Student Name 2017-2018 ______UIL Music Memory

School

______Student Listening Destinations  Bach  Mussorgsky  Beethoven 5/1  Palestrina  Beethoven 5/4  Rodrigo  Debussy  Saint-Saëns  Gould  R. Strauss  Gounod  Stravinsky  Holst  Telemann UNIVERSITY INTERSCHOLASTIC LEAGUE  Joplin  Verdi Making a World of Difference  Mendelssohn  Wagner THE UNIVERSITY OF TEXAS AT AUSTIN  Mozart  Welcher

Concerto for 2 Violins in d minor, Bach Fast Five

“Double” Movement 1 \'bäk\ 1. German Baroque composer. One of the “Three B’s” (Bach, 1685-1750 Beethoven, and Brahms). Musical Minute Instrument/Voice 2. Played violin, viola, clavier, Concerto: a composition, 2 solo violins and harpsichord, and organ. usually in three parts or chamber orchestra: 2 violins, viola, cello, movements, for solo 3. Had 20 children. 9 survived harpsichord instrument(s) and orchestra. him. 4 were composers.

4. Had diabetes. Went blind. Notes Died of a stroke.

Ritornello (“return” in Italian): a recurring 5. Better known as a virtuoso section of music, usually played by the chamber orchestra, organist than a composer in that alternates with different contrasting sections. his time. Today he is considered

Solo: music for one performer. Tutti (“all” in Italian): music to be the greatest composer for the whole orchestra. of all time.

Chamber orchestra: a few musicians who play in a room (chamber) or small hall.

Fugue: a musical composition for a definite number of parts Notes or voices, in which the subject is announced in one voice, and then imitated and developed in each of the parts.

This concerto is also known as the “Double” Violin Concerto or “Bach’s Double.”

It was composed between 1717 and 1723 when Bach was Kapellmeister at the court of Prince Leopold in Cöthen, Germany. Bach had no organ to play there, but Leopold’s court had one of the largest and finest orchestras in Europe. Bach composed a great deal of instrumental music for the Cöthen musicians.

“Bach’s Double” has three movements: fast-slow-fast.

The “Double” Concerto is one of Bach’s most famous and best-loved instrumental compositions. T Symphony No. 5 Beethoven Fast Five

\'bā-ˌtō-vən\ 1. German Classical/Romantic Movement 1 composer, one of the “Three 1770-1827 B’s” (Bach, Beethoven, Brahms). Musical Minute 2. Played violin, viola, organ, and Instrument/Voice Symphony: a musical was a virtuoso pianist. Known

composition in three or as the finest pianist of his time. Full orchestra more sections or 3. Gradually became deaf (began movements for orchestra. to lose his hearing in 1796; completely deaf in 1818).

4. Moody, disorganized, and Notes arrogant.

Sonata form: a musical form established by 5. Composer of 9 famous the great Classical composers Haydn (one of Beethoven’s symphonies, 16 string quartets, teachers) and Mozart. Its sections include: and a large amount of piano music, including 32 piano • Exposition: themes introduced (may be repeated) sonatas. One of the most • Development: themes explored and developed famous and influential through several keys composers in music history. • Recapitulation: themes restated • Coda (“tail”): ending of a piece of music Notes Complete title: Symphony No. 5 in c minor, Op. 67 (“Fate”).

Beethoven worked more than 4 years on this symphony, which he completed in 1808.

Movement 1 is derived almost entirely from the rhythm of the first four notes, which represents fate knocking at the door. This is the most memorable musical phrase of all time.

Beethoven’s Fifth Symphony is the most popular, best known, most often-performed symphony. ` Children’s Corner Suite Debussy Fast Five \ˌde-byu̇-ˈsē\ Golliwogg’s Cake Walk 1. 20th century French composer. 1862-1918 Musical Minute 2. Played piano. Edited Instrument / Voice Suite: a musical form made Chopin’s piano works. Piano up of a collection of short Wrote about music under pieces. the pen name “Monsieur Croche” (Mr. Quarter Note).

Notes 3. Entered Paris Conservatory, age 10. Loved art (painting) Ragtime: a style of early jazz music composed and poetry. for the piano, with a bouncy, syncopated melody over a steady, march-like bass line; called “ragtime” at first 4. Considered to be the because it sounded as ragged as a torn piece of cloth. greatest French composer, A piece of ragtime music is called a “rag.” one of the most influential composers for piano, and Syncopation: a rhythm where important tones begin on one of the “Fathers of weak beats or weak parts of beats, giving an “off- Modern Music.” balance” feeling to the music. 5. Died of colon cancer. Golliwogg: a rag doll popular in the early 1900s.

Cake walk: a stylized walking/dance contest to ragtime music. The prize is a cake. Notes Debussy composed the Children’s Corner Suite for solo piano between 1906 and 1908 for his young daughter, Claude-Emma (1905-19), nicknamed “Chou-Chou” (“darling”).

Chou-Chou had an English nanny, and the titles of the six movements of the suite are in English.

“Golliwogg’s Cake Walk” is the sixth piece in the suite. It was inspired by American ragime music and contains a musical quote from the theme of Wagner’s opera, Tristan and Isolde.

“Golliwogg’s Cake Walk” is the most poplar movement of the suite, and is frequently performed as an independent piece in recitals.

American Salute Gould Fast Five

\‘güld\ 1. 20th century American Musical Minute composer and conductor 1913-1996 Instrument/Voice Musical theme: the first 2. Played piano. Child prodigy. main melody in a musical Full orchestra Published first piece at age 6. composition. 3. Worked in vaudeville, played piano for silent movies and Notes radio, recorded piano rolls, and was a conductor on the Musical prodigy: a child (under age 12) who radio. displays a talent in music on the same level as a skilled 4. Used jazz, blues, gospel, adult musician. country and western, and folk music in his compositions. Variation: a technique where music is repeated with alterations to the melody, harmony, rhythm, timbre, and 5. Died of an aortic rupture (tear texture. in the aorta, the largest artery photo courtesy of G. Schirmer in the body). March: a composition with a strong regular rhythm, written for marching to and often performed by a military band.

Morse code: a series of long and short elements (dots, Notes dashes, dits, and dahs) that represent letters and numbers. It was used to send telegraph messages.

American Salute was written overnight for a radio broadcast the next day. Gould began to write at dinner time and finished the next morning at 9:00 a.m. Gould conducted the piece the first time it was played on the popular radio show, “The Chrysler Hour” in 1943.

The theme is the popular song “When Johnny Comes Marching Home” by Patrick Gilmore. The song expresses longing for the safe return of friends and loved ones who were fighting in the war.

American Salute is Gould’s most famous composition.

Roméo et Juliette Gounod Fast Five

\gu'noʊ\ 1. French Romantic composer. Je veux vivre 2. Played piano, organ, and guitar. 1818-1893 Musical Minute 3. Teacher of Georges Bizet. Influenced by the works of Instrument/Voice Aria (“air” in Italian): Palestrina, Bach, Schumann, Voice (soprano) a song from an opera, and Berlioz. and orchestra for one voice, often sung with an orchestra. 4. Known for his opera, Faust, and for his melody that goes with Bach’s C Major Prelude: Notes the Bach/Gounod version of “Ave Maria.” Opera: a story told completely through music. 5. Died of a stroke. Camille Saint- The characters sing with an orchestra and act Saëns played the organ at out the story on a stage with costumes, scenery, props, Gounod’s funeral. and choreography.

Arietta (“little aria” in Italian): a short aria. Notes Soprano: a high female singing voice.

Coloratura (“coloring” in Italian): elaborate ornamentation of a melody. Coloratura soprano: type of operatic soprano voice with a high upper range that is capable of agile runs, leaps, trills, and vocal coloratura.

Libretto: contains all the words and stage directions for an opera.

Gounod’s 5-act opera Roméo et Juliette was completed in 1867, and revised in 1888. It is one of Gounod’s best-loved compositions.

Juliette’s arietta occurs in Act 1, at the masked ball before Juliette has met Roméo. It is a showpiece for coloratura soprano and is often performed in vocal auditions, competitions, and concerts.

Suite No. 2 Holst Fast Five

\'hōlst\ 1. 20th century English composer. March 2. Played trombone professionally 1874-1934 Musical Minute and also played violin, organ, and piano, and sang. Instrument/Voice Suite: a musical form made up of a collection 3. Worked as an arranger, teacher, Band of short pieces. and conductor. Famous for his symphonic suite, The Planets.

4. Interested in folk music, and Notes composed many pieces based on folk tunes. Military band: full band rather than brass band. 5. Very shy. Suffered from asthma, March: a composition with a strong regular rhythm, written poor eyesight, and nerve for marching to and often performed by a military band. damage to his right arm. Died Folk song: a song that is not written down, but is passed on of congestive heart failure. orally from person to person. Usually the composer of a folk song is unknown. Notes Morriss Dance: a folk dance performed in rural England by groups of specially chosen and trained men.

Riley Ballad: a type of song/story where a man goes off to sea, war, or adventuring, and then returns in disguise to see if his sweetheart has remained faithful. The lady-love scorns him, saying she will wait for her love to return. He then reveals his identity, and they live happily ever after.

Composed in 1911, the full title is Suite No. 2 for Military Band in F Major, Op. 28/2.

The March is the first of four movements. It is based on melodies of two Morris Dances and two Riley Ballads.

Holst’s Second Suite is performed less often than his First Suite (1909). Together, the two suites were the first pieces of serious music composed specifically for band.

Maple Leaf Rag Joplin Fast Five

\'jä-plən\ 1. Early 20th century American Musical Minute composer. 1868-1917 Piano roll: a roll of paper 2. Played piano, cornet, and Instrument/Voice with holes in it. This paper violin.

is fed into a player piano, Piano 3. Born near Texarkana, Texas . which reads the roll and Left home as a teenager and plays itself. was able to support himself by playing the piano.

Notes 4. Ragtime’s greatest composer.

Syncopation: a rhythm where important tones Known as the “King of Ragtime.” begin on weak beats or weak parts of beats, giving an “off-balance” feeling to the music. 5. Awarded posthumous Pulitzer Prize in 1976 for his Ragtime: a style of early jazz music composed for the piano, “contributions to American with a bouncy, syncopated melody over a steady, march-like music.” bass line; called “ragtime” at first because it sounded as ragged as a torn piece of cloth. A piece of ragtime music is called a “rag.” Notes

The piece was named for the Maple Leaf Club in Sedalia, Missouri, where Joplin worked when he wrote it. It was first published in 1899.

The “Maple Leaf Rag “ was the first piece of instrumental sheet music to sell more than a million copies. For the “Maple Leaf Rag,” Joplin received $50 and an unheard-of royalty of 1 cent for each copy sold.

The “Maple Leaf Rag” is Joplin’s most famous composition and ragtime’s biggest hit. Its success sparked a ragtime craze in both the U.S. and around the world.

With the “Maple Leaf Rag,” Joplin established the standard rag form: AA BB A CC DD.

A Midsummer Night’s Dream Mendelssohn Fast Five

Dance of the Clowns \'men-dəl-sən\ 1. German Romantic composer 1805-1847 and conductor. Musical Minute Instrument/Voice Chamber orchestra: 2. Played piano, violin, and organ. Chamber orchestra a few musicians who play Musical prodigy. with ophicleide in a room (chamber) or small hall 3. Composed 770+ works, including the famous “Wedding Notes March” and “Hark! The Herald

Musical prodigy: a child (under age 12) who Angels Sing.” displays a talent in music on the same level as a skilled adult musician. 4. Responsible for the rediscovery and revival of Bach’s music. Incidental music: background music composed to go with the action or speaking parts of a drama. 5. Died of a stroke at age 38. Ophicleide (aw-fih-KLAH-EED): a keyed brass instrument with long tubing that bends back on itself.

Bergamask dance: an awkward, clumsy, rustic peasant Notes dance that comes from Bergamo, Italy.

Overture: an orchestral introduction to a longer work, or a similar piece that stands alone.

At age 17 Mendelssohn wrote the Overture to A Midsummer Night’s Dream for the Crown Prince of Prussia. The Prince became King in 1840, and asked Mendelssohn to compose incidental music for Shakespeare’s play. The incidental music includes the world-famous “Wedding March,” which is often used when the bride and groom leave the wedding ceremony.

“Dance of the Clowns” is a Bergamask dance that occurs in the final act of the play after the wedding ceremony.

In the “Dance of the Clowns,” the ophicleide plays the pulse with the timpani, cellos, and string basses.

Exsultate, Jubilate Mozart Fast Five

Alleluja \'mōt-särt\ 1. Austrian Classical composer. 1756-1791 Musical Minute 2. Played violin, viola, harpsichord, Instrument/Voice clavier, piano, and organ. Motet: a form of church Voice (soprano) and music written in Latin 3. Child prodigy. Considered a chamber orchestra for solo voice. musical genius his whole life.

4. Traveled extensively with his Notes sister around Europe performing Musical prodigy: a child (under age 12) who for royalty. Died of rheumatic displays a talent in music on the same level as fever. a skilled adult musician. 5. One of the most important Chamber orchestra: a few musicians who play in a room classical composers in history. (chamber) or small hall.

Aria (“air” in Italian): an operatic song, for one voice, often sung with an orchestra. Notes Soprano: high female singing voice.

Ornamentation: the decoration of a melody, either by adding notes or by modifying rhythms, to make it more interesting or pleasing.

Exsultate, Jubilate (“Rejoice, Shout!” in Latin) is one of 20 motets composed by Mozart. It was written in Milan in 1773, when Mozart was just 16 years old, during one of his visits to Italy with his father. It has two arias and ends with “Alleluia.”

The chamber orchestra for this motet consists of 2 oboes, 2 French horns, 2 violins, 2 violas, cello, and organ.

Exsultate, Jubilate is one of Mozart’s most popular works. “Alleluja” is frequently performed in concerts.

Pictures at an Exhibition Mussorgsky Fast Five

Ballet of the Unhatched Chicks \mu̇-'sȯrg-skē\ 1. Russian Romantic composer. 1839-1881 Member of the Russian “Five.” Musical Minute

Instrument/Voice Suite: a musical form 2. Played piano and sang. made up of a collection Orchestra of short pieces. 3. Never studied music composition in school. Composed part time. Notes

Orchestration: writing music for an orchestra, 4. Was a member of the Russian or adapting music written for one instrument Imperial Guard. Worked at so that it can be played by an orchestra. several civil service jobs.

Ballet: a story told through music and dancing, performed 5. Had little money and lived in on a stage with costumes, sets, and lighting. poverty. Died from alcoholism. Scherzino (“little scherzo” in Italian): a lively, light-hearted movement (scherzo: “joke” in Italian).

Pictures at an Exhibition was composed in 12 days in 1874 for solo piano, as a tribute to the artist Viktor Hartmann, a Notes departed friend of Mussorgsky.

The suite has been orchestrated several times, but the 1922 arrangement for full orchestra by French composer Maurice Ravel (1875-1937) is the best known and most often performed.

The suite contains 15 pieces: 10 movements which are musical illustrations of Hartmann pictures, plus the “Promenade” and several interludes.

“Ballet of the Unhatched Chicks” is the fifth “picture.” It was inspired by Hartmann’s illustration of a child’s costume for a scene in a Russian Ballet named Trilby.

The movement is a scherzino and is marked vivo, leggiero (“lively, lightly” in Italian).

Missa Hodie Christus natus est Palestrina Fast Five \ˌpæl-ə‘-stri-nə\ Kyrie 1. Italian Renaissance composer. 1525-1594 Musical Minute 2. Played organ and sang. Instrument / Voice Kyrie: portion of the mass 3. Musical director and official 8-part voices in which the faithful praise composer for the choir at (SSAATTBB) the Lord and ask for mercy. St. Peter’s Basilica in Rome. Official title: Master of Music at the Vatican Basilica. Notes 4. Most famous 16th century Missa (“mass” in Latin): a Roman Catholic Roman composer. worship service. Also, a sacred composition that Influenced development sets the portions of the liturgy of the Roman Catholic of Roman Catholic Church Church to music. music. Composed only Parody mass: a mass based on already-existing music. choral music.

Motet: a choral composition with a sacred text. 5. Died of pleurisy

Choir: a large group of singers associated with the church (inflammation of (sacred). The voices of an adult choir include soprano (S), membranes around lungs). alto (A), tenor (T), and bass (B). Buried in St. Peter’s Basilica. A cappella (“in the chapel style” in Italian): performed without instrumental accompaniment.

Missa Hodie Christus natus est, (“Christ is Born Today”), Notes aka “Christmas Mass,” was published in 1601.

It is a parody mass modelled on Palestrina’s own 8- voiced motet for Christmas Day, “Hodie Christus Natus est,” published in 1575.

The parts of the mass are Kyrie, Gloria, Sanctus, Benedictus, and Agnus Dei.

The text is in Latin: Kyrie eleison (“Lord have mercy”) and Christe eleison (“Christ have mercy.”)

Palestrina grouped the 8 vocal parts into a high choir (SSAB) and a low choir (ATTB).

Carnival of the Animals Saint-Saëns Fast Five \saⁿ-'säⁿs\ Finale 1. French Romantic composer. 1835-1921 Musical Minute Instrument/Voice 2. Played piano and organ. Suite: a musical form 2 pianos, chamber made up of a collection 3. Musical prodigy. Composed orchestra of short pieces. songs and piano pieces by the age of 3. Became a student at the Paris Conservatory at 13. Notes

Finale: the ending of a piece of non-vocal 4. Wrote poems, plays, and classical music which has several movements. several books as well as music.

Chamber orchestra: a few musicians who play in a room 5. Died in Algeria from a heart (chamber) or small hall. attack. Dynamics: the volume (loudness or softness) of the sound.

Tempo: the speed of the beat.

Articulation: the way the notes are performed (staccato: Notes detached: notes are separated; legato: smooth and connected).

Saint-Saëns composed Carnival of the Animals in Austria in 1886. It was written for his students as a musical joke.

It is a suite of 14 short pieces scored for 11 instruments. The “Finale” is the final movement of the suite.

Saint-Saëns would not allow the suite to be published in his lifetime because he thought it would damage his image as a serious composer. Carnival of the Animals was published in 1922, with the first public performance the same year.

Carnival of the Animals is one of Saint-Saëns’ most popular and widely-performed works.

Also Sprach Zarathustra R. Strauss Fast Five \'strau̇s\ Introduction 1. German Romantic composer. 1864-1949 Musical Minute 2. Played piano and violin. Instrument/Voice Tone poem: a composition Large orchestra (extra for orchestra that is based 3. Musical prodigy. Son of a brass and woodwinds) on a story or folk tale. AKA famous player. and organ symphonic poem. 4. Composed tone poems, operas, and songs. Famous as a Notes conductor. Strauss composed Musical prodigy: a child (under age 12) who the music (Alpine Symphony) displays a talent in music on the same level as that is on the first CD to be a skilled adult musician. commercially released (1983).

Program music: instrumental music that describes a story 5. Died of kidney failure. or a sequence of images.

Motif: a short succession of notes producing a single impression. Notes Musical theme: first main melody in a musical composition.

Also Sprach Zarathustra (“Thus Spoke Zarathustra”) was composed in 1896. Strauss conducted its first performance in Frankfurt the same year.

It is the most popular of Strauss’ seven tone poems. The Introduction (also called the Prelude) is the most- performed of its nine sections.

It is based on a novel, Zarathustra, by German poet and philosopher Friedrich Nietzsche (1844-1900). The book is about humans becoming a race of “super men.”

The Introduction opens with a long low C that begins so softly that it is hard to hear on some recordings. It is Strauss’ most recognizable composition.

The Firebird Stravinsky Fast Five

Infernal Dance \strə-'vin(t)-skē\ 1. 20th century Russian composer and conductor. 1882-1971 Musical Minute 2. Played piano. His father was a Instrument/Voice Ballet: a story told famous Russian opera singer.

through music and Large orchestra (extra dancing, performed 3. Studied privately with Rimsky- brass and woodwinds) on a stage with costumes, Korsakov, one of the Russian 3 harps, and piano sets, and lighting. “Five.”

4. Composed in a sound-proof room. No one was allowed in Notes when his door was closed.

Infernal: fiendish, diabolical, awful. 5. Became a U.S. citizen in 1945. Lived in California. Died in New Timbre: the quality of a sound that distinguishes it from York City of congestive heart other sounds. failure.

Accent: to emphasize, make stronger. Notes Sforzando (subito forzando): a sudden forceful accent abbreviated sfz.

The Firebird is Stravinsky’s first ballet. It was composed in Russia in 1910 for the Ballet Russes (Russian Ballet) to perform at the Paris Opera House. It was an instant success and made Stravinsky famous overnight.

Stravinsky created three suites from the music of the ballet. The “Infernal Dance” is part of each of the suites.

The “Infernal Dance” is full of brilliant, imaginative contrasts in color and timbre. The rhythmic energy is created by accents, dynamic contrasts, and strong, irregular rhythms.

Concerto for Viola and String Orchestra Telemann Fast Five

in G Major Movement 2 \ˈtā-lə-ˌmän\ 1. German Baroque composer.

1681-1767 2. Taught himself to play violin, Musical Minute organ, zither, harpsichord, Instrument/Voice recorder, flute, oboe, Concerto: a composition, solo viola and chamber chalumeau (early clarinet), usually in 3 parts or orchestra: cello, string bass, trombone, movements, for solo 2 violins, viola, cello, and calchedon (flute). Was instrument(s) and orchestra. string bass, harpsichord an excellent singer.

3. Composed 3,000+ pieces of Notes music for church and court. Viola: a stringed instrument, member of the Published and sold his music.

violin family. Larger than a violin and smaller 4. Interested in poetry. than a cello. Strings are played with a bow or plucked by Published books of poems. the fingers. Plays mostly in alto clef. Wrote 3 autobiographies. Avid gardener. Chamber orchestra: a few musicians who play in a room (chamber) or small hall. 5. Famous in his time. Friend

Basso continuo: a type of Baroque accompaniment in of Bach and Handel. which one or more instruments play the bass line and chords. Frequently the harpsichord improvises chords over the cello’s bass line. Notes

Ritornello: (“return” in Italian): a recurring section of music, usually played by the chamber orchestra, that alternates with different contrasting sections.

Telemann’s Viola Concerto is the first known concerto for viola, the only Baroque viola concerto, and the only viola concerto that Telemann wrote.

It was composed between 1716 and 1721, when Telemann was the official music director for the city of Frankfurt, Germany, for the weekly Frauenstein concerts.

This concerto has four movements (slow-fast-slow-fast). It is one of Telemann’s most popular works. Movement 2 is the section played most often.

Aida Verdi Fast Five Triumphal March \'ver-dē\ 1. Italian romantic 1813-1901 composer and conductor. Musical Minute Instrument/Voice “Aida”: an Arabic female 2. Played piano, spinet, and Full orchestra name that means “visitor” organ. and opera chorus or “returning.”

3. Devoted his life to opera. Notes Composed 28 operas.

Opera: a story told completely through music. 4. Senator in the Italian The characters sing with an orchestra and act Parliament. out the story on a stage with costumes, scenery, props, and choreography. 5. Popular during his lifetime Soprano: high female singing voice. Alto: low female and remains so today. Died singing voice. Tenor: high male singing voice. Bass: low after suffering a stroke. male singing voice.

Opera chorus: a group of singers that sings the parts of the townspeople or other special groups of characters in an Notes opera. The chorus is made up of sopranos, altos, tenors, and basses, and those parts are often divided.

Libretto: contains all the words and stage directions for an opera.

Verdi’s opera, Aida, was commissioned for $20,000 by the ruler of Egypt, Ismail the Magnificent. It premiered in Cairo, Egypt, on Christmas Eve, 1871. Verdi wasn’t there. He did attend its premiere in Milan, Italy in 1872.

Aida is set in the ancient Egyptian cities of Memphis and Thebes, during the time of the Pharaohs and the building of the pyramids.

Aida ranks number 16 on the list of the 20 most- performed operas in the U.S.

Symphony No. 5 Beethoven Fast Five

\'bā-ˌtō-vən\ 1. German Classical/Romantic Movement 4 composer. One of the “Three 1770-1827 B’s” (Bach, Beethoven, Brahms). Musical Minute

Symphony: a musical 2. Played violin, viola, organ, and Instrument/Voice composition in three was a virtuoso pianist.

Full orchestra or more sections or 3. Gradually became deaf (began movements for orchestra. to lose his hearing in 1796; completely deaf in 1818).

Notes 4. Moody, disorganized, and : musical form established in the arrogant.

Classical period. Also called “sonata-allegro form” because 5. Composer of 9 famous the tempo is frequently fast and “first-movement form” symphonies. One of the most because it is typically used in the first movement of multi- famous and influential movement pieces (i.e., symphony, concerto, ). composers in music history. The sonata form can be used in subsequent movements as well – particularly the final movement.

Exposition: all the main themes are presented: first theme Notes in home key; contrasting theme in a related key. Section may be repeated.

Development; themes are explored and developed, through Beethoven’s Fifth is the most popular, best known, most often- several different keys, with some new material added. performed symphony.

Recapitulation: themes of the exposition are restated, but stay in the home key.

Coda (“tail”): ending of a piece of music.

Beethoven’s Fifth Symphony premiered at an all-Beethoven marathon concert with the composer conducting. Also on the program: Symphony No. 6, Piano Concerto No. 4 (with Beethoven as soloist), and several other compositions. The four-hour concert did not go well. The musicians struggled to play the demanding new music in a freezing hall after limited rehearsal. This concert was Beethoven’s last public appearance as a soloist.

Fantasía para un gentilhombre Rodrigo Fast Five

\ro-'dɾi-ɡo\ 1. 20th century Spanish composer. Movement 1 1901-1999 2. Played violin and was a Musical Minute virtuoso pianist.

Instrument/Voice Concerto : a composition, 3. Nearly blind from the age of 3 usually in 3 parts or Guitar and orchestra from diphtheria. Totally blind in movements, for solo 1948 due to glaucoma. Used a instrument(s) and orchestra. special machine to write music in Braille, and later dictated the Notes music to a copyist.

Fantasía (“fantasy” or “fancy”): an improvisational 4. His 26 works for the guitar composition, usually for an instrumental soloist. established it as a concert instrument. Gentilhombre (“gentleman” in Spanish). Translation of the title: “Fantasy for a Gentleman.” 5. One of Spain’s greatest composers. Raised to nobility Villano: instrumental music for a 17th century village by King Juan Carlos I with the peasant dance. The dance is accompanied by hand title “Marqués de los jardines clapping, using alternating hands to slap the feet or the de Aranjuez.” floor, and incorporates graceful turns, high leaps, landing with feet wide apart, and, while sitting on the ground, raising one foot at a time to the beat of the music. Notes Ricercare (“to search out”): a type of 17th century that is serious in character and uses long note values in Fantasía para un gentilhombre has four movements, based on the subject. th six short dances for solo guitar by the 17 century Spanish Fugue: a musical composition for a definite number of parts priest and composer Gaspar Sanz (1640-1710), one of the first or voices, in which the subject is announced in one voice, great guitar virtuosos. and then imitated and developed in each of the other parts.

Composed in 1954 for Spanish guitar virtuoso Andrés Segovia (1893-1987).

Fantasía para un gentilhombre is a companion piece to Rodrigo’s most famous composition, Concierto de Aranjuez (1939), the first concert work composed for guitar and orchestra.

The Flying Dutchman Wagner Fast Five \'väg-nər\ Overture 1. German Romantic composer. 1813-1883 Musical Minute

Leitmotif (“leading motif”): 2. Played piano. Also known as a Instrument/Voice conductor and theater director. a short musical phrase Full orchestra associated with a character, place, idea, or feeling. 3. Famous for his operas, which he called “music dramas.” Notes 4. Wrote the libretto as well as Opera: a story told completely through music. The the music for all his operas. characters sing with an orchestra and act out the story on a stage with costumes, scenery, props, and choreography. 5. Died of a heart attack.

Overture: the instrumental introduction of an opera. It prepares the audience for the music to come. Sometimes overtures are played as independent pieces, apart from the opera. Notes

Libretto: contains all the words and stage directions for an opera. The Flying Dutchman: a legendary ghost ship that can never

Wagner wrote the libretto and composed the music of The make port and is doomed to sail the oceans forever. The Flying Flying Dutchman (Der fliegende Holländer) in 1840-1841. Dutchman also refers to the Captain of the ship. The music of the Overture was composed last. He conducted the premiere in Dresden in 1843.

The Overture and the opera have identical endings. When Wagner revised the opera (1846, 1852, and 1860), all changes made to the music at the end of the Overture were copied to the music at the end of the opera.

The Flying Dutchman is the shortest of Wagner’s operas (ca. 2 hours, 20 minutes), and was the first to be performed at the Bayreuth Festival.

Prairie Light Welcher Fast Five

\'wɛltʃ- ɚ\ 1. Contemporary American Starlight Night composer.

Born in 1948. 2. Plays piano. Played the bassoon Musical Minute professionally.

Instrument/Voice Suite: a musical form 3. Composed over 100 works in made up of a collection Orchestra many genres (for piano, voice, of short pieces. choir, orchestra, concert band, chamber music, and opera).

4. Professor of composition. Notes Conductor. Hosted a weekly Georgia O’Keeffe (1887-1986): an American artist radio series about composition known for her paintings of enlarged flowers, New York for kids. Travels widely to skyscrapers, and New Mexico landscapes. Known as the conduct and teach.

“Mother of American modernism.” 5. One of the most-played Watercolor: a painting method in which paints are made of composers of his generation pigments suspended in a water-based solution. Watercolor Lives in Bastrop, Texas. refers to both the medium and the resulting artwork.

Program music: instrumental music that describes a story Notes or a sequence of images.

Prairie: a large, mostly flat area of land in North America that has few trees and is covered in grasses.

Prairie Light was commissioned in 1985 by the Sherman Symphony Orchestra in Sherman, Texas. It premiered there in 1986.

Full title: Prairie Light: Three Texas Water Colors of Georgia O’Keeffe. The suite was inspired by three of Georgia O’Keeffe’s watercolors from 1917: “Light Coming on the Plains,” “Canyon with Crows,” and “Starlight Night.” The three movements have the same titles as the paintings.

Prairie Light is Welcher’s most frequently-performed composition for orchestra. Pictures of the three O’Keeffe watercolors are often projected in performances.