Mechanisation in Paddy Farming – Paradigm Shift in the Farmers Perception: an Empirical Analysis
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International Journal of Engineering and Advanced Technology (IJEAT) ISSN: 2249 – 8958, Volume-8 Issue-4, April 2019 Mechanisation in Paddy Farming – Paradigm shift in the Farmers Perception: An Empirical Analysis A. Naga Bhushan, M. Sivakoti Reddy period ended with tractor production, which started under Abstract— Mechanisation practices have been growing in license in 1961, having an annual output of 880 tractors by rapid phase in the Indian paddy farming. The researcher Eicher Tractor Ltd. Five manufacturers were licensed to emphasised over the different paddy farming practices such as, make tractors, while production of power tillers started in primary tillage, secondary tillage, plantation, intercultural 1965. More concentrated support for the field of agricultural operations and harvesting and threshing. The researcher tested the impact of mechanisation in the various paddy farming engineering education was provided with establishment of practices. Researcher deployed the paired t-test and the results are the first college of agricultural engineering, based on the US presented. The study has been carried in Tenali revenue mandal Land Grant pattern, in 1962 at Pantnagar with the help of the located in Guntur district of Andhra Pradesh state in India. University of Illinois. This was followed by the establishment of six more colleges and two degree-granting Index Words: Mechanisation, paddy farming, primary tillage, departments at institutes under the Table 6 presents key secondary tillage, plantation, intercultural operations, harvesting mechanization indicators and information from India. Indian and threshing Council for Agricultural Research (ICAR). During this time, I. INTRODUCTION 96% of the tractors were owned by larger farmers with landholdings of more than 10 ha. Another major Mechanization in agriculture has paralleled many other development was the creation of credit facilities to purchase changes in India, which has transformed itself from a farm equipment. In the late 1960s, the Green Revolution machinery importer to the world’s leading tractor began, marking the beginning of the second stage. manufacturer. Most of the earlier innovations in the rice mechanization sector in India were on tractors, drillers, and III. III. RESEARCH PROBLEM mechanical trans planters, different types of irrigation machinery, and mechanical weed control as preharvest There are many studies which reveals about the machines. For postharvest operations, automation is used for mechanization’s role in the paddy farming. Some specific harvesting, proper threshing; post thresh cleaning, rolling, studies focused and revealed the utilization of concerned milling, drying, and safe storage (Manchikanti and Sengupta tools and technology in determining the paddy yielding. But 2011). The adoption of agricultural mechanization in India is there is no a study which describe the role of mechanisation continuously increasing. In 2007, India had 3.2 million in the wholesome practices of paddy farming. Hence, this agricultural tractors and 0.48 million combine harvesters and study focused to assess the impact of mechanization among threshers. The density of tractors per 1,000 ha of cropped the different paddy farming practices in India. area was about 16 compared with the world average of 19, and 27 in the US (Directorate of Economics and Statistics IV. IV. RESEARCH METHODOLOGY 2013). The present study applied the stratified random sampling technique to collect the required data for this study. The II. II. MECHANIZATION GROWTH IN INDIA researcher collected 160 samples from the different locations The general pattern for the growth of mechanization in in Tenali revenue division of Andhra Pradesh. Researcher India was found to be broadly similar to a more worldwide used a self-administered questionnaire and collected the pattern but with two clear mechanization stages: (a) the first data. After collecting the data, the researcher applied paired stage starting from the 1950s to the 1970s, and (b) the second t-test method and analyzed the data. The specific results are stage from 1970 to the present (Gajendra Singh 2013). The mentioned in the following paragraphs. first stage included education related to agricultural engineering programs, indicating its importance alongside other engineering disciplines; importing of tractors; and farm operations and transport work using draught animals. This Revised Manuscript Received on April 28, 2019. A. Naga Bhushan, Research Scholar, Asst. Professor, Department of Management Studies, Vignan’s Foundation for Science Technology and Research, Vadlamudi, Guntur, India. Dr.M. Sivakoti Reddy, Asst.professor, Department of Management Studies, Vignan’s Foundation for Science Technology and Research, Vadlamudi, Guntur, India. Published By: Blue Eyes Intelligence Engineering Retrieval Number: D7013048419/19©BEIESP 1892 & Sciences Publication Mechanisation in Paddy Farming – Paradigm shift in the Farmers Perception: An Empirical Analysis V. V. DATA ANALYSIS The above table - 1 depicted that the mean score of the primary tillage before Mechanisation in paddy farming is Testing the impact of Mechanisation in paddy farming found to be 4.2895 and the same mechanisation is found to over the Primary Tillage be 3.5877. The standard deviation values are 0.68241 and Assessing the impact of Mechanisation in paddy farming 1.07722 before and after respectively. The standard error over Primary tillage: mean values are found to be 0.05535 and 0.08737 The impact of Mechanisation in paddy farming over the respectively. primary tillage in the paddy farming is tested with the paired t-test. The mean scores before the mechanisation and after Table - 2: Paired Sample Correlation of Primary tillage the mean scores are paired to test the results. The results are Paired Samples Correlations presented the following tables. Corre N Sig. lation Table - 1 Paired Sample Statistics of the Primary tillage Primary tillage Before Paired Samples Statistics Mechanisation in paddy Std. Std. farming & Primary tillage 160 0.571 0.000 Mean N Deviati Error After Mechanisation in on Mean paddy farming Primary tillage Before The above table - 2 revealed about the paired sample Mechanisation 4.2895 160 0.68241 0.05535 correlation between the before and after the mechanisation in in paddy paddy farming over the primary tillage practices in the paddy farming farming. The results disclosed that the correlation value is Primary 0.571 which is indicates that there is a moderate correlation tillage After and the p-value is found to be 0.000. Mechanisation 3.5877 160 1.07722 0.08737 in paddy farming Table - 3: Paired Sample Test results of Primary tillage Paired Samples Test Paired Differences 95% Confidence Interval Sig. Std. Error t Mean Std. Deviation of the Difference (2-tailed) Mean Lower Upper BPT - APT 0.70175 0.88663 0.0719 0.5596 0.8438 9.758 0.000 The results of paired sample test of primary tillage are presented the following tables. presented in table – 3 revealed that the mean of the sample is found to be 0.70175. the standard deviation is found to be Table - 4 Paired Sample Statistics of the Secondary 0.88663, standard mean is 0.0719. The bootstrapping results tillage of the test yielded the lower control limit as 0.5596 and the Paired Samples Statistics upper control limit as 0.8438. The concerned confidence Std. Std. Mea intervals did not observe zero between them which we can N Deviatio Error n interpret that the sample results are significant. The t-value is n Mean found to be 9.758 and the p-value is found to be 0.000. Secondary tillage VI. CONCLUSION: Before The test results showed a significant increase in primary Mechanisa 3.3771 160 0.85558 0.08556 tion in tillage after Mechanisation in paddy farming. P- value is less paddy than 0.05 and the mean difference is equal to 0.702. The farming results therefore corroborates that fact the Primary tillage Secondary initiatives incorporated in Mechanisation are engendering tillage effective results. Hence, we conclude that the proposed null After hypothesis (H10) is disproved and alternative hypothesis Mechanisa 3.9600 160 0.59893 0.05989 (H1) is accepted. tion in Assessing the impact of Mechanisation in paddy farming paddy over Secondary tillage: farming The impact of Mechanisation in paddy farming over the secondary tillage in the paddy farming is tested with the paired t-test. The mean scores before the mechanisation and after the mean scores is paired to test the results. The results Published By: Blue Eyes Intelligence Engineering Retrieval Number: D7013048419/19©BEIESP 1893 & Sciences Publication Mechanisation in Paddy Farming – Paradigm shift in the Farmers Perception: An Empirical Analysis The above table – 4 depicted that the mean score of the The above table - 5 revealed about the paired sample secondary tillage before Mechanisation in paddy farming is correlation between the before and after the Mechanisation found to be 3.3771 and the same mechanisation is found to in paddy farming over the Secondary tillage practices in the be 3.9600. The standard deviation values are 0.85558 and paddy farming. The results disclosed that the correlation 0.59893 before and after respectively. The standard error value is 0.344 which is indicates that there is a low mean values are found to be 0.08556 and 0.05989 correlation and the p-value is found to be 0.000. respectively. The results of paired sample test of secondary tillage revealed that the mean of the sample is found to be 0.58286. Table - 5: Paired Sample Correlation of Secondary The standard deviation is found to be 0.85947, standard tillage mean is 0.08595. The bootstrapping results of the test Paired Samples Correlations yielded the lower control limit as -0.75339 and the upper Corre control limit as -0.41232. The concerned confidence N Sig. lation intervals did not observe zero between them which we can Secondary tillage Before interpret that the sample results are significant. The t-value is Mechanisation in paddy found to be -6.782 and the p-value is found to be 0.000.