PONY CLUB ASSOCIATION OF SOUTH AUSTRALIA INC

GUIDELINES FOR THE

SAFETY & COMFORT OF THE RIDER AND

INCORPORATING THE

GEAR CHECKING MANUAL

January 2020 2 PCASA GEAR CHECKING MANUAL January 2020

PCASA GEAR CHECKING MANUAL January 2020 3

* * REMEMBER * *

RIDERS NEED TO BE

SAFE TO RIDE

In order to

RIDE SAFELY

4 PCASA GEAR CHECKING MANUAL January 2020

FOREWARD

by

DR WARWICK VALE BSc BVMS (Hons II) FEI Veterinary Delegate Honorary Veterinary Advisor to the PCAWA (Past Pony Club Member)

Any Equestrian organisation that aims to produce a comprehensive instructional manual or handbook that offers its sport a template for improvement and development, must inevitably draw on all its resources and energy reserves. Manuals like these are essential tools in the training of officials in sports and also meet the mandatory requirements of good sport governance and risk management.

There are many difficulties faced in conducting such a project and these stem from a number of areas.

The successful integration of acquired wisdom, horsemanship and history with the elements of newer technologies/equipment, advances in equitation, more progressive coaching practices and better horse management is no easy task. The distillation of long practiced procedures and commonly held belief systems into a formalised and substantiated document presents a unique challenge.

The presentation of such complex sporting technical matters into readable material that is also an applicable educational resource for equestrian people of all types, both young and inexperienced through to those that are older and wiser is also a difficult goal to achieve.

The areas of safety, risk, injury, welfare and insurance all directly influence the governance and management of sports in these times, now more so than ever. The Risk Management plans of all sporting organisations are often addressed by the development of written resource materials. These are successfully used to reduce the risk profile in sports that by their inherent nature are risky for the participants. The riding of today can best be regarded as a high risk activity by anybody‟s measure. Within the Pony Club movement, the modern focus upon Pony Club activities that are more “competitively based” in addition to the traditional “pleasure” and coaching activities has also increased the pressure in this area. PCASA GEAR CHECKING MANUAL January 2020 5

This manual is meant to be read by both the Pony Club equestrian novice and the Pony Club equestrian “master”. Both will benefit from its readability, its accuracy in detail, and the comprehensive approach that has been taken. It is a fantastic reference for the casual rider and those that compete with somewhat more passion and vigor. As such this manual must, in my opinion, be viewed as the standard reference that is still very much a work in constant progress and evolution.

It is my belief that a manual like this is long overdue and has immense value for the PCA movement across Australia. I can say, that it is my experience and opinion that this manual, is not only a cut above what is currently on offer, but it can also now define itself as a manual that will set a standard for equestrian sports development, training and management in the future for any equestrian group in the world.

I personally see the timely implementation of this manual as a core responsibility of the management team of the PCAWA and I congratulate them and the sport technical volunteers that have written this manual for their initiative and Herculean effort.

Dr. Warwick Vale BSc BVMS (Hons II) FEI Veterinary Delegate Honorary Veterinary Advisor to the PCAWA (past Pony Club Member)

This PCASA Gear Checkers Manual has been adapted from the PCAWA Manual. The Pony Club Association of South Australia wishes to express acknowledgement to PCAWA for the ground work and information provided in the West Australian Manual. 6 PCASA GEAR CHECKING MANUAL January 2020

TABLE OF CONTENTS

FOREWARD ...... 4 INTRODUCTION ...... 9 INSURANCE ...... 10 MEASURES ...... 10 A GEAR CHECKER'S LAMENT ...... 11 TEMPORARY ADJUSTMENT OF ILL-FITTING GEAR ...... 12 UNIFORM & SADDLERY REQUIREMENTS FOR PONY CLUB ...... 13 GEAR CHECKING AT PONY CLUB RALLIES, EFFICIENCY CERTIFICATES, COMPETITIONS etc...... 14 1. OBJECTIVES ...... 14 2. ADJUSTING GEAR ...... 14 3. GEAR CHECKERS ...... 15 4. RISK MANAGEMENT & SAFETY ...... 15 5. ACTIVITY ORGANISERS ...... 16 QUALIFICATION FOR GEAR CHECKERS ...... 17 1. WHY BECOME QUALIFIED? ...... 17 2. QUALIFICATION IS IMPORTANT BECAUSE: ...... 17 3. CRITERIA FOR QUALIFICATION ...... 17 SUGGESTED PROCEDURE FOR GEAR CHECKING...... 18 1. INSPECTION OF RIDER...... 18 2. INSPECTION OF SADDLERY ...... 18 3. INSPECTION OF HORSE ...... 19 GEAR CHECKERS‟ REPORT FORM ...... 20 NOT PERMITTED AT ANY PCASA ACTIVITY ...... 21 PCASA UNIFORM – RIDER - GENERAL ...... 22 1. PROTECTIVE HEADGEAR...... 22 2. PROTECTIVE HEADGEAR – FITTING ...... 23 3. SHIRTS ...... 23 4. LONG SLEEVED POLO/RUGBY TOPS ...... 23 5. TIES ...... 23 6. PONY CLUB / ZONE V-NECKED JUMPER IN REGISTERED COLOUR/S ...... 24 7. BADGE ...... 24 8. JODHPURS ...... 24 9. BOOTS ...... 24 10. LEGGINGS / GAITERS ...... 25 11. CHAPETTES ...... 25 12. ...... 25 13. JEWELLERY ...... 25 14. GLASSES ...... 25 15. GLOVES ...... 25 16. HAIR ...... 26 17. MAKE UP ...... 26 18. BODY PROTECTORS...... 26 PCASA – THE HORSE or PONY - GENERAL ...... 27 1. HORSE/PONY ...... 27 2. MANE - SAFETY NOTE ...... 28 ABUSE OF THE HORSE or PONY ...... 29 1. ABUSE ...... 29 2. - ABUSE ...... 29 3. - ABUSE ...... 30 4. - ABUSE ...... 30

PCASA - SADDLERY - GENERAL ...... 31 PCASA GEAR CHECKING MANUAL January 2020 7

BRIDLE ...... 31 1. SNAFFLE – PARTS ...... 31 2. SNAFFLE BRIDLE - TYPES ...... 32 3. SNAFFLE BRIDLE - FITTING ...... 33 4. STUD BILLETS ...... 33 5. BUCKLES ...... 34 BITS ...... 35 1. – HOW TO MEASURE ...... 35 2. SNAFFLE BIT - RINGS ...... 35 3. SNAFFLE BIT - MOUTHPIECES ...... 35 4. SNAFFLE BIT - FITTING ...... 36 5. KIMBLEWICK (Spanish Snaffle) ...... 36 6. PELHAM & KIMBLEWICK MOUTHPIECES ...... 37 7. DOUBLE ...... 37 8. ADJUSTMENT ...... 37 9. DUTCH GAG / PESSOA ...... 37 10. BIT GUARDS ...... 38 MISCELLEANEOUS GEAR ...... 39 1. FLY VEILS ...... 39 2. Pollen Filters/nose guards ...... 39

NOSEBANDS ...... 40 1. - TYPES ...... 40 2. NOSEBANDS – FITTING ...... 41 NOSEBANDS WITH BITS AND CHAINS ...... 43 ...... 44 1. SHORTENING ...... 44 2. REIN ATTACHMENT ...... 44 3. POLOCROSSE/NOVELTY SNAP REINS ...... 44 4. GRASS REINS ...... 45 MARTINGALES ...... 46 1. RUNNING ...... 46 2. IRISH MARTINGALE ...... 46 3. NECK STOPPER ...... 47 4. REIN STOPPERS ...... 47 NECK STRAP ...... 48 ...... 49 1. SADDLES ...... 49 2. PARTS OF A ...... 50 3. SADDLE FITTING ...... 51 4. SADDLE FIT – HOW TO CHECK ...... 52 5. POORLY FITTING SADDLES ...... 53 6. TEMPORARY FIXING ...... 54 7. PROBLEMS ARISING FROM POORLY FITTING SADDLES ...... 54 8. SITES OF COMMON INJURIES DUE TO POORLY FITTING SADDLES ...... 55 9. MEASURING A SADDLE ...... 55 10. TYPES OF SADDLES ...... 56 BREASTPLATES ...... 57 1. STOCKMAN / HUNTING ...... 57 2. RACING BREASTPLATE OR BREASTGIRTH ...... 58 3. CONTINENTAL BREASTPLATE / BREASTGIRTH ...... 58 4. ELASTIC “Y” FITTING OLYMPIC BREASTPLATE ...... 58 ...... 59 GIRTHS ...... 60 ...... 61 BUCKLE GUARDS ...... 61 SADDLE CLOTHS/NUMNAHS ...... 62 1. SADDLE CLOTHS ...... 62 8 PCASA GEAR CHECKING MANUAL January 2020

2. NUMNAHS ...... 62 STIRRUP LEATHERS ...... 63 STIRRUP IRONS ...... 63 1. STIRRUP IRONS – FIT ...... 64 2. STRAIGHT IRONS ...... 64 3. QUICK RELEASE STIRRUP IRONS ...... 64 4. PEACOCK IRONS ...... 65 5. BENT IRONS ...... 65 6. JAKOB ...... 65 7. STIRRUP TREADS ...... 66 8. TOE STOPPERS ...... 66 9. CLOGS ...... 66 10. OXBOW STIRRUPS...... 66 ...... 67 1. LOOP HANDLES ...... 67 2. GENERAL PURPOSE WHIPS ...... 67 3. WHIPS ...... 67 4. JUMPING WHIPS ...... 67 5. LUNGE WHIPS ...... 67 6. MEASURING A WHIP ...... 67 7. WHIPS ...... 68 8. WHIPS – HOW TO CARRY ...... 68 INDICATORS / RIBBONS IN TAIL ...... 68 BANDAGES / BOOTS / ...... 69 1. TYPES OF BOOTS ...... 69 NO-NO‟S AT PONY CLUB ACTIVITIES ...... 70 VARIOUS COMBINATIONS OF GEAR ...... 71 HEAD COLLAR ...... 72 ...... 72 KNOTS FOR TYING UP ...... 73 GEAR CHECKERS‟ REPORT FORM ...... 74

PONY CLUB ASSOCIATION OF SOUTH AUSTRALIA INC PCASA GEAR CHECKING MANUAL January 2020 9

GUIDELINES FOR THE SAFETY & COMFORT OF THE RIDER AND HORSE INCORPORATING THE GEAR CHECKING MANUAL

INTRODUCTION

Welcome to the Guidelines for the Safety and Comfort of the Rider and Horse incorporating the Gear Checking Manual.

The aim of this Manual is for the Safety of the Rider, the Comfort of the Horse and to instill a sense of pride in the rider‟s quality of presentation at all Pony Club activities (disciplines).

It is our duty of care – not forgetting Risk Management – to provide easy access to this information that is clear and precise.

The Report Form for a Gear Checking Appointment is included.

 Any incorrect, ill fitting or unsafe gear must be noted on this Gear Check Report Form. Only names of riders (and their Club) with incorrect, ill fitting or unsafe gear should be recorded. In the event of a dispute, assistance should be sought from either the Pony Club Steward, Chief Judge or Ground Jury who must sign the form after inspecting the rider and their mount and permitting them to compete.

 The Gear Check Report Form is to be filled in and forwarded to the PCASA after every Zone, Inter Zone and Championship activity.

 The Report Forms help the Rules Advisory Committee keep track of the standard and any problem areas that may need to be addressed.

 Clubs are encouraged to use these forms at other activities and so improve the standard within their Club and Zone.

Please take the time to study this Manual and implement the necessary changes where required. If Coaches help to improve the standard and knowledge at Club level, then the task for the Gear Checkers at Zone level will be minimal and at Championship level will be a mere formality.

Should you have any comments or queries please direct them, in writing, to the PCASA Rules Advisory Committee. 10 PCASA GEAR CHECKING MANUAL January 2020

INSURANCE

Under the current Insurance Policy held by the Australian Pony Club Board that covers the PCASA, Pony Club appointed Officials such as Gear Checkers are covered while undertaking the appointment, and are covered for any directions or decisions they make in regard to riders, as long as such directions or decisions fully uphold the relevant PCASA or PCA rulings.

STIRRUP MEASURES

Clubs could include a wooden Measure block with this manual to assist Gear Checkers with the task of checking stirrup measurements. The Measure block should be 10mm in width x 3 cm in height x 20 cm in length.

To check the correct size of stirrup irons, the 10 mm side of the Measure block should fit between the widest part of the rider‟s boot (when up against one side of the stirrup iron) and the other side of the stirrup iron.

Maximum clearance to be approx 3cm otherwise the stirrup iron will be too big.

PCASA GEAR CHECKING MANUAL January 2020 11

A GEAR CHECKER‟S LAMENT

Once upon a time, there were some Gear Checkers.

Now these Gear Checkers had spent a lot of their valuable time learning the gear checking rules and attending schools to learn how to be a Gear Checker. They learnt simple rules such as the minimum width of stirrup irons, that stripped holes were unsafe, and that certain bits were not allowed – amongst other rules. They are also volunteers – unpaid!

Unfortunately, when they were asked to be Gear Checkers at various activities, it was found that not everyone knew or agreed with the Rules, and that there were some riders and parents who wanted them to ignore the rules, or overlook them, so that the riders would not miss out on participating.

What should the Gear Checker do?

 Follow the Guidelines and risk ridicule, or  Overlook the Guidelines and risk a rider‟s safety and their own integrity?

Gear Checking is in a new era due to the new insurance climate. Where, in days gone by, a Gear Checker would overlook something if it meant that the rider would miss out on riding nowadays that will not happen!

Parents should keep an eye on gear for stripped holes (where buckle holes stretch and begin to split), stitching coming undone, broken keepers, reins too long, stirrups too narrow (1cm to 3cm clearance between widest part of the rider‟s boot and the side of the stirrup iron), saddles sitting too low, etc.

If you are queried or picked up with a problem with your gear, please remember that the Gear Checker is not there to cause a problem, but to ENSURE FAIRNESS IN THE SPORT and, more importantly, SAFETY.

A gentle warning to Parents and Riders – please take care whenever you go out competing that you find out the Gear Checking Guidelines for the Activity/Discipline in which you are competing (they differ!) so that you have a trouble free gear check.

Printed by courtesy of the Toodyay Pony Club 12 PCASA GEAR CHECKING MANUAL January 2020

TEMPORARY ADJUSTMENT OF ILL-FITTING GEAR

When teaching or assisting with Pony Club activities, it is sometimes necessary to make a temporary adjustment to ill-fitting gear so that it can be used safely and comfortably.

Any such adjustments must be made so that the gear is safe for the rider and comfortable for the pony/horse, and should be strictly temporary.

DON‟T SEND A MEMBER HOME WITH A “TEMPORARY” GEAR ADJUSTMENT WITHOUT MAKING SURE THAT HE/SHE KNOWS THAT THIS IS ONLY “TEMPORARY” AND THAT THEY, AND THEIR PARENTS, UNDERSTAND WHAT NEEDS TO BE DONE TO MAKE THE GEAR FIT CORRECTLY AND SAFELY PRIOR TO THE NEXT RALLY OR ACTIVITY.

IF “TEMPORARY” GEAR ADJUSTMENTS HAVE NOT BEEN CORRECTED PERMANENTLY BY THE THIRD RALLY, THE MEMBER WILL NOT BE PERMITTED TO RIDE.

Any „repaired‟ leather may not be safe and is an area of concern. Assess and encourage full replacement of leather eg stirrup leathers, straps where necessary.

Who forgot to check the girth?

PCASA GEAR CHECKING MANUAL January 2019 13

UNIFORM & SADDLERY REQUIREMENTS FOR PONY CLUB for RIDERS, HORSES & PONIES AT RALLIES, EFFICIENCY CERTIFICATES, COMPETITIONS, DEMONSTRATIONS, PRESENTATIONS ETC

SAFETY OF THE RIDER

BASIC PRINCIPLES COMFORT OF THE HORSE

AND TO INSTILL A SENSE OF PRIDE IN THE RIDER‟S QUALITY OF PRESENTATION AT ALL PONY CLUB ACTIVITIES.

How do Pony Club Members and Associates learn what is safe for them, and what is comfortable for the horse?

 Through systematic teaching at Pony Club, receiving clear instructions of permissible uniform and saddlery which may be worn at Rallies, or for Examinations, Competition, Demonstration Schools and Presentations.

 Through a regular programme of Horsemastership lessons and demonstrations, teaching how to correctly fit, clean and care for all gear.

If these requirements are learned consistently, then presentation to the Gear Checker whether at rallies, examinations, or competitions etc, will be faced with confidence because the Pony Clubber will:

 be in a uniform which is acceptable,  know that their saddlery allows the horse to be comfortable in his/her work,  be in correct attire and saddlery for the activity in which they are participating.

14 PCASA GEAR CHECKING MANUAL January 2019

GEAR CHECKING AT PONY CLUB RALLIES, EFFICIENCY CERTIFICATES, COMPETITIONS etc.

HORSES/PONIES NO RIDER/MOUNT INCOMPLETE MUST BE COMBINATION MAY TAKE or AMENABLE AND PART IN ANY PONY CLUB NO GEAR CHECK SAFE TO BE GEAR ACTIVITY UNTIL THEY = CHECKED HAVE BEEN SUCCESSFULLY GEAR NO START CHECKED

1. OBJECTIVES

To ensure the Safety of the Rider and the Comfort of the Horse The Gear Checker/s appointed by the Organiser will check the rider‟s dress and saddlery before the start of every activity whether it be a Rally, Efficiency Certificate, Competition or Trail Ride.

The choice of a qualified/knowledgeable person with the ability to be reasonable in all situations is essential. Riders preparing for Efficiency Certificates/Competition etc should not be subjected to unnecessary and lengthy criticisms and the aim of the Pony Club is to be helpful and educating. However, there is no compromise on real safety issues.

Safety is the first and paramount consideration. If any gear is unsafe, it MUST be corrected before a rider can continue to take part. The Gear Checker has total discretion in ruling on these matters.

2. ADJUSTING GEAR

At Rallies, Gear Checkers and Coaches should insist on alterations so that the correct fit can be tried out. Adjusting the height of a bit may need to be gradual. A leather punch, spare numnah, withers pads and stirrup leathers could be useful to have on hand. Do not alter equipment yourself, get the rider or parent to do it, but insist it be done as this is the time to try out new fittings. It is the Gear Checker‟s responsibility in this situation to teach the rider/parent the correct fitting of all equipment.

At competitions, any ill fitting or unsafe gear must be noted on the Gear Check Report Form. ONLY NAMES OF RIDERS (and their Club) WITH INCORRECT, ILL FITTING OR UNSAFE GEAR SHOULD BE RECORDED. In the event of a dispute, assistance should be sought from either the Chief Steward, Chief Judge or Ground Jury.

In keeping with Risk Management and Sun Smart Policies, all Officials (Gear Checkers / Judges / Team Managers / Examiners / Coaches / Stewards / Technical Delegates / Marshalls etc), should be suitably attired with covered-in footwear, hats, long sleeved tops and neat attire.

PCASA GEAR CHECKING MANUAL January 2019 15 3. GEAR CHECKERS

 Should have attended a “Safety & Comfort of the Rider and Horse” Clinic.  Must be conversant with the requirements of dress and gear pertaining to the activity.  Must obtain a copy of the “Guidelines for Safety and Comfort of the Rider and Horse incorporating the Gear Checking Manual” and current rule book in sufficient time to become familiar with the requirements for the activity.

 Must NOT alter or adjust any equipment. Any adjustments must be referred to the Team Manager at a competition, or to the rider/parent/helper at an Individual Competition/Rally.

 Must seek assistance from either the Club Chief Instructor or Coordinator, Chief Judge, Steward or Ground Jury in the event of a dispute.

 Any interference with, or alteration to, any gear by any person after the Gear Check could entail disqualification of the rider/team.

 Advise organiser if changing allocated personnel.

 If any doubt arises with Gear, Condition of Horse etc., consult with the Chief Gear Checker, Chief Judge, or Ground Jury. When a decision has been made, the Report form must be signed by the deciding official. Executives and Officials at Club, Zone and State level with a conflict of interest in an appeal situation MUST stand down from their position and related duties until the matter is resolved.

4. RISK MANAGEMENT & SAFETY TEAM MANAGERS MUST ACCOMPANY TEAMS WHEN REPORTING FOR GEAR CHECKING

 Clubs are responsible for ensuring their Teams and Team Managers present safely and correctly attired.

 Teams reporting without a Team Manager will not be accepted as there is no- one responsible for riders or possible gear changes. This causes unnecessary hold-ups.

 Teams presenting with inappropriately dressed Team Managers will not be accepted for Gear Checking until such time as the Team Manager is suitably attired or replaced by a correctly attired person.

 Teams presenting with a rider as their Team Manager will not be accepted.

 Gear Checkers cannot be held responsible for delays caused by Teams/Team Managers not presenting correctly or on time.

 Competitors must remain in a designated area after inspections are complete. 16 PCASA GEAR CHECKING MANUAL January 2019 5. ACTIVITY ORGANISERS

To supply the Gear Checker with the following:

 Clip Board and paper  Pen/Pencil  Draw list of competitors with their start times or list of riders in Rally group  Gear Checking Sheets  Gear Checking Report Form/s  Relevant pages from the “Guidelines for Safety and Comfort of the Rider and Horse incorporating the Gear Checking Manual” covering dress and saddlery requirements for the activity  Names of the Club Chief Instructor or Coordinator, Chief Judge, Steward or Ground Jury  Tape Measure / Ruler  Bucket of water and a towel  Table and Chair  Sunscreen  Roll of tape  Remember – Gear Checkers must be allotted refreshment and comfort breaks.  If the duty is for several hours, appoint more than one Gear Checker.

PCASA GEAR CHECKING MANUAL January 2019 17

QUALIFICATION FOR GEAR CHECKERS

It is not essential to be a Qualified Gear Checker to officiate at any activity – BUT..

1. WHY BECOME QUALIFIED?

Quite simply, Gear Checkers deserve to be recognised. They‟re committed to their sport; they voluntarily give of their time and share valuable experiences while contributing to the sporting and personal development of their athletes.

2. QUALIFICATION IS IMPORTANT BECAUSE:

 Gear Checkers must be a member of a Pony Club  Riders deserve to receive qualified inspection  It guarantees increased knowledge  It increases the standard of Safety and Comfort of the Rider and Horse  It increases the standard of presentation at all levels

To recognise the work of the many people who have been Gear Checking over the years, a “Qualified Gear Checker” list will be instituted, along similar lines to becoming a Qualified Coach.

3. CRITERIA FOR QUALIFICATION

 Be on the current Strength Return of a Pony Club affiliated with the PCASA  Be aged 16 years and over  Be actively involved at either Club, Zone, or State activities  Have completed a „Safety and Comfort of the Horse & Rider Clinic‟  Have completed 2 hours of Gear Checking in a minimum of 3 activities.  These hours can be backdated 18 months prior to attending a “Safety and Comfort of the Horse and Rider Clinic”  Record any problems and how you dealt with them on the Gear Checker‟s Report Form for each Inter-Club, Zone, Inter-Zone or State activity,– these to be returned to the Rules Advisory Committee, C/o PCASA 132 Rose Terrace Wayville SA 5034 after each activity  To be assessed while completing a practical Gear Checking Session  Complete a written paper with reference to the current Gear Checking Manual

Once these members have become Qualified Gear Checkers, they will be issued with a PCASA Gear Checkers Badge. It is hoped that they will travel round Clubs in their Zone advising and helping with Gear Checking at Rallies. 18 PCASA GEAR CHECKING MANUAL January 2019

SUGGESTED PROCEDURE FOR GEAR CHECKING

In order to be quick but thorough when Gear Checking, try to establish a routine, starting with the rider (helmet, hair, uniform, boots, spurs, whip), then the horse/pony‟s head/bridle, then the saddle, extra equipment (martingales/breastplates/boots/bandages etc).

Record the name of the rider, their mount and their Club on your Gear Checking Sheet and the time of the inspection.

1. INSPECTION OF RIDER  Approved Safety Helmet with correctly adjusted harness.  Correct Uniform.  Safe Footwear.  Permitted spurs (to be checked for correct type and permitted length). A tape measure/ruler must be available.

 Permitted whip (to be checked for correct type and permitted length) with no loop handle. A tape measure/ruler must be available.

 Medic Alert bracelets and chains must be taped (so that the bracelet does not dangle round the rider‟s hand or catch on whip, gear etc) with the disk exposed.

 Rings must be removed or taped.  Exclusion of exposed jewellery and body piercings (except watch and PCASA State Badge where permitted).

 PCASA State Badge optional for competitions.  Riders must present in their full official/formal Pony Club uniform including Badge, even when dismounted, at Schools, Seminars, Efficiency Certificate Test days.

2. INSPECTION OF SADDLERY  All leather and stitching must be checked for wear and tear.  Permitted bit, bridle and . The checking of the bridle must be done with the greatest caution, as some horses are very touchy and sensitive about their mouths. If necessary the Gear Checker may require the bridle to be removed by the competitor, so that the bit may be inspected. Where Gear Checkers are required to inspect horses' mouths or bits, clean water to wash hands is necessary.

 Fit of Saddle and Saddle Cloth/Numnah.  Size of Stirrup Irons/Toe Stoppers in relation to Boots.  Check fit of and Breastplates.  Martingales, Boots, Bandages to be checked for correct fitting and application.

PCASA GEAR CHECKING MANUAL January 2019 19 3. INSPECTION OF HORSE (AT RALLIES)

 Horse or Pony must be amenable and safe to be Gear Checked.  Age of horse or pony to be ascertained

 General Condition (not thin or tucked up with a staring coat, appearing underweight. The horse/pony should not be over fat.

 Condition of coat i.e. shiny/silky  Grooming of body, underbody, legs, head (no dried sweat, dirt, bot eggs etc)  Mane and Tail – clean and brushed  Neat and Tidy – trimmed  Eyes, Nose – no discharge. Clean  No chronic cough  The sighting of any blood (whether wet or dry) on the horse from either the mouth, nostrils or spur area during Gear Check, or during the activity, will entail elimination (horse/pony not permitted to be ridden in these circumstances). There is no appeal against this decision

 Bleeding from any other area must be reported and checked by the Vet on Course and/or the Steward, the Ground Jury or Instructor, whichever is applicable

 Dock – clean  Hooves – picked out. Not in need of farrier‟s attention (not too long at toe or hoof growing over shoe, no loose shoes or risen clenches

SAFETY NOTE: For horses or ponies with long flowing manes, if pulling or shortening the mane is not an option, then it is recommended that it should be secured:

 by either sectioning it off with rubber bands,  by a running plait along the top of the neck,  or by normal plaiting

to keep it out of the way of becoming tangled around rider‟s hand, whip or gear. PCASA GEAR CHECKING MANUAL JANUARY 2019

GEAR CHECKERS‟ REPORT FORM

Event: Date: Venue: Host Club / Zone Chief Steward (if applicable): Gear Checkers: Time of Gear Check:

Club Rider No. Team Manager Problem How Resolved

Please return to Rules Advisory Committee, C/o PCASA, 132 Rose Terrace Wayville SA 5034 PCASA GEAR CHECKING MANUAL January 2020 21

 NOT PERMITTED AT ANY PCASA ACTIVITY 

The following items of dress, saddlery, etc are NOT permitted to be used at any Pony Club Mounted Activity (Rallies, Training Days, Camps, Efficiency Certificate Test Days, Competitions etc):

Articles of any sort held in the mouth e.g. Chewing of any gum or lollies whips, Lollypop sticks etc Whips without Flaps or Tassels at the end One Eared Bridles Whips with loop handles Rope Bridles Stirrup Leathers worn under the saddle flaps Running (Balding) Gag Bits Stirrup Leathers tied down Single Buckle girths without Stirrup Irons / Toe Stoppers not allowing .5cm each side of the rider‟s boot at the broadest part Worcester Nosebands, Kineton Nosebands Oxbow Stirrups without correctly fitted toe stoppers Shadow Nosebands Hoods or Running Martingales without Rein Stoppers Bent Irons (known as “Safety Irons”) or Neck Stopper Singlets/sleeveless garments Mac Boots Irish Martingales without Rein Stoppers Bicycle Helmets Market Harboroughs Safety Helmets NOT labelled ASA/NZ 3838, ASTM F 1163 (USA), or early (Europe) VG1 (may be used at A and H Helmets more than five years past Certificate Schools only) manufacture date or helmets without a helmet card/tag showing date of purchase is less than 5 years ago Draw Reins Boots with treads that are deeply ridged Boots with splits or holes in the sole Grass Reins in competition for riders over 10 Jewellery including visible Body Piercing - years of age. except Watch and PCASA State Badge where permitted and Medic Alert Bracelets Gopro‟s ( helmet cameras ) & Chains which must be taped leaving disk exposed; Rings must be removed or taped Divided rein attachment Racing or Western Saddles Strapless Spurs PERMITTED AT PONY CLUB RALLIES AND TRAINING

Moleskins 22 PCASA GEAR CHECKING MANUAL January 2020

PCASA UNIFORM – RIDER - GENERAL

MEDICAL POLICY: all active participants (Riders, Competitors, Officials, etc) at PCASA activities are strongly advised to carry on them, or have with their Team Manager or accompanying adult, up to date information regarding current or previous medical conditions which could require treatment in the future (e.g. Epilepsy, Asthma, Diabetes) or affect the emergency treatment of serious accidents (e.g. allergies or previous head trauma). Any rider who has, or recently had, a medical or physical problem that could impair safe participation in an Activity, must provide an up to date Doctor‟s Certificate confirming his/her fitness to take part. This Certificate must be produced at the Gear Check prior to the commencement of each activity.

FORMAL / OFFICIAL PONY CLUB UNIFORM

Safety Helmet, Shirt, Tie and Jumper in Club/Zone colours, Jodhpurs, Badge where permitted (optional for competition), Short or Long Riding Boots Club/Zone Saddle Cloth Club/Zone Hat Cover.

Many Pony Clubs have special Polo/Rugby Tops and Windcheaters for their Rally uniform. These are not the formal / official Pony Club Uniform. Rugby Shirts may be used for Cross Country.

1. PROTECTIVE HEADGEAR

 The wearing of a correctly fitting and secured Safety Helmet which complies with the requirements of ASA / NZS 3838 -1998 is compulsory.  Also acceptable are Safety Helmets which comply with one of the following standards: ASTM F 1163 (USA) and VG1 As of January 2013 helmets must not be more than 5 years past manufacture date or five years from date of purchase, a card showing this must be produced with helmet to officials or have a helmet tag attached to the helmet.  The retention harness and chinstrap must be correctly and firmly fastened at all times when mounted  Should a Helmet come off, it must be replaced immediately before resuming the Activity  The Helmet must not be removed for saluting or for presentation of awards  Bicycle Helmets are not permitted  Any Helmet that receives a significant impact, must be replaced  Peaks on Helmets are optional  May have cover in Club/Zone colours  The wearing of Safety Helmets around horses/ponies in yards/tie up areas is strongly recommended  Use of a Detachable Sunshade is optional

PCASA GEAR CHECKING MANUAL January 2020 23 2. PROTECTIVE HEADGEAR – FITTING

It is important to choose and wear the correct size helmet as the wearing of a poorly fitting or incorrectly adjusted helmet may to the helmet coming off the rider‟s head. Do NOT wear the helmet if a proper fit is not achieved.

The helmet should sit approximately 1-2cm above the eyebrows. See pictures below.

Put on the helmet and stand in front of the mirror. Rock the helmet both backwards and forwards without moving your head – your helmet is a reasonable fit if the skin on your forehead (and your eyebrows) moves with the helmet.

Tighten the throat strap and rear straps by pulling the spare end(s) of the strap through the buckle until a firm yet comfortable fit is achieved. Do not over tighten straps.

Helmets fitted with rear straps should be adjusted so that they sit just on or below the earlobe. Ensure all parts of the retention harness are properly adjusted – tension should be firm and evenly distributed among both front and rear straps.

After fitting as above, grasp the helmet and try to rotate it front and rear. A correctly fitted helmet should be comfortable and should not move forward to obscure vision or rearward to expose the forehead.

INCORRECT CORRECT WEARING POSITION WEARING POSITION

3. SHIRTS

Long or short sleeved, in Pony Club colour/s, fastened at the wrist (if long sleeved) and tucked in to waistband of jodhpurs/riding trousers. See specific competition rules for other permitted shirts.

4. LONG SLEEVED POLO/RUGBY TOPS

Polo/Rugby Tops, in keeping with the Sun Smart Policy, should have long sleeves.

Polo/Rugby Tops must be in the Club‟s or Zone‟s Primary Colour, ie the colour of the jumper (or colour as approved by PCASA).

Not permitted to be worn for Efficiency Certificates, Dressage or Showjumping competitions.

5. TIES

 To be in Pony Club or Zone colour/s (as applicable)  Must not be taken off when jumpers are removed (except mounted games)  The wearing of ties for Cross Country is optional

24 PCASA GEAR CHECKING MANUAL January 2020 6. PONY CLUB / ZONE V-NECKED JUMPER IN REGISTERED COLOUR/S

To be wool or wool-blend or polarfleece. Maximum size for Logo (if worn) to be 7cms x 7cms and to be worn on the left hand side.

 Jumper must not be removed without permission of the Judge, Examiner or Instructor.  Wet weather gear not to be worn without permission of the Judge, Examiner or Instructor.

7. BADGE

The State Pony Club badge, if worn, must be positioned on the "V" of the jumper.  Badge must be worn for Efficiency Certificates  Optional for competition (Dressage/Show Jumping/Cross Country)  Not permitted for Mounted Games/Novelties/Pony Club Mount/Polocrosse

8. JODHPURS / MOLESKINS

 Jodhpur Clips optional  Moleskins are permitted for all activities except Mounted Games and State/National competitions

9. BOOTS

 Long Boots or Jodhpur Boots with low heels must be worn.  Soles, without splits or holes, must be smooth and continued to heel - no half soles.  Light treads and other patterns on the sole which provide an overall „smooth‟ feel are permitted.  Deeply ridged treads which may cause the stirrup iron to become stuck are not permitted.

UNSAFE FOOTWEAR

D D

A A

N N

G G

E E

R R

PCASA GEAR CHECKING MANUAL January 2020 25

10. LEGGINGS / GAITERS

 Leggings/Gaiters of full grain leather matching the boots may be worn.  Leggings/Gaiters with suede inserts are also acceptable for Pony Club activities, provided that they have full grain leather on the outside and that this matches the boots which are being worn.

11. CHAPETTES

 Chapettes are permitted for Rallies; training day and limited competitions (not allowed at state championships and nationals) the chappette must match the black or brown boot of the rider.

12. SPURS

 Must be smooth metal.  There must be a shank pointing only to the rear, which must be not more than 3.5cms long, and without rowels.  The end must be blunt in order to prevent wounding a horse.  If the Shank is curved, the spurs must be worn only with the shank directed downwards.  Straps must be correctly fitted with buckles to the outside.

Correctly fitted. Too loose and too low Upside Down and too high (Strap correctly fitted for left foot)

13. JEWELLERY

 Medic-Alert bracelets and chains must be taped leaving the disk exposed  Rings must be removed or taped  No other jewellery or visible body piercing permitted  Watches are permitted except in Grade 5 cross country.

14. GLASSES

 Prescription Spectacles required to correct visual impairment are permitted  Sun Glasses are permitted

15. GLOVES

 Wearing of gloves is optional but, if worn, must be in good condition and not too tight.  Compulsory when lungeing

26 PCASA GEAR CHECKING MANUAL January 2020

16. HAIR

 Neatly secured/restrained

17. MAKE UP

 Sunscreen protection is highly recommended  The wearing of make up is discouraged

18. BODY PROTECTORS

Body protectors are optional.

PCASA GEAR CHECKING MANUAL January 2020 27 PCASA – THE HORSE or PONY - GENERAL

THE COMFORT AND WELLBEING OF THE HORSE/PONY MUST BE CONSIDERED PARAMOUNT AND SHALL BE ABOVE THE DEMANDS OF RIDERS, COACHES, OWNERS, OFFICIALS, ORGANISERS OR SPONSORS.

In the interest of the horse or pony, the fitness and competence of the rider shall be regarded as essential.

This all relates to the PCASA‟s main objective – the Safety of the Rider

1. HORSE/PONY  To be in good condition with shiny coat, and fit for work required  Not to be thin and tucked up with a staring coat – appearing to be underweight. The horse/pony not to be over fat

 To be clean, well groomed (no dried sweat or dirt) and neat (trimmed)  Eyes and Nose to be free from discharge  The sighting of any blood (whether wet or dry) on the horse from either the mouth, nostrils or spur area during Gear Check, or during the activity, will entail elimination (horse/pony not permitted to be ridden in these circumstances). There is no appeal against this decision

 Bleeding from any other area must be reported and checked by the Vet on Course and/or the Steward, the Ground Jury or Coach, whichever is applicable

 Eyes, Nose and Dock to be clean  No chronic cough  Not lame  No injuries, wounds, bleeding, swellings, sores causing lameness  Hooves to show evidence of recent care  No splits or big chips out of unshod hooves; no loose shoes, risen clenches, lost shoe, hoof too long at toe or growing over shoe

 Must be 4 years of age to take part in Competitions and Efficiency Certificate Examinations  Horse/pony 2 to 3 years of age may be ridden at rallies with the knowledge and approval of the Club Chief Instructor

 Horse/Pony over 20 years of age may be ridden at rallies and Competition with the knowledge and approval of the Club Chief Instructor

 To be plaited for Dressage competitions, and for C*, B & A Efficiency Certificate Examinations

28 PCASA GEAR CHECKING MANUAL January 2020  To be plaited for K Efficiency Certificate Examination if necessary for a chosen Option.  Plaiting not required for D, D* and C Efficiency Certificate Examinations

2. MANE - SAFETY NOTE

For horses or ponies with long flowing manes, if pulling or shortening the mane is not an option, then it is recommended that it should be secured:  by either sectioning it off with rubber bands (Banding)  by a running plait along the top of the neck (French Braid)  or by normal plaiting to keep it out of the way of becoming tangled round the rider‟s hand, whip or gear. PCASA GEAR CHECKING MANUAL January 2020 29

ABUSE OF THE HORSE or PONY

ANY ABUSE OF THE HORSE OR PONY WILL NOT BE TOLERATED

1. ABUSE

Abuse can be defined as intentionally acting in a way that may cause pain or unnecessary discomfort to a horse or pony.

An act of abuse can be any of the following:

 to whip or beat a horse/pony excessively  to use spurs, or to jab the horse/pony in the mouth with the bit, excessively or persistently  to compete/ride using an obviously exhausted, lame or injured horse/pony  to abnormally sensitise any part of a horse/pony  to leave a horse/pony without adequate food, drink and exercise  to subject a horse/pony to any kind of electric shock device  to „rap‟ a horse/pony anywhere in or outside the grounds or the event

2. WHIP - ABUSE

The use of a whip must be  For a good reason  At an appropriate time  In the right place  With appropriate severity  The whip must only be used either as an aid to encourage the horse forward or as a reprimand

As an aid to go forward

 The appropriate time is when the horse/pony is reluctant to go forward under normal aids of seat and legs  The whip should be used behind the rider‟s leg  It must never be used „over-arm‟, eg whip in the right hand being used to the left flank  The use of a whip on a horse‟s head or neck is always excessive use  The whip must never be used to vent a rider‟s temper – any use for such a reason is automatically excessive and therefore entails elimination/disqualification 30 PCASA GEAR CHECKING MANUAL January 2020

As a reprimand

 The only appropriate time is immediately after a horse has been disobedient, eg napping, refusing (but not after elimination, when it will always be excessive)  The whip should not be used after a horse has jumped the last fence on a course  As a reprimand only, a horse may be hit hard  It should never be hit more than three times for any one incident and  If the horse is marked by the whip, eg the skin is broken or there is a weal – the use of the whip is excessive

3. SPUR - ABUSE

 Spurs must not be used to reprimand a horse – such use is always excessive  Any use of Spurs that results in a horse being marked by a Spur –is always excessive

4. BIT - ABUSE

 The bit must never be used to reprimand a horse, i.e. jabbing the horse/pony in the mouth with the bit, excessively or persistently  Any such use is excessive.

PCASA GEAR CHECKING MANUAL January 2020 31

PCASA - SADDLERY - GENERAL

 ALL GEAR MUST BE CLEAN, SOFT & SUPPLE

 NO ROTTING STITCHING, NO CRACKS OR SIGNS OF WEAR (particularly at turnings (eg where the bit sits in the cheekstrap)

 NO STRIPPED / SPLIT HOLES

 NO BROKEN KEEPERS OR RUNNERS

 Remember – leather stretches with use, so a regular check on fit is required

BRIDLE

Correctly fitting Bridle of leather or synthetic fibre - snaffle bit preferred.

1. SNAFFLE BRIDLE – PARTS

1. Headpiece 2. Browband 3. Throatlash

4. Keeper

5. Runner 6. Cheek Piece 7. Loose Ring Snaffle Bit

8. Cavesson Noseband

9. Rein

(Buckles correctly facing out on cheek strap and rein)

32 PCASA GEAR CHECKING MANUAL January 2020

2. SNAFFLE BRIDLE - TYPES

SPLIT HEAD BRIDLE LOOSE HEAD BRIDLE EXTENDED HEAD Permitted at all activities Permitted at all activities BRIDLE Permitted at all activities Where the head-piece and The throat lash is separate, and is liable to get throat-lash are made from one lost. It should be threaded through from right . piece of leather. to left, underneath the headpiece.

Eggbutt snaffle and reins are Note – keepers from the cheekpiece of the attached by stud billets, correctly bridle to the cheek of the Fulmer (FM) bit and turned inwards. the buckle attachments are correctly turned outwards. Cavesson noseband. Note small leather attachment from This would be the preferred type cheekpiece in front of Drop Noseband to of Bridle for all Pony Club prevent it slipping down on to nostrils. Activities .

BARCOO / STOCK / FARM / Micklem BRIDLE Permitted at all activities QUEENSLAND BRIDLE

Usually too big for ponies.

No adjustment for height of browband.

PCASA GEAR CHECKING MANUAL January 2020 33

3. SNAFFLE BRIDLE - FITTING

CAVESSON NOSEBAND Headpiece and browband fit without rubbing or pinching ears Two fingers between noseband and head. If it is fitted a little lower and tighter, it can help discourage the horse from opening his mouth and evading the bit. Snaffle bit makes 1½ to 2 small wrinkles in corners of BROWBAND lips. All strap ends are in keepers. This browband is a good length and is fitted low enough to THROATLASH avoid rubbing the ears. Fit width of fingers between the throat and throatlash so that it will not cause Noseband is too high pressure on the windpipe when the and will rub the horse flexes to the bit. projecting cheek bones.

4. STUD BILLETS

Stud Billets are small metal hooks which fasten into a small hole in the rein or cheek strap to attach it to the Bridle. The billet and billet hole should be checked regularly for wear and tear.

Stud Billets do up facing towards the head

A Stud (Hooked) Billet with a sturdy leather platform

These Stud Billets are done up incorrectly facing away from the head This Stud Billet is done up correctly facing towards the horse’s head 34 PCASA GEAR CHECKING MANUAL January 2020

5. BUCKLES

Buckles are a secure way of attaching the cheek straps and reins to the bit, but they can look bulky.

Buckles do up facing away from the head

The buckles on the Cheek piece and on the rein are done up correctly facing away from the horse's head

PCASA GEAR CHECKING MANUAL January 2020 35

BITS

1. SNAFFLE BIT – HOW TO MEASURE

Measuring snaffle mouthpieces

2. SNAFFLE BIT - RINGS

Permitted in Fulmer ALL activities

Half Cheek

3. SNAFFLE BIT - MOUTHPIECES

Single Jointed Mullen Mouth (Standard weight or hollow)

Soft Rubber Hollow Mouth covered single (Lightweight) jointed

French Snaffle Hard Rubber straight These mouthpieces permitted in all activities 36 PCASA GEAR CHECKING MANUAL January 2020

4. SNAFFLE BIT - FITTING

TOO HIGH TOO LOW TOO BIG TOO SMALL

Thicker mouthpiece is kinder, but must not be too thick for size of mouth/tongue.

The Bit, when it is held out straight, CORRECT HEIGHT AND WIDTH should be 1cm wider than mouth on both sides.

Bit makes 1½ to 2 small wrinkles in corners of lips.

5. KIMBLEWICK (Spanish Snaffle)

NOT permitted in Dressage.

This bit is a variation of the Pelham. The square eye which attaches it to the cheek pieces has a downward action on the poll to help lower the head. The curved (Port) mouth piece gives extra room for the tongue. If a Chain is used then a chain guard is compulsory. If chain is not used then hooks must be removed.

Slotted Kimblewick Bit Kimblewick bits are used as a bit when extra control is needed. Similar to a Pelham in action but with less pressure on the poll.

Slotted kimblewick bits can exert a lot of pressure on the poll if the bottom slot is used.

PCASA GEAR CHECKING MANUAL January 2020 37

6. PELHAM & KIMBLEWICK MOUTHPIECES

Mullen Mouth Pelham

Low Port Kimblewick

Hard Rubber Straight These Pelham and Kimblewick bits, Pelham with chain and chainguard, permitted

at Rallies, Cross Country, Jumping,

and Polocrosse only.

Jointed Pelham (Severe) Pelham and Kimblewick Bits (with chain and chainguard) are not permitted for Dressage

7. DOUBLE BRIDLES

Permitted only for relevant efficiency certificate training and testing.

8. CURB CHAIN ADJUSTMENT

Bit rests at corner of Bit rotates 45 degrees Making the curb chain lie flat. lip without wrinkles to tighten curb chain Twist curb chain clockwise (towards mount‟s chest until all the links are flat

9. DUTCH GAG / PESSOA

Permitted for use at Rallies, and for Cross Country and Jumping only

38 PCASA GEAR CHECKING MANUAL January 2020 10. BIT GUARDS

NOT permitted in Dressage

11. Bits with chains Bits with chains are to use a cavesson nose band only.

12. EA BITS Associate and senior riders who hold their C certificate and adult riders with the exception of the PCASA banned list are allowed to use any approved EA bit ( approved for current year).

PCASA GEAR CHECKING MANUAL January 2020 39 MISCELLEANEOUS GEAR

1. FLY VEILS/SHEILDS

Not permitted in jumping Not permitted in Competition.

2. POLLEN FILTER/NOSE SHEILD

Permitted for all activities except games.

3. EAR BONNETTS/HOODS Ear bonnets are permitted for all dressage, show jumping and cross country, with nothing to be placed in the ears. Acavallo hood / Phiten calming hood allowed.

40 PCASA GEAR CHECKING MANUAL January 2020 NOSEBANDS

 Wearing of a noseband, which must be made of the same material as the bridle, is recommended (but not compulsory) for Efficiency Certificates and Competitions as it is considered part of the bridle.  Permitted Nosebands: Cavesson, Dropped, Hanoverian (Flash) and Grakle or Mexican Grakle(Crossed).  Must be correctly fitted.  If bits with curb chain or curb strap are used, the only permitted noseband is a Cavesson.

1. NOSEBANDS - TYPES

These are the only permitted Nosebands for use at Pony Club Activities:

CAVESSON NOSEBAND DROP NOSEBAND HANOVERIAN (FLASH) NOSEBAND May be used with any kind of bit. Used for horses which open or cross their jaws. The back (chin) strap goes Combines a Cavesson and a drop. May be used in all Pony Club under the bit. The front should not activities. press on the nostrils. May be used in all Pony Club Activities. Quite often called the „normal‟ May be used in all Pony Club activities. noseband by riders!

GRAKLE (CROSSED) NOSEBAND MEXICAN OR HIGH RING GRAKLE

Useful for preventing the horse crossing his jaw. It It sits higher up the face than a normal Grakle, should be comfortably tight with the cross central. above the cheek bones, and is thought to be more effective at preventing the horse crossing his jaws. May be used in all Pony Club Activities.

PCASA GEAR CHECKING MANUAL January 2020 41 2. NOSEBANDS – FITTING

CAVESSON NOSEBAND

CORRECT

Two to three fingers below the projecting cheekbone depending on the size/length of the horse‟s head

Two fingers between noseband and horse‟s head

DROP NOSEBAND

There should be room for one finger under the noseband

CORRECT

TOO LOW

HANOVERIAN (FLASH) NOSEBAND

CORRECT

One to two fingers below the projecting cheekbone.

It should be fitted more snugly than a Cavesson Noseband so that it will not pull down and restrict the nostrils when the bottom (flash) strap is tightened.

42 PCASA GEAR CHECKING MANUAL January 2020

GRAKLE (CROSSED) NOSEBAND

CORRECT

The top strap should lie just below the projecting cheek bone (1 finger).

There should be room for one finger under the noseband.

The main (central) point of pressure (where the straps cross over the nose) can be moved up or down decreasing or increasing its strength of action. Make sure it does not lie below the nasal bones.

The buckle on the bottom strap should be closer to the cross-over. TOO LOW

MEXICAN GRAKLE

Also known as the High Ring Grakle.

The two rings either side of the top straps should be fitted no more than one inch below the eye as, if fitted any lower, the noseband will be less effective.

The top straps pass over the cheek bones and the point at which the straps cross is fitted higher up the nasal bone. The base strap sits in the chin groove as normal.

Do not over tighten when using this noseband for the first time as it could cause the horse to panic until they become accustomed to it.

The buckle on the bottom strap should be closer to the cross-over.

CORRECT

PCASA GEAR CHECKING MANUAL January 2020 43

NOSEBANDS AND BITS WITH CHAINS

If bits with a Curb Chain or Curb Strap are used, the only permitted noseband is a Cavesson.

In Pony Club we must always remember that our main priorities are:

 Safety of the Rider and  Comfort of the Horse/Pony and  that we are dealing with children, sometimes very young children, and  parents who often have little or no knowledge of horses.

From PCASA Rule Book Dropped, cross-over, grackle, hanoverian or cavesson nosebands may be used. Nosebands must be correctly fitted and not too low on the nose. A cavesson noseband must be used by itself.

When using a Hanoverian (Flash), Grakle, Mexican Grakle, or Dropped Noseband in combination with a bit with a Chain or Strap (Kimblewick, Pelham, Curb etc), or a Pessoa Bit with a Curb Strap, the action of both is reduced when the rider uses the reins.

More importantly there is a very real danger of pinching around the chin groove and lips as the rider takes up the contact with the reins.

This rule was put in place for Pony Club riders many years ago for this reason.

NB: From the New Zealand Manual No. 1 (Page 191)  ¨A dropped noseband must be used only with a snaffle bit – NEVER with a Pelham or Kimblewick.”

From the New Zealand Manual No. 2: ”(Page 269)  “Cavesson noseband is the only noseband that should be used with any .”

From the New Zealand Manual No. 2: (Page 271)  “Any noseband that fits under the bit must be used ONLY with a snaffle.  “There is not room in the chin-groove for both curb chain (or curb strap) and noseband, therefore one or the other – usually the curb chain – will be pushed up onto the sensitive branches of the lower jaw, causing great discomfort.”

From the BHS Manual of Horsemanship 11th Edition, (Page 310)  Nosebands other than a Cavesson should be used only in conjunction with a snaffle bridle.

44 PCASA GEAR CHECKING MANUAL January 2020 REINS

1. REIN SHORTENING

Reins should be of a safe length for the activity (ie not long enough for rider‟s foot to be caught in spare loop of reins when reins are shortened). If long reins need to be knotted together for safety, the centre buckle must be left undone.

Shortening Reins with knot in each rein. Shortening reins with knot in doubled end of rein; Unbuckle rein to prevent loop that could catch rider‟s foot.

2. REIN ATTACHMENT

Reins must be attached to the bit/s or to Equalisers (roundings) attached to the bit.

Equaliser (rounding) allowing bit to be used with single rein. This divided rein attachment is NOT ALLOWED

Clip Attachments

Open part of clip must face in towards the horse’s head. Loop Attachment

3. POLOCROSSE/NOVELTY SNAP REINS

 Are Permitted  Clips to face in towards horse/pony

PCASA GEAR CHECKING MANUAL January 2020 45 4. GRASS REINS

 Grass Reins/Check Cord are permitted at Rallies for flat work and games and for Musical Ride/Fancy Dress only.  For riders under 10 years of age in competition.  They must be adjusted so that horse/pony‟s nose can reach to the level of its knees.

4. ANTI GRAZING MUZZLE NibbleNot anti-grazing muzzle (now known as Munch-N-Done) permitted

46 PCASA GEAR CHECKING MANUAL January 2020

MARTINGALES

NOT PERMITTED FOR DRESSAGE

1. RUNNING MARTINGALE

Running Martingale (stoppers compulsory on reins and neck strap), permitted at Rallies and for Show Jumping, Cross Country, Prince Philip Games. Novelties and Polocrosse.

Too tight – note kink in reins

Left - correctly fitted.

Below – in Action. Rein stoppers

should be on

other side of

martingale rings

2. IRISH MARTINGALE

Irish Martingale (stoppers compulsory on reins), permitted at Rallies and for Show Jumping, Cross Country, Prince Philip Games, Novelties and Polocrosse. Permitted for Pony Club Mount.

Two rings joined together by a strip of leather or synthetic material approx 10cm long. Reins pass through the rings under the horse‟s neck. Used to prevent the reins being thrown over the horse‟s head.

PCASA GEAR CHECKING MANUAL January 2020 47

3. NECK STOPPER

Stopper at junction of neck and martingale straps correctly fitted.

This prevents the slack from hanging down between the horse‟s legs

4. REIN STOPPERS

Rein Stoppers must be worn with Running and Irish Martingales to stop the Martingale Rings getting caught on the Buckle/Stud Billets of the rein or on any part of the bit.

48 PCASA GEAR CHECKING MANUAL January 2020

NECK STRAP

 Neck Straps are permitted at all activities.

 This is a simple leather, synthetic fibre, binder twine strap that passes around the horse or pony‟s neck.

 The neck-strap of a martingale is the neatest, but a stirrup-leather (or even a safely tied lead rope) will do as well.

 It provides the rider, in an emergency, with something to hang on to other than the reins and thus lessen the risk of the horse or pony being pulled/jerked in the mouth.

 It is a great help to riders in rough, hilly country and also when riding a horse with a hogged mane.

 It is essential when riding bareback!

 It can help a nervous rider feel more secure.

It is also essential when teaching a rider or horse to jump and should be fitted one third of the way up the horse or pony‟s neck.

PCASA GEAR CHECKING MANUAL January 2020 49

SADDLES

Correctly fitting fully mounted English type saddle preferred. An all-purpose saddle is best for Pony Club riding. This type of saddle makes it easier to learn a good balanced seat for riding and jumping.

Some types of saddles are not really suitable for Pony Club riding. These are special purpose saddles that are designed to make the rider sit in a certain way for special activities. This can make it difficult to ride with a good all-purpose balanced seat.

1. SADDLES The saddle must be correctly fitted for all Pony Club competitions, official functions and all rallies.

A two finger (approx. 3 cm) width clearance at the wither should be obtained. With the close contact saddles a 1 finger clearance is required when the rider is standing in their stirrups.

All saddles must be designed in such a way as to allow the stirrup leather to slide off easily in the case of a rider being dragged. Hinged stirrup bars must be left straight. If the saddle/pony pad does not have a stirrup bar which allows the stirrup to slide off, correctly fitted clogs/toe stoppers must be used.

Western type saddles and ox-bow stirrups without correctly fitted toe stoppers are not allowed for Pony Club use.

Swinging fenders are allowed when the following conditions are met: Stirrup leather is attached to an open stirrup bar Stirrup leather will easily slide off the stirrup bar without undue force Stirrup iron attached to the leather is of a type that conforms with current rules Note: Saddles must conform with current rules ie must have a tree, 2 separate girth points, surcingles in place where required

Particular attention should first be paid to the fit of parts that could cause discomfort or danger, i.e. saddle pressing on spine. The saddle must always be clear of the spine for its entire length (viewed from behind) and not pinching the withers. The weight should be evenly distributed on the muscles either side of the spine – a saddle should be straight on the back with a central seat.

The saddle must be the right size for both the horse and the rider. A correctly fitted saddle distributes the rider‟s weight evenly – eliminating pressure spots and allows the horse to move its back and shoulders freely. It also sits the rider in a central, balanced position to enable the rider to properly use their seat and legs at all paces.

Check all leather, synthetic parts for signs of splits, torn holes and rotting stitching.

Gel pads, air pads, wedge pads and cushion pads of all types can be helpful to the comfort of the horse. However, if they are used to overcome the problem of a badly fitting saddle, then they are often quite useless. This is the case when a saddle has a channel 50 PCASA GEAR CHECKING MANUAL January 2020 that is too narrow – the pad then serves only to narrow it even further. A saddle cloth’s purpose is only to absorb sweat, not to pad up an ill fitting saddle.

Horses change shape

 as they muscle up from work  as they mature  as they age (over 20)  between seasons depending on the pasture in their paddock  with any change in their general health

Which means the horse‟s saddle fit should be checked every few months.

Saddles that have been fitted by a qualified saddle fitter may have a saddle fitting card, when this is produced the saddle can pass through gear check.

2. PARTS OF A SADDLE

Structure of the Saddle a. The Tree b. Tree with webbing stretched along and across

The Tree is the foundation of any saddle. The size and width of the Tree determines the size and width of the saddle.

The Tree must fit the horse, if it does not, the saddle will never be satisfactory no matter how many modifications are made.

Sweat flap

Parts of the Saddle a. From the side b. Under the flap c. Underneath

d. Alternative to (b)

PCASA GEAR CHECKING MANUAL January 2020 51 3. SADDLE FITTING

The purpose of a saddle is:

 To distribute the rider‟s weight as comfortably as possible over the horse‟s back  To help the rider to adopt a correct position

For a horse to move correctly i.e. to be able to lower his head and engage his hindquarters, he must lift through his back. Moving softly in this frame enables correct development of the top line, the top line being all of the muscles from his ears through to his hocks.

If there is undue pressure from an incorrectly fitting saddle, or an unbalanced rider, this makes it difficult for the horse to move correctly. This is shown by the horse hollowing his back, lifting his head and disengaging his hindquarters.

Before fitting a saddle, first check its structure – is the tree sound? Check it lengthways and sideways. Is the tree twisted? Check the panels for evenness and/or projections. Check the gullet – there should be 3 to 4 fingers width to avoid pinching the spine. Check under all the flaps – are the attachments firmly secured? Look for signs of wear and tear.

To correctly fit a saddle, it should be placed directly onto the horse‟s back without a saddlecloth or padding. The saddle should fit behind the scapula, placing the girth one hand‟s width behind the elbow (if the girth is too far forward it restricts the horse‟s breathing).

Look at the balance of the saddle from the side and behind. Does the saddle sit straight on the horse‟s back? Do the panels have full contact with the horse‟s back? Is there any bridging (areas of no contact between the panels and the horse‟s back)? There should be 3 to 4 fingers height between the pommel and the withers without the weight of the rider.

Now girth up using the correct girth straps (front and either middle or rear strap), fastening the rear strap first. Check the fit again, the shoulders, spine, gullet – does the back of the saddle lift up? Is the saddle still balanced and straight when viewed from the side and the rear? Can you see daylight from the rear, looking down the gullet towards the withers?

Next place the rider in the saddle and check the fit again – balance, panels, gullet shoulders, spine, look from the side and behind. Does the rider sit in the deepest part of the saddle so they are balanced? Is the saddle too large/small for the rider? There should be about one hand‟s width between the rider‟s seat and the back of the cantle. The rider will not be able to achieve or maintain the correct position with a saddle that is too large/small. There should still be plenty of clearance over the withers with the weight of the rider added. If in doubt, ask the rider to assume the forward position.

The fit of a saddle should be done regularly as things change – shape of the horse, his age, the time of year, his level of fitness, the weight, height and shape of the rider can all make a difference and affect the comfort of the horse.

A saddle should be re-flocked/restuffed every 12 – 18 months and after 9 – 10 months when new. Recheck fit after re-flocking/restuffing.

A well fitting saddle is essential in enabling a horse to reach his potential. A horse needs to show freedom, regularity, suppleness and ease of movements. To do this he must be confident and in harmony with his rider.

To test for a really well fitting saddle, the rider should be able to mount without a girth!

52 PCASA GEAR CHECKING MANUAL January 2020 4. SADDLE FIT – HOW TO CHECK

Clear Channel over Three fingers between front of Slide hand under front of saddle,

spine saddle and mount‟s spine when behind mount‟s shoulder blade – rider is dismounted no pinching

If there is enough room to put two fingers sideways between the arch of the saddle and the withers when the rider is mounted in the forward position, there is sufficient clearance.

CHECKING FOR A BROKEN TREE

Saddle seat should not move or wrinkle when pressed end to end

There should be no movement in the gullet when you try to A saddle that fits correctly, squeeze and pull side seen from front and back to side

Saddle Tree fits shape Tree too wide, presses Tree too narrow, digs into of back correctly. down on withers. Back muscles, pinches shoulder blades

Back protector pad Sweat mark showing pressure (Always use over a point (dry spot) regular Saddle Cloth/Numnah)

PCASA GEAR CHECKING MANUAL January 2020 53

5. POORLY FITTING SADDLES

Sometimes an ill fitting saddle is obvious:

Fig 1. Backward leaning

Fig 2. Forward leaning

Sitting too low on the Tree too narrow and horse. Could be pinching the withers remedied by re- which will cause pressure stuffing but the tree and restrict the free may still be too wide movement of the for this horse. shoulders.

a. Too wide, pressing on withers and spine. Also crooked.

b. Too narrow, pinching the withers and spine

c. Sloping down on one side (in need of stuffing)

54 PCASA GEAR CHECKING MANUAL January 2020

6. TEMPORARY FIXING

Saddle too wide Padding put on Saddle low in cantle Back pad levels sides of spine, due to flat rear panels saddle leaving channel over spine

7. PROBLEMS ARISING FROM POORLY FITTING SADDLES

Behavioural Problems Performance Problems

 Bucking  Refusing at jumps  Rearing  Jumping flat  Pigrooting  Jumping on forehand  Shying  Shying  Avoidance / resistance  Twisting over jumps  Difficult to groom  Difficulty with turning and pirouettes  Girthy, bites, cow kicks when saddled  Pressure on back causes horse to  Won’t stand still when being saddled hollow and resist  Tail swishing  Unusual liveliness or excitability  Cold backed  Tendency to rush  Dropping in the back when being mounted  Tail swishing  Poor flexion either left or right  Inability to round the back and come onto the bit  Loss of relaxation in horse’s stride

Visual Problems

 Galls, Wounds and Heat Bumps . Develop from heavy pressure – can be over just a short period of time  Worn and Broken Hairs . . From abrasion, worse with combination of pressure and abrasion.

 White Hairs . . . From damage to hair follicles.  Dry Spots . . . Due to excess pressure negatively affecting the nerve supply to the sweat glands.  Muscle Atrophy (Wastage) . Due to long term spinal nerve restriction and from

reduced use of back muscle. PCASA GEAR CHECKING MANUAL January 2020 55

8. SITES OF COMMON INJURIES DUE TO POORLY FITTING SADDLES

a. Front arch too wide b. Front arch too narrow c. Seat sinking or tree weakened and so in contact with spinal area d. Saddle bearing against rear of scapula

e. Sweat Flap or Girth attachment chafing f. Girth galling g. Imbalance due to unevenly flocked panel or twisted tree

9. MEASURING A SADDLE

a. From pommel to cantle, or b. For saddles with cut-back heads, from stud to centre of cantle.

56 PCASA GEAR CHECKING MANUAL January 2020

10. TYPES OF SADDLES

Types of Saddles and the Activities (Disciplines) in which they can be used:

(All activities, (All activities, (All activities) preferably Jumping) preferably Dressage, Flatwork)

Stock Saddle

(Rallies, Polocrosse, Musical Ride, Fancy Dress, K Option) Preferably not Jumping

PCASA GEAR CHECKING MANUAL January 2020 57

BREASTPLATES

Breastplates are permitted for all activities and must be correctly fitted.

1. STOCKMAN / HUNTING BREASTPLATE

Great care is needed in fitting. If fitted too high, the horse‟s breathing will be affected, if too low, it interferes with the action of the shoulders.

Neck strap should allow the width of a hand at the withers.

It should follow the line of the horse‟s shoulder blades, with the centre ring sitting at the base of the neck in the middle of the breast.

It is usually attached to the D‟s on the saddle.

The ring at the breast should be backed with leather to prevent rubbing.

Martingale attachment may be attached to the breast ring.

When the Breastplate is in You should be able to fit 4 The Breastplate keeper should be place, check that the fit allows fingers under the strap that pushed tightly up to the girth so that room for a palm‟s width at the passes over the neck there is no loop in which the horse could chest. catch his foot. 58 PCASA GEAR CHECKING MANUAL January 2020

2. RACING BREASTPLATE OR BREASTGIRTH

Great care is needed in fitting. If fitted too Attach the strap from the Breastplate high, the horse‟s breathing will be affected, if to the girth strap just under the too low, it interferes with the action of the buckle if it is a long girth and above shoulders. the Numnah strap (if any) to prevent it slipping down. May be made of leather, webbing material, PVC or elastic. Pass it under the first girth strap and round the second girth strap. Sheepskin cover can be fitted over the Breastplate to prevent the strap rubbing the horse.

3. CONTINENTAL BREASTPLATE / BREASTGIRTH

This is elasticated and is attached to the D rings of the saddle, rather than to the girth straps.

Can be hard to fit so as not to put pressure on the horse‟s windpipe.

4. ELASTIC “Y” FITTING OLYMPIC BREASTPLATE

This is elasticated and is attached to the D rings of the saddle

PCASA GEAR CHECKING MANUAL January 2020 59 CRUPPER

 Try it on and introduce it to the pony without the rider  Cruppers may be used for all activities and must be correctly fitted  It should be put on after the saddle is girthed up  Make sure all hairs are pulled through crupper and are lying flat  Take care that the crupper lies well to the top of the dock  Allow a clenched fist between back strap and pony‟s back  Check for rubs around the tail base  Leather must be kept clean and soft/supple  Can be uncomfortable for the pony if the top of the tail has been clipped/shaved

Useful if saddle tends to slip forward. Goes under the tail, and is attached to a special dee at the back of the saddle. Check that this dee doesn‟t press on the pony‟s spine.

The tail loop on the cheaper versions may be a piece of soft, folded leather. On the more expensive varieties it is a hollow leather pad filled with crushed linseed which when warmed by the horse‟s body heat, releases oil through the loop, thus reducing the chance of it causing a sore by rubbing the dock.

60 PCASA GEAR CHECKING MANUAL January 2020

GIRTHS

 Girths come in many shapes and varieties of materials including leather, synthetic, anti-gall, webbing, string, nylon etc.

 Girths must have two or three buckles and be fastened on the front and middle, or front and back, girth straps.

 If a single buckle girth is being used, then a surcingle MUST be used.

 Girths must be kept clean of sweat, dirt and hair. Check also that the girth area on the horse/pony is clean of dried sweat and mud which is liable to cause galls.

 The girth buckles should be on approximately the same height of holes on both sides of the saddle. There should always be a few holes spare i.e. the girth must not be on the top holes of the girth straps or on the first or second holes.

 Remember that the horse must be allowed to breathe, and that the girth shouldn‟t be so tight that a person‟s fingers can‟t get between the horse and the girth comfortably when the rider is mounted.

 Run fingers down between the girth and the horse‟s skin to check the skin is lying smoothly.

 Always check the girth when „preparing to mount‟ and at intervals during the riding session.

 If using a girth sleeve (cover), make sure that any seam is on the outside.

 If using a girth with elastic on one side  It is recommended that the elastic be on the off (right hand) side  and that when the rider is in the saddle, the girth should only be tightened on the side opposite to the elastic If the girth is tightened on the elastic side from on top – two things could happen  it is likely the girth will be over-tightened and  the elastic will be stretched and the saddle will be pulled over to that side.

Dressage girths (short ones) need care when fitting. Sometimes, the very long girth straps designed for the rider‟s comfort, can cause discomfort to the horse by allowing the buckle to come into contact with the horse‟s elbow.

PCASA GEAR CHECKING MANUAL January 2020 61 SURCINGLES

 Surcingles are compulsory on a saddle with a single buckle girth  Surcingles are permitted in all activities and must be correctly fitted.  Surcingles must be buckled on the left hand (near) side of the horse/pony  Surcingles must not be tighter than the girth  Surcingles must not impede any part of the stirrup leather

BUCKLE GUARDS

 The use of Buckle Guards is optional but is strongly recommended for girths that buckle under the saddle flaps.

 Their purpose is to protect the saddle flap from the buckles of the girth which can rub holes in the saddle flap.

 It is less expensive to buy Buckle Guards than it is to replace a saddle flap!

The Buckle Guard on this saddle needs to be pulled down over the girth buckles to be effective

The Numnah is correctly attached to the saddle.

62 PCASA GEAR CHECKING MANUAL January 2020

SADDLE CLOTHS/NUMNAHS

 Saddle Cloths/Numnahs must be clean, larger than the saddle, and pulled up into the gullet of the saddle with no wrinkles. They should be positioned so that the weight of the saddle does not come onto a fold or on to the binding

 Correctly fitted risers and gel pads are permitted

 It is better not to wear more than one Saddle Cloth or Numnah as this increases the tendency to slip and moves the rider further from contact with the horse

 Saddle Cloth/Numnah loops to be used or removed

 Saddle Cloths/Numnahs must be in Club primary colour (contrast edging permitted), or white, for Efficiency Certificates

 Saddle Cloths/Numnahs must be in Club or Zone (as applicable) primary colour (contrast edging permitted), or white, for Competition, Presentations, Demonstrations etc.

 Club/Zone logo permitted. Maximum size for Logo to be 7cms x 7cms.

 All team members must have the same Saddle Cloths/Numnahs

 A Saddle Cloth’s or Numnah’s purpose is to absorb sweat, not to pad up an ill fitting saddle.

1. SADDLE CLOTHS

A Saddle Cloth is a rectangular shaped pad usually made of cotton, felt, wool, sheepskin, synthetic fleece or fabric.

2. NUMNAHS

A Numnah is a shaped pad usually made of sheepskin, synthetic fleece, cotton, or wool.

It must be approx 2.5cm (1”) larger than the saddle all round.

The Numnah must be pulled well up into the front arch of the saddle to avoid pressure on the withers.

The top loop is fitted over one of the girth Buckle Guard needed to straps to hold it in position. The girth fastens protect saddle flap from through the lower loop for greater security. the girth buckles

PCASA GEAR CHECKING MANUAL January 2020 63

STIRRUP LEATHERS

 Stirrup bar safety clip must be turned down.

 Stirrup leathers must not be tied down  Stirrup Leathers must not be worn under the saddle flap  Stirrup Leathers must not have splitting holes or stitching coming undone  Stirrup leathers are permitted to be wrapped around top of stirrup iron (for shortening stirrup length if no available place to put in more holes) as a temporary measure at rallies only

 To ensure even wear/stretching, stirrup leathers need to be regularly changed to alternate sides

 If pop rivets are used to repair stirrup leathers, these need to be regularly checked for wear and tear and safety

STIRRUP IRONS

 STIRRUP IRONS MUST NEVER BE LEFT DANGLING – they could frighten the horse by banging against its sides, get caught, or the horse could get its teeth or bit caught when biting at flies in the girth area. They must always be „run up‟ when rider is dismounted.

Stirrup Irons „run up‟ and secured

64 PCASA GEAR CHECKING MANUAL January 2020 1. STIRRUP IRONS – FIT

WIDTH  Minimum Stirrup Irons to allow 5mm each side of the rider's boot at the broadest part (10mm total)  Maximum Stirrup Irons not to allow more than 1.5cm (approx) each side of the rider's boot at the broadest part (3cm total approx) or they will be too big

TOO BIG TOO SMALL CORRECT HEIGHT

 Also to be checked is the height of the arch of the stirrup iron in relation to the front of the short boot – i.e. the front of the short boot must be higher than the arch of the stirrup iron

2. STRAIGHT IRONS

 Permitted for all activities

Regular straight Fillis Irons Offset Straight Iron with tread fitted irons Irons

3. QUICK RELEASE STIRRUP IRONS

 Permitted for all activities  Hinges must be regularly cleaned and oiled.

Bostock Safety Stirrups Hinged Spring Iron

PCASA GEAR CHECKING MANUAL January 2020 65 4. PEACOCK IRONS

 Permitted for all activities  Rubber band and leather loop to be in good repair  Rubber band and leather loop to be worn on the outside ie not next to horse/pony when rider‟s foot is in the stirrup

Rubber Band

Leather Loop

5. FREE JUMP IRONS

Allowed for all activities

6. JAKOB STIRRUPS

 Permitted for all activities  Coil spring sections in both shanks ease the impact on the horse‟s back as well as on the hip, knee and ankle joints of the rider  Shanks also bend to provide a flat surface in the „heels down‟ position

7. STIRRUP TREADS

 Use of stirrup treads is optional in any activity,  Must be made of rubber.  Must be the correct size for the stirrup iron i.e. not be wider than the base of the iron

The front stirrup iron has a correctly fitting tread

The back stirrup iron has a rubber tread that is Rubber Tread too big, turning up at the ends – this is dangerous 8. TOE STOPPERS

 Are permitted  If used, must fit as for stirrup irons  They must be correctly attached to the stirrup iron and the top and base fastenings must be secure and not showing signs of wear and tear

approvediron 66 PCASA GEAR CHECKING MANUAL January 2020

9. CLOGS

 Clogs are permitted. It is essential that there be at least .75 cm clearance between the boot and clog on both sides and at least 2 cm at the top. Toe stoppers are classed as clogs.

9. OXBOW STIRRUPS MUST have correctly fitted toe stoppers and the 10mm block must fit between the widest part of the foot and the stirrup. For rallies only

10. STS STIRRUPS STS stirrups (not including jockey stirrup) approved for use for a 12mth trial, clearance rule not applicable to STS stirrups

PCASA GEAR CHECKING MANUAL January 2020 67 WHIPS

1. LOOP HANDLES

 Loop Handles must be removed. (Loops can be dangerous in the event of a fall, and they also inhibit the proper use of the whip).

2. GENERAL PURPOSE WHIPS

 Must have a flap  Must not be weighted at the end  Maximum length 75cm including flap

3. DRESSAGE WHIPS

 Must have a tassel or flap  Usually carried in the „inside‟ hand  Dressage whips must not exceed 1.15 m length including lash and must not be modified (i.e., flap removed).  The loop must be removed from the handle of any whip.  Dressage whips may be used by 1. Riders who hold their “C” certificate and have written permission from their club Chief Instructor. Where clubs do not have a Chief Instructor the Zone Chief Instructor can provide said letter. Sticker to be put on card. 2. Adult combinations 26 years and over  Dressage whips are permitted for: 1. Flatwork at rallies 2. Dressage competition which is not part of a one, two or three day event 3. Warm up for any dressage competition including ODE‟s

4. JUMPING WHIPS

 Must have a flap  Must not be weighted at the end  Maximum length 75cm including flap

5. LUNGE WHIPS

 Must be in good condition, particularly at join of handle and thong  and have a tassel at the end of the thong

6. MEASURING A WHIP

FROM END OF FLAP/TASSEL TO END OF HANDLE

68 PCASA GEAR CHECKING MANUAL January 2020 7. WHIPS

C

A B D

E F

G

H

A. Hunting Whip – with lash B. Hunting Whip – without lash C. Hacking Cane (NOT permitted in Pony Club Activities) D. All Purpose Whip – must have loop handle removed E. Jumping Whip F. Dressage Whip - must have loop handle removed G. Dressage Whip – small H. Dressage Whip – longer – maximum length 1.15m

8. WHIPS – HOW TO CARRY

Jumping Whip Dressage held correctly Whip held correctly

INDICATORS / RIBBONS IN TAIL

The wearing of a coloured ribbon in the tail is permitted to indicate:  RED - horse is likely to kick  GREEN - horse is young or green. PCASA GEAR CHECKING MANUAL January 2020 69

BANDAGES / BOOTS / BELL BOOTS

 Bandages, if used, must have padding and be stitched in a contrasting colour. No Electrical tape is to be used.

 Boots to be clean and correctly fitted – fastenings at the outside, straps facing backwards.  Boots with metal loop-fasteners must be fitted and fastened correctly.

1. TYPES OF BOOTS

THE REASON WHY AT PONY CLUB ACTIVITIES BANDAGES HAVE TO BE STITCHED 70 PCASA GEAR CHECKING MANUAL January 2020

NO-NO‟S AT PONY CLUB ACTIVITIES

RUNNING OR BALDING KINETON or PUCKLE NOSEBAND

Has a metal loop on each side which goes between the NOT PERMITTED AT ANY PONY CLUB ACTIVITY and the horse‟s mouth and an adjustable strap across the nose. Divides the pressure between mouth and nose, according to the length of the front strap. Very severe.

NOT PERMITTED AT ANY PONY CLUB ACTIVTY

NOT PERMITTED AT ANY PONY CLUB ACTIVTY

MARKET HARBOROUGH

NOT PERMITTED AT ANY PONY CLUB ACTIVTY

NO ITEM OF GEAR MAY BE USED FOR ANY OTHER PURPOSE, OR IN ANY OTHER WAY,

THAN FOR WHICH IT WAS DESIGNED AND INTENDED e.g. Running Martingale may not be used as a Standing Martingale, or the end of the reins used as a whip to hit mount.

PCASA GEAR CHECKING MANUAL January 2020 71

VARIOUS COMBINATIONS OF GEAR

b

b

d. d

a.  Kineton Noseband (a NO-NO)  Irish Martingale (No Rein Stoppers)  Stockman/Hunting Breastplate.  Rider would not be permitted to compete in any activity if presenting with this gear.

b.  Grakle (Crossed) Noseband  Breastplate (Breast Girth)  Permitted for ALL activities

c.  Hanoverian Noseband  Running Martingale with rein and neck stoppers  Permitted for all activities EXCEPT Dressage

d.  Pelham with Equalisers (roundings),  Cavesson Noseband  Standing Martingale  Rider would not be permitted to compete in any activity if presenting with this gear. 72 PCASA GEAR CHECKING MANUAL January 2020

HEAD COLLAR

HEADCOLLAR

Can be made of leather, synthetic material (plastic), webbing, nylon webbing.

Recommended that the front of the noseband has a buckle as shown.

HALTER

HALTER HALTER KNOT

Made of rope and/or A non-slip knot must webbing, is combined always be tied, as with its lead rope. shown, to prevent injury to the jaw Always use the special should the horse get knot to stop the rope caught up or pull tightening. back.

Right hand side needs to be fixed or adjusted.

An alternative

HALTER KNOT

A non-slip knot must always be tied, as shown, to prevent injury to the jaw should the horse get caught up or pull back.

PCASA GEAR CHECKING MANUAL January 2020 73

KNOTS FOR TYING UP

 Always tie up to a piece of twine or string that is attached to a strong post.  Check the height of the string  too low and the horse or pony could get his leg over the lead rope  too high, and he could get his head and neck caught under the lead rope and he will panic  The rope should be just long enough for him to reach to the bottom of a water bucket when he is tied up during a break  The rope should be shorter when he is being groomed or saddled and bridled

QUICK RELEASE KNOT ROUND TURN & TWO HALF HITCHES This is one knot that is not usually tied to binder twine, take care it doesn‟t slide down the post

HIGHWAYMAN‟S HITCH

This knot is so named because it enabled the Highwaymen of old to tether his horse to a post with one end of the rope and when he vaulted into the saddle for a quick getaway, he pulled the other end and away came the whole rope.

Place the loop behind the spar (but preferably binder twine), take end Z, make a loop in it and pass through the first loop, then take end X and pass it through the loop formed by end Z, strain can be taken on Z. Pull on X to release.

1. Feed a loop through the twine 3. Make another loop with the loose 5. Some ponies are clever and it will be 2. Twist the Loop several times end of the rope and necessary to put the free end of the 4. feed this through the first loop rope through the loop so they can not undo themselves 74 PCASA GEAR CHECKING MANUAL January 2020

GEAR CHECKERS‟ REPORT FORM

Event: Date: Venue: Host Club / Zone Chief Steward (if applicable): Gear Checkers: Time of Gear Check:

Club Rider No. Team Manager Problem How Resolved

Please return to Rules Advisory Committee, C/o PCASA 132 Rose Terrace Wayville 5034