Colorado: Chasing Chickens from Prairie to Mountaintop April 2014 Tropical Birding Trip Report

Total Page:16

File Type:pdf, Size:1020Kb

Colorado: Chasing Chickens from Prairie to Mountaintop April 2014 Tropical Birding Trip Report Colorado: Chasing Chickens from Prairie to Mountaintop April 2014 Tropical Birding Trip Report Colorado: Chasing Chickens from Prairie to Mountaintop 20-26 April 2014 Guided by Jacob C. Cooper All photos were taken by Jacob Cooper during the tour. 1 Tropical Birding Trip Report Colorado: Chasing Chickens from Prairie to Mountaintop April 2014 Colorado offers birding experiences that can seldom be found anywhere in the world. Its unique topography and geographic location lead to eastern, western, southern and northern birds being found in relatively close proximity. During this tour, we “threaded the needle” between storms, encountering surprisingly good weather conditions while simultaneously discovering many birds we were not expecting. Our small band of three obtained diagnostic views of every grouse save Dusky, and were able to watch the males’ obscene and fascinating displays as they wooed nearby females. These incredible birds were worth the trip alone, but when combined with the unbeatable scenery, they made for an unbelievable journey. From being feet away from a vagrant Yellow-throated Warbler to enjoying the rambunctious antics of the Sharp-tailed Grouse, the mix of birds and experiences was enthralling. Note: The following abbreviations are widely used in this report; National Park (NP), National Monument (NM), National Historic Site (NHS), State Wildlife Area (SWA), State Park (SP), National Wildlife refuge (NWR) and National Forest (NF). 20 April 2014 – Genessee Mountain, Loveland Pass, and Silverthorne to Wray We started our morning at the Genessee Mountain Park west of Denver, just as the sun was rising above Denver and the plains. Immediately after exiting our vehicle, singing and calling Cassin’s Finches Haemorhous cassinii caught our attention and inquisitive Western Bluebirds Sialia mexicana flew in to see what we were doing. As the day brightened, boisterous Pygmy Nuthatches Sitta pygmaea flew in to harass us for trespassing in their mountain realm, and a pair of Williamson’s Sapsuckers Sphyrapicus thyroideus called and displayed to each other as the morning sun climbed in the sky behind them. After enjoying the beautiful morning and grabbing some snacks at the base of the hill, we headed up to the summit of Loveland Pass. Loveland, having been freshly covered with powder, was a mecca for snowboarders from the dusty plains. Luckily, we not only managed to secure a good parking spot, but witness one of the sportsmen flush a White-tailed Ptarmigan Lagopus leucurus from the slope in front of us. Maneuvering along the immaculate slopes, we were able to obtain stunning views of the bird as it foraged in some nearby willows. While we watched in awe, flocks of Red Crossbills Loxia curvirostra and Pine Siskins Spinus pinus flew up to feed on the few areas laid bare by the previous night’s winds. We then descended down into the town of Silverthorne. Famous for its high-elevation bird feeders, the town did not disappoint. Our stake-out spot sported a large flock of Evening Grosbeaks Coccothraustes vespertinus, and we were able to tease out a lone Black Rosy-Finch Leucosticte atrata from the large group of Brown-capped Rosy-Finches L. australis flooding the feeders. Watching the surrounding trees, we were also afforded views of our only Band-tailed Pigeons Patagioenas fasciata of the entire trip, and sorted through the different subspecies of Dark-eyed Junco Junco hyemalis feeding under the pines, finding individuals from the Oregon oreganus, Pink- sided mearnsi, and Gray-headed caniceps populations. 2 Colorado: Chasing Chickens from Prairie to Mountaintop April 2014 Tropical Birding Trip Report A lone White-tailed Ptarmigan hides in the wind-swept willows of Loveland Pass. This bird is actually in the cover photo as well! From here, we heeded the call of the flatlands and proceeded to drive eastward. Pressing through our only snowstorm of the trip, we eventually broke onto the windy plains, where Swainson’s Hawks Buteo swainsoni battled the winds and the ubiquitous Western Meadowlark Sturnella neglecta graced us with its beautiful song. We arrived in Wray and met the rancher who showed us where the lek we would visit the next morning was located, and heard one of our only Blue Jays Cyanocitta cristata of the trip in the nearby City Park. 21 April 2014 – Wray to Lamar via Sand Creek Massacre NHS The next morning, we woke very early and parked where we had been instructed by the rancher the evening before, and waited for the sun to rise. The dawn darkness was haunted by the hooting of the Greater Prairie-Chickens Tympanuchus cupido, and as the sun rose, their fascinating display was fully realized. Leaning forward and inflating their air sacs, the birds whooped and hollered as they stomped out their own little display patches. Needless to say, seeing so many prairie-chickens at once was a breathtaking experience! We sat spellbound as the birds bickered and lunged at each other, and were only chased away when a herd of cows decided to come see what was so interesting in our particular part of the prairie. Driving out awarded us with our first Great-tailed Grackles Quiscalus mexicanus of the trip, and allowed us to return in time for a delicious breakfast in Wray. 3 Tropical Birding Trip Report Colorado: Chasing Chickens from Prairie to Mountaintop April 2014 A male Greater Prairie-Chicken struts his stuff north of Wray, Colorado. Heading southward, we decided to check out a few ponds and historic localities along the way. A lake near Wray hosted a few migrant waterfowl, including some Northern Pintail Anas acuta and the neatly patterned Ring-necked Duck Aythya collaris. Continuing south, we located numerous Burrowing Owls Athene cunicularia along the roads, and obtained excellent views of one of Colorado’s most common birds: the Horned Lark Eremophila alpestris. Eventually, we arrived at Sand Creek Massacre NHS and decided to learn about some of the history in the area. Immediately after arriving, a lone Yellow-throated Warbler Setophaga dominica flew in, and awarded us with amazing views. Driving around the park also gave us good looks at Lark Sparrows Chondestes grammicus and migrating flocks of Vesper Sparrows Pooectes grammineus. Continuing southward, our spirits stayed high as we weaved through the grasslands and located migrating Long-billed Curlews Numenius americanus and enjoyed our first Wild Turkey Meleagris gallopavo. Arriving in Lamar, we took a quick stop by the city park, and found a Townsend’s Solitaire Myadestes townsendi that had yet to return to its summer home from its winter wanderings on the plains. 4 Colorado: Chasing Chickens from Prairie to Mountaintop April 2014 Tropical Birding Trip Report 22 April 2014 – Lamar to Prowers County, Two Buttes Reservoir, Cañon City and Gunnison An early morning and night drive led us to the short-grass plains of Prowers County. We explored the nearby rangeland and, most of all, enjoyed distant (but clear) views of four displaying Lesser Prairie-Chickens Tympanuchus pallidicinctus. These birds, now listed as Threatened, are decreasing throughout their range, and fewer than 60 birds are thought to remain in the entire state. Also present in the small patch of grassland was a lone Long-billed Curlew and several Grasshopper Sparrows Ammodramus savannarum. Considering ourselves lucky to obtain such great views of the prairie-chickens, we decided to begin the long drive westwards. Many grassland specialists, such as this Grasshopper Sparrow, are found during the tour. This particular Grasshopper Sparrow was unique in that it was found in Craig, Colorado, and represents one of the few records of the species from the western half of the state! Arriving at Two Buttes SWA, we were able to hike down into the trees away from the wind. Our efforts were well rewarded; a singing male Northern Parula Setophaga americana was associated with several Yellow-rumped Warblers Setophaga coronata of both the nominate Myrtle and western Audubon’s auduboni populations. Exploring the wash further, we obtained excellent views of a perched Great Horned Owl Bubo virginianus and got our fill of flycatchers with Eastern 5 Tropical Birding Trip Report Colorado: Chasing Chickens from Prairie to Mountaintop April 2014 Phoebe Sayornis phoebe, Ash-throated Flycatcher Myiarchus cinerascens, and Western Kingbird Tyrannus verticalis. As we were leaving, a Chihuahuan Raven Corvus cryptoleucos flew by us, and a hybrid Northern Flicker Colaptes auratus offered a nice comparison with its mate, an apparent Yellow-shafted individual. Checking the lake, we had our first Lesser Scaup Aythya affinis of the trip, and enjoyed our views of the Two Buttes for which the area is named. Realizing this would be one of our longest days, we pushed westward to try to get out of the storms. Brief stops added Virginia Rail Rallus limicola and Sora Porzana carolina to our trip list, and the mountains rising ever higher ahead of us, motivated us to continue. We drove through the outskirts of Pueblo, where Scaled Quail Callipepla squamata frolicked in people’s yards, and a lone Prairie Falcon Falco mexicanus flew across the highway in front of us. Stopping at Cañon City’s tunnel drive gave us brief views of Rufous-crowned Sparrow Aimophila ruficeps, and excellent views of Rock Wrens Salpinctes obsoletus as they crawled around the boulders. A migrant Broad- tailed Hummingbird Selasphorus platycercus was kind enough to perch and let us watch it, and a lone Peregrine Falcon Falco peregrinus circled over the canyon’s entrance. The rest of our day was spent driving through the winding Arkansas River Canyon, and crossing over into Western Colorado. Beating the snow across the mountains, we settled into Gunnison and prepared for another great day of birding. 23 April 2014 – Gunnison to Black Canyon NP, Grand Mesa NF, and Grand Junction At dawn, we found ourselves parked at another lek; waiting.
Recommended publications
  • Sand Creek Massacre National Historic Site Foundation Document
    NATIONAL PARK SERVICE • U.S. DEPARTMENT OF THE INTERIOR Foundation Document Overview Sand Creek Massacre National Historic Site Colorado Contact Information For more information about the Sand Creek Massacre National Historic Site Foundation Document, contact: [email protected] or (719) 438-5916 or write to: Superintendent, Sand Creek Massacre National Historic Site, 910 Wansted, POB 249, Eads, CO 81036-0249 Purpose Significance Significance statements express why Sand Creek Massacre National Historic Site resources and values are important enough to merit national park unit designation. Statements of significance describe why an area is important within a global, national, regional, and systemwide context. These statements are linked to the purpose of the park unit, and are supported by data, research, and consensus. Significance statements describe the distinctive nature of the park and inform management decisions, focusing efforts on preserving and protecting the most important resources and values of the park unit. • The site of the Sand Creek Massacre has sacred significance © Dan Esarey to the Cheyenne and Arapaho Tribes, particularly those tribal members who are descended from victims and survivors of the massacre. The purpose of SAND CREEK MAssACRE • The site is a reminder of the tragic extremes of the 500 years of conflict between American Indians and European NATIONAL HISTORIC SITE is to protect and Americans over land that now comprises the United States. preserve the landscape of the massacre site and interpret the associated • The intense distrust resulting from the Sand Creek cultural values to enhance public Massacre influenced virtually all subsequent conflicts understanding of the massacre and between American Indians and the U.S.
    [Show full text]
  • Sand Creek Massacre NHS L
    Park News National Park Service U.S. Department of the Interior Sand Creek Massacre NHS Summel r, 2004 Site Update and Historical Background Welcome to the second Sand Creek Massacre NHS newsletter. In this issue, Park Ranger Craig Moore continues the historical and biographical sketches of some of the many people who have been in one way or another associated with the Sand Creek Massacre and who connect its legacy to the present day. The Sand Creek staff continues to give many public programs to schools, historical societies, civic organizations, and other grourps. Staff is also researching archives and photo collections, and most importantly, visiting with descendents of those who were there on the Big Sandy Creek on November 29, 1864, recording genealogical information and collecting family photos. One article summarizes the Cheyenne and Arapaho oral history projects that were major components of the Sand Creek Massacre Site Location Study in 1999 and that continue as ongoing efforts among the tribes today. The historical memory passed from one generation to the next provides a deep pool of knowledge that will help guide the National Historic Site’s planning and management efforts as the site becomes established. Currently, together with the Cheyenne and Arapaho Tribes, other federal, state, and local agencies, and local landowners, the NPS is working with various researchers to understand what the site area looked like in 1864 and how has it changed since then; how to prevent fire and manage it should it occur; how to manage the short grass prairie without cattle for the first time in more than a century; how to make the site accessible to the public after the formal establishment occurs, and many other issues.
    [Show full text]
  • SYMBOLS a B C ©Lonely Planet Publications Pty
    ©Lonely Planet Publications Pty Ltd entertainment 206-7 travel within 128-9 384 festivals & events 200-1 walking tours 112 food 203-5 Boulder Creek Festival 25, 114 internet access 207 Breckenridge 34, 169-79, 170 medical services 207 accommodations 175-6 shopping 207 activities 172-4 sights 194-5 courses 174-5 tourist information 208 drinking 177-8 travel to/from 208 entertainment 178-9 travel within 208 festivals & events 175 Aspen Music Festival 25, 201 food 176-7 ATMs 373 history 169, 178 shopping 179 SYMBOLS sights 169-72 ‘14ers’ 12, 31, see also mountains B tourist information 179 & peaks Bachelor Loop 285 tours 174-5 internet resources 19 backpacking, see hiking Bailey 220-1 travel to/from 179 Basalt 209-10 travel within 179 A bears 363 Breckenridge Spring Massive 24 accommodations 368-70 Beaver Creek 191-4 brewpubs, see microbreweries activities 31-8, see also individual Buck, Ken 347 activities beer 6, 22, see also microbreweries budget 18 air travel Coors Brewery 96 Buena Vista 217-20 to/from Colorado 375-6 festivals 25-6, 67, 266, 278 Buffalo Bill 96 within Colorado 376 Bennett, Michael 347 bus travel Alamosa 311-13 Bent, Charles 341, 353 to/from Colorado 376 amusement parks Bent, William 341, 353 within Colorado 377 Elitch Gardens 63 Bent’s Old Fort National Historic Site 341 business hours 370 Glenwood Caverns Adventure Park 238 Biber, Stanley 340 Peak 8 Fun Park 173-4 bicycle travel, see cycling & C mountain biking Royal Gorge Bridge & Amusement Cache la Poudre River 151 Big Sweep 61 Park 334 camping 368-9 bighorn sheep
    [Show full text]
  • The Environmental History of Sand Creek Massacre National Historic Site
    CENTER FOR PUBLIC HISTORY AND ARCHAEOLOGY COLORADO STATE UNIVERSITY The Environmental History of Sand Creek Massacre National Historic Site Final Draft Elizabeth Michell July 31 2009 An abbreviated version intended as guide for visitors OYL/iJ INTRODUCTION On late spring day visitor stands on slight rise on the banks of Big Sandy Creek from where across Cheyenne chief Black Kettles village once stood whole lot of he nothing comments laconically It is quiet place its peacefulness giving it timeless But quality the visitor is wrong and the timelessness is deceptive You can never visit the past again The Sand Creek Massacre National Historic Site is in southeastern fifteen Colorado about miles northeast of the small town of Eads This is high plains country dusty and flat the drab greens of grass and scrub melding into the relentless browns of desiccated vegetation sand and soil The surrounding landscape is crisscrossed dirt by trails and fence lines dotted with windmills outbuildings and stock watering tanks At the site groves of cottonwoods tower along the gently sloping banks of Big Sandy Creek in fact it would be difficult to follow the stream course without the line of trees For most of the year water does not flow and the creek bed is choked with sand sagebrushes and other the site dry prairie species Though is part of shortgrass most of the land is prairie actually sandy bottomland that may eventually become It in Black Kettles tallgrass prairie was dry time and it is still dry evident by how much more sagebrush species there are now
    [Show full text]
  • State of the Park Report: Sand Creek Massacre National Historic Site
    National Park Service U.S. Department of the Interior State of the Park Report Sand Creek Massacre National Historic Site Colorado 2017 National Park Service. 2017. State of the Park Report for Sand Creek Massacre National Historic Site. State of the Park Series No. 51. National Park Service, Washington, DC. On the cover: Sunset at Sand Creek. NPS Photo. Disclaimer. This State of the Park report summarizes the current condition of park resources, visitor experience, and park infrastructure as assessed by a combination of available factual information and the expert opinion and professional judgment of park staff and subject matter experts. The internet version of this report provides the associated workshop summary report and additional details and sources of information about the findings summarized in the report, including references, accounts on the origin and quality of the data, and the methods and analytic approaches used in data collection and assessments of condition. This report provides evaluations of status and trends based on interpretation by NPS scientists and managers of both quantitative and non-quantitative assessments and observations. Future condition ratings may differ from findings in this report as new data and knowledge become available. The park superintendent approved the publication of this report. Executive Summary The mission of the National Park Service is to preserve unimpaired the natural and cultural resources and values of national parks for the enjoyment, education, and inspiration of this and future generations. NPS Management Policies (2006) state that “The Service will also strive to ensure that park resources and values are passed on to future generations in a condition that is as good as, or better than, the conditions that exist today.” As part of the stewardship of national parks for the American people, the NPS has begun to develop State of the Park reports to assess the overall status and trends of each park’s resources.
    [Show full text]
  • Bent's Fort Primary Resource
    1 Bent’s Fort: Trade in Transition How did family relationships influence trade relationships on the southern Colorado plains? What role did Bent’s Fort play in the westward expansion of the United States? What does the story of Bent’s Fort suggest about the relationship between trade and war among American Indians and Colorado settlers? By Jennifer Goodland* Standards and Teaching Strategies by: Corey Carlson, Zach Crandall, and Marcus Lee** Paid for by a grant from the Institute of Museum and Library Sciences * Jennifer Goodland has a master’s in history from University of Colorado Denver, where she concentrated on history tourism and the American West. She taught history at Metro State in Denver. Goodland runs a history research business called Big Year Colorado. ** Corey Carlson teaches 4th grade at Flatirons Elementary in Boulder, Zach Crandall teaches 8th grade U.S. Society at Southern Hills Middle in Boulder, Marcus Lee teaches and is the chair of the social studies department at George Washington High School in Denver. 2 Contents Standards Addressed Overview Essay Resources Growing the Border 1. The Louisiana Purchase and Missouri Territory 2. Bent and St. Vrain Families 3. Colorado’s Changing Borders 4. Bent’s Fort and the Border 5. Cheyenne Territory Travel and Trade 6. Bent’s Fort Floor Plan 7. Fur Trappers and the Bent, St. Vrain and Company Network 8. Jean-Baptiste Charbonneau 9. Fugitive at Bent’s Fort 10. Mexico Retaliates 11. Battleground: Bent’s Fort 12. Kearny’s March 13. Rebellion in Taos 14. Cut Off 15. Destruction of the Fort 16.
    [Show full text]
  • Indians and Whites: the Sand Creek Massacre
    Lesson Plan Primary Sources Lessons 12 – 13 Native American Experience/Compare & Contrast Primary Source Lesson Plan Indians and Whites: The Sand Creek Massacre Name of Primary Source Colorado Standards • The Sand Creek Massacre: Colonel Chivington’s Account, George Bent’s Account, Lieutenant Joseph • Social Studies Standard 1 History: History develops Cremer’s Account, John Smith’s Acclount. moral understanding, defines identity, and creates and appreciation of how things change while building skills http://www.legendsofamerica.com/NA- in judgment and decision making. History enhances SandCreek.html Additional Source – Legends of the ability to read varied sources and develop the America, Native American Legends, The Sand Creek skills to analyze, interpret, and communicate. Massacre. This can be used to provide background • Grade level expectation: Use a variety of sources to information. distinguish historical fact from fiction. • Reading and Writing 1: Read and understand a variety How primary source ties into text of materials • Reading and Writing 3: Write and speak using • Qualifies: The primary sources include four different conventional grammar, usage, sentence structure, accounts of the Sand Creek Massacre by people punctuation, capitalization, and spelling present that day. Big Idea • Elaborates: Each primary source gives a different perspective of the events that took place at the Sand • Literacy - Compare and Contrast different points of Creek Massacre. Three accounts are told from the view. perspective of the white men who were present at the attack. One is told from the Native American • History - students understand that history is a written perspective. The Legends of American source gives an account often based on conflicting evidence.
    [Show full text]
  • Sand Creek Massacre U.S
    ` National Park Service SAND CREEK MASSACRE U.S. Department of the Interior Sand Creek Massacre National Historic Site Cheyenne camp circa 1860’s – William S. Soule Photograph The Sand Creek Massacre Its victims numbered in the hundreds. Cheyenne and Arapaho survivors were displaced, relocated to Indian Territory. Its aftermath included congressional investigations, bitter critics, and staunch defenders, – reprisal, revenge, the mustering out of a Colonel and the resignation of a Governor. Sand Creek also gave rise to a new generation of federal Indian policies, new treaties at the Little Arkansas and Medicine Lodge – and the next generation of fighters and fights: Beecher Island, Washita, Summit Springs, Palo Duro Canyon, Sappa Creek, and the Little Big Horn. Sand Creek is among our nation’s most profound historic places. The event remains a powerful, and to some, sacred symbol of sacrifice and struggle. Seeds of Conflict As Colorado Territory grew, so to did the Fremont’s Orchard foreshadowed war. By tension and fear between settlers and June, the murders of the Hungate family native tribes. The settlers’ desire for near Denver and lingering fears of Indian land and prosperity was confronted by attacks like those at New Ulm, Minnesota nations who lived, hunted, and traveled which had claimed hundreds of lives, across the same areas. Negotiations increased tension among pioneers and between leaders – governors, agents Colorado officials. Assurances of amnesty and officers on one-side, chiefs and for “friendly” tribesmen were tempered by headmen on the other, failed. A a proclamation to “kill and destroy” reservation established in 1861 was hostiles. By summer, war would erupt insufficient for the nomadic Cheyenne across the plains of Nebraska, Kansas, and Arapaho.
    [Show full text]
  • March 2008 Volume 4, Issue 1
    NEWSLETTER OF THE COLORADO ROCK ART ASSOCIATION (CRAA) A Chapter of the Colorado Archaeological Society http://www.coloradorockart.org March 2008 Volume 4, Issue 1 Inside This Issue Letter from the President Happy Spring CRAA Members! We have been Youth Education very busy putting together the May La Junta Symposium ………………………………………….……page 2 and this newsletter is jam packed with all the information you Symposium will need to register for the weekend, sign up as a vendor and ………………………………….……………page 3 learn more about what we have planned. As you might know Historical Fund Grant Awarded this takes a lot of effort and we really need more volunteers ………………………………….……….…..page 8 to step up and support CRAA. Thanks to all of the Meet Our President current board members and committee chairs - your ………………………………….……….…..page 9 dedication and support to CRAA is greatly appreciated Field Trips by us all and is key to the success of this organization. Be ……………………………………....…….page 11 sure to review the proposed by-law changes in this edition. CAS News We will be voting on them at the meeting in May. If you have ……………………………………....…….page 13 issues with any of the changes please contact me in advance. Recommendations Elections are coming up in May and we have a few ………………………………………..……page 14 openings on the board. So please, if you have any interest Update to By-Laws at all in serving on the CRAA board or being a committee ……………………………………………...page15 chair, contact any of the board members on the back page of Ethics the newsletter. I will be stepping down in May and hope …………………………..……………..….page 16 someone else will be able to take over my position.
    [Show full text]
  • Interpreting the Sand Creek Massacre in Colorado
    University of Denver Digital Commons @ DU Electronic Theses and Dissertations Graduate Studies 2020 Lessons from Controversy: Interpreting the Sand Creek Massacre in Colorado Katherine Rose Hoadley University of Denver Follow this and additional works at: https://digitalcommons.du.edu/etd Part of the Indigenous Studies Commons, Museum Studies Commons, and the United States History Commons Recommended Citation Hoadley, Katherine Rose, "Lessons from Controversy: Interpreting the Sand Creek Massacre in Colorado" (2020). Electronic Theses and Dissertations. 1785. https://digitalcommons.du.edu/etd/1785 This Thesis is brought to you for free and open access by the Graduate Studies at Digital Commons @ DU. It has been accepted for inclusion in Electronic Theses and Dissertations by an authorized administrator of Digital Commons @ DU. For more information, please contact [email protected],[email protected]. Lessons from Controversy: Interpreting the Sand Creek Massacre in Colorado A Thesis Presented to the Faculty of the College of Arts, Humanities and Social Sciences University of Denver In Partial Fulfillment of the Requirements for the Degree Master of Arts by Katherine Hoadley December 2020 Advisor: Dr. Christina Kreps ©Copyright Katherine Hoadley 2020 All Rights Reserved Author: Katherine Hoadley Title: Lessons from Controversy: Interpreting the Sand Creek Massacre in Colorado Advisor: Dr. Christina Kreps Degree Date: December 2020 Abstract This thesis is a case study of the 2012 History Colorado Center exhibit, Collision: The Sand Creek Massacre, 1860s – Today. Collision was an exhibit that attempted to showcase the history of the Sand Creek Massacre – an 1864 event where well over one hundred peaceful Cheyenne and Arapaho people were murdered by the 3rd Regiment of the Colorado Military District.
    [Show full text]
  • Copyrighted Material
    bindex.qxd 06/21/04 3:16 PM Page 297 Printed from PDF index alcohol. See whisky Ash Hollow, massacre at, 47–48, 50, 65, Alcord, Captain Henry, 252 66 Algonquin peoples, 11, 13 Ashley, Susan, 90 Alights on the Cloud, Chief, 34–35 Augar, Brigadier General C. C., 224, annuity goods, 66, 92–93, 95, 133–134, 228–229 205, 206, 207, 209, 210, 230–231, Auraria settlement, 69–70, 76 234 stealing of by white agents, 100, 102, Bear Feather, Chief, 43 106 Bear Man, 53, 164 Antelope Skin, 112 Bear Shield, 243 Anthony, Major Scott J., 120, 134, 167, Beckwourth, Jim, 76, 148, 154, 181 183 Beecher Island, Battle of, 236–237 as commander of Fort Lyon, 141, Bent, Charles, 62, 63, 159, 176, 210, 142, 143–144, 172, 173 218, 219, 227 deceitfulness of, 143–144 Bent, George, 9, 10, 14, 29, 32, 62, 82, investigation of Sand Creek Massacre 102, 111, 121, 127, 129, 134, 136, and, 180 176, 177, 205–206, 210, 216, 217, Sand Creek Massacre and, 145, 234, 252 150–156, 159, 162, 168 marriage to Magpie, 205 Arapahoes, 23, 26–30, 77, 89, 90–91, Medicine Lodge council and Treaty 93, 258 and, 218, 219, 221, 226, 227, 231 along Washita River valley, 237–238 photograph of, 85 Confederacy and, 94–96 Sand Creek Massacre and, 154, 156, Fort Wise Treaty of 1861 and, 77–83, 158–159, 163, 164, 166 99–100 Bent, Robert, 81, 102, 154, 160 incursion of whites on land and Bent, William, 22, 29, 55, 69, 77, 89, resources of, 71–74 95, 122–123, 124, 143, 197, 204, Little Arkansas Treaty of 1865, 209, 210 202–204 background of, 62–63 Medicine LodgeCOPYRIGHTED council and Treaty.
    [Show full text]
  • John Evans Study Committee Report
    Report of the John Evans Study Committee Northwestern University May 2014 Contents Chapter One: Introduction 5 Report of the Northwestern University John Evans Study Committee Chapter Two: The Life and Career of John Evans 11 Ned Blackhawk Andrew Koppelman (Western Shoshone) John Paul Stevens Professor Chapter Three: Professor of History, American of Law Studies, and Ethnicity, Race, Professor of Political Science Colorado Before Sand Creek 37 and Migration Northwestern University Faculty Coordinator, Yale Chapter Four: The Road to Sand Creek 58 Group for the Study of Carl Smith, Chair Native America (YGSNA) Franklyn Bliss Snyder Chapter Five: The Aftermath 76 Yale University Professor of English and American Studies and Loretta Fowler Professor of History Chapter Six: Conclusions 85 Professor Emerita of Northwestern University Anthropology Notes 96 University of Oklahoma Elliott West Alumni Distinguished Links to Key Documents and Websites 111 Peter Hayes Professor of History Professor of History and University of Arkansas, Chair of the Department Fayetteville Acknowledgments 113 Theodore Zev Weiss Holocaust Educational Foundation Laurie Zoloth Professor Professor of Religious Studies Northwestern University Professor of Bioethics and Medical Humanities Frederick E. Hoxie Northwestern University Professor of History Swanlund Professor of American Indian Studies Alexander Gourse University of Illinois at John Evans Committee Urbana-Champaign Research Fellow Doctoral Candidate, Department of History Northwestern University Chapter One: Introduction n the clear and fro- zen dawn of Tuesday, November 29, 1864, more than seven hun- Odred heavily armed United States cavalry approached an encampment of Cheyenne and Arapaho Indians by a large bend in a dry riverbed called Sand (or Big Sandy) Creek, in an open and isolated spot on the high plains of southeastern Colorado Territory.
    [Show full text]