DOCSLIB.ORG

Sex Ratio of Noemacheilus Montanus (Mcclelland) from Pithoragarh District, Uttarakhand, India

Total Page：16

File Type：pdf, Size：1020Kb

Download full-text PDF Read full-text
Sex Ratio of Noemacheilus Montanus (Mcclelland) from Pithoragarh District, Uttarakhand, India Int.J.Curr.Microbiol.App.Sci (2014) 3(12): 761-767 ISSN: 2319-7706 Volume 3 Number 12 (2014) pp. 761-767 http://www.ijcmas.com Original Research Article Sex ratio of Noemacheilus montanus (Mcclelland) from Pithoragarh district, Uttarakhand, India Anita Joshi1, Pramod Kumar1, S.S.Kujwal2 and Pankaj Bahuguna3* 1Department of Zoology, R.H. Govt. P.G.College Kashipur, Uttarakhand, India 2Department of Zoology, Uttarakhand Open University,Haldwani, India 3Department of Zoology, L .S .M .Govt. P.G.College Pithoragarh-262502, Uttarakhand, India *Corresponding author A B S T R A C T K e y w o r d s The present paper deals with the sex ratio of Noemacheilus montanus (Mc.Cl.) from Pithoragarh district, Uttarakhand, India. The Noemacheilus montanus is a Noemacheilus beautiful loach in this region. The sex population of Noemacheilus montanus, montanus, found a significant sex ratio in 1male:1.22 female. On the basis of observations it is Sex ratio, concluded that the sex population of Noemacheilus montanus (Mc.Cl.) from almost Spring fed all the localities female fishes are dominated. During the overall investigation on water, the Noemacheilus montanus (Mc.Cl.), the sex population was observed non- Pithoragarh, significant i.e. 1 male: 1.22 female. The chi-square value also showed 3.84 which India are non-significant at 5% level. Introduction A prior knowledge of sex population abundance of any sex at a particular time or estimation in fishes is essential for the whether the population is in natural management practices of fishery science. It condition or abnormal condition. It is is important to ensuring a proportional generally found that in a healthy population fishing of two sexes. Sex population the sex ratio should be 1:1. According to estimation is defined the abundance of any Jameela Beevi and Ramachandran (2005), sex at a particular time or the population is there are several other factors like a in natural condition abnormal condition. It is temperature, water velocity, vulnerability of generally found that in a healthy population, females to their predators, migratory phase the sex ratio should be 1:1.There are several and other ecological hazards, which possibly other factors like temperature, water change the sex composition in streams or velocity, vulnerability of females to their rivers. For commercial utilization of any fish predators, migratory phase and other species, it is highly essential to have a prior ecological hazards, which possibly change knowledge of its spawning behavior, which the sex composition in streams or rivers includes the month, frequency, sex ratio and (Jameela Beevi and Ramachandran, 2005). ecology of spawning (Verma, 2013 a). Sex population estimation is defining the 761 Int.J.Curr.Microbiol.App.Sci (2014) 3(12): 761-767 Many ichthyologists have worked on the Where- fishes breeding biology, sex ratio and other aspects of different fishes biology (Sobhana ² = chi-square, and Nair, 1976; Pathani, 2000; Johal and Negi, 2000; Dobriyal et al., 2004; Kumar O = observed value, et.al, 2006; Pawar and Mani, 2006; Bahuguna et.al, 2007; Shendge and Mani, E = expected value. 2009 and Bahuguna et.al, 2009, 2010a, b, c; Bahuguna and Kumar, 2011; Bahuguna Result and Discussion et.al., 2011, Krishan et.al., 2012, Verma, 2013 b). The present study is in continuation The monthly variations in the population with earlier studies and is dealing with sex-ratio of Noemacheilus montanus is population sex ratio status of Noemacheilus showed in the table 1. The minimum length montanus. This is for the first time this is 3.8mm and maximum length 9.2mm of species is being studied from Pithoragarh the fish respectively. Month wise sex ratio district, Uttarakhand, India. was observed and maximum values were found in the month of June Materials and Methods (1male:2.08female) and minimum ratio was found in the month of August The present sampling site area study was (1male:1female). The seasonal and pooled conducted on the hill stream Rai in latitude data indicated variations in the sex ratio of 29º36´ N - 80º12´ E at an elevation of about Noemacheilus montanus are presented in the 730 to 750 meters. The Rai spring fed table 2. The sex population observed season stream is the tributary of river Kali in the wise, varied from a maximum in summer upland of Kumaun Himalayan (Map-1), as season (1 :1.66 ) and minimum in winter Central and Kumaun Himalaya is a region of season (1.05 :1.00 ). The total pooled data an exceedingly diversified climate and showed average sex population status natural aqua-resources (Verma, 2014). The 1male:1.22 female Noemacheilus montanus fishes were collected from Rai stream for a during the course of study. The estimation period of two year during October 2011 to of sex population both in male and female September 2013. These fish were caught by showed non significantly at 5% level of means of traditional fishing gear hand significance in the months, season and in the picking and scoop. pooled data. In the month of June there were significant differences in the ratio of male After taking morphometric measurements, and female fish (1male:2.08female). the fish was preserved in 5% formalin for further study. The total length and weight of Chacko and Ganapati (1949) suggested that fish was recorded in fresh condition. the studies on the sex composition status However, the other parameters were estimation have their own significance are measured within a fortnight of collection. A helpful in detecting differential fishing, if total of 231 specimens were collected (104 any, in different periods of the year in the males and 127 females). Sex-ratio was various size-groups and thus we can get calculated for entire period of study and its informality about the abundance of the sex significance was tested by Chi-square test at a particular time or throughout the year. ( ²). Holcik et.al, (1988) stated theoretically, the expected composition of males to females is ² = (O E)2 / E. 762 Int.J.Curr.Microbiol.App.Sci (2014) 3(12): 761-767 1:1. The present study showed 1male:1.22 specific upstream migration of males ahead female sex status in Noemacheilus montanus of females prior to spawning occurred. No (Mc.Cl.) from the Kalapani spring fed difference in sex ratio (1.15 Male:1.00 stream which is non-significant. Female) was observed in Sio River population, which might imply no sex Nautiyal (1984) observed 1: 7 sex- ratio of specific upstream migration (Rutaisire, Tor putitora in Alaknanda and Nayar rivers 2003). The sex ratio of Puntius vittatus was during the spawning season only. Sobhana 1male: 2 female reported by Jameela Beevi and Nair (1976), during the course of their and Ramachandran (2005) from Ernakulam study on Puntius sarana subnasutus district (Kerala). The male: female ratio was calculated the sex composition was 1:2. The 1.1.15 in Cirrihina reba calculated by sex-composition of Labeo cylindricus was Shendge and Mani (2009). found female dominated at 1male:1.63 females in the Lake of Chicamba, a The seasonal change in different physico- hydroelectric dam in central Mozambique, chemical parameters is in the all major river South Africa. (Wely and Booth, 1999). system of Kumaun Himalaya (Verma, 2013 Dobriyal et. al, (2000) indicated the sex ratio c). These changes affect fish biology by of Tor chilinoides, in which male and female various ways. Rutaisire (2003) studied the differ significantly with ratio of 1: 3.1. Johal sex composition of ninu Labeo victorianus et.al, (2000) reported male and female ratio from Kagera and Sio River, Uganda. Sex 1:4.9 from Gobindsagar population. The 1 ratios in the months of February (2 male: 4.64 female sex ratio in Tor putitora Male:1.00Female), May (1.84Male: 1.00 from the pong reservoir observed by Johal Female) and August (2.67 Male:1.00 and Negi (2003) and suggested abnormal Female) samples from the Kagera River sex ratio. were male dominated, and rest of the year did not deviate significantly. In the Sio Sobhana and Nair (1976), during the course River population, there were no male or of their study on Puntius sarana subnasutus female biased sex ratios. The significantly calculated the sex composition was 1:2. The higher male sex ratio in February and sex-composition of Labeo cylindricus was August in Kagera River suggests that a sex found female dominated at specific upstream migration of males ahead 1male:1.63females in the Lake of Chicamba, of females prior to spawning occurred. No a hydroelectric dam in central Mozambique, difference in sex ratio (1.15 Male:1.00 South Africa (Wely and Booth, 1999). The Female) was observed in Sio River sex composition of ninu Labeo victorianus population, which might imply no sex from Kagera and Sio River, Uganda. Sex specific upstream migration. ratios in the months of February (2Male:1.00 Female), May (1.84 Male: 1.00 Dobriyal et. al, (2004) found the sex ratio of Female) and August (2.67 Male:1.00 1male : 1.028 female during their study on Female) samples from the Kagera River Crossocheilus latius latius from the river were male dominated, and rest of the year Mandakini that the population ratio is very did not deviate significantly. In the Sio close to natural. The sex ratio of Puntius River population, there were no male or vittatus was 1male: 2 female reported by female biased sex ratios. The significantly Jameela Beevi and Ramachandran (2005) higher male sex ratio in February and from Ernakulam district (Kerala). August in Kagera River suggests that a sex 763 Int.J.Curr.Microbiol.App.Sci (2014) 3(12): 761-767 Table.1
Load more

Recommended publications
  • Directory Establishment
    DIRECTORY ESTABLISHMENT SECTOR :URBAN STATE : UTTARANCHAL DISTRICT : Almora Year of start of Employment Sl No Name of Establishment Address / Telephone / Fax / E-mail Operation Class (1) (2) (3) (4) (5) NIC 2004 : 0121-Farming of cattle, sheep, goats, horses, asses, mules and hinnies; dairy farming [includes stud farming and the provision of feed lot services for such animals] 1 MILITARY DAIRY FARM RANIKHET ALMORA , PIN CODE: 263645, STD CODE: 05966, TEL NO: 222296, FAX NO: NA, E-MAIL : N.A. 1962 10 - 50 NIC 2004 : 1520-Manufacture of dairy product 2 DUGDH FAICTORY PATAL DEVI ALMORA , PIN CODE: 263601, STD CODE: NA , TEL NO: NA , FAX NO: NA, E-MAIL 1985 10 - 50 : N.A. NIC 2004 : 1549-Manufacture of other food products n.e.c. 3 KENDRYA SCHOOL RANIKHE KENDRYA SCHOOL RANIKHET ALMORA , PIN CODE: 263645, STD CODE: 05966, TEL NO: 1980 51 - 100 220667, FAX NO: NA, E-MAIL : N.A. NIC 2004 : 1711-Preparation and spinning of textile fiber including weaving of textiles (excluding khadi/handloom) 4 SPORTS OFFICE ALMORA , PIN CODE: 263601, STD CODE: 05962, TEL NO: 232177, FAX NO: NA, E-MAIL : N.A. 1975 10 - 50 NIC 2004 : 1725-Manufacture of blankets, shawls, carpets, rugs and other similar textile products by hand 5 PANCHACHULI HATHKARGHA FAICTORY DHAR KI TUNI ALMORA , PIN CODE: 263601, STD CODE: NA , TEL NO: NA , FAX NO: NA, 1992 101 - 500 E-MAIL : N.A. NIC 2004 : 1730-Manufacture of knitted and crocheted fabrics and articles 6 HIMALAYA WOLLENS FACTORY NEAR DEODAR INN ALMORA , PIN CODE: 203601, STD CODE: NA , TEL NO: NA , FAX NO: NA, 1972 10 - 50 E-MAIL : N.A.
    [Show full text]
  • Research Article
    z Available online at http://www.journalcra.com INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF CURRENT RESEARCH International Journal of Current Research Vol. 9, Issue, 07, pp.54255-24262, July, 2017 ISSN: 0975-833X RESEARCH ARTICLE SOME SIGNIFICANT ASPECT OF CLOUDBURST WITH ESPECIAL REFERENCE TO DEVASTATING LANDSLIDES AT BASTARI, NAULRA AND DIDIHAT REGION, PITHORAGARH DISTRICT, KUMAON HIMALAYA, UTTARAKHAND *,1Sajwan, K. S., 2Sushil Khanduri and 3Bhupendra Bhaisora 1,2Geologist, Disaster Mitigation and Management Centre (DMMC), Department of Disaster Management, Government of Uttarakhand, Uttarakhand Secretariat, Rajpur Road, Dehradun 248 001, Uttarakhand, India 3Manager Technical, Disaster Mitigation and Management Centre (DMMC), Department of Disaster Management, Government of Uttarakhand, Uttarakhand Secretariat, Rajpur Road, Dehradun 248 001, Uttarakhand, India ARTICLE INFO ABSTRACT Article History: In recent times extreme rainfall events as cloudbursts are dominant phenomenon trigger large scale Received 21st April, 2017 mass movement and flash floods in the Himalayan region. Cloudburst is a natural and common Received in revised form phenomenon in the Himalaya, especially in Garhwal and Kumaon region of Uttarakhand. Cloudburst 10th May, 2017 and associated disaster affect thousands of people every year and cause loss of life, property, Accepted 19th June, 2017 livelihood, infrastructure and environment. Slope failure incidences took place at many places in Published online 26th July, 2017 Pithoragarh district on 1st July 2016 amid heavy rainfall. According to District Emergency Operation Centre (DEOC) and local persons, 160 mm rainfall recorded within 4 - 5 hours in Didihat area. Key words: Bastari, Naulra (Kumalgaon) and Didihat were amongst the worst affected regions. Total 160 families of 15 villages with Didihat town are affected in Thal, Munsiyari and Didihat tehsils of Pithoragarh Cloudburst, district, 24 persons were killed in this incidence.
    [Show full text]
  • District Profile Pithoragarh, Uttarakhand
    District Profile Pithoragarh, Uttarakhand The district of Pithoragarh lies in the north-eastern boundary of the newly created state Uttarakhand. The district has been divided into six tehsils namely Munsari, Dharchula, Didihat, Gangolihat, Berinag and Pithoragarh as per Census 2011. This has been further divided into eight community development blocks. There are 1572 inhabited and 103 un-inhabited villages and 669 Gram Panchayat in the district. The towns are Dharchula NP, Didihat NP, and Pithoragarh NPP. DEMOGRAPHY As per Census 2011, the total population of Pithoragarh is 483,439. Out of which 239,306 were males and 244,133 were females. This gives a sex ratio of 1020 females per 1000 males. The percentage of urban population in the district is 14.40 percent, which is almost half the state average of 30.23 percent. The deca- dal growth rate of population in Uttarakhand is 18.81 percent, while Pithoragarh reports a 4.58 percent decadal increase in the population. The decadal growth rate of urban population in Uttarakhand is 39.93 percent, while Pithoragarh reports a 16.33 percent. The district population density is 68 in 2011. The Sched- uled Caste population in the district is 24.90 percent while Scheduled Tribe comprises 4.04 percent of the population. LITERACY The overall literacy rate of Pithoragarh district is 82.25 percent while the male & female literacy rates are 92.75 percent and 72.29 percent respectively. At the block level, a considerable variation is noticeable in male-female literacy rate. Munsiari block has the lowest literacy male and female rates at 88.55 percent and 62.66 percent respectively.
    [Show full text]
  • Pithoragarh District, Uttarakhand 2
    Abstract 1. Surveyed Area : Pithoragarh district, Uttarakhand 2. Total Area : 7,23,928 ha 29.4° to 30.3° North latitude 3. Geographical Extent : 80° to 81° East longitude Soil Resource Mapping using Remote Sensing & GIS 4. Kind of Survey : Techniques 5. Period of Survey : April-May, 2011 6. Agro-climatic Zone : 1 (Western Himalayan Zone ) Soil Series/ Association Mapped and their Extent Mapping Mapping Series Association Area Area Symbol Unit (ha) (%) 1 ALj3a1 Nagrasu Saikot Chapora 493 0.07 2 CGf4(2)a1 Karn_Karayat Odlak Tunalika 386 0.05 3 CGf5a1 Dunaghat Karn karayat 129 0.02 4 CGf5a2 Odlak Ponkhal Sonla 1771 0.24 5 CGf7a1 Tiloth Kalyani Ponkhal 919 0.13 6 CGf7a2 Kalyani Askot - 3411 0.47 7 CGf7d1 Kharsali Nagtor - 89 0.01 8 CGf9a1 Chamsali Nail Guruali 3557 0.49 9 CGf9a2 Askot Jakhari Nail 6438 0.89 10 CGf9a3 Phulibagad Barkot - 14116 1.95 11 CGf9c1 Balwakhan Sauna Irthram 4240 0.59 12 CGf9c2 Kondu Irthram Charma 12171 1.68 13 CGf9c3 Almora Bhatuli Khand 5007 0.69 14 CGf9c4 Pothibasa Kadukhal Syalni 6488 0.9 15 CGf9c5 Silkyara Rampur-1 Syalni 28393 3.92 16 CGf9c6 Bhainsari Badethi Supri 5318 0.73 17 CGf9c7 Majikdanda Rampur-1 - 34795 4.81 18 CGf9c8 Rampur-1 Badethi - 35699 4.93 19 CGf9d1 Pirsal Gopeshwar Maniger 1574 0.22 20 CGf9d2 Kharsali Nagtor Supri 5266 0.73 21 CGf9d3 Kharsali Nagtor Banic 176039 24.32 Mapping Mapping Series Association Area Area Symbol Unit (ha) (%) 22 CGg3a1 Jouljibi Molnau 391 0.05 23 LSf7a1 Nainipatal Chimla - 17422 2.41 24 LSf7c1 Thalkedar Kunagaon - 1942 0.27 25 LSf7c2 Kunagaon Thalkedar - 2059 0.28 26
    [Show full text]
  • S.No. Title State Organisation 1 Brief Industrial Profile of Almora District
    S.No. Title State Organisation Ministry of Micro, Small and Medium Enterprises, Government 1 Brief Industrial Profile of Almora District, Uttarakhand Uttarakhand of India Ministry of Micro, Small and Medium Enterprises, Government 2 Brief Industrial Profile of Bageshwar District, Uttarakhand Uttarakhand of India Ministry of Micro, Small and Medium Enterprises, Government 3 Brief Industrial Profile of Bageshwar District, Uttarakhand 2016-17 Uttarakhand of India Ministry of Micro, Small and Medium Enterprises, Government 4 Brief Industrial Profile of Chamoli District, Uttarakhand Uttarakhand of India Ministry of Micro, Small and Medium Enterprises, Government 5 Brief Industrial Profile of Champawat District, Uttarakhand Uttarakhand of India Ministry of Micro, Small and Medium Enterprises, Government 6 Brief Industrial Profile of Dehradun District, Uttarakhand Uttarakhand of India Ministry of Micro, Small and Medium Enterprises, Government 7 Brief Industrial Profile of Haridwar District, Uttarakhand Uttarakhand of India Ministry of Micro, Small and Medium Enterprises, Government 8 Brief Industrial Profile of Nainital District, Uttarakhand Uttarakhand of India Ministry of Micro, Small and Medium Enterprises, Government 9 Brief Industrial Profile of Pauri Garhwal District, Uttarakhand Uttarakhand of India Ministry of Micro, Small and Medium Enterprises, Government 10 Brief Industrial Profile of Pithoragarh District, Uttarakhand Uttarakhand of India Ministry of Micro, Small and Medium Enterprises, Government 11 Brief Industrial Profile of Pithoragarh
    [Show full text]
  • November, 2020) in Matter of O.A
    HEAD OFFICE UTNARAKHANO Uttarakhand Pollution Control Board Gauri Devi Prayavaran Bhawan Dehra Dun UKPCB 46B, 1.T. Park, Sahastradhara Road, UKPCB/HO/Gen-476(Vo-1D Yo//) Date: .12.2020 To, Executive Director (Tech), NMCG (National Mission for Clean Ganga), Water Resources, River Development & Ganga Rejuvenation, Ministry of Jal Shakti, 1 floor, Major Dhyanchandd National Statidum, India Gate, New Delhi-110002. Sub: Monthly Progress Report (November, 2020) in matter of O.A. no. 673/2018, Tribunal order dated Rejuvenation of River as per Hon'ble National Green 20.09.2018, 19.12.2018, 08.04.2019-reg. Sir, Please find the enclosed herewith a copy of monthly progress report in revised format for the month of November, 2020 for your kind perusal The soft copy of Monthly progress report is also sent to mail id [email protected]. [email protected]/[email protected]. Enclosed:- As above. Your's faithfully (S.P.Subyhi)LEs Member SCcretary Copy to: 1. Pricipal Secretary, Forest and Enviornment, Govt. of Uttrakhand/Chairman, River Rejuvenation Committee for kind information please. 2. Staff Officer, Chief Secretary, Uttrakhand Secretratiate/ Member Secretary, Environment Monitoring Cell for kind information and necessary action please. Member Sefetary 9 National Mission for Clean Ganga 2018 compiiane Format for submission of Monthly Progress Report in the NGT matter OANo. 673 of (in to NGT order dated 24.09.2020)For the State of Utarakhand (November- 2020 Overall status of the State: 1,00,86,292 Total Population (2011) Urban-30,49,338 Rural-70,36,954 Estimated Sewage Generation (MLD) (2011) Urban- 329.32 MLD, Rural-225.18 MLD Urban Lpcd) (Taking Rate of Water Supply for @135 Lpcd& Rural@ 40 I1.Details of Sewage Treatment Plant: 379.00 MLD capacity Existing no.
    [Show full text]
  • Eia & Emp Report
    Environmental Assessment Report Environmental Impact Assessment Project Number: 37139-02 January 2010 IND: Uttaranchal Power Sector Investment Program – Subproject 1 Prepared by Water Resources Development & Management for the Asian Development Bank (ADB). The environmental impact assessment is a document of the borrower. The views expressed herein do not necessarily represent those of ADB’s Board of Directors, Management, or staff, and may be preliminary in nature. EIA & EMP REPORT FOR PROPOSED SOBLA-I SMALL HYDRO POWER PROJECT ON SOBLA GAD A PROJECT OF UTTARANCHAL JAL VIDUT NIGAM LTD. Maharani Bagh, GMS Road, Dehradun DISTRICT DEHRADUN – 248 001 (U.K.) Prepared by : Water Resources Development & Management Indian Institute of Technology, ROORKEE. Ph : 01332-285774 Fax : 271073 Draft Report CONTENTS Sl. No. Contents Page No. 1. Introduction 1-9 2. Description of the Project 10-17 3. Description of the Present Environment 18-66 4. Alternatives 67-69 5. Anticipated Environmental Impacts and Mitigation Measures 70-82 6. Economic Assessment 83-89 7. Environment Management Plan 90-110 8. Disaster Management Plan 111-122 9. EMP Implementation and Monitoring 123-124 10. Conclusion* - Remark *Conclusion will be submitted final report ACKNOWLEDGEMENT We are grateful to the Management of UJVNL, Dehradun, U. K. for appointing us as a Consultant for EIA/EMP study for proposed Small Hydel Power Project at Sobla, Distt. Pithoragrah, Uttarakhand. We are happy to convey our deep sense of gratitude, appreciation and thankfulness for the unstinted co-operation continuously extended to us by Chairman UJVNL Sri Yogendra Prasad and the Managing Director Sri. R.P. Thapliyal. We also express our thanks, to Mr.
    [Show full text]
  • Development Strategy for the Hill Districts of Uttarakhand
    Working Paper No. 217 Development Strategy for the Hill Districts of Uttarakhand Surabhi Mittal Gaurav Tripathi Deepti Sethi July 2008 INDIAN COUNCIL FOR RESEARCH ON 1INTERNATIONAL ECONOMIC RELATIONS Table of Contents Foreword.........................................................................................................................i Abstract..........................................................................................................................ii Acknowledgments.........................................................................................................iii 1. Profile of Uttarakhand...............................................................................................1 1.1 Background.........................................................................................................1 1.2 Economic Profile of Uttarakhand .......................................................................2 1.3 Literature Review................................................................................................4 1.4 Government Initiatives........................................................................................6 1.5 Vision, Objectives and Plan of the study............................................................8 2. Agriculture and Agriculture-Based Systems ............................................................8 2.1 Agriculture Profile of Uttarakhand .....................................................................8 2.2 District Profile...................................................................................................12
    [Show full text]
  • Chamoli District at a Glance
    CHAMOLI DISTRICT AT A GLANCE Sl. Items Statistics No. 1 GENERAL INFORMATION (i) Geographical area (sq.km.) 7820 sq.km. (ii) Population (as on 2001 3,70,359 census) (iv) Average Annual Rainfall 1230.80 (mm) 2 GEOMORPHOLOGY Major physiographic units Major drainage Alaknanda and its tributaries Dhauli Ganga, Nandakini, Pindar, Birhi ganga etc. 3 Land use (sq.km.) 1382.17 (a) Forest 458.62 (b) Net Sown area 315.53 (c) Area Sown more than 170.49 486.02 once (d) Cultivable area 923.55 4 MAJOR SOIL TYPES Lithic/Typic Cryorthents, Lithic/Typic Udorthents and Dystric Eutrochrepts 5 AREA UNDER PRINCIPAL Wheat-32.81%, Paddy-26.44%, Potato-6.60%, CROPS Manduwa-23.33% 6 IRRIGATION BY DIFFERENT SOURCES (area and numbers of structures) Dug wells Nil Tube wells/bore wells Nil Tanks/Ponds Nil Canals 1336 Other sources 908 Net Irrigated area 15.02 sq. km. Gross Irrigated area 27.05 sq. km. 7 NOS. OF GROUND WATER MONITORING WELLS OF CGWB No. of Dug wells Nil No. of piezometers Nil 8 PREDOMINANT Garhwal Group GEOLOGICAL FORMATIONS 9 HYDROGEOLOGY Major water bearing Rocks of Garhwal Group formations (pre-monsoon depth to water - level Range Long term water level trend in - 10 yrs (1997-2006) 10 GROUND WATER E4XPLORATION BY CGWB No. of wells drilled Nil (EW,OW,PZ,SH, Total) Depth Range (m) - Discharge (lpm) - Storativity (S) - Transmissivity (m2/day) - 11 GROUND WATER QUALITY Presence of Chemical Overall Ground water quality is good for domestic constituents more than purpose except few locations permissible limit 12 DYNAMIC GROUND WATER Not calculated, as the ground water abstraction RESOURCES (2004) in mcm structures are negligible.
    [Show full text]
  • Out-Migration from Hill Region of Uttarakhand: Issues and Policy Options
    OUT-MIGRATION FROM HILL REGION OF UTTARAKHAND: ISSUES AND POLICY OPTIONS Rajendra P. Mamgain and D.N. Reddy Sponsored by S.R. Sankaran Chair for Rural Studies, National Institute of Rural Development, Hyderabad GIRI INSTITUTE OF DEVELOPMENT STUDIES Sector O, Aliganj Housing Scheme Lucknow – 226 024 Phones: 2321860, 2332640 E-mail: [email protected]; Website: www.gids.org.in CONTENTS Page No. I. The Issue 4 II Demographic Changes in Uttarakhand 7 III. Growth and Regional Inequalities 11 IV. Outmigration, Magnitude and Its Impact 14 Magnitude 14 Migration process 18 Contribution of Migration to Household Income 19 Impact of Migration on Village Economy and Society 20 Impact of Migration on Women’s Work 25 V. Understanding Drivers of Migration 26 Employment and Its Quality 28 Low Earnings 33 Village Infrastructure, Its Quality and Infrastructure 36 Constraints Identified by Villagers 39 VI. Policy Initiatives 41 Policy Issues 44 Lack of Pro-active Policies for attracting Return 45 Migrants Role of Migrants and Their Diasporas 46 VII. Conclusion 47 References 50 2 Tables Page No. Table 1 Demographic Features of Uttarakhand and India, 2011 8 Table 2 Household Size-Class Distribution of Villages and 10 Population, 2011 Table 3 Village-size wise Population Growth, 2001-11 10 Table 4 Magnitude of Out-migration 16 Table 5 Educational Level of Sample Population (7 Years plus) by 17 Type of Household Table 6 Number of Households who have completely Out-migrated 18 during last Ten Years in Sample Villages Table 7 Use of Remittances 21 Table 8
    [Show full text]
  • Investigation of Hydro-Metrological Disaster Affected Malpa and Mangti
    aphy & N r at og u e ra l G Sajwan, et al., J Geogr Nat Disast 2018, 8:2 f D o i s l Journal of Geography & Natural a a s DOI: 10.4172/2167-0587.1000228 n t r e u r s o J Disasters ISSN: 2167-0587 Research Article Open Access Investigation of Hydro-metrological Disaster Affected Malpa and Mangti Area, Pithoragarh District, Uttarakhand, India Sajwan KS* and Khanduri S Department of Disaster Management, Disaster Mitigation and Management Centre (DMMC), Government of Uttarakhand, Uttarakhand Secretariat, Rajpur Road, Dehradun 248001, Uttarakhand, India *Corresponding author: Sajwan KS, Geologist, Department of Disaster Management, Disaster Mitigation and Management Centre (DMMC), Government of Uttarakhand, Uttarakhand Secretariat, Rajpur Road, Dehradun 248001, Uttarakhand, India, Tel: +919410791046; E-mail: [email protected] Received Date: Jun 19, 2018; Accepted Date: Aug 06, 2018; Published Date: Aug 14, 2018 Copyright: © 2018 Sajwan KS, et al. This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License, which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original author and source are credited. Abstract In the previous some years, the risk of water induced disasters has increased in the hilly terrain like Uttarakhand as a result of deforestation, increasing anthropogenic activities as well as climate change. In Uttarakhand Himalaya cloudburst and extreme precipitation events have been brought down huge amount of debris with large volume of water in the form of debris flow and flash flood. Almost every year several parts of Uttarakhand Himalaya experience hydro-metrological disaster as cloudburst, flash floods and debris flow.
    [Show full text]
  • Introduction
    chapter 1 Introduction 1 Introduction Darma is a Tibeto-Burman language spoken by fewer than 2,615 people in the Pithoragarh District of India’s northern state Uttarakhand (formerly part of Uttar Pradesh). The district is in the easternmost part of Kumaun, which to- gether with Garhwal to the west forms a region known historically, and now officially, as Uttarakhand. The highlighted area of Map 1 below indicates the area where Darma is spoken; the star indicates the location of Dharchula Town, which is the capital of Dharchula Tehsil, a sub-District of Pithoragarh. map 1 Map of Pithoragarh District in Uttarakhand, India © koninklijke brill nv, leiden, 2019 | doi:10.1163/9789004409491_002 2 chapter 1 Identified with the ISO 639-3 code drd, scholars have referred to the lan- guage as Darmiya or Darma. The former moniker is rarely used by speakers themselves; it is assumed to be a label given to them by Hindi speakers and is found in historic literature and online – see for example, Grierson’s Linguistic Survey of India (1909) and the Ethnologue (Simons & Fennig, 2017). Names as- sociated with the Darma people include Darmani, Shauka, and Bhotia;1 these will be discussed again in §2.1 of this chapter. This grammar is based on research that began in 2001 as part of my doctoral dissertation project (Willis, 2007a). The data presented in this work are largely extracted from naturally-occurring discourse, which was transcribed and translated with the assistance of native speakers. My analysis also draws on evidence gathered through observation and direct elicitation. The latter meth- od of data collection served as a useful forum for learning more about paradig- matic and other structural information related to the language.
    [Show full text]