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JGB TESIS.Pdf Universitat de Barcelona Facultat de Formació del Professorat Institut Nacional de Educació Física de Catalunya (Centro de Barcelona) Programa de Doctorado EEES “Actividad Física, Educación Física y Deporte” Análisis de los métodos más frecuentes de obtención de la victoria en las Artes Marciales Mixtas. Tesis Doctoral presentada por: D. Jorge García Bastida Dirigida por: Dr. Josep Maria Padullés i Riu. Para optar al título de Doctor por la Universitat de Barcelona. aÉ àx xáàtuÄxévtá xÇ âÇt yÉÜÅt? twöÑàtÄt ç vÉÇáàÜâçx Ät àâçt ÑÜÉÑ|t? ç w°}tÄt vÜxvxÜA UÜâvx _xx ;EJ aÉä|xÅuÜxDLGC@ FC ]âÄ|ÉDLJF<A Índice Jorge García Bastida Índice de contenidos Índice de contenidos. I Índice de tablas ............................................................................................. VIII II Índice de figuras ............................................................................................ XII III Glosario de abreviaturas ............................................................................. XIX IV Agradecimientos ........................................................................................ XXII V Resumen ................................................................................................... XXIV 1.Introducción .................................................................................................. 3 1.1. Orígenes de los deportes de combate ....................................................... 5 1.1.1. La lucha ...................................................................................... 5 1.1.1.1. Como obtener la victoria................................................... 7 1.1.2. El Boxeo .................................................................................... 7 1.1.2.1. Como obtener la victoria................................................... 9 1.2. Deportes de combate en la actualidad ..................................................... 10 1.2.1 Deportes de combate Olímpicos .................................................. 10 1.3. Artes Marciales ......................................................................................... 13 1.3.1. Artes Marciales Olímpicas ........................................................... 14 1.4. Artes Marciales Mixtas .............................................................................. 16 1.4.1. Vale Tudo .......................................................................... 16 1.4.2. Ultimate Fighting Championship ........................................ 18 1.4.2.1. Inicio .................................................................... 18 1.4.2.2. Popularidad en el Mundo ..................................... 18 1.4.2.2.1. Videojuegos............................................ 19 1.4.2.2.2. A nivel económico .................................. 20 1.4.2.3. ¿Qué son las MMA? ........................................... 22 1.4.2.3.1. Categorías de peso en el UFC .............. 23 1.4.2.3.1.1. Pérdida rápida de peso ............. 25 1.4.2.3.2. Faltas ..................................................... 26 1.4.2.3.3. Área de combate, “El Octágono” ............ 28 Métodos más frecuentes de obtención de victoria en las Artes Marciales Mixtas. III Jorge García Bastida Índice de contenidos 1.4.2.3.4. Equipamiento y vestimenta de los peleadores ............................................................. 31 1.4.2.3.5. Duración de los combates ...................... 34 1.4.2.3.6. Tipo de resultados de la competición ..... 35 1.4.2.3.6.1. Evaluación de los combates por parte de los jueces ....................................... 36 1.4.2.3.7. Bonos económicos ................................. 39 1.4.3. Beneficios y perjuicios en la práctica de las Artes Marciales Mixtas .......................................................................................... 40 1.4.3.1. Beneficios de las Artes Marciales ........................ 40 1.4.3.2. Problemas relacionados con la práctica de Artes Marciales .......................................................................... 43 1.4.3.2.1. Lesiones ................................................. 43 1.4.3.2.2. Agresividad y Artes Marciales ................ 44 1.4.3.2.2.1. ¿Y en MMA? ............................ 45 1.4.3.2.3. ¿Son más peligrosas las MMA que el Boxeo? ................................................................... 46 1.4.3.2.3.1. ¿Cuál es el mecanismo de producción de un K.O? ................................ 46 1.4.3.2.3.2. MMA Vs. Boxeo ........................ 47 1.4.4 Entrenamiento de los luchadores de MMA ......................... 48 1.4.4.1 Jiu Jitsu Brasileño ................................................. 48 1.4.4.1.1 Aportaciones del Jiu Jitsu Brasileño ........ 48 1.4.4.2. Lucha libre y grecorromana ................................. 49 1.4.4.2.1 Aportaciones de lucha libre y grecorromana ......................................................... 49 1.4.4.3. Boxeo, Kick Boxing y el Muai Thai ....................... 50 1.4.4.3.1. Aportaciones del Kick Boxing y el Muai Thai ........................................................................ 50 1.4.4.4. En la actualidad ................................................... 51 1.4.5. Técnicas aplicadas durante los combates ......................... 52 1.4.5.1. Técnicas de finalización de los combates ............ 52 1.4.5.1.1. Técnicas de sumisión (submission) ........ 52 Métodos más frecuentes de obtención de victoria en las Artes Marciales Mixtas. IV Jorge García Bastida Índice de contenidos 1.4.5.1.1.1. Técnicas de luxación ............... 53 1.4.5.1.1.2. Técnicas de estrangulación ...... 58 1.4.5.1.2. Técnicas de golpeo ................................ 63 2. Objetivos ..................................................................................................... 71 2.1. Objetivo general ........................................................................................ 71 2.2. Objetivos secundarios ..................................................................... 71 3. Material y métodos ..................................................................................... 75 3.1. Diseño ....................................................................................................... 75 3.2. Material ...................................................................................................... 75 3.3. Obtención de datos ................................................................................... 75 3.3.1. Organización de datos ................................................................. 76 3.3.1.1. Tabla de observación ..................................................... 76 3.4. Sujetos o muestra ..................................................................................... 80 3.4.1. Grupo 1 ........................................................................................ 80 3.4.2. Grupo 2 ........................................................................................ 83 3.4.3. Variables ...................................................................................... 86 3.4.3.1. Variables cualitativas ...................................................... 86 3.4.3.1.1. Método de obtención de la victoria (método) .... 86 3.4.3.1.2. Técnica o tipo de obtención de la victoria (técnica) ............................................................................ 88 3.4.3.1.3. División (categoría de peso) ............................. 92 3.4.3.2. Variables cuantitativas ................................................... 92 3.5. Análisis estadístico .................................................................................... 93 3.5.1. Estadística descriptiva ................................................................. 93 3.5.2. Estadística inferencial .................................................................. 93 4. Resultados .................................................................................................. 99 4.1. Diferencias entre los grupos 1 y 2 ........................................................... 100 4.1.1. Time, Decision, TKO&KO y Submission .................................... 106 4.1.2. Combates acabados antes y después del límite ........................ 109 4.2. ¿Tiene influencia el IMC (BMI) o la altura en la obtención de las victorias? .............................................................................................. 109 Métodos más frecuentes de obtención de victoria en las Artes Marciales Mixtas. V Jorge García Bastida Índice de contenidos 4.2.1. Índice de masa corporal (IMC) ................................................... 113 4.2.2. Altura ......................................................................................... 117 4.3. Relación entre los métodos de victoria, el tiempo y el orden cronológico de los eventos ..................................................................................................... 117 4.4. Diferencias entre las diversas categorías de peso (Division) en el grupo 1 .................................................................................................. 131 4.4.1. Method-Division ............................................................... 131 4.4.2. TKO&KO ......................................................................... 135 4.4.3. Decision .......................................................................... 136 4.4.4. Submission ...................................................................... 137 4.4.5. Technic-Division .............................................................
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