TABLES .......................................................................................................................... 4 LIST OF FIGURES ........................................................................................................................ 6 ABSTRACT .................................................................................................................................... 8 INTRODUCTION ........................................................................................................................ 10 MATERIALS AND METHODS .................................................................................................. 14 Study Area ......................................................................................................... Error! Bookmark not defined. Sampling & Laboratory Technique .................................................................... Error! Bookmark not defined. Statistical Analysis ............................................................................................. Error! Bookmark not defined. RESULTS ..................................................................................................................................... 18 DISCUSSION ............................................................................................................................... 22 LITERATURE CITED ................................................................................................................. 27 TABLES ....................................................................................................................................... 35 FIGURES ...................................................................................................................................... 40 LIST OF TABLES Table 1: The total amount of catostomid larvae collected, gear types combined, throuhgout 2016 – 2018 sample seasons. The Little Wabash River, Embarras River, and Vermilion River are tributaries of the Wabash River. The Sangamon River, Spoon River, and Mackinaw River are tributaries of the Illinois River. ................................................................................................................................ 35 Table 2: The avergae annual CPUE (number of larvae per 100m3 of water filtered ± standard error) and total number of larvae collected for both drift nets (DN) and larval push nets (LP) for each tributary in 2016 – 2018 sample years. The Little Wabash River, Embarras River, and Vermilion River are tributaries of the Wabash River. The Sangamon River, Spoon River, and Mackinaw River are tributaries of the Illinois River. ..................................................................................................... 36 Table 3: Multiple analysis of variance (MANOVA) testing the effect abiotic variables on sample year, tributary and the interaction between sample year and tributary. Included are the univariate tests of each abiotic parameter showing the effect of year, tributary, and the interaction between year and system. .................................................................................................................................... 37 Table 4: The first two principal components explained 67.8% of the variation in the principal component analysis (PCA). Principal component one (PC1) loaded the variables conductivity, pH, discharge and gauge height loaded onto its axis while principal component two (PC2) loaded the variables water temperature and dissolved oxygen onto its axis. Determination of how variables load onto which axis is determined by the absolute value of the variable. ................................................... 38 Table 5: Coefficients of mutliple logisitic regressions of the probablility of catostomid larvae presence and abitoic variables. The two models, “Illinois” and “Wabash”, represent 2016 – 2018 sample years and tributuries combined of each respective system. Catch per unit effort (CPUE) was represented as the average annual number of adult catostomids captured in the main river of each sysytem. Asterisks represent significant variables in the model. .................................................. 39 LIST OF FIGURES Figure 1: Area map depicting study extent (top center): the tributaries of the Illinois River (Mackinaw River, Spoon River, and Sangamon River) on the lower left and the tributaries of the Wabash River (Vermilion River, Embarras Rover, and Little Wabash River) on the lower right. Sample sites on each tributary indicated by diamond symbol. ............................................................................... 40 Figure 2: Annual catch per unit effort (CPUE ± SE) of catostomid larvae among drift nets (DN) and larval push nets (LP) in the tributaries of the Wabash River (Little Wabash River (LW), Embarras River (EM), and Vermilion River (VE)) and tributaries of the Illinois River (Sangamon River (SA), Spoon River (SP), and Mackinaw River (MA)) from 2016 - 2018. CPUE was Log10 transformed and calculated as the number of catostomid larvae per 100m3of water filtered. .......................... 41 Figure 3: Annual average water parameters with standard error for the tributaries of the Wabash River (LW, EM, and VE) and the tributaries of the Illinois River (SA, SP, and MA). Each yearly average (2016 – 2018) is represented but the Kruskal-Wallis Test is based on the three-year average. A tributary that is statistically similar to another tributary is represented by matching alphabetical labels. A tributary that is statistically different from another tributary is represented by having dissimilar alphabetical labels. ....................................................................................................... 42 Figure 4: A series of principal components analyses (PCA) representing changes between two different systems over three years. The top left graph is a summation of all abiotic variables collected over three years; water temperature and dissolved oxygen (DO) are loaded onto principal component one while gauge height, discharge, conductivity and are loaded onto principal component two. The following three graphs represents each year pulled out from the overall summarization to display the difference between each sample year. The red data points represent the tributaries