Spécial Jeanne D'arc En Meuse

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Spécial Jeanne D'arc En Meuse Illustration : Mélanie KochertIllustration AVEC PARTENAIRE PAR NATURE www.meuse.fr SPÉCIAL JEANNE D'ARC EN MEUSE FESTIVITÉS DE FÉVRIER À SEPTEMBRE 2012 TOUT COMMENCE EN MEUSE Sainte pour les uns, icône laïque pour les autres, l'histoire et la figure deJeanne d'Arc n'ont pas fini de susciter les intérêts et les questions les plus divers en France comme à l'étranger. 600 ans après sa naissance à Domremy, aux limites des Vosges et de la Meuse actuelles, sa légende ne connaît nul repos tant son empreinte historique et symbolique demeure intacte. En cette année 2012, le Conseil général de la Meuse lui rend un hommage culturel multiforme. Carrément ouvert. faire mentir le Général de Gaulle quand il affirmait comme "Jeanne la bonne lorraine". Et de naissance quasi court. Ils resteront compagnons indéfectibles de la Pucelle. qu'au fond son seul rival international, c'était Tin- meusienne... Ce fameux espace lorrain recouvrait alors les Cette entrée dans l'Histoire par la Porte de France à Vaucou- tin! duchés de Lorraine et de Bar ainsi que les Trois-Évêchés Toul, leurs - immortalisée par le tableau d'un pompier flamboyant Car au fil des mers et des océans, de Casablanca à Metz et Verdun. Limitrophe du royaume de France, le village de Jean-Jacques Scherrer intitulé Le départ de Jeanne d'Arc de Ho Chi Minh Ville, de Gloucester à St-Petersbourg de Domremy, où naquit Jeanne, faisait partie, à quelques pin- Vaucouleurs - fait de cette commune le centre de gravité na- Àen passant par Gaza ou Buenos Aires, sans oublier Tokyo où cées de tuiles près, du duché de Bar. Le Barrois est alors un turel des festivités souhaitées et initiée par le Conseil général son culte est immense, le personnage de Jeanne d'Arc sublime État indépendant où son duc frappe monnaie, rend justice de la Meuse. à l'évidence tous les check point réels ou imaginaires de la pla- et peut lever une armée. Ainsi en 1420, le jeu des alliances Théâtre, cinéma, exposition, arts de la rue, spectacle son et nète. Au point que son origine française, quoiqu'essentielle matrimoniales par le truchement du mariage à l'âge de 11 ans lumières, colloque d'Histoire, conférences, ateliers d'écri- vue de nos clochers ou des lambris de nos sous-préfectures, de René 1er d'Anjou et d'Isabelle de Lorraine de ture et photographique jusqu'aux randonnées semble secondaire à l'étranger tant la mi-sainte quelques mois sa cadette, fait que « Ce serait diminuer pédestres, vtt et même équestres... Et même mi-laïque Jeanne génère une avalanche de sym- Le poète maudit le duché de Bar et celui de Lorraine et fausser son souvenir un bel oratorio tout neuf et inspiré. Rien ne boles et de valeurs incarnées avec force. François Villon sont de fait réunis au moment où que de le mêler semble avoir été oublié dans le sens de la prise Cet esprit de rébellion face à une présence ar- l'identifia comme Jeanne prend conscience et acte de à nos luttes politiques» en compte de l'ancrage profond de Jeanne à la mée indésirée. Ce recours à l'irrationnel fémi- « Jeanne la bonne lorraine» sa mission. Raymond Poincaré (1893) Meuse et, par extension, à la Lorraine toute en- nin au pays de la raison d'État quand le réalisme Alors, intervention de l'Éternel tière. des hommes semble défaillir. Cette Foi nue comme seule ré- ou pures hallucinations auditives ? Il n'empêche. Demeure De par son histoire et sa symbolique. Sans faire fi de la part ponse à un ordre établi décati voire usurpé. Ou simplement intangible le fait que la légende, désormais intemporelle d'affect et d'une réflexion quant aux tentatives de récupéra- l'archétype d'un esprit politique visionnaire. Et ce, en nos et internationale, prend bel et bien ses racines aux confins tion par les uns, par les autres, que Jeanne d'Arc a toujours temps au moins aussi troublés de redistribution des cartes des Vosges et de la Meuse actuelles. Mais plus précisément, suscité. Et de rappeler ici les mots d'un autre enfant du pays, que ne le furent ceux de la Jeanne qu'honore la Meuse en l'épopée militaire démarre franchement de Vaucouleurs en Raymond Poincaré, qui déclara lors d'une cérémonie à Vau- cette année 2012 dans le contexte du 600ème anniversaire février 1429 d'où le futur capitaine de 17 ans part avec une couleurs en 1893 : "Elle a personnifié la France (...). Ce serait de sa naissance. petite escorte commandée par Jean de Metz, originaire de diminuer et fausser son souvenir que de le mêler à nos luttes Gloire soit alors rendue au passage au baron des poètes Nouillonpont à proximité de Spincourt et comprenant un politiques". À méditer. maudits, François Villon qui, parole de pendard, l'identifia certain Bertrand de Poulangy venu des environs de Gondre- A. Mébarki SPÉCIAL JEANNE D'ARC EN MEUSE 2012 CINÉMA JEANNE LA CINÉGÉNIQUE Jeanne d’Arc reste une grande source d’inspiration pour le cinéma, avec plus de cinquante fi lms offi ciellement répertoriés. Olivier Bouzy, historien et spécialiste de la Pucelle d’Orléans, revient sur cette fascination du 7e art, et notamment les six long-métrages pressentis cet été en Meuse dans le cadre de projections en plein air. n La Passion de Jeanne d'Arc n Le Procès de Jeanne d'Arc n Jeanne d'Arc lle n’a, pour ainsi dire, pas d’équivalent féminin dans la conscience de Carl Theodor Dreyer (1928) de Robert Bresson (1962) de Luc Besson (1999) collective. Jeanne d’Arc et ses mystères fascinent, interrogent, ali- Ce fi lm très soigné est sorti dans l’in- mentent la machine à rumeurs… Le récent Jeanne d’Arc : histoire diff érence, et surtout au mauvais mo- et dictionnaire, de Philippe Contamine, publié chez Robert Laf- ment. « C’est l’époque où les Français se font, répertorie 53 fi lms ou téléfi lms à son sujet, avec parfois des désintéressent de Jeanne d’Arc, qui en- Eenregistrements d’opéra. Ce chiff re n’est pas exhaustif. L’histoire de la Pu- tamera une longue traversée du désert « On sent que le réalisateur s’est beau- celle d’Orléans semble intarissable, malgré les redondances et les épisodes jusqu’au fi lm de Luc Besson.» coup amusé dans ce fi lm à grand spec- Jeanne de sa vie ressassés par le 7e art. Le dernier fi lm de Philippe Ramos, tacle, quitte à malmener un peu la réa- Captive, quoique plus éloigné du canevas habituel, est venu le rappeler. Le lité historique. » Fidèle reproduction premier du genre remonte à 1898. Le premier, mais aussi le plus court : des champs de bataille de l’époque, 30 secondes ! « Il s’agit juste d’un tableau animé représentant le bûcher », « L'atmosphère poétique rend ce fi lm d’où son aspect très sanglant, le spé- commente Olivier Bouzy, spécialiste de Jeanne d’Arc. Dans cette version muet très beau». Ce long-métrage fait cialiste y voit aussi « un élément du colorisée à la main, le réalisateur, Georges Hatot, use déjà de quelques écho à la Passion du Christ, Jeanne triptyque de la femme de guerre selon devant aff ronter l’incompréhension eff ets pyrotechniques pour décupler son rendu. Besson, avec Nikita et Leeloo, dans le et la haine de l’Église. Pour l’historien médiéviste, le sujet avait complètement échappé aux gar- 5e élément.» diens du patrimoine, en raison des nombreuses récupérations politiques du personnage. Il faudra attendre 1999 pour réconcilier les Français avec n Jeanne au bûcher n Jeanne la Pucelle n Jeanne Captive la native de Domrémy. Cette année-là, Luc Besson réalise un Jeanne d’Arc de Roberto Rossellini (1954) de Jacques Rivette (1994) de Philippe Ramos (2011) qui réactive l’intérêt populaire. Le directeur scientifi que du Centre Jeanne Cette adaptation de l’oratorio de Paul « C’est ce que j’appelle un fi lm d’inters- d’Arc à Orléans, alors étudiant, a encore en mémoire ce professeur d’his- Claudel, sur une musique d’Arthur tice, car il s’intéresse uniquement à deux toire à La Sorbonne invoquant la dangerosité du sujet pour bouter la Honegger, est saluée par la critique. épisodes méconnus de la vie de Jeanne Meusienne hors de son programme. Un comble ! « Elle avait été tellement Un fi lm religieusement correct, et d’Arc : sa captivité et son transfert à politisée que les professeurs d’histoire s’en méfi aient.» La première biographie pour cause : « Il a été supervisé par un Rouen. Son rapport aux Anglais et face historique faisant référence au mythe, signée Colette Beaune, remonte conseiller historique du Vatican. » à la mer est aussi très intéressant.» d’ailleurs à 2006, autant dire hier. Enrôlée à des fi ns politiques et religieuses, voire laïques, objet de propa- gande, et même catapultée dans un fi lm présenté au Festival de Cannes en 1973 et qualifi é de pornographique -Le Sourire vertical, de feu Robert En tant que spectateur, l’historien Lapoujade -, l’héroïne de la bataille de Patay a été le refl et de plusieurs juge cette adaptation en deux parties époques et l’égérie de nombreuses croyances. ennuyeuse et trop longue. « Il n’a pas Le cinéma, lui, s’en lèche les bobines… Olivier Pierson pris assez de liberté avec l’Histoire. Il y a trop de détails, on s’y perd un peu. » SPÉCIAL JEANNE D'ARC EN MEUSE 2012 MUSIQUE L'ORATORIO NOUVEAU Pour clôturer les manifestations johanniques organisées en Meuse cette année, la Ville de Vaucouleurs a sollicité l’un de ses habitants, le chef d’orchestre Denis Rocher.
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