TABLE S1 Complete overview of protocols for induction of PSCs into renal lineages Ref 2D/ Cell type Protocol Days Growth factors Outcome Other analyses # 3D hiPSC, hESC, Collagen type I tx murine epidydymal fat pads,ex vivo 54 2D 8 Y27632, AA, CHIR, BMP7 IM miPSC, mESC Matrigel with murine fetal kidney hiPSC, hESC, Suspension,han tx murine epidydymal fat pads,ex vivo 54 2D 20 AA, CHIR, BMP7 IM miPSC, mESC ging drop with murine fetal kidney tx murine epidydymal fat pads,ex vivo 55 hiPSC, hESC Matrigel 2D 14 CHIR, TTNPB/AM580, Y27632 IM with murine fetal kidney Injury, tx murine epidydymal fat 57 hiPSC Suspension 2D 28 AA, CHIR, BMP7, TGF- NP β1, TTNPB, DMH1 pads,spinal cord assay Matrigel,membr 58 mNPC, hESC 3D 7 BPM7, FGF9, Heparin, Y27632, CHIR, LDN, BMP4, IGF1, IGF2 NP Clonal expansion ane filter iMatrix,spinal 59 hiPSC 3D 10 LIF, Y27632, FGF2/FGF9, TGF-α, DAPT, CHIR, BMP7 NP Clonal expansion cord assay iMatrix,spinal 59 murine NP 3D 8-19 LIF, Y27632, FGF2/FGF9, TGF- NP Clonal expansion cord assay α, DAPT, CHIR, BMP7 murine NP, Suspension, 60 3D 7-19 BMP7, FGF2, Heparin, Y27632, LIF NP Nephrotoxicity, injury model human NP membrane filter Suspension, Contractility and permeability assay, ex 61 hiPSC 2D 10 AA, BMP7, RA Pod gelatin vivo with murine fetal kidney Matrigel. 62 hiPSC, hESC fibronectin, 2D < 50 FGF2, AA, WNT3A, BMP4, BMP7, RA, FGF2, HGF or RA + VITD3 Pod collagen type I Matrigel, Contractility and uptake assay,ex vivo 63 hiPSC 2D 13 Y27632, CP21R7, BMP4, RA, BMP7, FGF9, VITD3 Pod collagen type I with murine fetal kidney Collagen production, clearance studies, 64 hiPSC Laminin-511 2D 21 AA, CHIR, Y27632, BMP7, VEGF, RA Pod injury model Transporter and GGT 65 hiPSC Matrigel 2D 8 Y27632, BMP2, BMP7 PT activity,nephrotoxicity tx under murine skin,ex vivo into murine 66 hESC Matrigel 2D 20 AA, RA, BMP2, BMP7 PT kidney cortex tx murine kidney capsule,ex vivo with 67 hiPSC, hESC Geltrex 2D 11-12 Y27632, CHIR, FGF2, RA PT,MM murine fetal kidney tx murine kidney capsule,ex vivo with 67 hiPSC, hESC Geltrex 2D 8 Y27632, CHIR, FGF2, RA, FGF9, AA PT,MM murine fetal kidney 69 hiPSC, hESC Matrigel 2D 4 BMP4, FGF2, RA, AA, BMP2, Y27632 UB ex vivo with murine fetal kidney Matrigel, 2D, LDN, A83-01, CHIR, RA, PD0325901, FGF8, TTNPB, A83-01, GDNF, 70 hiPSC, hESC 15 UB suspension 3D FGF1, Thiazovin Suspension, UB: Y27632(iPSC), AA, BMP4, CHIR, RA, FGF9, LDN(iPSC), 71 hiPSC membrane 3D 7 UB, MM Spinal cord assay SB431542 (iPSC), FGF1, GDNF, Rspondin1, FGF7(iPSC) filter,matrigel NP: LIF (ESC), PD0325901 (ESC), Y27632, AA, bFGF(iPSC), CHIR, 71 BMP4, RA, LDN(iPSC), BMS493(iPSC), FGF9 UB, MM Spinal cord assay Suspension, LIF, CHIR, PD0325901, AA, Y27632, AA, BMP4, CHIR, RA, 71 mESC membrane 3D 7 UB,MM tx murine kidney capsule Y27632, FGF9 (mESC-derived NPs) filter,matrigel Matrigel PT, pod, Permeability and toxicity assay,disease 73 hiPSC, hESC 3D 16 Y27632, CHIR, B27 sandwich endo modeling, tx in murine kidney 74 hESC Matrigel. 3D 18-22 BMP4, AA, CHIR, RA, FGF9, heparin UB,MM ex vivo with murine fetal kidney membrane filter MM, UB, Matrigel, 2D, 10 hiPSC, hESC 12-25 CHIR, FGF9 endo, Endocytosis, nephrotoxicity membrane filter 3D stroma 76 MEK Membrane filter 3D 5 Condensate with amniotic fluid stem cells Pod tx murine kidney capsule Pod, PT, 77 MEK Matrigel 3D 1-4 Condensate with MSC and HUVECs Intracranial tx DT Suspension, 2D, UB and 78 hiPSC 14-90 Y27632, CHIR, Noggin/ Dorsomorphin, AA, FGF9 Nephrotoxicity Geltrex 3D MM Suspension, 2D, 79 hiPSC, hESC 21-28 CHIR, Noggin, AA, FGF9 MM Nephrotoxicity Geltrex 3D MM, 80 hiPSC, hESC Geltrex 3D 14-21 CHIR, VEGF165, FGF9, Y27632, AA, BMP4, bFGF endo, Nephrotoxicity, disease modeling stroma hiPSC, hESC, 8,5- Pod, PT, Injury model,tx omentum and chick 81 Membrane filter 3D AA, BMP4, CHIR, RA, FGF2, FGF9 mESC 14 DT embryo coelomic cavity

ESC, embryonic stem cell; iPSC, induced pluripotent stem cell; h-/m-, human/murine; NP, nephron progenitor; MEK, murine embryonic kidney; IM, intermediate mesoderm; NP, nephron progenitor; Pod, podocytes; PT, proximal tubuli; UB, ureteric bud; MM, metanephric mesenchyme; endo, endothelial cells; DT, distal tubuli; Tx, transplantation TABLE S2

Glossary

A83-01, Activin/NODAL/TGF-β pathway ESC, embryonic stem cellESRD, end inhibitor stage renal disease

AA, Activin A FGF, fibroblast growth factor

AM580, Retinoic acid receptor (RAR) GDNF, glial cell-derived neurotrophic agonist factor

ARPC, adult renal progenitor cell hESC, human ESC

B27, serum-free supplement HGF, hepatocyte growth factor

BMP, bone morphogenetic protein hiPSC, human iPSC

BMS493, retinoid pathway activator IGF, insulin-like growth factor

CHIR, CHIR99021, WNT activator IM, intermediate mesoderm

CITED1, Cbp/p300-interacting iPSC, induced pluripotent stem cell transactivator 1 LDN, LDN193189

DAPT, Notch inhibitor LIF, leukemia inhibitory factor

DT, distal tubuli mESC, murine ESC

DMH1, selective BMP antagonist miPSC, murine iPSC

EGF, epidermal growth factor mPSC, murine pluripotent stem cells

Endo, endothelial cells MEK, murine embryonic kidney SIX2, homeobox protein SIX2

MM, metanephric mesenchyme SYN, synaptophysin

MSC, Mesenchymal stem cell TGF, transforming growth factor

NP, nephron progenitor TTNPB, Retinoic acid receptor (RAR)

agonist OSR1, protein odd-skipped-related 1

Tx, transplantation PD0325901, MEK/ERK pathway inhibitor UB, ureteric bud

PAX2, Paired box gene 2 VEGF, vascular endothelial growth

factor PDGFR, Platelet-derived growth factor receptor VITD3, vitamin D3

PODOCAL, podocalcyn WD, Wolffian Duct

Pod, podocytes Wnt3A, protein Wnt-3a

PSC, pluripotent stem cell WT1, Wilms Tumor 1

PT, proximal tubuli Y27632, ROCK Inhibitor

RA, retinoic acid

SALL1, Spalt-like transcription factor 1

SB431542, Activin/BMP/TGF-β pathway inhibitor