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Studies on Hill Cattle of Pithoragarh District in Uttarakhand

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Studies on Hill Cattle of Pithoragarh District in Uttarakhand Volume III, Issue II, February 2016 IJRSI ISSN 2321 - 2705 Studies on Hill Cattle of Pithoragarh District in Uttarakhand 2 1 D. Kumar , A. K. Gaur College of Veterinary & Animal Sciences G.B. Pant University of Agriculture and .Technology, Pantnagar -263145 (Uttarakhand) Abstract:- A study was carried out to characterize the native The Pithoragarh town is located at a height of 1645 meters small sized Hill cattle found in Pithoragarh district considering above sea level. This district lies between 29.4° to 30.3° North the importance of giving due emphasis to well adapted latitude and 80° to 81° East longitude along the eastern and indigenous germ plasm developed through intensive selection southern part of the central Himalayas with Indo-Tibetan over many years so as to formulate suitable breeding strategy in watershed divide in the north and the Kali River. A study was the state. A total number of randomly selected 04 blocks and 20 villages were taken up for the present study in Pithoragarh planned to characterize the indigenous small sized Hill cattle district. The population of hill cattle was more than the considering the importance to indigenous germ plasm crossbred cows. The coat colour was found as off-white in developed through intensive selection over many years so as 46.16% animals, red in 33.79% animals and black in 19.97% to formulate suitable breeding strategy for improvement of the animals. The maximum numbers of animals were with white skin Hill cattle in the state. (46.16%), black or black & white muzzle (64.85%), black or black and white eyelids, black switch of tail, black hooves and II. MATERIALS AND METHODS black muffle. The values in case of milking cows for heart girth, body length, height at withers, paunch girth, length of ear, tail The present study was conducted in the Pithoragarh length and size of horns were found as 147.68±0.43, 90.85±0.17, 99.13 ±0.11, 153.19±0.39, 17.02±0.13, 92.55±0.13 district of Uttarakhand. Firstly, 04 blocks were randomly and 8.74±0.14, respectively. The average values for age at first selected in the district and from each block 05 villages were oestrous (months), oestrous cycle duration (days), age at first randomly selected. The 20 villages were randomly selected in mating (months), age at first calving(months), number of all for the present study. Information on various management service/conception, calving interval(days) and age of mating in aspects were collected by interviewing the farmers as per the males(months) were 41.60±0.31, 24.30±0.27, 42.70±0.30, Performa developed for this purpose. The data on various age 52.7±0.30, 1.77±0.09, 432.35±1.24 and 37.32±0.18, groups of cattle were recorded by observation and by taking respectively. measurements. A very exhaustive study was carried out for physically characterizing the Hill cattle found in Pithoragarh Key word: Hill cattle, Physical traits, Characterization district. The blocks, villages and number of animals taken up under the study are detailed in Table1.The animals studied as I. INTRODUCTION per various age groups are detailed in Table 2.The group ttarakhand is enriched in livestock diversity of studied were 0-6 months, 6 months- 2 years, 2 years- 3 &1/2 domesticated animals such as cattle, buffalo, sheep, goat years, milking cows, dry cows, working males and breeding Uswine, mule, poultry etc. The state had 4.98 lacs males. crossbred cattle and 15.08 lac indigenous cattle in year 2012. Pithoragarh had second highest number (2.27lac) of Table 1: Selected blocks and villages Pithoragarh district indigenous cows next to Pauri Garhwal district (3.44lac) in census year 2007 and third highest in 2012, next to Pauri and Almora districts. Rearing of livestock is an integral part of the Blocks Villages Animals economy of the people of the district. Pithoragarh district is Kande, Garaun, Sagraun, Jagtari and the most eastern Himalayan district and it is naturally Berinag Bethori 1732 landscaped with high Himalayan mountains, snow-capped Moona Kot, Kil, Tadi Gaon Baltadi and peaks, passes, valleys, alpine meadows, forests, waterfalls, Moonakot 398 Jalturi perennial rivers, glaciers, and springs. The geographical area Bhatura, Tharkot, Ghigrani, Dhamaur 2 Bin 78 of the district is 7,110 km . and Jakh Present address: 1. Sil, Dhuroli,Barmo, Sunkholi and Professor & Head, Department of Animal Genetics & Breeding Kanali Chhina 694 2Professor, Department of Molecular Biology & Genetic Engineering, Bachkot C.B.S.H www.rsisinternational.org Page 44 Volume III, Issue II, February 2016 IJRSI ISSN 2321 - 2705 Table 2: Total number of animals in various categories 4. Milking Cows 200 15.175 5. Dry Cows 200 15.175 Categories S. No. Number Percentage 6. Working Males 200 15.175 1. Upto 6 months 200 15.175 7. Breeding Males 118 08.95 2. 6 Months- 2 Years 200 15.175 Grand Total 1318 1/2 3. 2 Years- 3 Years 200 15.175 Map Source: www.uttara.in – The official portal of Uttarakhand Government rd cases) soaked with water in about 2/3 cases and giving III. RESULTS AND DISCUSSION alone (not mixing with fodder) in most cases (76.76%). The The population of hill cattle was much more than the fodders were chaffed in around 50% cases. The animals were rd crossbred cows. The majority of cattle and buffaloes were fed in groups in2/3 cases. The maximum numbers of kept for milk production purpose. However, a significant animals were fed the green fodder by mixing with dry number of Hill cattle were kept for agricultural operations too. fodder. Per adult animal concentrate and cake given was 0.65±0.01kg and 0.55±0.01Kg respectively. The values for Housing, feeding and other practices per adult animal dry fodder and green fodder were 7.3±0.10 and 8.05±0.10 respectively. The animals were provided shelter during night hours only in Pithoragarh district. Houses were closed in all the The milking utensils and udders were properly cases. Houses were pucca in around 2/3rd cases and part of washed before milking in all the cases. Proper vaccination residence in most cases. Kutcha floor houses were found in measures for FMD, HS, BQ etc. were not taken up in many 61.87 %cases and full walled in all cases .The houses were cases (76.43%). The farmers consulted the doctors for getting well ventilated but not cleaned in 55.31% cases and without rd any proper drain of treating the animals in about 2/3 cases. The maximum urine to drain out in most cases. Concentrate feeding was number of farmers (55.46%) followed natural breeding adopted by giving concentrate at the time of milking (94.22% method. www.rsisinternational.org Page 45 Volume III, Issue II, February 2016 IJRSI ISSN 2321 - 2705 or black & white muzzle, black or black and white eyelids, Qualitative traits black switch of tail, black hooves and black muffle ( Table3). The coat colour was found off-white in 46.24% animals, red in 33.79% animals and black in 19.97% animals. The maximum number of animals were with white skin, black Table 3: Qualitative traits of Hill cattle in Pithoragarh district Colour Categories I II III IV V VI VII Overall Number of Animals 200 200 200 200 200 200 117 1317 Coat Black 47 39 36 39 39 41 22 263(19.97) Red 69 77 63 70 62 66 38 445(33.79) Off-White 84 84 101 91 99 93 57 609(46.24) Skin 200 White 84 84 100 91 99 93 57 608(46.16) Brown 43 53 36 47 40 42 25 286(21.72) Red 26 24 28 23 22 2 4 13 160(12.15) Blackish 47 39 36 39 39 41 22 263(19.97) Muzzle Black 69 77 63 70 62 66 38 445(33.79) Black&White 63 57 54 64 68 67 36 409(31.06) Dark gray 68 66 83 66 70 67 43 463(31.15) Eyelids Black 126 137 131 125 120 122 73 834(63.33) Black&White 63 57 54 64 68 67 36 409(31.06) Brown 11 6 15 11 12 11 8 74(05.61) Switch of Tail Black 131 123 137 130 138 134 79 872(66.21) White 69 77 63 70 62 66 38 445(33.79) Hooves Black 137 143 146 136 132 133 81 908(68.94) Brownish Black 63 57 54 64 68 67 36 409(31.06) Muffle Black 137 143 146 136 132 133 81 908(68.94) Dark Gray 63 57 54 64 68 67 36 409(31.06) Note: Figures given in brackets are in terms of percentage. also medium in 49.5% animals in category 4. The maximum Horns, ears, body, hair characteristics and basic numbers of animals were with medium sized dewlap, small temperament navel flap, short hairs and dull hairs. The hairs were straight The horns were present in all the animals. For both in all the animals. The maximum animals were docile with the categories (Category 4 and 5 as given in Table4 & moderate temperament in both the categories. Table5), the colour of horn was black in maximum animals The udder characteristics and horns were curved. As the animals from category 1-7 were included to know the shape of horns and incase of The figures in percent for udder characteristics are calves the horns were seen straight. However, in all adult given in Table 6.
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