6.1.2011
Classification system
• Subclass: Neornites (modern birds) – Superorder: Paleognathae, Neognathae Modern Birds • Paleognathae – two orders, 49 species • Struthioniformes—ostriches, emus, kiwis, and allies • Tinamiformes—tinamous
Ing. Jakub Hlava Department of Zoology and Fisheries CULS
Tinamiformes
• flightless • Dwarf Tinamou • consists of about 47 species in 9 genera • Dwarf Tinamou ‐ 43 g (1.5 oz) and 20 cm (7.9 in) • Gray Tinamou ‐ 2.3 kg (5.1 lb) 53 cm (21 in) • small fruits and seeds, leaves, larvae, worms, and mollusks
• Gray Tinamou
1 6.1.2011
Struthioniformes Struthioniformes
• large, flightless birds • Ostrich • most of them now extinct • Cassowary • chicks • Emu • adults more omnivorous or insectivorous • • adults are primarily vegetarian (digestive tracts) Kiwi • Emus have a more omnivorous diet, including insects and other small animals • kiwis eat earthworms, insects, and other similar creatures
Neognathae Galloanserae
• comprises 27 orders • Anseriformes ‐ waterfowl (150) • 10,000 species • Galliformes ‐ wildfowl/landfowl (250+)
• Superorder Galloanserae (fowl) • Superorder Neoaves (higher neognaths)
2 6.1.2011
Anseriformes (screamers) Anatidae (dablling ducks)
• includes ducks, geese and swans • South America • cosmopolitan distribution • Small group • domestication • Large, bulky • hunted animals‐ food and recreation • Small head, large feet • biggest genus (40‐50sp.) ‐ Anas
Anas shoveler • mallards (wild ducks) • pintails • shlhovelers • wigeons • teals
northern pintail
wigeon male (Eurasian)
3 6.1.2011
Tadorninae‐ Chloephaga Aythyinae
• sheldgeese (5 species) • Andean goose • around lakes and marshes
Red‐crested Pochard ‐male The Common Pochard (Aythya ferina) ‐male
Galliformes
• heavy‐bodied ground‐feeding domestic or game bir ds, tufted duck • turkey, grouse, chicken, quail, ptarmigan, part (Aythya fuligula) ridge, pheasant
Turkey in Portugal
4 6.1.2011
Galliformes Galliformes
Common Pheasant (Phasianus colchicus)
superorder: Neoaves Ciconiiformes strocks • large, Apodiformes • long‐legged, long‐necked • three living families: the swifts, the tree swifts, • storks, and the hummingbirds • herons, • egrets, • ibises, • spoonbills
Marabou Stork, Leptoptilos crumeniferus
5 6.1.2011
Phoenicopteriformes Columbiromes
Flamingos house dove • very widespread • 313 species • monogamous • sucking up water
Greater Flamingo (Phoenicopterus roseus)
Falconiformes Falconiformes
• 290 species of birds that comprises the birds of prey • strong raptorian legs • carnivorous • long‐life birds • representants: caracaras, falcons, condors, eagles, harriers, hawks, vultures
Vulture (Gyps africanus) The Harpy Eagle (Harpia harpyja)
6 6.1.2011
Falconiformes Falconiformes eagles Condor (Vultur gryphus)
Bald eagle(Haliaeetus leucocephalus) Secretary Bird (Sagittarius serpentarius)
Gruiformes Gruiformes
• Short wings Rallidae • Very bad flying
Common Moorhen, or Common Grey Crowned Crane Gallinule, (Gallinula chloropus) Eurasian Coot, (Fulica atra) (Balearica regulorum)
7 6.1.2011
Gruiformes Piciformes
Otidae
• contain about 67 living genera with 400 species • zygodactyl feet (two toes forward and two back) • woodpeckers • barbets • puffbirds, nunbirds and nunlets • toucans
Great Bustard, Otis tarda
Piciformes Coraciiformes
Toco toucan Black woodpecker (Dryocopus martius) • colourful near passerine birds • kingfishers, • the Hoopoe, • the bee‐eaters, • the rollers, • the hornbills
Sacred Kingfisher (Todiramphus sanctus)
8 6.1.2011
Caraciiformes Psittaciformes
hornbill Green Kingfisher(Chloroceryle americana) • = parrots • 72 species in 86 genera • strong curved bill • upright stance • strong legs • clawed zygodactyl feet
Amazon
Psittaciformes Psittaciformes The Scarlet Macaw (Ara macao)
Gray parrot (Psittacus erithacus) Cacatua
9 6.1.2011
Pelecaniformes Pelecaniformes
Northern Gannet (Morus bassanus) The frigatebirds • feet with all four toes webbed • feed on fish, squid or similar marine life • nesting is colonial • individual birds are monogamous
Pelican
Procellariiformes Sphenisciformes
Albatrosses Emperor penguin • =Penguins • flightless birds • exclusively in the southern hemisphere (espec. in Antarctica)
10 6.1.2011
Sphenisciformes Strigiformes Western Rockhopper Penguin Humboldt Penguin The Snowy Owl (Bubo scandiacus) The Burrowing Owl (Athene cunicularia) (Spheniscus humboldti) (Eudyptes chrysocome)
Charadriiformes Charadriiformes
The Atlantic Puffin (Fratercula arctica) The Black Skimmer (Rynchops niger) • most live near water • eat invertebrates or other small animals • some pelagic (sea birds)
11 6.1.2011
Charadriiformes Passeriformes
• large family of birds The Ruff (Philomachus pugnax) • includes more than a half of all bird species • the name comes from Passer domesticus (house sparrow)
Common Raven Paridae (tits, titmice) The Goldcrest, Regulus regulus
56 ‐69 cm (22 to 27 inches) 8.5–9.5 cm (3.3–3.7 inches) Blue Tit Great Tit
12 6.1.2011
Passeriformes
The Spotted Nutcracker (Nucifraga Crested Tit Marsh Tit caryocatactes) Weaver (Ploceus spekei)
Passeriformes
Birds‐of‐Paradise
13