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Breakthrough Technologies and Emerging Industries: the Role of Entrepreneurial Firms, Incumbents and Intermediaries in Organic and Printed Electronics

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Breakthrough Technologies and Emerging Industries: the Role of Entrepreneurial Firms, Incumbents and Intermediaries in Organic and Printed Electronics Breakthrough Technologies and Emerging Industries: The Role of Entrepreneurial Firms, Incumbents and Intermediaries in Organic and Printed Electronics A Thesis Submitted to the University of Manchester for the Degree of Doctor of Philosophy (PhD) in the Faculty of Humanities 2016 Ambarin Asad Khan Manchester Institute of Innovation Research (MIOIR) Manchester Business School List of Contents LIST OF CONTENTS .......................................................................................................................................... 2 ABSTRACT ........................................................................................................................................................ 10 DECLARATION ................................................................................................................................................ 11 COPYRIGHT STATEMENT............................................................................................................................ 11 ABBREVIATIONS ............................................................................................................................................. 12 ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS ............................................................................................................................... 14 DEDICATED TO ............................................................................................................................................... 15 1 INTRODUCTION ..................................................................................................................................... 16 1.1 RESEARCH CONTEXT AND OBJECTIVE .................................................................................................... 18 1.2 THE RESEARCH APPROACH ..................................................................................................................... 20 1.3 STRUCTURE OF THE THESIS ..................................................................................................................... 20 2 LITERATURE REVIEW ......................................................................................................................... 22 2.1 INTRODUCTION ....................................................................................................................................... 22 2.2 BREAKTHROUGH TECHNOLOGIES AND EMERGING INDUSTRIES .............................................................. 22 2.2.1 Dynamics of Breakthrough Technologies ..................................................................................... 24 2.2.2 Industry Life Cycle Theory and Stages of Industry Emergence .................................................... 30 2.2.3 Emergence and Evolution: Theoretical Considerations ............................................................... 35 2.3 ACTORS AND PROCESSES IN THE CONTEXT OF BREAKTHROUGH TECHNOLOGIES AND EMERGING INDUSTRIES ...................................................................................................................................................... 40 2.3.1 Role of New Technology-Based Firms .......................................................................................... 42 2.3.2 How Incumbents Cope with Breakthrough Innovations ............................................................... 49 2.3.3 Intermediaries ............................................................................................................................... 60 2.4 NEW ORGANISATIONAL FORMS - ECOSYSTEMS ...................................................................................... 69 2.4.1 Significance of Ecosystem Perspectives for Emerging Technologies ........................................... 73 2.4.2 Risks in Ecosystem ........................................................................................................................ 74 2.5 ORGANISATIONAL ROUTINES .................................................................................................................. 75 2.5.1 Foundation of Routines ................................................................................................................. 76 2.5.2 Routines as Collective Recurrent Pattern ..................................................................................... 78 2.5.3 Routines as Behavioural Dispositions .......................................................................................... 79 2.5.4 Duality of Routines: Routines as a Source of Stability and Endogenous Change ........................ 79 2.5.5 Sociomateriality of Routines ......................................................................................................... 81 2.5.6 Routines as Truce ......................................................................................................................... 82 2.6 ROUTINES AS MICROFOUNDATIONS OF ORGANISATIONAL CAPABILITIES ............................................... 82 2.6.1 Routine-Based Model of Absorptive Capacity .............................................................................. 84 2.7 SUMMARY ............................................................................................................................................... 90 3 RESEARCH DESIGN .............................................................................................................................. 94 2 3.1 INTRODUCTION ....................................................................................................................................... 94 3.2 RESEARCH OBJECTIVES AND CONCEPTUAL FRAMEWORK ....................................................................... 95 3.3 RESEARCH QUESTIONS ............................................................................................................................ 99 3.4 PHILOSOPHICAL ASSUMPTIONS—CRITICAL REALISM ........................................................................... 100 3.5 RESEARCH STRATEGIES ........................................................................................................................ 102 3.6 CHALLENGES OF DATA COLLECTION FOR BREAKTHROUGH TECHNOLOGIES IN EMERGING INDUSTRIES .... .............................................................................................................................................................. 104 3.7 ITERATIVE PROCESS OF CASE SELECTION ............................................................................................. 104 3.8 APPROACHES FOR DATA COLLECTION .................................................................................................. 109 3.8.1 Field-Configuring Events and Observation Techniques ............................................................. 111 3.8.2 Interview Design ......................................................................................................................... 112 3.8.3 Company Documentation and Other Secondary Data ................................................................ 114 3.9 DATA ANALYSIS ................................................................................................................................... 116 3.10 RESEARCH VALIDITY ....................................................................................................................... 117 3.11 CONCLUSIONS .................................................................................................................................. 118 4 THE CONTEXT: ORGANIC AND PRINTED ELECTRONICS ...................................................... 119 4.1 INTRODUCTION ..................................................................................................................................... 119 4.2 DEFINITION OF ORGANIC AND PRINTED ELECTRONICS ......................................................................... 119 4.3 ORGANIC AND PRINTED ELECTRONICS: FROM SILICON TO CARBON ..................................................... 120 4.4 MARKET POTENTIAL AND APPLICATIONS FOR OPE .............................................................................. 122 4.5 ROADMAP FOR ORGANIC AND PRINTED ELECTRONICS ......................................................................... 126 4.5.1 Flexible Displays ........................................................................................................................ 127 4.5.2 OLED Lighting ........................................................................................................................... 131 4.5.3 Third Generation Photovoltaics ................................................................................................. 135 4.5.4 Electronics and Components ...................................................................................................... 139 4.5.5 Integrated Smart Systems (ISS) ................................................................................................... 140 4.6 FUNDING, GOVERNMENT INITIATIVES AND SUPPORT ............................................................................ 141 4.7 STANDARDS .......................................................................................................................................... 145 4.8 CONCLUSIONS ....................................................................................................................................... 149 5 DYNAMICS AND EMERGENCE OF ORGANIC AND PRINTED ELECTRONICS ................... 150 5.1 INTRODUCTION ....................................................................................................................................
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