Communities of Transformation and Their Work Scaling Stem Reform

Total Page:16

File Type:pdf, Size:1020Kb

Communities of Transformation and Their Work Scaling Stem Reform COMMUNITIES OF TRANSFORMATION AND THEIR WORK SCALING STEM REFORM ADRIANNA KEZAR SEAN GEHRKE PULLIAS CENTER FOR HIGHER EDUCATION ROSSIER SCHOOL OF EDUCATION UNIVERSITY OF SOUTHERN CALIFORNIA Th anks to the leaders of four communities of practice (CoPs) - Project Kaleidoscope (PKAL), SENCER, BioQUEST, and the POGIL Project for allowing us to participate and learn from their communities. Pullias Center for Higher Education Rossier School of Education University of Southern California December 2015 Th is monograph is based upon work supported by the National Science Foundation under Grant No. (NSF DUE-1226242). Any opinions, fi ndings, and conclusions or recommendations expressed in this material are those of the author(s) and do not necessarily refl ect the views of the National Science Foundation. Table of Contents I. Background and Overview of Project 1 Th e Four Communities of Transformation II. Framing: Social Networks and Communities of Practice 6 Benefi ts of Networks Design of Networks Defi ning Characteristics of Communities of Practice Designing Communities of Practice Lifecycle of Communities of Practice: Formation and Sustaining Localized and Distributed Communities of Practice Summary III. Overview of Methods 13 Data Collection Data Analysis Trustworthiness and Validity Summary IV. What are These Entities? Communities of Transformation 16 STEM Reform Communities in Relation to the Communities of Practice Literature Communities of Transformation Summary V. Outcomes and Benefi ts from Participation 22 Individual Benefi ts Organizational Outcomes Multiple Benefi ts of Ongoing Involvement Who Benefi ts? Gains for Women and Faculty of Color Team Involvement for Organizational Change and Leadership Development Additional Strategies for Broader Impact/Outcomes Summary VI. Design for Engagement & Outcomes 31 Communities of Transformation as Unique and Important Professional Development Opportunities Designing for Engagement Philosophy as Design Personal Interactions: Peer-to-Peer Learning, Brainstorming with Others, and Mentoring Trends in Quantitative Analyses Related to Design Reinforcing the Importance of Philosophy and Interactions Deeper Engagement Matters for STEM Reform Community Engagement and Design Matters more than Institutional, Professional, and Personal Characteristics Organizational Outcomes Related to STEM Reform Deeper Engagement Matters for STEM Reform Collective Eff ort for STEM Reform Community Design for Departmental and Institutional Change Cultures of Personal Support Summary VII. Formation and Lifecycle of Communities of Transformation 45 Potential Phase Coalescing Maturing Stewardship Transformation Summary VIII. Common Challenges in Evolution 54 Funding Shifting Focus Community Leadership Too Much Identifi ed with an Individual Leader Project-Focused versus Community-Focused Decisions Staleness Legitimacy Th e Dominant Culture of Science Education Maintaining Community Integrity Focus on General Faculty Improvement versus a Specifi c Pedagogical Approach Increasing and Changing Demands on Faculty Summary IX. Expansion Strategies: More on the Maturing Phase 61 Disciplinary Focus Institutional Focus Sector-wide Focus Constituent-based Focus National Focus International Focus Summary X. Sustainability Model: Understanding the Stewardship Phase 69 Leadership Development, Distribution, and Succession Planning A Viable Financial Model A Professional Staff Formal Feedback and Advice Mechanism Assessment/Research A Community-Derived Strategy that is Articulated, yet Evolving Summary XI. Future Considerations for STEM Reform Communities of Transformation 74 Capitalize More on Disciplinary Work Explore Complementary Online/Virtual Ways to Foster Community Focus More on Network Development Work with Graduate Students/Align with Graduate Initiatives Work with Centers for Teaching and Learning on Campus Work with Postdoctoral Organizations Expand Consultation Work Create On-Campus Learning Communities/Communities of Transformation Supporting Innovators on their Home Campuses Consider Approaches that Deeply Embed STEM Reform Capitalize on Other Reform Initiatives Consider Becoming a Membership Organization Consider a Networked Improvement Community Additional Mechanisms to Support Systemic Change XII. Areas for Further Research 78 Th e Continuum from Community of Practice to Social Networks Communities of Transformation Social Networks within Communities of Transformation Non-organizationally Located Communities of Practice Broader Impacts Other Approaches to Examining Outcomes Comparison of Diff erent Models of STEM Reform Eff orts Th e Tension between Stability/Sustainability and Appeal of Informal Community Th e Challenges of Expansion Th e Eff ect of the Changing Faculty on STEM Reform XIII. Conclusion 82 XIV. Bibliography 83 Executive Summary Th is mixed-methods study examined four STEM communities (BioQUEST, Project Kaleidoscope, the POGIL Project, and SENCER) in order to better understand the roles of these communities in advancing the goals of scal- ing STEM education reform. Th e project explored three key questions: • How do members and leaders of communities of practice (CoPs1) perceive CoP design (membership, structure, communication, activities, and organization to support new knowledge development and ac- tion) shapes the ability to achieve goals (around undergraduate STEM pedagogical change and diff u- sion)? • What are the perceived benefi ts of participation in a STEM reform community of practice or network for the individual participants and for their campuses? • How do communities of practice and networks form, and how are they sustained in ways that help them to achieve their goals? Th e following are the key fi ndings related to these questions: The study identifi ed a novel approach to improving STEM education, which we have called communities of transformation. Th is study identifi ed a unique variant of communities of practice, called communities of transformation (CoTs) that are present in the STEM reform area. Th e defi ning feature of these newly identifi ed entities is their focus on explor- ing philosophically, in deep and fundamental ways, how science is taught. Th is can lead to more substantive changes that have the potential to address the problems described in national reports around underrepresentation of women and underserved minorities, persistence rates, and success among students. Th ese communities of transformation create innovative spaces that have the potential to shift institutional and disciplinary norms. We identify how these diff er from more traditional professional development models, including campus-based professional development and disciplinary meetings. Communities of transformation address both individual faculty and broader systemic change. Much of the early work to improve STEM education has focused on altering individual faculty behavior through faculty development and dissemination of best practices. Some more recent eff orts (e.g., Association of American Universities’ STEM reform initiative) focus on changing broader systemic and institutional norms. Communities of transformation provide support for individual faculty change, but they also simultaneously work (to varying degrees) to shift departmental cultures, institutional norms, and disciplinary values. In this report, we describe work that these communities conducted to alter the conversation around teaching within disciplines, as well as evidence of broader impact achieved through service on national committees and task forces aimed at improving STEM education. Th eir unique work to address both the individual faculty and the broader system is a compelling strategy for change. We found that the strength of these eff orts lies in working from the ground up, with individual faculty buy-in, motiva- tion, and support for improving practice. Additionally, in general, institutional type, discipline, and rank/appointment status were not signifi cantly associated with the outcomes we measured, when accounting for our other engagement, design, and motivation variables. We think this points to the potential for CoTs resembling those in our study to contribute to overcoming typical barriers to reform such as reward structures, disciplinary cultures, and a lack of institutional leadership. 1 A community of practice is a group of people who share a concern or a passion for something they do and learn how to do it as they interact regularly (Allee, 2000; Lave, 1988; Wenger, 1998 and 2007). i | Communities of Transformation Benefi ts of these communities accrue to both individual faculty and to their institutions. Participants reported that the greatest benefi ts of involvement in these communities came in the form of learning and improving in their teaching, reenergizing them in their sense of satisfaction and fulfi llment in their work, and gaining credibility for their work related to STEM reform. Additionally, nearly 35% of participants indicated that engagement in these communities contributed to changes related to STEM reform in their departments, while more than one in fi ve participants indicated that some sort of institutional change had come about as a result of involvement in these communities. We also identifi ed how involvement of several individuals from a single institu- tion increased departmental and institutional benefi ts. In fact, one of the largest eff ect sizes we observed to predict departmental and institutional benefi ts came from having more peers from the same institution involved
Recommended publications
  • Political Ideas and Movements That Created the Modern World
    harri+b.cov 27/5/03 4:15 pm Page 1 UNDERSTANDINGPOLITICS Understanding RITTEN with the A2 component of the GCE WGovernment and Politics A level in mind, this book is a comprehensive introduction to the political ideas and movements that created the modern world. Underpinned by the work of major thinkers such as Hobbes, Locke, Marx, Mill, Weber and others, the first half of the book looks at core political concepts including the British and European political issues state and sovereignty, the nation, democracy, representation and legitimacy, freedom, equality and rights, obligation and citizenship. The role of ideology in modern politics and society is also discussed. The second half of the book addresses established ideologies such as Conservatism, Liberalism, Socialism, Marxism and Nationalism, before moving on to more recent movements such as Environmentalism and Ecologism, Fascism, and Feminism. The subject is covered in a clear, accessible style, including Understanding a number of student-friendly features, such as chapter summaries, key points to consider, definitions and tips for further sources of information. There is a definite need for a text of this kind. It will be invaluable for students of Government and Politics on introductory courses, whether they be A level candidates or undergraduates. political ideas KEVIN HARRISON IS A LECTURER IN POLITICS AND HISTORY AT MANCHESTER COLLEGE OF ARTS AND TECHNOLOGY. HE IS ALSO AN ASSOCIATE McNAUGHTON LECTURER IN SOCIAL SCIENCES WITH THE OPEN UNIVERSITY. HE HAS WRITTEN ARTICLES ON POLITICS AND HISTORY AND IS JOINT AUTHOR, WITH TONY BOYD, OF THE BRITISH CONSTITUTION: EVOLUTION OR REVOLUTION? and TONY BOYD WAS FORMERLY HEAD OF GENERAL STUDIES AT XAVERIAN VI FORM COLLEGE, MANCHESTER, WHERE HE TAUGHT POLITICS AND HISTORY.
    [Show full text]
  • Research of Reconstruction of Village in the Urban Fringe Based on Urbanization Quality Improving Üüa Case Study of Xi’Nan Village
    SHS Web of Conferences 6, 0200 8 (2014) DOI: 10.1051/shsconf/201460 02008 C Owned by the authors, published by EDP Sciences, 2014 Research of Reconstruction of Village in the Urban Fringe Based on Urbanization Quality Improving üüA Case Study of Xi’nan Village Zhang Junjie, Sun Yonglong, Shan Kuangjie School of Architecture and Urban Planning, Guangdong University of Technology, 510090 Guangzhou, China Abstract. In the process of urban-rural integration, it is an acute and urgent challenge for the destiny of farmers and the development of village in the urban fringe in the developed area. Based on the “urbanization quality improving” this new perspective and through the analysis of experience and practice of Village renovation of Xi’nan Village of Zengcheng county, this article summarizes the meaning of urbanization quality in developed areas and finds the villages in the urban fringe’s reconstruction strategy. The study shows that as to the distinction of the urbanization of the old and the new areas, the special feature of the re-construction of the villages on the edge of the cities, the government needs to make far-sighted lay-out design and carry out strictly with a high standard in mind. The government must set up social security system, push forward the welfare of the residents, construct a new model of urban-rural relations, attaches great importance to sustainable development, promote the quality of the villagers, maintain regional cultural characters, and form a strong management team. All in all, in the designing and building the regions, great importance must be attached to verified ways and new creative cooperative development mechanism with a powerful leadership and sustainable village construction.
    [Show full text]
  • Public Displays of Connection
    Public displays of connection J Donath and d boyd Participants in social network sites create self-descriptive profiles that include their links to other members, creating a visible network of connections — the ostensible purpose of these sites is to use this network to make friends, dates, and business connections. In this paper we explore the social implications of the public display of one’s social network. Why do people display their social connections in everyday life, and why do they do so in these networking sites? What do people learn about another’s identity through the signal of network display? How does this display facilitate connections, and how does it change the costs and benefits of making and brokering such connections compared to traditional means? The paper includes several design recommendations for future networking sites. 1. Introduction Since then, use of the Internet has greatly expanded and today ‘Orkut [1] is an on-line community that connects people it is much more likely that one’s friends and the people one through a network of trusted friends’ would like to befriend are present in cyberspace. People are accustomed to thinking of the on-line world as a social space. Today, networking sites are suddenly extremely popular. ‘Find the people you need through the people you trust’ — LinkedIn [2]. Social networks — our connections with other people — have many important functions. They are sources of emotional and ‘Access people you want to reach through people you financial support, and of information about jobs, other people, know and trust. Spoke Network helps you cultivate a and the world at large.
    [Show full text]
  • Personal Networks and Urban Poverty: Preliminary Findings
    brazilianpoliticalsciencereview ARTICLE Personal Networks and Urban Poverty: Preliminary Findings Eduardo Marques University of São Paulo (USP), Brazil Center for Metropolitan Studies / Brazilian Centre for Analysis and Planning (Cem/Cebrap), Brazil Renata Bichir, Encarnación Moya, Miranda Zoppi, Igor Pantoja and Thais Pavez Center for Metropolitan Studies / Brazilian Centre for Analysis and Planning (Cem/Cebrap), Brazil This article presents results of ongoing research into personal networks in São Paulo, exploring their relationships with poverty and urban segregation. We present the results of networks of 89 poor individuals who live in three different segregation situations in the city. The article starts by describing and analysing the main characteristics of personal networks of sociability, highlighting aspects such as their size, cohesion and diversity, among others. Further, we investigate the main determinants of these networks, especially their relationship with urban segregation, understood as separation between social groups in the city, and specific forms of sociability. Contrary to much of the literature, which takes into account only segregation of individual attributes in the urban space (race, ethnicity, socioeconomic level etc), this investigation tests the importance both of networks and of segregation in the reproduction of poverty situations. Keywords: Social networks; Urban poverty; Urban segregation; Sociability; São Paulo. Introduction ecently, a diverse set of studies have considered the importance of social networks to the Rsociability of individuals and to their access to a wide variety of tangible and intangible goods. In debates on poverty and inequality, relationship networks are frequently cited as key factors in obtaining work, in community and political organization, in religious behaviour and in sociability in general.
    [Show full text]
  • Relational Cohesion Model of Organizational Commitment
    Cornell University ILR School DigitalCommons@ILR Articles and Chapters ILR Collection 2006 Relational Cohesion Model of Organizational Commitment Jeongkoo Yoon Ewha Womans University Edward J. Lawler Cornell University, [email protected] Follow this and additional works at: https://digitalcommons.ilr.cornell.edu/articles Part of the Organizational Behavior and Theory Commons, Organization Development Commons, Social Psychology and Interaction Commons, and the Work, Economy and Organizations Commons Thank you for downloading an article from DigitalCommons@ILR. Support this valuable resource today! This Article is brought to you for free and open access by the ILR Collection at DigitalCommons@ILR. It has been accepted for inclusion in Articles and Chapters by an authorized administrator of DigitalCommons@ILR. For more information, please contact [email protected]. If you have a disability and are having trouble accessing information on this website or need materials in an alternate format, contact [email protected] for assistance. Relational Cohesion Model of Organizational Commitment Abstract [Excerpt] This chapter reviews the research program of relational cohesion theory (RCT) (Lawler & Yoon, 1993, 1996, 1998; Lawler et al., 2000; Thye et al., 2002) and uses it to develop a model of organizational commitment. Broadly, relational cohesion theory (RCT) has attempted to understand conditions and processes that promote an expressive relation in social exchange; an expressive relation is indicated by relational cohesion, that is, the degree to which exchange partners perceive their relationship as a unifying object having its own value. The research program argues that such relational cohesion is a proximal cause of various forms of behavioral commitment in a group setting, for example stay behavior, gift-giving and investment.
    [Show full text]
  • Structural Cohesion Model (White and Harary, 2001; Moody and White, 2003)
    Structural Cohesion: Visualization and Heuristics for Fast Computation Jordi Torrents Fabrizio Ferraro [email protected] [email protected] March 19, 2018 Abstract The structural cohesion model is a powerful theoretical conception of cohesion in social groups, but its diffusion in empirical literature has been hampered by operationalization and computational problems. In this paper we start from the classic definition of structural co- hesion as the minimum number of actors who need to be removed in a network in order to disconnect it, and extend it by using average node connectivity as a finer grained measure of cohesion. We present useful heuristics for computing structural cohesion that allow a speed-up of one order of magnitude over the algorithms currently available. We analyze three large collaboration networks (co-maintenance of Debian packages, co-authorship in Nuclear Theory and High-Energy Theory) and show how our approach can help researchers measure structural cohesion in relatively large networks. We also introduce a novel graph- ical representation of the structural cohesion analysis to quickly spot differences across networks. Keywords: structural cohesion, k-components, node connectivity, average connectivity, co- hesion arXiv:1503.04476v1 [cs.SI] 15 Mar 2015 We, the authors, are in-debted to Aric Hagberg and Dan Schult, developers of the NetworkX python library, for their help in the implementation of the heuristics presented in this paper. We would also like to thank Matteo Prato, Marco Tortoriello, Marco Tonellato, Kaisa Snell- man, Francois Collet and Dan McFarland for their comments on early versions of this paper. We gratefully acknowledge funding from the European Research Council under the European Union’s Seventh Framework Programme - ERC-2010-StG 263604 - SRITECH 1 Group cohesion is a central concept that has a long and illustrious history in sociology and organization theory, although its precise characterization has remained elusive.
    [Show full text]
  • Social Networks and Marketing
    Social networks and marketing Carolin Kaiser Copyright GfK Verein Copying, reproduction, etc. – including of extracts – permissible only with the prior written con- sent of the GfK Verein. Responsible: Prof. Dr. Raimund Wildner Author: Carolin Kaiser GfK Verein Nordwestring 101, 90419 Nuremberg, Germany Tel.: +49 (0)911 395-2231 and 2368 – Fax: +49 (0)911 395-2715 Email: [email protected] Website: http://www.gfk-verein.org Abstract Internet users are spending increasing amounts of time on social networking sites, cultivat- ing and expanding their online relationships. They are creating profiles, communicating and interacting with other network members. The information and opinion exchanges on social networking sites influence consumer decisions, making social networks an interesting plat- form for companies. By monitoring social networks, companies are able to gain knowledge about network members which is relevant for marketing purposes, so that by introducing the appropriate marketing measures, they can influence the market environment. The multiplici- ty and versatility of the information in tandem with the complexity of human behavior exhib- ited on social networks is posing new challenges for marketing. The present contribution illustrates how market research can assist marketing on social networks. In the first instance, it describes the potential benefits inherent in analyzing the information obtained from social networks, such as profiles, friendships and networking, for identifying and forecasting prod- uct preferences, advertising effectiveness, purchasing behavior and opinion dissemination. In the second instance, it discusses the opportunities and risks of marketing measures such as advertising, word-of-mouth marketing and direct marketing, on social networks. In each part, insights obtained from literature are summarized and research questions of relevance to consumer research are derived.
    [Show full text]
  • Fringe Season 1 Transcripts
    PROLOGUE Flight 627 - A Contagious Event (Glatterflug Airlines Flight 627 is enroute from Hamburg, Germany to Boston, Massachusetts) ANNOUNCEMENT: ... ist eingeschaltet. Befestigen sie bitte ihre Sicherheitsgürtel. ANNOUNCEMENT: The Captain has turned on the fasten seat-belts sign. Please make sure your seatbelts are securely fastened. GERMAN WOMAN: Ich möchte sehen wie der Film weitergeht. (I would like to see the film continue) MAN FROM DENVER: I don't speak German. I'm from Denver. GERMAN WOMAN: Dies ist mein erster Flug. (this is my first flight) MAN FROM DENVER: I'm from Denver. ANNOUNCEMENT: Wir durchfliegen jetzt starke Turbulenzen. Nehmen sie bitte ihre Plätze ein. (we are flying through strong turbulence. please return to your seats) INDIAN MAN: Hey, friend. It's just an electrical storm. MORGAN STEIG: I understand. INDIAN MAN: Here. Gum? MORGAN STEIG: No, thank you. FLIGHT ATTENDANT: Mein Herr, sie müssen sich hinsetzen! (sir, you must sit down) Beruhigen sie sich! (calm down!) Beruhigen sie sich! (calm down!) Entschuldigen sie bitte! Gehen sie zu ihrem Sitz zurück! [please, go back to your seat!] FLIGHT ATTENDANT: (on phone) Kapitän! Wir haben eine Notsituation! (Captain, we have a difficult situation!) PILOT: ... gibt eine Not-... (... if necessary...) Sprechen sie mit mir! (talk to me) Was zum Teufel passiert! (what the hell is going on?) Beruhigen ... (...calm down...) Warum antworten sie mir nicht! (why don't you answer me?) Reden sie mit mir! (talk to me) ACT I Turnpike Motel - A Romantic Interlude OLIVIA: Oh my god! JOHN: What? OLIVIA: This bed is loud. JOHN: You think? OLIVIA: We can't keep doing this.
    [Show full text]
  • Delay of Social Search on Small-World Graphs ⋆
    ⋆ Delay of Social Search on Small-world Graphs Hazer Inaltekin a,∗ Mung Chiang b H. Vincent Poor b aThe University of Melbourne, Melbourne, VIC 3010, Australia bPrinceton University, Princeton, NJ 08544, United States Abstract This paper introduces an analytical framework for two small-world network models, and studies the delay of targeted social search by considering messages traveling between source and tar- get individuals in these networks. In particular, by considering graphs constructed on different network domains, such as rectangular, circular and spherical network domains, analytical solu- tions for the average social search delay and the delay distribution are obtained as a function of source-target separation, distribution of the number of long-range connections and geometri- cal properties of network domains. Derived analytical formulas are first verified by agent-based simulations, and then compared with empirical observations in small-world experiments. Our formulas indicate that individuals tend to communicate with one another only through their short-range contacts, and the average social search delay rises linearly, when the separation between the source and target is small. As this separation increases, long-range connections are more commonly used, and the average social search delay rapidly saturates to a constant value and stays almost the same for all large values of the separation. These results are qual- itatively consistent with experimental observations made by Travers and Milgram in 1969 as well as by others. Moreover, analytical distributions predicted by our models for the delay of social search are also compared with corresponding empirical distributions, and good statistical matches between them are observed.
    [Show full text]
  • Understanding the Diversity of Urban–Rural Fringe Development in a Fast Urbanizing Region of China
    remote sensing Article Understanding the Diversity of Urban–Rural Fringe Development in a Fast Urbanizing Region of China Guoyu Li 1, Yu CAO 1,2,* , Zhichao He 3 , Ju He 1, Yu Cao 1, Jiayi Wang 1 and Xiaoqian Fang 1 1 Department of Land Management, School of Public Affairs, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China; [email protected] (G.L.); [email protected] (J.H.); [email protected] (Y.C.); [email protected] (J.W.); [email protected] (X.F.) 2 Land Academy for National Development, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China 3 Land Change Science Research Unit, Swiss Federal Research Institute WSL, 8903 Birmensdorf, Switzerland; [email protected] * Correspondence: [email protected] Abstract: The territories between urban and rural areas, also called urban–rural fringe, commonly present inherent instability and notable heterogeneity. However, investigating the multifaceted urban– rural fringe phenomenon based on large-scale identification has yet to be undertaken. In this study, we adopted a handy clustering-based method by incorporating multidimensional urbanization indicators to understand how the urban–rural fringe development vary across space and shift over time in the Yangtze River Delta Urban Agglomeration, China. The results show that (1) the growth magnitude of urban–rural fringe areas was greater than urban areas, whereas their growth rate was remarkably lower. (2) The landscape dynamics of urban–rural fringe varied markedly between fast-developing and slow-developing cities. Peripheral sprawl, inter-urban bridge, and isolated growth were the representative development patterns of urban–rural fringe in this case. (3) Urban–rural fringe development has predominantly occurred where cultivated land is available, Citation: Li, G.; CAO, Y.; He, Z.; He, J.; Cao, Y.; Wang, J.; Fang, X.
    [Show full text]
  • Beyond Nadel's Paradox. a Computational Approach to Structural and Cultural Dimensions of Social Cohesion
    Beyond Nadel’s Paradox. A computational approach to structural and cultural dimensions of social cohesion S. Lozano ETH Zurich, Swiss Federal Institute of Technology, Zurich, Switzerland. J. Borge Department of Psychology, Universitat Rovira i Virgili, Tarragona, Spain A. Arenas Department of Computer Sciences and Math, Universitat Rovira i Virgili, Tarragona, Spain and J.L. Molina Department of Social and Cultural Anthropology, Universitat Autonoma de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain. Received ; accepted arXiv:0807.2880v1 [physics.soc-ph] 17 Jul 2008 –2– ABSTRACT Nadel’s Paradox states that it is not possible to take into account simulta- neously cultural and relational dimensions of social structure. By means of a simple computational model, the authors explore a dynamic perspective of the concept of social cohesion that enables the integration of both structural and cultural dimensions in the same analysis. The design of the model reproduces a causal path from the level of conflict suffered by a population to variations on its social cohesiveness, observed both from a structural and cognitive viewpoint. Submitted to sudden variations on its environmental conflict level, the model is able to reproduce certain characteristics previously observed in real populations under situations of emergency or crisis. Subject headings: social cohesion, dynamic analysis, social structure, conflict, social networks –3– 1. Introduction Paul Dimaggio (Dimaggio 1992) remembers us the Nadel’s Paradox, who followed the distinction done for Radcliffe-Brown (Radcliffe-Brown 1940) and the British structural- functionalist school between culture and structure: This is Nadel’s Paradox: A satisfactory approach to social structure requires simultaneous attention to both cultural and relational aspects of role-related behavior.
    [Show full text]
  • The European Transformation of Modern Turkey
    THE EUROPEAN TRANSFORMATION OF MODERN TURKEY THE EUROPEAN TRANSFORMATION OF MODERN TURKEY BY KEMAL DERVIŞ MICHAEL EMERSON DANIEL GROS SINAN ÜLGEN CENTRE FOR EUROPEAN POLICY STUDIES BRUSSELS ECONOMICS AND FOREIGN POLICY FORUM ISTANBUL This report presents the findings and recommendations of a joint project of the Centre for European Policy Studies (CEPS) and the Economics and Foreign Policy Forum (EFPF) of Istanbul, which aims to devise a strategy for the EU and Turkey in the pre-accession period. CEPS and EFPF gratefully acknowledge financial support for this project from the Open Society Institute of Istanbul, Akbank, Coca Cola, Dogus Holding, Finansbank and Libera Università Internazionale degli Studi Sociali (LUISS). The views expressed in this report are those of the authors writing in a personal capacity and do not necessarily reflect those of CEPS, EFPF or any other institution with which the contributors are associated. ISBN 92-9079-521-0 © Copyright 2004, Centre for European Policy Studies. All rights reserved. No part of this publication may be reproduced, stored in a retrieval system or transmitted in any form or by any means – electronic, mechanical, photocopying, recording or otherwise – without the prior permission of the Centre for European Policy Studies. Centre for European Policy Studies Place du Congrès 1, B-1000 Brussels Tel: 32 (0) 2 229.39.11 Fax: 32 (0) 2 219.41.51 e-mail: [email protected] internet: http://www.ceps.be Contents Preface .................................................................................................................. i Introduction ........................................................................................................ 1 1. The Evolving Nature of the EU and Turkey.......................................... 3 1.1 What Union would Turkey enter?.............................................................. 3 1.2 What Turkey would enter the Union?.......................................................
    [Show full text]