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JOAN of ARC Dy Herself and Her Witnesses 1994 Edition with a New Cover Published by SCARBOROUGH HOUSE Lanham, MD 20706 JOAN OF ARC Dy Herself and Her Witnesses 1994 edition with a new cover published by SCARBOROUGH HOUSE Lanham, MD 20706 REGINE PERNOUD A SCARBOROUGII BOOK REISSUE 1982 First Stein and Day Paperback edition 1969 TranslateJ from the French hy EJwarJ Hyams First published in the United States of America by STEIN AND DAY / Publishers, 1966 This translation copyright Cl Macdonald & Co (Publishers) Ltd., 1964 First published in the French language in 1962 as Jeanne d'Arc par elle-mlme 1'1 par ses temoins Copyright Cl 1962 by Editions du Seuil All rights reserved Printed in the United States of America Library or Con&re!! Catalo.:ln& In Publication nata Pernoud, Regine, 1909· Joan or Arc by herseU and her witnesses. "A Scarborough book." Translation or: Jeanne d'Arc par elle-meme et par ses temoins. Includes index. I. Joan, or Arc, Saint, 1412-1431. 2. Christian saints-France-Biography. I. Title. DC103.P3783 19R2 944'.026'0924 [B] 82-19312 ISBN 0-8128-1260-3 (pbk.) SCARBOROUGH HOUSE Lanham • New York • London ----:1 ~.--.., --~, ---' --'. :=..=J ~ 9 REHABILITATION On October 24, 1430, while Joan was still a prisoner at Beaurevoir, the Duke of Burgundy had been forced to raise the siege of Com­ picgne, that town having heen relieved by a French army commanded by the Comte de Vcndome and the Marshal de lloussac. The olTensi ve operations which the duke had been able to prepare, thanks to the imprudent truces signed by Charles VII, had not been as profitable as he had hoped. In 143 I there were more French successes, chieOy owin~ 10 lhe ener~y of La Hire, who had been appointed captain-general ill Normandy immediately after the taking of Louviers in December 1429, and of the sire de Barbazan in Champagne. The Bastard of Orleans was sent to Louviers in .ws.s, WOMEN OF AME:nICA March 143 I. But this mili tary effort was not maintained: on October ~ SI\VE YOUR COUNTRY 28th Louviers was forced to capitulate to the English, a fresh body of English troops having disembarked at Calais in June. And BuyWAR SAV1NGS STAIv\PS on July 2nd the sire de llarbazan-"heart of fine silver, flower of iJIoOlI'1D 1i"',....If"" """""'''"''''''''''' ... "., ~"··'''·m.W···","''''····'~··''·A~· chivalry" says his epitaph-was killed at the battle of Bulgneville during which Renc of A njoll was taken prisoner. lly a curious coincidence, on May 30, 1431, the day of Joan's death, news of which cannot therefore have reached the king, Charles sent a letter to the inhabitants of Hhcillls asking them to make the sire de llar­ bazan welcome. lIowever, after a campaign which had been fruitless from his point of view, the Duke of Burgundy seems to have decided to seck peace with the King of france. lIe kept away from Henry VI's coronation ceremony in Paris in December 143 I, and this alone was a gesture of independence of the English: and in the course of the same month he signed another truce with Charles VII's ambassadors, at Lille. Much more advantageous for the french King than its predecessors, the truce in question was for a period of six years and has the appearance of being preliminary to a definitive peace treaty. In ltouen itself the french sentiments of the population must have bcen roused by Joan's death: on February 3, 14]2, a [ree-Iance 255 6 25 JOAN OF ARC REIIAI3ILITATION 257 called Ricarville, with oue hundred and three followers, succeeded Joan had said in 1431, "the English will lose a greater gage than they by a coup de main of astonishing boldness, in making himself master have ever lost in France." of the castle. Unfortunately the reinforcement which was necessary But the Parisians had to wait a year before the King came to if he was to hold the place was not forthcoming, and a few days their town: he did not make his entry until November 12, 1437. later the one hundred and four soldiers were decapitated in the same Even the Bourgeois de Paris was obliged to admit that "he was feted Old Market Place which had witnessed the conflagration of that like God himself". (P. 136) The King was accompanied by the sinister pyre in the previous year, at the order of Bedford and the Dauphin Louis, heir to the throne. Earl of Arundel, captain of Rouen. Several years passed thereafter during which neither England Meanwhile the King's attention was more than ever absorbed nor France seemed to be in a state to continue the strife. In both by his unworthy favourite, Georges de la Trcmoille who, as always countries finances were in a parlous state, as we may judge from the opposed to military action, fostered the King's natural apathy. One monetary measures of the time: the coming and going of free-lance fine day he received a sword-stroke through the stomach; this bands paralysed agriculture by terrorising the peasantry; disorder attempt at assassination hac! been organised by the Constable reigned throughout France and, as a last straw, plague broke out Arthur de Hichemont and the Angevin family, Queen Marie of in the kingdol1l, and in Paris l'<lged throughout 1438 and 1439, Anjou, Charles du Maine and their mother Yolande of Sicily, who killing fifty thousand people in that city alone; among the victims had made up their minds that the King of France should prosper was Marie de Poissy, the King's sister and prioress of the convent even despite himself. His life saved by the thickness of his own fat, of Poissy. La Tremoille left the court never to return, and from that moment Military action was resumed ill 1441 with the taking of Pontoise French military activity was more energetic and better sustained. and, in the following year, with a raid into Guyenne: the King On January 16, 1435, there began, between France and Burgundy, recovered Saint-Sever and Dax, but failed to take La Heole. Dis­ the conferences of Nevers in which Rene of Anjou played the part couraged by this failure he hurried back to the banks of the Loire of honest broker. They concluded with an adjournment to Arras and was again overtaken by inertia, the more so in that his mistress, . where, despite protests from England, peace was concluded between Agnes Sorel, who first appeared at the court in 1444, roused in him France and Burgundy on September 20,1435. The Regent Bedford a belated appetite for pleasure: banquets and tournaments followed had seen the beginning of the negotiations, but was not to see the one upon another, in which the taste for luxury, which had dis­ cnd of them, for he died on September 14th in the castle of Houen tinguished the Valois line since the first of thcm became King, where he had held Joan prisoner. One of the principal French reappeared. The Archbishop of Hheims, Jean JOllvenel des Ursins, negotiators had been Cauchon's successor in the see of Beauvais, raised an indignant voice in an ellart to recall the King to a sense of appointed by the King of France after the town had been rctaken his duty and to the misery of the people confronted with this in 1429, Jean Jouvenel des Ursins. extravagance of luxury paid for with "aids (taxes) raised for the At the same time and throughout the country the people were war". But, also in 1444, a truce was signed with England and quivering with impatience: there were uprisingsinLower Normandy reinforced by the marriage of Henry VI to Margaret of Anjou, in 1434; at the time of the treaty of Arras the English wcre virtually King Rene's daughter: this truce was renewed periodically until helpless in that region, and the town of Dieppe went over to thc 1449· King of France. At last, on April 13, 1436, Arthur de Richemont, In that year an English raid against 17ougeres caused the resump­ taking advantage of the insurrection which had been seething in tion of military operations, centred in Normandy where the popula­ Paris for four months, made his way into the city by the Saint­ tion rose. In the month of May the French took three" small towns Jacques gate, while the "foresworn Frenchmen", among thcm in succession, Pont-de-I'Arche, Conches and Gerberoy; next, Pierre Cauchon himself, fled hastily, pursued by the shouts of the Dunois seized Verneuil, and at last, on August 6th, Charles VII set mob, "After the fox! Have his tail!" (There was a curious popular siege to Louviers. Towns rose in his support on all sides. In Rouen superstition that all Englishmen had tails.) "Before seven years," an insurrection forced the governor, Somerset, to quit the castle '--'-1."- 'I ------'­ '-=-- =.=J ---' , ""1] '\ _--0:.__•./ ~. HElIABILITATION 259 2)8 JOAN OF AHC authorise, command and expressly enjoin that you enquire into and in haste and take refuge in Caen on October 29th: a few days later inform yourself diligently on that which is said about it; and the Charles made his entry into the capital of Normandy, reconquered information (gathered) by you on this matter, bring it close and after thirty years of occupation. sealed before us and people of our council. •.." (R.n-u) Then, and not till then, did it become possible to determine in The terms of this letter are significant: we would know the truth what manner the trial and execution of Joan of Arc had taken place. of the said trial; until then, in fact, they knew nothing, excepting All the documents in the case had been preserved at the archbishopric; what their enemies had been willing to tell them.
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