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Integration of Spatially Variable Currents Thomas Adams (1), Dmitry Al Moving forward with modelling deposition for aquaculture: integration of spatially variable currents Thomas Adams (1), Dmitry Aleynik (1) and Philip Gillibrand (2) 1: Scottish Association for Marine Science, Dunbeg, Oban, PA37 1QA 2: Marine Harvest Scotland, Stob Ban, Fort William Area being submitted to: (1) General science session Presentation type: (ii) e-poster Are you a student: NO Abstract Salmon aquaculture sites in Scotland are regulated on the basis of their influence on the seabed surrounding that site, both in terms of organic enrichment from waste feed and fish faeces, and in terms of the chemicals used to treat fish against parasitic sea lice. Farms exceeding agreed levels of enrichment (measured by faunal composition of the benthic environment) and chemical concentrations are liable to action by the regulator. When new developments are proposed and agreed the modelling software DEPOMOD is used by site operators and the regulator (Scottish Environmental Protection Agency) in order to estimate the maximum biomass that can be contained at a particular proposed site. These predictions are made using information on the surrounding physical environment (bathymetry and coastline), and a current meter record collected by the site operator. A principal limitation of this method has been the use of current data with no spatial component, which prevents the prediction of accurate spatial zones of influence for a particular farm site. The availability of high resolution spatial hydrodynamic models means that it is now possible to better represent the complex coastal environment in which farms are sited, and for a better understanding the environmental impact of sites to be gained. We present here the first results gained using this methodology, with application to specific sites on the west coast of Scotland. References: Cromey, C.J., Nickell, T.D. & Black, K.D. (2002) DEPOMOD—modelling the deposition and biological effects of waste solids from marine cage farms. Aquaculture, 214, 211– 239. Cromey, C.J., Nickell, T.D., Black, K.D., Provost, P.G. & Griffiths, C.R. (2002) Validation of a fish farm waste resuspension model by use of a particulate tracer discharged from a point source in a coastal environment. Estuaries and Coasts, 25, 916–929. MASTS: Annual Science Meeting 31 October – 2 November 2018 Effect of different wind forcing representations on hydrodynamic fields modelled by the Scottish Shelf Model Katie Burke1,2, Rory O’Hara Murray1, Louise Campbell1 and Simon Waldman1 1Marine Scotland Science, 375 Victoria Road, Aberdeen, UK. – [email protected] 2School of Physics and Astronomy, University of St Andrews, St Andrews, Fife, UK Area being submitted to (delete as appropriate): 1) General science session Preferred presentation medium (delete as appropriate): (ii) e-poster format. Are you a student? (Delete as appropriate): Yes Several studies investigating the effect of wind understanding of atmospheric forcing in the forcing on marine currents have previously been climatological runs. conducted. Wind stress is known to largely be the primary driving factor for circulation during the winter months and the main contributor to the upper layer circulation in an ocean (Siedler, Church, & Gould, 2001). The Scottish Shelf Model (SSM) is a hydrodynamic model of Scottish shelf waters and is used for a wide range of scientific, industrial and societal applications. One of the most useful SSM outputs is a 1 year climatology (an “average” year) but the forcing of this climatology smooths out extreme events such as storms, which may potentially have a clear effect on modelled circulation. This current project aims to understand the sensitivity of the SSM to the preparation of wind forcing data for climatological runs. Atmospheric data from the ECMWF Figure 1: Graph demonstrating the difference between ERA_Interim reanalysis was downloaded and treated raw and averaged wind data in three ways: i) raw, 6-hourly forcing data; ii) climatological averaging based on just the year under consideration and iii) climatological averaging of the Acknowledgements relevant months from 25 years of data, as currently used for the SSM climatological runs. The model was This work was conducted on an Equate Scotland run for a period of two months with each version of placement at Marine Scotland Science. ECMWF are the wind inputs, and the results compared in terms of acknowledged for providing data and Michela De differences in surface currents and in transport across Dominicis(NOC, Liverpool) is to be thanked for her a number of well-studied standard hydrographic work on climatological atmospheric forcing. transects. These included the JONSIS line in the North Sea, the Ellett line off the west coast and a References transect line across the Fair Isle Gap. Each of these Siedler, G., Church, J., & Gould, J. (Eds.). (2001). Ocean transects intersect important circulation features and Circulation and Climate. Academic Press. have been under observation for extensive periods, so transport from the model runs can be compared with a long observational time series. Specifically, the mean transport and time series of transport through each of the transect lines is to be explored and compared with the wind velocity at points across each transect. This allows for a comparison of the effect of raw and averaged wind forcing which gives opportunity for a better MASTS: Annual Science Meeting 31 October – 2 November 2018 Flood protection services of tidal marsh ecosystems: current and historical wave attenuation at Sturgeon Bank in British Columbia, Canada Krista Cawley1, Susan E. Allen2, Stephanie E. Chang3 1 Institute for Resources, Environment and Sustainability, The University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada, V6T 1Z4 – [email protected] 2 Department of Earth and Ocean Sciences, The University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada, V6T 1Z4 3 School of Community and Regional Planning, The University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada, V6T 1Z4 Area being submitted to: 4) Increasing resilience to natural hazards Preferred presentation medium: e-poster format. Are you a student? Yes Data from these vegetation surveys will be Coastal communities are facing an used to model the dissipation in wave energy from increasing risk of flooding from storm surge and storm surge across the foreshore system, from the future sea level rise due to climate change. Many marsh leading edge to the protective dikes. Using communities are looking towards infrastructure like the SWAN wave model, coupled with the dikes and seawalls for increased coastal protection; SalishSeaCast and WaveWatch III hydrodynamic however, coastal ecosystems may also be an models, the wave attenuation profile across Sturgeon important protective feature of some coastlines. Bank will be shown by mapping changes in wave Tidal marsh ecosystems, comprised of both height and wave energy dissipation. estuarine and marine systems, are important This research will provide a baseline for ecosystems for flood protection. Coastal vegetation wave attenuation in the tidal foreshore marshes of in these areas can act as a potential buffer for Sturgeon Bank and will measure the potential flooding by reducing wave height and dissipating change in wave attenuation since 1975 for the wave energy across a foreshore tidal marsh, thus coastal community of Richmond, British Columbia. reducing the potential wave run-up on dikes and This will also add support to the stewardship of other coastal structures. In the Fraser River delta these tidal marshes in the future by quantifying the British Columbia, Canada, research is documenting protective services offered by the vegetation. As how tidal marsh ecosystems are receding which may there remains a focus on coastal hazard resilience, suggest that the degree of wave attenuation from documenting changes in wave attenuation may also these ecosystems may also be decreasing. add another method of valuation to the existing A case study is being conducted in the ecosystem services. Sturgeon Bank Wildlife Management Area located adjacent to the City of Richmond in British Acknowledgements Columbia. This study will examine how vegetation in a tidal foreshore marsh can act as potential flood I would like to acknowledge the guidance of my protection for a coastal community, and how supervisor, Stephanie Chang, committee member, historical wave attenuation has changed since 1975. Susan Allen, and Eric Balke from the British This research will assess the potential changes in Columbia Ministry of Forests, Lands, Natural flood protection to a coastal community from tidal Resource Operations & Rural Development. marsh ecosystems. Additionally, many thanks to Janelle Bode, my A vegetation survey is being undertaken at fieldwork partner with whom I spent many days in the the Sturgeon Bank foreshore marsh to measure the foreshore marshes of the Fraser delta. current state (stem height, stem density, and stem diameter) of dominant plant species within the brackish marsh, while historical vegetation surveys and air photos will be used to map the tidal marsh in 1975. A second vegetation survey will be completed in January 2019 to measure the changes in vegetation between growing season and non- growing season. MASTS: Annual Science Meeting 31 October – 2 November 2018 NERC Changing Arctic Ocean: Implications for marine biology and biogeochemistry K. C. Crocket1 1 School of GeoSciences, University of Edinburgh, The King’s Building, James Hutton Road, Edinburgh EH9 3FE…. – [email protected] Area being submitted to (delete as appropriate): 5) The changing Arctic Ocean: identifying and quantifying the Arctic response to climate change; Preferred presentation medium (delete as appropriate): (ii) e-poster format. Are you a student? (Delete as appropriate): No. You must be a student member of IMarESt to be eligible for the student prizes. Join for free here - https://www.imarest.org/membership/membership-registration/upgrade-your-membership/student-member-simarest The abstract should be submitted to masts@st- the links established with scientists in 15 other andrews.ac.uk, in an editable format, by 16:00 countries. Ultimately, the aspiration of the CAO th Friday 27 July 2018.
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