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Using Polymer Modified Asphalt Emulsions in Surface Treatments

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Using Polymer Modified Asphalt Emulsions in Surface Treatments Using Polymer Modified Asphalt Emulsions in Surface Treatments A Federal Lands Highway Interim Report John B. Johnston Gayle King August 2008 TABLE OF CONTENTS TABLE OF CONTENTS ............................................................................................................................... II EXECUTIVE SUMMARY .............................................................................................................................. V ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS ............................................................................................................................ VI DISCLAIMER .............................................................................................................................................. VII 1.0 INTRODUCTION .............................................................................................................................. 1 1.1 BACKGROUND ................................................................................................................................ 1 1.2 STUDY OBJECTIVES ....................................................................................................................... 1 1.3 SCOPE .......................................................................................................................................... 2 1.4 REPORT ORGANIZATION ................................................................................................................. 3 2.0 LITERATURE REVIEW OF POLYMER MODIFIED ASPHALT EMULSIONS ............................... 4 2.1 BASICS OF POLYMERS AND ASPHALT EMULSIONS ............................................................................ 4 2.1.1 Polymer Terminology and Chemistry ...................................................................................... 4 2.1.2 Asphalt Emulsions ................................................................................................................... 5 2.1.3 Asphalt Composition ............................................................................................................... 7 2.1.4 Polymer Modified Asphalt (PMA) ............................................................................................ 8 2.2 TYPES OF POLYMER MODIFIERS ..................................................................................................... 9 2.2.1 Overview and Classification .................................................................................................... 9 2.2.2 Natural Rubber and Latex ..................................................................................................... 11 2.2.3 Synthetic Rubber and Latex .................................................................................................. 14 2.2.4 Block Copolymers ................................................................................................................. 16 2.2.5 Reclaimed Rubber ................................................................................................................. 19 2.2.6 Plastics .................................................................................................................................. 22 2.2.7 Polymer Blends ..................................................................................................................... 26 2.3 POLYMER MODIFICATION METHODS AND DOSAGE RATES .............................................................. 27 2.3.1 Polymer Modification Methodology ....................................................................................... 27 2.3.2 POLYMER DOSING ........................................................................................................................ 36 2.3.3 STORAGE AND HANDLING CONSIDERATIONS .................................................................................. 39 2.4 PERFORMANCE ............................................................................................................................ 41 2.4.1 PERFORMANCE CRITERIA ............................................................................................................. 41 2.4.2 TESTING PROTOCOLS AND CONSIDERATIONS ................................................................................ 45 2.4.3 EVALUATION OF EXISTING FEDERAL LANDS STANDARDS ................................................................ 51 2.4.4 MODIFIED VERSUS UNMODIFIED ASPHALTS ................................................................................... 53 2.4.5 MODIFIED EMULSION VERSUS MODIFIED HOT MIX BINDERS ........................................................... 55 2.5 SURFACE APPLICATION TYPES...................................................................................................... 56 2.5.1 General .................................................................................................................................. 56 2.5.2 Chip Seals ............................................................................................................................. 57 2.5.3 Slurry Seals and Microsurfacing ............................................................................................ 60 2.5.4 Cape Seals ............................................................................................................................ 65 2.6 POLYMERS AND TRAFFIC VOLUMES ............................................................................................... 66 2.7 NON-ROADWAY APPLICATIONS ..................................................................................................... 68 2.8 CLIMATE, ENVIRONMENTAL AND TIMING CONSIDERATIONS ............................................................. 69 2.9 IMPACT OF MATERIALS SELECTION................................................................................................ 73 2.9.1 Polymer Type ........................................................................................................................ 73 2.9.2 Surfactants & Emulsion Type ................................................................................................ 73 2.9.3 Aggregates ............................................................................................................................ 74 2.9.4 Fillers ..................................................................................................................................... 75 ii 2.10 SURFACE TREATMENTS, DISTRESS, AND COST-EFFECTIVENESS .................................................... 75 3.0 LABORATORY TESTING AND SPECIFICATION RECOMMENDATIONS ................................ 78 3.1 INDUSTRY OUTREACH INITIATIVES ................................................................................................. 78 3.1.1. Initial Discussions with Industry Representatives ................................................................. 78 3.1.2 Findings from the Survey and Follow-up Communication .................................................... 79 PME Emulsion Test Methods and Specifications ........................................................................................... 80 Residue Recovery ......................................................................................................................................... 81 Residue Testing Using Superpave Binder Technology .................................................................................. 82 Aggregate Specifications ............................................................................................................................... 89 Emulsion/Aggregate Performance Tests ....................................................................................................... 98 Manufacturing and Construction .................................................................................................................. 100 3.1.3. Follow-up Discussions with Larger Industry Audience ........................................................ 102 3.2 SPECIFIC RECOMMENDATIONS .................................................................................................... 105 3.2.1 Task 2A. Use of Modified vs. Unmodified Asphalt Emulsions ........................................... 105 3.2.2 Task 2B. Identifying and Specifying Polymer Percentages ............................................... 107 3.2.3 Task 2C. Projected Performance and Cost ........................................................................ 108 3.2.4 Task 2D. Further Investigation ........................................................................................... 108 Delayed Acceptance - Approved Supplier Certification................................................................................ 109 Strawman “Report Only” Draft Specification ................................................................................................ 109 Design and Performance Testing ................................................................................................................ 111 Leveraging Resources and Information Sharing .......................................................................................... 112 Other Data Gaps and Future Work .............................................................................................................. 113 4.0 PME TESTING PLAN AND STRAWMAN SPECIFICATION ...................................................... 115 4.1 STRAWMAN SPECIFICATION FOR EMULSION RESIDUES ................................................................
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