DOCSLIB.ORG

Weeaboo Japanese’: Exploring English-Japanese Language-Mixing in Online Japanese Popular Culture Fandom

Total Page：16

File Type：pdf, Size：1020Kb

Download full-text PDF Read full-text
Weeaboo Japanese’: Exploring English-Japanese Language-Mixing in Online Japanese Popular Culture Fandom Copyright is owned by the Author of the thesis. Permission is given for a copy to be downloaded by an individual for the purpose of research and private study only. The thesis may not be reproduced elsewhere without the permission of the Author. i ‘WEEABOO JAPANESE’: EXPLORING ENGLISH-JAPANESE LANGUAGE-MIXING IN ONLINE JAPANESE POPULAR CULTURE FANDOM A THESIS PRESENTED IN PARTIAL FULFILMENT OF THE REQUIREMENTS FOR THE DEGREE OF MASTER IN PHILOSOPHY IN LINGUISTICS AT MASSEY UNIVERSITY, ALBANY, NEW ZEALAND ROWAN ELIZABETH ARBUTHNOTT GARDINER 2019 ii ABSTRACT The complexities of a globalised modern society pose methodological and theoretical issues for linguistic research in areas such as Language Contact, Language-Mixing, and Sociolinguistics, due to the commodification and transmission of language and language features resulting in new language interactions. The boundary between definitions of language borrowing and code- switching is currently a matter of increased interest, particularly in terms of research identifying cases of language use involving unskilled participants. This study investigates and linguistically analyses the presence of Japanese language features within English language contexts that are produced by members of online discussion forums who are fans of Japanese popular culture, and for whom fluency in Japanese language is not assumed nor required for participation. Corpus linguistics techniques were employed on data gathered from two online sources in order to identify what linguistic features were present and establish their extent according to frequency. These same corpora were qualitatively analysed to establish community attitudes towards English-Japanese language mixing and what these results indicated in terms of policing and community norms, and overall what both the quantitative and qualitative results meant for how the language phenomena could be defined according to current theoretical paradigms. The results showed that the most frequent word class was nouns, and the semantic domains found were mostly related to Japanese fandom concepts that were topical to the forum, such as specific interests, clothing and fashion, food, media related terms, and religion and cultural terms. Most instances were single-word insertions, and where the few multi-word segments occurred they were specifically in reference to a negative stereotype within the community (weeaboo). This stereotype also indicated language policing was a factor affecting language use, and the results showed that while the Japanese language had high status, language use was socially restricted to specific situations and extents of use. The language phenomenon is described as mostly language borrowing behaviours, but as the words retain a high level of knowledge of related assignations and also occur concurrently with a few code-switching type behaviours, the usage-based approach where both elements are considered different aspects of the same continuum is seen as a preferable theoretical paradigm. iii ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS A heartfelt thanks to my thesis supervisors, Dr Mary Salisbury, Dr David Ishii, and Dr Arianna Berardi-Wiltshire, who all gave me invaluable input, support, and encouragement throughout the whole master’s thesis process. I would also like to thank my mother, Anne Rundle, for her encouragement and editing and proofreading, and my father, Stuart Gardiner, for his encouragement and help with statistics. Finally, I would like to respectfully acknowledge the anonymous members of the online communities I gathered my linguistic data from. iv TABLE OF CONTENTS Abstract ............................................................................................................................. ii Acknowledgements .......................................................................................................... iii Table of Contents ............................................................................................................. iv List of Appendices ............................................................................................................ vi List of Tables ..................................................................................................................... vi List of Figures ................................................................................................................... vi 1 Introduction ............................................................................................................... 1 2 Theoretical Background ............................................................................................. 4 2.1 Contact Linguistics and Language Mixing........................................................... 4 2.2 Research Paradigms ........................................................................................... 5 2.3 English-Japanese Language mixing .................................................................. 10 3 Methodology............................................................................................................ 12 3.1 Approaching CMC data collection .................................................................... 12 3.2 Sources and data collection ............................................................................. 13 3.2.1 /CGL/ ......................................................................................................... 14 3.2.2 Troper Tales............................................................................................... 21 3.3 Tagging and analysis system ............................................................................ 25 3.4 Tools ................................................................................................................. 28 4 Results ...................................................................................................................... 30 4.1 Language Features............................................................................................ 30 4.1.1 Orthography .............................................................................................. 31 4.1.2 Word Classes ............................................................................................. 32 4.1.3 Semantic Categorisation ........................................................................... 37 4.1.4 Modification and Non-modification ......................................................... 41 4.1.5 Loanwords ................................................................................................. 47 4.1.6 Multi-word Segments................................................................................ 49 4.2 Language Attitudes ........................................................................................... 50 4.2.1 Positive and Neutral Attitudes .................................................................. 51 4.2.2 Negative Attitudes .................................................................................... 53 4.2.3 Language Policing ...................................................................................... 57 5 Further Discussion ................................................................................................... 60 v 5.1 Language and Language Learning .................................................................... 60 5.2 Language Change Continuum........................................................................... 62 6 Conclusion ................................................................................................................ 65 7 References ............................................................................................................... 68 8 Appendices............................................................................................................... 76 vi LIST OF APPENDICES Appendix 1: Comparison of the current study’s tags to previous research’s tagging systems .................................................................................................... 76 Appendix 2: Japanese token tag set with notes and examples ...................................... 78 Appendix 3: All JNS, JNC, and JNE words found in the CGL corpus ................................ 81 Appendix 4: Lexicon of Japanese romaji words found in the /CGL/ corpus ................... 83 Appendix 5: Comparison of frequency of part of speech tags in the CGL and Troper Tales corpora ........................................................................................... 84 Appendix 6: The Top 20 Most Frequently Appearing Japanese Words in the CGL Corpus ................................................................................................................. 85 Appendix 7: All Japanese Romaji multiple word segments found in the CGL corpus .... 86 Appendix 8: Main attitudes towards language use and the people who use it found in the Troper Tales text ............................................................................... 87 LIST OF TABLES Table 1: Percentage occurrence of Japanese in CGL corpus overall............................... 31 Table 2: Frequency of the orthography tags in the CGL corpus ..................................... 32 Table 3: Frequency of Part of Speech Tags in the CGL Corpus ....................................... 33 Table 4: Distribution of Japanese Words According to Word Class in the CGL Corpus .. 34 LIST OF FIGURES Figure 1: Demographic characteristics of 4chan users ..................................................
Load more

Recommended publications
  • Constructing and Consuming an Ideal in Japanese Popular Culture
    Running head: KAWAII BOYS AND IKEMEN GIRLS 1 Kawaii Boys and Ikemen Girls: Constructing and Consuming an Ideal in Japanese Popular Culture Grace Pilgrim University of Florida KAWAII BOYS AND IKEMEN GIRLS 2 Table of Contents Abstract………………………………………………………………………………………..3 Introduction……………………………………………………………………………………4 The Construction of Gender…………………………………………………………………...6 Explication of the Concept of Gender…………………………………………………6 Gender in Japan………………………………………………………………………..8 Feminist Movements………………………………………………………………….12 Creating Pop Culture Icons…………………………………………………………………...22 AKB48………………………………………………………………………………..24 K-pop………………………………………………………………………………….30 Johnny & Associates………………………………………………………………….39 Takarazuka Revue…………………………………………………………………….42 Kabuki………………………………………………………………………………...47 Creating the Ideal in Johnny’s and Takarazuka……………………………………………….52 How the Companies and Idols Market Themselves…………………………………...53 How Fans Both Consume and Contribute to This Model……………………………..65 The Ideal and What He Means for Gender Expression………………………………………..70 Conclusion……………………………………………………………………………………..77 References……………………………………………………………………………………..79 KAWAII BOYS AND IKEMEN GIRLS 3 Abstract This study explores the construction of a uniquely gendered Ideal by idols from Johnny & Associates and actors from the Takarazuka Revue, as well as how fans both consume and contribute to this model. Previous studies have often focused on the gender play by and fan activities of either Johnny & Associates talents or Takarazuka Revue actors, but never has any research
    [Show full text]
  • Clothing Fantasies: a Case Study Analysis Into the Recontextualization and Translation of Subcultural Style
    Clothing fantasies: A case study analysis into the recontextualization and translation of subcultural style by Devan Prithipaul B.A., Concordia University, 2019 Extended Essay Submitted in Partial Fulfillment of the Requirements for the Degree of Master of Arts in the School of Communication (Dual Degree Program in Global Communication) Faculty of Art, Communication and Technology © Devan Prithipaul 2020 SIMON FRASER UNIVERSITY Summer 2020 Copyright in this work rests with the author. Please ensure that any reproduction or re-use is done in accordance with the relevant national copyright legislation. Approval Name: Devan Prithipaul Degree: Master of Arts Title: Clothing fantasies: A case study analysis into the recontextualization and translation of subcultural style Program Director: Katherine Reilly Sun-Ha Hong Senior Supervisor Assistant Professor ____________________ Katherine Reilly Program Director Associate Professor ____________________ Date Approved: August 31, 2020 ii Abstract Although the study of subcultures within a Cultural Studies framework is not necessarily new, what this research studies is the process of translation and recontextualization that occurs within the transnational migration of a subculture. This research takes the instance of punk subculture in Japan as a case study for examining how this subculture was translated from its original context in the U.K. The frameworks which are used to analyze this case study are a hybrid of Gramscian hegemony and Lacanian psychoanalysis. The theoretical applications for this research are the study of subcultural migration and the processes of translation and recontextualization. Keywords: subculture; Cultural Studies; psychoanalysis; hegemony; fashion communication; popular communication iii Dedication Glory to God alone. iv Acknowledgements “Ideas come from pre-existing ideas” was the first phrase I heard in a university classroom, and this statement is ever more resonant when acknowledging those individuals who have led me to this stage in my academic journey.
    [Show full text]
  • Willieverbefreelikeabird Ba Final Draft
    Háskóli Íslands Hugvísindasvið Japanskt mál og menning Fashion Subcultures in Japan A multilayered history of street fashion in Japan Ritgerð til BA-prófs í japönsku máli og menningu Inga Guðlaug Valdimarsdóttir Kt: 0809883039 Leðbeinandi: Gunnella Þorkellsdóttir September 2015 1 Abstract This thesis discusses the history of the street fashion styles and its accompanying cultures that are to be found on the streets of Japan, focusing on the two most well- known places in Tokyo, namely Harajuku and Shibuya, as well as examining if the economic turmoil in Japan in the 1990s had any effect on the Japanese street fashion. The thesis also discusses youth cultures, not only those in Japan, but also in North- America, Europe, and elsewhere in the world; as well as discussing the theories that exist on the relation of fashion and economy of the Western world, namely in North- America and Europe. The purpose of this thesis is to discuss the possible causes of why and how the Japanese street fashion scene came to be into what it is known for today: colorful, demiurgic, and most of all, seemingly outlandish to the viewer; whilst using Japanese society and culture as a reference. Moreover, the history of certain street fashion styles of Tokyo is to be examined in this thesis. The first chapter examines and discusses youth and subcultures in the world, mentioning few examples of the various subcultures that existed, as well as introducing the Japanese school uniforms and the culture behind them. The second chapter addresses how both fashion and economy influence each other, and how the fashion in Japan was before its economic crisis in 1991.
    [Show full text]
  • 11Eyes Achannel Accel World Acchi Kocchi Ah! My Goddess Air Gear Air
    11eyes A­Channel Accel World Acchi Kocchi Ah! My Goddess Air Gear Air Master Amaenaideyo Angel Beats Angelic Layer Another Ao No Exorcist Appleseed XIII Aquarion Arakawa Under The Bridge Argento Soma Asobi no Iku yo Astarotte no Omocha Asu no Yoichi Asura Cryin' B Gata H Kei Baka to Test Bakemonogatari (and sequels) Baki the Grappler Bakugan Bamboo Blade Banner of Stars Basquash BASToF Syndrome Battle Girls: Time Paradox Beelzebub Ben­To Betterman Big O Binbougami ga Black Blood Brothers Black Cat Black Lagoon Blassreiter Blood Lad Blood+ Bludgeoning Angel Dokuro­chan Blue Drop Bobobo Boku wa Tomodachi Sukunai Brave 10 Btooom Burst Angel Busou Renkin Busou Shinki C3 Campione Cardfight Vanguard Casshern Sins Cat Girl Nuku Nuku Chaos;Head Chobits Chrome Shelled Regios Chuunibyou demo Koi ga Shitai Clannad Claymore Code Geass Cowboy Bebop Coyote Ragtime Show Cuticle Tantei Inaba D­Frag Dakara Boku wa, H ga Dekinai Dan Doh Dance in the Vampire Bund Danganronpa Danshi Koukousei no Nichijou Daphne in the Brilliant Blue Darker Than Black Date A Live Deadman Wonderland DearS Death Note Dennou Coil Denpa Onna to Seishun Otoko Densetsu no Yuusha no Densetsu Desert Punk Detroit Metal City Devil May Cry Devil Survivor 2 Diabolik Lovers Disgaea Dna2 Dokkoida Dog Days Dororon Enma­Kun Meeramera Ebiten Eden of the East Elemental Gelade Elfen Lied Eureka 7 Eureka 7 AO Excel Saga Eyeshield 21 Fight Ippatsu! Juuden­Chan Fooly Cooly Fruits Basket Full Metal Alchemist Full Metal Panic Futari Milky Holmes Ga­Rei Zero Gatchaman Crowds Genshiken Getbackers Ghost
    [Show full text]
  • Park Statue Politics World War II Comfort Women Memorials in the United States
    Park Statue Politics World War II Comfort Women Memorials in the United States THOMAS J. WARD & WILLIAM D. LAY i Park Statue Politics World War II Comfort Women Memorials in the United States THOMAS J. WARD AND WILLIAM D. LAY ii E-International Relations www.E-IR.info Bristol, England 2019 ISBN 978-1-910814-50-5 This book is published under a Creative Commons CC BY-NC 4.0 license. You are free to: • Share — copy and redistribute the material in any medium or format • Adapt — remix, transform, and build upon the material Under the following terms: • Attribution — You must give appropriate credit, provide a link to the license, and indicate if changes were made. You may do so in any reasonable manner, but not in any way that suggests the licensor endorses you or your use. • NonCommercial — You may not use the material for commercial purposes. Any of the above conditions can be waived if you get permission. Please contact [email protected] for any such enquiries, including for licensing and translation requests. Other than the terms noted above, there are no restrictions placed on the use and dissemination of this book for student learning materials/scholarly use. Production: Michael Tang Cover Image: Ki Young via Shutterstock A catalogue record for this book is available from the British Library. iii E-IR Open Access Series Editor: Stephen McGlinchey Books Editor: Cameran Clayton Editorial Assistants: Xolisile Ntuli and Shelly Mahajan E-IR Open Access is a series of scholarly books presented in a format that preferences brevity and accessibility while retaining academic conventions.
    [Show full text]
  • Girl Power: Feminine Motifs in Japanese Popular Culture David Endresak [email protected]
    Eastern Michigan University DigitalCommons@EMU Senior Honors Theses Honors College 2006 Girl Power: Feminine Motifs in Japanese Popular Culture David Endresak [email protected] Follow this and additional works at: http://commons.emich.edu/honors Recommended Citation Endresak, David, "Girl Power: Feminine Motifs in Japanese Popular Culture" (2006). Senior Honors Theses. 322. http://commons.emich.edu/honors/322 This Open Access Senior Honors Thesis is brought to you for free and open access by the Honors College at DigitalCommons@EMU. It has been accepted for inclusion in Senior Honors Theses by an authorized administrator of DigitalCommons@EMU. For more information, please contact lib- [email protected]. Girl Power: Feminine Motifs in Japanese Popular Culture Degree Type Open Access Senior Honors Thesis Department Women's and Gender Studies First Advisor Dr. Gary Evans Second Advisor Dr. Kate Mehuron Third Advisor Dr. Linda Schott This open access senior honors thesis is available at DigitalCommons@EMU: http://commons.emich.edu/honors/322 GIRL POWER: FEMININE MOTIFS IN JAPANESE POPULAR CULTURE By David Endresak A Senior Thesis Submitted to the Eastern Michigan University Honors Program in Partial Fulfillment of the Requirements for Graduation with Honors in Women's and Gender Studies Approved at Ypsilanti, Michigan, on this date _______________________ Dr. Gary Evans___________________________ Supervising Instructor (Print Name and have signed) Dr. Kate Mehuron_________________________ Honors Advisor (Print Name and have signed) Dr. Linda Schott__________________________ Dennis Beagan__________________________ Department Head (Print Name and have signed) Department Head (Print Name and have signed) Dr. Heather L. S. Holmes___________________ Honors Director (Print Name and have signed) 1 Table of Contents Chapter 1: Printed Media..................................................................................................
    [Show full text]
  • Cons & Confusion
    Cons & Confusion The almost accurate convention listing of the B.T.C.! We try to list every WHO event, and any SF event near Buffalo. updated: July 19, 2019 to add an SF/DW/Trek/Anime/etc. event; send information to: [email protected] 2019 DATE local EVENT NAME WHERE TYPE WEBSITE LINK JULY 18-21 NYS MISTI CON Doubletree/Hilton, Tarrytown, NY limited size Harry Potter event http://connecticon.org/ JULY 18-21 CA SAN DIEGO COMIC CON S.D. Conv. Ctr, San Diego, CA HUGE media & comics show NO DW GUESTS YET! Neal Adams, Sergio Aragones, David Brin, Greg Bear, Todd McFarlane, Craig Miller, Frank Miller, Audrey Niffenegger, Larry Niven, Wendy & Richard Pini, Kevin Smith, (Jim?) Steranko, J Michael Straczynski, Marv Wolfman, (most big-name media guests added in last two weeks or so) JULY 19-21 OH TROT CON 2019 Crowne Plaza Htl, Columbus, OH My Little Pony' & other equestrials http://trotcon.net/ Foal Papers, Elley-Ray, Katrina Salisbury, Bill Newton, Heather Breckel, Riff Ponies, Pixel Kitties, The Brony Critic, The Traveling Pony Museum JULY 19-21 KY KEN TOKYO CON Lexington Conv. Ctr, Lexington, KY anime & gaming con https://www.kentokyocon.com/ JULY 20 ONT ELMVALE SCI-FI FANTASY STREET PARTY Queen St, Elmvale, Ont (North of Lake Simcoe!) http://www.scififestival.ca/ Stephanie Bardy, Vanya Yount, Loc Nguyen, Christina & Martn Carr Hunger, Julie Campbell, Amanda Giasson JULY 20 PA WEST PA BOOK FEST Mercer High School, Mercer, PA all about books http://www.westpabookfestival.com/ Patricia Miller, Michael Prelee, Linda M Au, Joseph Max Lewis, D R Sanchez, Judy Sharer, Arlon K Stubbe, Ruth Ochs Webster, Robert Woodley, Kimberly Miller JULY 20-21 Buf WILD RENN FEST Hawk Creek Wildlife Ctr, East Aurora, NY Renn fest w/ live animals https://www.hawkcreek.org/wp/ "Immerse yourself in Hawk Creek’s unique renaissance-themed celebration of wildlife diversity! Exciting entertainment and activities for all ages includes live wildlife presentations, bird of prey flight demonstrations, medieval reenactments, educational exhibits, food, music, art, and much more! JULY 20-21 T.O.
    [Show full text]
  • Identity Under Japanese Occupation
    1 “BECOMING JAPANESE:” IDENTITY UNDER JAPANESE OCCUPATION GRADES: 9-12 AUTHOR: Katherine Murphy TOPIC/THEME: Japanese Occupation, World War II, Korean Culture, Identity TIME REQUIRED: Two 60-minute periods BACKGROUND: The lesson is based on the impact of the Japanese occupation of Korea during World War II on Korean culture and identity. In particular, the lesson focuses on the Japanese campaign in 1940 to encourage Koreans to abandon their Korean names and adopt Japanese names. This campaign was known as “sōshi-kaimei." The purpose of this campaign, along with campaigns requiring Koreans to recite an oath to the Japanese Emperor and bow at Shinto shrines, were to make the Korean people “Japanese” and hopefully, loyal subjects of the Japanese Empire by abandoning their Korean identity and loyalties. These cultural policies and campaigns were key to the Japanese war effort during World War II. The lesson draws from the students’ lives as well as two books: Lost Names: Scenes from a Korean Boyhood by Richard E. Kim and Under the Black Umbrella: Voices from Colonial Korea 1910-1945 by Hildi Kang. CURRICULUM CONNECTION: The lesson is intended to use the major themes from the summer reading book Lost Names: Scenes from a Korean Boyhood to introduce students to one of the five essential questions of the World History II course: How is identity constructed? How does identity impact human experience? In first investigating the origin of their own names and the meaning of Korean names, students can begin to explore the question “How is identity constructed?’ In examining how and why the Japanese sought to change the Korean people’s names, religion, etc during World War II, students will understand how global events such as World War II can impact an individual.
    [Show full text]
  • The Slants Convention Presskit 2011
    In 2007, The Slants kicked off their career in Contact Info: a small dive bar in Portland, OR. Three years later, we could barely believe what we achieved in that short time: ten tours across North America, released three albums, we rejected a million dollar recording contract, and performed more anime conventions than any other band in existence. However, the greatest barometer of success has been the feedback of the fans and the people we’ve worked with. I am contacting you today because we’d love to work with you. Sure, the band has a track record of success. The Slants LLC With over 1,500 TV shows, radio stations, 8026 SE Reedway St magazines, and websites talking about the Portland, OR 97206 group, it should be no surprise how many (226) 24-SLANT results you get when doing an online search of “The Slants.” But the best reason to host Management: The Slants at your event is that we are Last Stop Booking Agency professional and yet, easy to work with. We [email protected] respond quickly to every inquiry, we spend (503) 754-8703 time with your attendees to make sure they have the best experience possible. It’s no Publicity: In Music We Trust PR wonder why we were said to be “pound for [email protected] pound, dollar for dollar, the best value and (503) 557-9661 guests any convention can bring in.” Official Websites: [Letter From the Editor] So take a look and get in touch with us. You’ll theslants.com see why we make a great fit for the anime myspace.com/theslants facebook.com/theslants and comic book convention world.
    [Show full text]
  • Cons & Confusion
    Cons & Confusion The almost accurate convention listing of the B.T.C.! We try to list every WHO event, and any SF event near Buffalo. updated: Apr 18, 2018 to add an SF/DW/Trek/Anime/etc. event; send information to: [email protected] 2018 DATE local EVENT NAME WHERE TYPE WEBSITE LINK APRIL 20-22 Buf UBCon XXVII Univ of Buffalo, Amherst BIG gaming & anime facebook.com/pg/UBCon/ APRIL 20-22 CHI Creation-Once Upon A Time TV series tribute https://www.creationent.com/ APRIL 22 BTC BUFFALO TIME COUNCIL MEETING 49 Greenwood Pl, Buffalo monthly BTC meeting buffalotime council.org APRIL 27-28 Phil PHILADELPHIA COMIC CON Greater Philly Expo Ctr comics & media event https://www.philadelphiacomiccon.com/ PETER DAVISON, DAVID BRADLEY, J Bulloch, K Sorbo, J Frakes, B Spinner, APRIL 28-29 CHI Creation-Riverdale TV series tribute https://www.creationent.com/ APRIL 28 Buf FAIRY & GNOME FESTIVAL S Park Botanical Gardens fairy themed show www.buffalogardens.com APRIL 28 Ont CHATHAM KENT COMIC CON Bradley Conv Ctr local comics & media https://www.ckexpo.ca/ MAY 4-6 WHO LANTA Hilton, Atlanta airport regional DW/SF con https://wholanta.com/2018-convention Louise Jameson, MAY 4-6 Detr PENGUICON 2018 Westin, Southfield, Mi fan run SF event https://2018.penguicon.org/ MAY 4-6 CHI Creation-The Vampire Diaries TV series tribute https://www.creationent.com MAY 5 ALL FREE COMIC BOOK DAY ALL comic book stores big annual event MAY 11-13 TOR Toronto Comic Arts Festival main library, 789 Younge mostly FREE comic event http://www.torontocomics.com/ MAY 11-13 CONSOLE ROOM Mall of America, Minneapolis regional DW con http://console-room.com/ Catrin Stewart & Dan Starkey Neve McIntosh is out MAY 11-13 MARCON Hyatt Regency, Coumbus OH big traditional sf con http://marcon.org/ MAY 11-14 COSTUME CON 36 SAN DIEGO, CA BIG COSTUME/COSPLAY cc36sandiego.org/ MAY 12 WATCH CITY STEAMPUNK FESTIVAL Waltham (Boston), MA HUGE steampunk event https://www.watchcityfestival.com/ MAY 17-20 WIZARD WORLD - PHILLY downtown conv.
    [Show full text]
  • Evolution of Male Self-Expression. the Socio-Economic Phenomenon As Seen in Japanese Men’S Fashion Magazines
    www.ees.uni.opole.pl ISSN paper version 1642-2597 ISSN electronic version 2081-8319 Economic and Environmental Studies Vol. 18, No 1 (45/2018), 211-248, March 2018 Evolution of male self-expression. The socio-economic phenomenon as seen in Japanese men’s fashion magazines Mariusz KOSTRZEWSKI1, Wojciech NOWAK2 1 Warsaw University of Technology, Poland 2 Copernicus University in Toruń, Poland Abstract: Visual aesthetics represented in Western media by the name of “Japanese style”, is presented from the point of view of women’s fashion, especially in the realm of pop-culture. The resources available for non- Japanese reader rarely raise the subject of Japanese men’s fashion in the context of giving voice to self- expression by means of style and clothing. The aim of this paper is to supplement the information on the socio- economic correlation between the Japanese economy, fashion market, and self-expression of Japanese men, including their views on masculinity and gender, based on the profile of Japanese men’s fashion magazines readers. The paper presents six different fashion styles indigenous to metropolitan Japan, their characteristics, background and development, emphasizing the connections to certain lifestyle and socio-economic occurrences, resulting in an emergence of a new pattern in masculinity – the herbivorous man, whose requirements and needs are analyzed considering his status in the consumer market and society. Keywords: salaryman, kireime kei, salon mode kei, ojii boy kei, gyaru-o kei, street mode kei, mode kei, sōshokukei danshi, sōshoku danshi, Non-no boy, Popeye boy, the city boy, Japan, fashion, consumer market JEL codes: H89, I31, J17, Z00 https://doi.org/10.25167/ees.2018.45.13 Correspondence Address: Mariusz Kostrzewski, Faculty of Transport, Warsaw University of Technology, Koszykowa 75, 00-662 Warszawa, Poland.
    [Show full text]
  • Contradictory Stereotypical Depictions of Japan's Relationship With
    Contradictory Stereotypical Depictions of Japan’s Relationship with Technology in the British Press Christopher J. Hayes A Thesis Submitted in Fulfilment of the Requirements for the Degree of Doctor of Philosophy School of Modern Languages Cardiff University Submitted: June 2018 Revised and Resubmitted: December 2018 i ii Declaration This work has not been submitted in substance for any other degree or award at this or any other university or place of learning, nor is being submitted concurrently in candidature for any degree or other award. Signed:………………………………………………………(candidate) Date ………….………… STATEMENT 1 This thesis is being submitted in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of PhD. Signed………………………………………….……………(candidate) Date ………….…………… STATEMENT 2 This thesis is the result of my own independent work/investigation, except where otherwise stated, and the thesis has not been edited by a third party beyond what is permitted by Cardiff University’s Policy on the Use of Third Party Editors by Research Degree Students. Other sources are acknowledged by explicit references. The views expressed are my own. Signed……………………………………….……….……(candidate) Date …….………………… STATEMENT 3 I hereby give consent for my thesis, if accepted, to be available online in the University’s Open Access repository and for inter-library loan, and for the title and summary to be made available to outside organisations. Signed……………………………………………..…..…..(candidate) Date ……………………… STATEMENT 4: PREVIOUSLY APPROVED BAR ON ACCESS I hereby give consent for my thesis, if accepted, to be available online in the University’s Open Access repository and for inter-library loans after expiry of a bar on access previously approved by the Academic Standards & Quality Committee.
    [Show full text]