CSR Report 2005
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Principles of Geochemical Prospecting
Principles of Geochemical Prospecting GEOLOGICAL SURVEY BULLETIN 1000-F CONTRIBUTIONS TO GEOCHEMICAL PROSPECTING FOR MINERALS PRINCIPLES OF GEOCHEMICAL PROSPECTING By H. E. HAWKES ABSTRACT Geochemical prospecting for minerals includes any method of mineral exploration based on systematic measurement of the chemical properties of a naturally occurring material. The purpose of the measurements is the location of geochemical anomalies or of areas where the chemical pattern indicates the presence of ore in the vicinity. Anomalies may be formed either at depth by igneous and metamorphic processes or at the earth's surface by agents of weathering, erosion, and surficial transportation. Geochemical anomalies of deep-seated origin primary anomalies may result from (1) apparent local variation in the original composition of the earth's crust, defining a distinctive "geochemical province" especially favor able for the occurrence of ore, (2) impregnation of rocks by mineralizing fluids related to ore formation, and (3) dispersion of volatile elements transported in gaseous form. Anomalies of surficial origin-^secondary anomalies take the form either of residual materials from weathering of rocks and ores in place or of material dispersed from the ore deposit by gravity, moving water, or glacial ice. The mobility of an element, or tendency for it to migrate in the.surficial environment, determines the characteristics of the geochemical anomalies it can form. Water is the principal transporting agency for the products of weathering. Mobility is, therefore, closely related to the tendency of an element to be stable in water-soluble form. The chemical factors affecting the mobility of elements include hydrogen-ion concentration, solubility of salts, coprecipitation, sorption, oxidation potential, and the formation of complexes and colloidal solutions. -
Wall Rock Alteration in the Kanoko Vein Swarm, Hosokura Mine, Miyagi Prefecture, North-East Japan
Title Wall Rock Alteration in the Kanoko Vein Swarm, Hosokura Mine, Miyagi Prefecture, North-east Japan Author(s) Narita, Eikichi Citation Journal of the Faculty of Science, Hokkaido University. Series 4, Geology and mineralogy, 11(1), 59-75 Issue Date 1961-03 Doc URL http://hdl.handle.net/2115/35924 Type bulletin (article) File Information 11(1)_59-76.pdf Instructions for use Hokkaido University Collection of Scholarly and Academic Papers : HUSCAP WALL ROCK ALTERATION IN THE KANOKO VEIN SWARM, HOSOKURA MINE, MIYAGI PREFECTURE, NORTH-EAST JAPAN By Eikichi NARITA Contributions from the Department of Geology and Mineralogy, Faculty of Seienee, Hol<kaido University, No. 828 lntroduction Hosokura mine, enumerated as exploiting one of the big four lead-zinc' deposits in Japan, is loeated in Uguisuzawa IM{achi, Miyagi Prefecture,, northeastern part of Honshu island. Its mining field is composed ex-・ clusively of huge Neogene Tertiary volcanie materials corresponding to・ a part of the long continued belt extending along the whole inner zone of the Japanese islands arc. "Green tuff region" is the name proposed for that prominent Neogene Tertiary effusive terrain, which has recently' become an attractive field for the Japanese geologists as having resulted from epoch-making events in the history of the development of the Japa- nese islands arc. Various metallif'erous deposits are also associated with. those volcanic activities forming a peculiar ore province that has an impoytant- role in respeet to the Japanese mining industry. Epithermal types of deposits, such as chlorite copper veins, lead-zinc' veins and so-called black ore etc. are the characteristic representatives・ of the province. -
Mineralogical Studies on Japanese Sphalerite
Title Mineralogical Studies on Japanese Sphalerite Author(s) Togari, Kenji Citation Journal of the Faculty of Science, Hokkaido University. Series 4, Geology and mineralogy, 10(4), 703-734 Issue Date 1961-03 Doc URL http://hdl.handle.net/2115/35922 Type bulletin (article) File Information 10(4)_703-734.pdf Instructions for use Hokkaido University Collection of Scholarly and Academic Papers : HUSCAP MINERALOGICAL STUDIES ON JAPANESE SPHALERXTE By Kenji TOGARI Contributions from the Department of Geology and Mineralogy, Faeulty of Science, Hol<kaido Unive' rsity. No.・ s26 CONTENTS I. Introductiori ........,..,......,.......,..,......,.,...........,,703 II. Oecurrences .....,........,...,.,............,',.,.....,..,,.,...705 III. Morphology of sphalerite .....,..,..,....,...,.,...,...,..,,.....708 III-1 Forms and localities ..................,,...,.,.,,,.,,.....708 III-2 H-, F-, and P-value.......,,...,,.,....,.........,...,..,708 III-3 Twinning ..,.......,...,...............,.,.......,....,..714 IV. Chemical composition of sphalerite..,....,.....,.......,.,........714 IV-1 Chemieal analyses......,.,..........,....,...,.....,.....・・715 IV-2 Sulphur cornponent............,...,..,,......,..,...,....,.717 IV-3 Minor elements.................,.....,.,.,.,..,,...・-・・・・・717 V. Problem on structure of sphalerite......,..,v.,.,....,...........720 V-1 Variation of lattice eonstant...,....,.,...,.......,...,.....721 V-2 PolymoT'phism and polytype ..,...,......,......,..........,724 VI. Colour of sphalerite,...........................,...........,.,...725 -
4Th International Sjl111posiuin on Environinental Geocheinistry
UNITED STATES DEPARTMENT OF THE INTERIOR GEOLOGICAL SURVEY 4th International SJl111posiuin on Environinental Geocheinistry Progrcnn with Abstracts By Richard B. Wanty, Sherman P. Marsh, and Larry P. Gough Open File Report 97-496 1997 The use of trade names in this report is for descriptive purposes only and does not constitute endorsement by the U.S. Geological Survey. This report is preliminary and has not been edited or reviewed for conformity with U.S. Geological Survey standards and nomenclature. 4th lnternationalSymposium on Environmental Geochemistry US Geological Survey Open File Report No. OF97-496 Welcome to the 4th International Symposium on Environmental Geochemistry Welcome to colorful Colorado. This Rocky Mountain valley is an area once used to train soldiers of the lOth Mountain Division for Alpine combat in Europe during World War II. After the war, one of those soldiers came back with the dream of starting a ski area. In 1962, Vail opened and has grown into the largest, single-mountain ski resort in North America. During your stay we hope you will be able to visit the surrounding regions and enjoy American hospitality, food, and beautiful scenery. It is an honor to host the 4th International Symposium on Environmental Geochemistry and we are eager for you to have a successful and productive conference. You can rest assured that every member of the Organizing Committee will see to accommodating your needs. Details of the scientific program and social events are given in the following pages. If you need assistance or have any questions, please feel free to go to the Registration Desk or ask any Organizing Committee member. -
Utilization of Mineral Resources”
Commissioned by the Center for Environmental Information Science (CEIS) Characterization Factors in the Category of the “Utilization of Mineral Resources” May, 2004 EcoMaterials Center National Institute for Materials Science i Contents 1. Purpose 2. Determining Inventory Items 2.1. Inventory Items for "Utilization of Mineral Resources" 2.2. Stress Factor Categories of “Utilization of Mineral Resources” 2.3. Discussion Related to the Sustainability (Depletion) of Mineral Resources 3. Data Regarding Sustainability of Mineral Resources 3.1. Various Data 3.2. Depletion Data for Each Type of Ore 4. Characterization Method of the Depletion of Resources 4.1. Investigation of Characterization of the Depletion of Stock Resources 5. Handling as Resource Indices ii 1. Purpose When evaluating categories of "mineral resource utilization," environmental aspects such as resource depletion are taken into consideration, and appropriate "inventory" is identified, and given factors that characterize it. One of the major problems encountered when characterizing the depletion of mineral resources which serves as an important index of LCI (Life Cycle Inventory) analysis is, how to use the database. The present investigation looked at various databases that could be used for this purpose and evaluated them in terms of their reliability, ease of acquisition, size of target ores, and so on. In addition, publicly released data on excavation, production, demand, utilization, distribution, etc., were obtained from government statistics or relevant businesses, among other sources. 1 2. Determining Inventory Items 2.1. Inventory Iems for "Utilization of Mineral Resources" 2.1.1. "Resources" as economic activities In the inventory analysis, the use of raw materials is as important as the use of energy, and is an item that has an impact on each subprocess. -
Geology and Ore Deposits of the Onikobe-Hosokura District, Northeastern Houshu, Japan
Title Geology and Ore Deposits of the Onikobe-Hosokura District, Northeastern Houshu, Japan Author(s) Narita, Eikichi Citation Journal of the Faculty of Science, Hokkaido University. Series 4, Geology and mineralogy, 11(4), 651-681 Issue Date 1963 Doc URL http://hdl.handle.net/2115/35934 Type bulletin (article) File Information 11(4)_651-682.pdf Instructions for use Hokkaido University Collection of Scholarly and Academic Papers : HUSCAP GEOLOGY AIND ORE DEPOSXTS OF THE ONIKOBE-HOSOKURA DiSTRICT, NORTHEASTERN HONSHU, jAPAN. By Eikiehi NARITA Contribution £rom the Department of Geology and Mineralogy, Faculty o£ Seienee, Hol<kaido Universlty, No. 894 CONTENTS I Introduetion............................,............,............ 651 II General Geology..,...........,........,,.........,.,.,,.......... 652 III Ore Deposits....,...,.....,.................,...,.,...,........... 658 l) General features of the mineralized zone of Onikebe-Hosokura distriet......................,........,........ 658 2) The nature of the ore deposits of the distriet ....,.......,....... 661 3) General s}{eteh of vein types ......,..,....,.....,......,...,.... 662 4) Ore minerals.................................................... 668 IV Wall roek alteration..................................・・.・...・・・・・ 671 V Summary ....,.,.,.......,....................................... 677 VI Referenees...,...,....,.....,.....,............................... 680 I. Introduction Along the whole inner side of the Japanese island arc bulk pyro- clastic piliRgs of MioeeneNIPIiocene