DOCSLIB.ORG

The Species and Synonymy of the Genus Cyrtacanthacris (Orth., Acrididae)

Total Page：16

File Type：pdf, Size：1020Kb

Download full-text PDF Read full-text
The Species and Synonymy of the Genus Cyrtacanthacris (Orth., Acrididae) The species and synonymy of the genus Cyrtacanthacris (Orth., Acrididae) BY V. M. DIRSH. (London). The genera Cyrtacanthacris, Valanga, Patanga, Austracris and Nomadacris are synonymized, the genus Cyrtacanthacris having priority. A list of species of the genus and their synonymy is presented. In 1870 Walker described the genus Cyrtacanthacris. As the type species of the genus was not designated (a designation of a type species carne to the use only in 1907), Uvarov in 1923 first designated as the type species Gryllus (Locusta) tataricus Linnaeus, 1758. The type specimen of this species had perished, and a neotype was not designated. There is some doubt about the designation. Linnaeus, in his diagnosis, mentioned - "Alae costa rubra a priory manifeste distinctus", and "Habitat in Tataria". However, there is no red colour on the wings of Cyrtacanthacris tatarica, in the sense that this species is considered by present entomologists, and "Tataria" probably means the Asiatic Steppes inhabited by Tatars, from where C. tatarica has never been recorded. In the present circumstances it is not possible to decide with certainty what species really was describecl by Linnaeus. The present author decided to adopt the present conventional meaning of the species used by all recent entomologists. Johnston (1956) usted five species of this genus distributed in Africa and among them the type species distributed throughout the African continent, Madagascar, nearest to Africa Islands of Atlantic and Indian Oceans, and S. Asia, including Sumatra and Philippines. In 1923 Uvarov described four new genera related to Cyrta- canthacris : Valanga, Patanga„ Austracris and Nomadacris. The 36 V. M. DIRSH genus Austracris was described by Uvarov (1923), with the type species Cyrtacanthacris guttulosa Walker, 1870 ( 3 ) and type locality "New Hebrides Anciteum". Rehn, in 1941, remarked that the difference between the genera Austracris and Patanga is purely academic and a further study would probably prove that they are synonymous. Willemse (1957) following Uvarov, recognized three species of the genus (A. guttulosa Walker, 1870; A. proxima Walker, 1870, and A. basalis Walker, 1870) and also remarked about the difficulty in separating Austracris from Uvarov's Patanga. Austracris is distributed from Philippines through Oceania and Australia. It has produced several geographical forms supposingly of subspe- cific status. The genus Nornadacris described by Uvarov (1923) designated type species Acridium septemfasciatum Serville, 1938 ( 9 ) with type locality "Cape of Good Hope". The type was lost and neotype was not designated. The genus was monospecific. It is distributed in Ethiopian Region in whole Africa, Madagascar and Islands of Atlantic and Indian Oceans nearest to African continent. The genera Valanga Uvarov, 1923 and Patanga Uvarov, 1923 present a special case owing to the confusion between the type species. In 1763 in his "Dissertatia" "Centuria Insectorum", in the Linnaean "Amoenitates Academicae", Johansson described "Gryllus (Locusta) succinctus L.". Subsequent authors regarded the species as described by Linnaeus himself probably on the reason that the mentioned "Dissertatia" was published in the Linnaean volume "Amoenitates Academicae" and because Johansson put the letter "L." after the specific name. Linnaeus himself first mentioned the Gryllus (Locusta) succinctus only in 1767 in the twelfth edition of Systema Naturae. Therefore Johansson has four years priority. In 1951 Bey-Bienko and Mistshenko (co-authors) restored the correct author- ship of the species. In the Linnaean Collection of the Linnaean Society in London the y specimen was found which agrees relatively fairly well with Johansson's description and bears the label "succinctus". It is almost certain that Johansson used the Linnaean specimen for his "Disser- tatia" and the specimen in the Linnaean Collection is the type of the species. THE SPECIES AND SYNONYMY OF THE GENUS «CYRTACANTHACRIS» 37 Later authors, from Olivier, 1791 on, used for the species the generic names Acridium, Cyrtacanthacris and Locusta, except Fabri- cius, 1793, who used the generic name Gryllus. In 1923 Uvarov erected a new genus Patanga and designated the type species "Gryllus (Locusta) succinctus Since then the name Patanga succincta (L.), has been used by the majority of subsequent authors. However, Uvarov's description of the genus Patanga disagrees with the description of Gryllus (Locusta) succinctus by Johansson in the most essential points (and some secondary points as well). Johansson in his description stated : "Carina thoracis partim elevata tribus incifuris". In Uvarov's description of Patanga it is said : "Pronotum distinctly compressed laterally and constricted in the pro- zona, with the median keel verv low and almost subobliterate". The type, as mentioned above, corresponds with Johansson des- cription and disagrees with Uvarov's description of the genus Patanga and species Patanga succincta (sensu Uvarov). The probable expla- nation is, that Uvarov describing his Patanga succincta was not aware of the existence of the type of Gryllus (Locusta) succinctus Johansson and probably disregarded Johansson's diagnosis. Thus Patanga suc- cincta Uvarov, 1923 is not Gryllus (Locusta) succinctus Johansson, 1763 and the type species of the genus Patanga as designated by Uvarov and the description of the genus itself do not correspond with each other. In the same paper 1923 Uvardv described another new genus - Valanga, with the type species Acridium nigricorne Burmeister, 1838. The description of this new genus however corresponds to the Grvllus (Locusta) succinctus Johansson, 1763. Further more, the designated type species of the genus - Acridium, nigricorne Burmeister, 1838 is synonymous with the Gryllus (Locusta) succinctus Johansson, 1763. The type of Acridium nigricorne is lost, however from the descrip- tion and specimens preserved in the British Museum (Natural History) and collections in other museums, identified by Uvarov, Willemse, Rehn and other Orthopterologists, it is quite clear what species was and is considered as Acridium nigricorne Burmeister, 1838. It is also doubtless that this species is synonymous with Grvllus (Locusta) suc- cinctus Johansson, 1763, as is proved by comparing the descriptions, type of G. (L.) succinctus and a series of material of V. nigricornis by the present author, 38 V. M. DIRSH As a result, the complicated and peculiar confusion has arisen. In the genus Valanga the type species is Acridium nigricornis Bur- meister, 1838, which is synonymous with Gryllus (Locusta) succinctus Johansson, 1763, which was designated as the type species of Patanga. The type of Acridium assectatus Fischer von Waldheim, 1848 is lost, but from the description and a reasonably good figure in colour it is clear that the species is identical with Patanga succincta (sensu Uvarov, 1923). Uvarov (1923) was of the same opinion. Both genera - Valanga and Patanga are distributed in the Oriental Region, Australia and Oceania. Study of external characters (lám. I, figs. 6-9) and phallic complex of the genera Cyrtacanthacris, Nomadacris., Patanga, Austracris and Valanga show that generic characters such as shape of pronotum, shape and inclination of the prosternal process, structure of cerci and subgenital plate, cannot be used for differentiation of the genera. They vary in all genera and can be used only at the specific level. The phallic complex (figs. 1-5) heilig a good character for differen- tiating species, cannot be grouped into the genera. The general struc- ture of the ectophallus and endophallus is essentially the same, but secondary characters are different in every species (figs. 1-5). It is proposed therefore the following arrangement : Cyrtacanthacris Walker, 1870. Valanga Uvarov, 1923, Syn. nov. Patanga Uvarov, 1923, Syn. nov. Austracris Uvarov, 1923, Syn. nov. Nomadacris Uvarov, 1923, Syn. nov. Type species : Gryllus (Locusta) tataricus Linnaeus, 1758. Below an alphabetical list of 36 species in their new combinations is presented. The validity of many species is doubtful and they can be established only after an extensive revision of the genus. The subspecies, which are particularly numerous in the former genera Valanga and Austracris, are here disregarded. Their syste- matic status can be determined with certainty only after a revision of the genus with particular attention to the structure of the genitalia. THE SPECIES AND SYNONYMY OF TH E GENUS «CYRTACANTHACRIS » 39 1. Cyrtacanthacris aeruginosa (Stoll, 1813). Gryllus (Locusta) aeruginosus Stoll, 1813. Representations ... des Phasmes, Mantes, Sauterelles, Grillons, Criquets et Blattes ... du monde. Acri- didae; Amsterdam, t. XLII, pág. 30. Cyrtacanthacris variegata Walker, 1870: 557 (Uvarov, 1924: 98). Cyrtacanthacris flavescens Walker, 1870: 561 (Uvarov, 1924: 98). Acridium hottentotum Stäl, 1873: 62 (Uvarov, 1924: 99). Acridium walkeri Finot, 1907: 264 (Uvarov, 1924: 100). Ac Apd Cv Eid E Fig. 1.—Phallic complex of Cyrtacanthacris assectator (Fischer von Waldheim) : A) view from aboye, epiphallus and most part of ectophallic membrane removed ; B) the same, lateral view ; C) endophallus, lateral view ; D) epiphallus, lophi in vertical position ; E) the same but lophi in horizontal position. Symbols : Ac, arch of cingulum; Ap, apical valves of penis ; Apd, apodemes of cingulum ; Bp, basal valve of penis ; Cv, valve of cingulum ; Ects, ectophallic sclerotization; Ejd, ejaculatory duct ; Ejs, ejaculatory sac ; km, ramus of cingulum
Load more

Recommended publications
  • Comparative Study on the Various Species of Locusts with Special
    Journal of Entomology and Zoology Studies 2016; 4(6): 38-45 E-ISSN: 2320-7078 P-ISSN: 2349-6800 Comparative study on the various species of locusts JEZS 2016; 4(6): 38-45 © 2016 JEZS with special reference to its population fluctuation Received: 07-09-2016 Accepted: 08-10-2016 from Thar Desert, Sindh Ahmed Ali Samejo Department of Zoology, University of Sindh, Jamshoro- Ahmed Ali Samejo and Riffat Sultana Pakistan Abstract Riffat Sultana Thar Desert is most favorable for life of human throughout the deserts of the world. It is rain fed land, Department of Zoology, some patches are cultivated by farmers in the form of fields for producing sources of economy, other University of Sindh, Jamshoro- Pakistan large part of desert remains untouched for natural vegetation for livestock, but unfortunately little yield of desert is also affected by variety of insect including locusts. During present study four species of locusts; belonging to four genera Anacridium, Cyrtacanthacris, Locusta and Schistocerca, two subfamilies Cyrtacanthacridinae and Oedipodenae and one family Acrididae were reported from Thar Desert from June 2015 to May 2016. Comparative study revealed that two species Schistocerca gregaria and Locusta migratoria are swarming and destructive while, Anacridium aegyptium and Cyrtacanthacridinae tatarica are non-swarming but are larger in body size and graze more vegetation than both swarming species. Though these four species have ecological and morphological difference but the nature of damage is almost similar. All these species were recorded as pest of foliage of all crops and natural vegetation. Keywords: Comparative morphology, geographic distribution, locusts, Thar Desert, damage to useful plants 1.
    [Show full text]
  • Locusts in Queensland
    LOCUSTS Locusts in Queensland PEST STATUS REVIEW SERIES – LAND PROTECTION by C.S. Walton L. Hardwick J. Hanson Acknowledgements The authors wish to thank the many people who provided information for this assessment. Clyde McGaw, Kevin Strong and David Hunter, from the Australian Plague Locust Commission, are also thanked for the editorial review of drafts of the document. Cover design: Sonia Jordan Photographic credits: Natural Resources and Mines staff ISBN 0 7345 2453 6 QNRM03033 Published by the Department of Natural Resources and Mines, Qld. February 2003 Information in this document may be copied for personal use or published for educational purposes, provided that any extracts are fully acknowledged. Land Protection Department of Natural Resources and Mines GPO Box 2454, Brisbane Q 4000 #16401 02/03 Contents 1.0 Summary ................................................................................................................... 1 2.0 Taxonomy.................................................................................................................. 2 3.0 History ....................................................................................................................... 3 3.1 Outbreaks across Australia ........................................................................................ 3 3.2 Outbreaks in Queensland........................................................................................... 3 4.0 Current and predicted distribution ........................................................................
    [Show full text]
  • An Inventory of Short Horn Grasshoppers in the Menoua Division, West Region of Cameroon
    AGRICULTURE AND BIOLOGY JOURNAL OF NORTH AMERICA ISSN Print: 2151-7517, ISSN Online: 2151-7525, doi:10.5251/abjna.2013.4.3.291.299 © 2013, ScienceHuβ, http://www.scihub.org/ABJNA An inventory of short horn grasshoppers in the Menoua Division, West Region of Cameroon Seino RA1, Dongmo TI1, Ghogomu RT2, Kekeunou S3, Chifon RN1, Manjeli Y4 1Laboratory of Applied Ecology (LABEA), Department of Animal Biology, Faculty of Science, University of Dschang, P.O. Box 353 Dschang, Cameroon, 2Department of Plant Protection, Faculty of Agriculture and Agronomic Sciences (FASA), University of Dschang, P.O. Box 222, Dschang, Cameroon. 3 Département de Biologie et Physiologie Animale, Faculté des Sciences, Université de Yaoundé 1, Cameroun 4 Department of Biotechnology and Animal Production, Faculty of Agriculture and Agronomic Sciences (FASA), University of Dschang, P.O. Box 222, Dschang, Cameroon. ABSTRACT The present study was carried out as a first documentation of short horn grasshoppers in the Menoua Division of Cameroon. A total of 1587 specimens were collected from six sites i.e. Dschang (265), Fokoue (253), Fongo – Tongo (267), Nkong – Ni (271), Penka Michel (268) and Santchou (263). Identification of these grasshoppers showed 28 species that included 22 Acrididae and 6 Pyrgomorphidae. The Acrididae belonged to 8 subfamilies (Acridinae, Catantopinae, Cyrtacanthacridinae, Eyprepocnemidinae, Oedipodinae, Oxyinae, Spathosterninae and Tropidopolinae) while the Pyrgomorphidae belonged to only one subfamily (Pyrgomorphinae). The Catantopinae (Acrididae) showed the highest number of species while Oxyinae, Spathosterninae and Tropidopolinae showed only one species each. Ten Acrididae species (Acanthacris ruficornis, Anacatantops sp, Catantops melanostictus, Coryphosima stenoptera, Cyrtacanthacris aeruginosa, Eyprepocnemis noxia, Gastrimargus africanus, Heteropternis sp, Ornithacris turbida, and Trilophidia conturbata ) and one Pyrgomorphidae (Zonocerus variegatus) were collected in all the six sites.
    [Show full text]
  • Development of Encyclopedia Boyong Sleman Insekta River As Alternative Learning Resources
    PROC. INTERNAT. CONF. SCI. ENGIN. ISSN 2597-5250 Volume 3, April 2020 | Pages: 629-634 E-ISSN 2598-232X Development of Encyclopedia Boyong Sleman Insekta River as Alternative Learning Resources Rini Dita Fitriani*, Sulistiyawati Biological Education Faculty of Science and Technology, UIN Sunan Kalijaga Jl. Marsda Adisucipto Yogyakarta, Indonesia Email*: [email protected] Abstract. This study aims to determine the types of insects Coleoptera, Hemiptera, Odonata, Orthoptera and Lepidoptera in the Boyong River, Sleman Regency, Yogyakarta, to develop the Encyclopedia of the Boyong River Insect and to determine the quality of the encyclopedia developed. The method used in the research inventory of the types of insects Coleoptera, Hemiptera, Odonata, Orthoptera and Lepidoptera insects in the Boyong River survey method with the results of the study found 46 species of insects consisting of 2 Coleoptera Orders, 2 Hemiptera Orders, 18 orders of Lepidoptera in Boyong River survey method with the results of the research found 46 species of insects consisting of 2 Coleoptera Orders, 2 Hemiptera Orders, 18 orders of Lepidoptera in Boyong River survey method. odonata, 4 Orthopterous Orders and 20 Lepidopterous Orders from 15 families. The encyclopedia that was developed was created using the Adobe Indesig application which was developed in printed form. Testing the quality of the encyclopedia uses a checklist questionnaire and the results of the percentage of ideals from material experts are 91.1% with very good categories, 91.7% of media experts with very good categories, peer reviewers 92.27% with very good categories, biology teachers 88, 53% with a very good category and students 89.8% with a very good category.
    [Show full text]
  • Forestry Department Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations
    Forestry Department Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations Forest Health & Biosecurity Working Papers OVERVIEW OF FOREST PESTS INDONESIA January 2007 Forest Resources Development Service Working Paper FBS/19E Forest Management Division FAO, Rome, Italy Forestry Department Overview of forest pests - Indonesia DISCLAIMER The aim of this document is to give an overview of the forest pest1 situation in Indonesia. It is not intended to be a comprehensive review. The designations employed and the presentation of material in this publication do not imply the expression of any opinion whatsoever on the part of the Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations concerning the legal status of any country, territory, city or area or of its authorities, or concerning the delimitation of its frontiers or boundaries. © FAO 2007 1 Pest: Any species, strain or biotype of plant, animal or pathogenic agent injurious to plants or plant products (FAO, 2004). ii Overview of forest pests - Indonesia TABLE OF CONTENTS Introduction..................................................................................................................... 1 Forest pests...................................................................................................................... 1 Naturally regenerating forests..................................................................................... 1 Insects ..................................................................................................................... 1 Diseases..................................................................................................................
    [Show full text]
  • Endemic Species of Christmas Island, Indian Ocean D.J
    RECORDS OF THE WESTERN AUSTRALIAN MUSEUM 34 055–114 (2019) DOI: 10.18195/issn.0312-3162.34(2).2019.055-114 Endemic species of Christmas Island, Indian Ocean D.J. James1, P.T. Green2, W.F. Humphreys3,4 and J.C.Z. Woinarski5 1 73 Pozieres Ave, Milperra, New South Wales 2214, Australia. 2 Department of Ecology, Environment and Evolution, La Trobe University, Melbourne, Victoria 3083, Australia. 3 Western Australian Museum, Locked Bag 49, Welshpool DC, Western Australia 6986, Australia. 4 School of Biological Sciences, The University of Western Australia, 35 Stirling Highway, Crawley, Western Australia 6009, Australia. 5 NESP Threatened Species Recovery Hub, Charles Darwin University, Casuarina, Northern Territory 0909, Australia, Corresponding author: [email protected] ABSTRACT – Many oceanic islands have high levels of endemism, but also high rates of extinction, such that island species constitute a markedly disproportionate share of the world’s extinctions. One important foundation for the conservation of biodiversity on islands is an inventory of endemic species. In the absence of a comprehensive inventory, conservation effort often defaults to a focus on the better-known and more conspicuous species (typically mammals and birds). Although this component of island biota often needs such conservation attention, such focus may mean that less conspicuous endemic species (especially invertebrates) are neglected and suffer high rates of loss. In this paper, we review the available literature and online resources to compile a list of endemic species that is as comprehensive as possible for the 137 km2 oceanic Christmas Island, an Australian territory in the north-eastern Indian Ocean.
    [Show full text]
  • F for Market Access on Pineapple
    MINISTRY OF AGRICULTURE AND AGRO-BASED INDUSTRY MALAYSIA KUALA LUMPUR MALAYSIA FFFOOORRR MMMAAARRRKKKEEETTT AAACCCCCCEEESSSSSS OOONNN PPPIIINNNEEEAAAPPPPPPLLLEEE (((AAAnnnaaannnaaasss cccooommmooosssuuusss))) CROP PROTECTION AND PLANT QUARANTINE SERVICES DIVISION DEPARTMENT OF AGRICULTURE KUALA LUMPUR MALAYSIA T e c h n i c a l D o 2 c 0 u 0 m 4 e nt For Market Access On Pineapple i ACKNOWLEDGEMENT Ms. Asna Booty Othman, Director, Crop Protection and Plant Quarantine Services Division, Department of Agriculture Malaysia, wishes to extend her appreciation and gratitude to the following for their contribution, assistance and cooperation in the preparation of this Technical Document For Market Access on Pineapple:- Mr. Muhamad Hj. Omar, Assistant Director, Phytosanitary and Export Control Section, Crop Protection and Plant Quarantine Services Division, Department of Agriculture Malaysia; Ms. Nuraizah Hashim, Agriculture Officer, Phytosanitary and Export Control Section, Crop Protection and Plant Quarantine Services Division, Department of Agriculture Malaysia; Mr. Yusof Othman, Agriculture Officer, Insects Section, Crop Protection and Plant Quarantine Services Division, Department of Agriculture Malaysia; Ms. Nurazarina Dato’ Abu Bakar, Agriculture Officer, Disease Section, Crop Protection and Plant Quarantine Services Division, Department of Agriculture Malaysia; Ms. Norma Othman, Assistant Director, Fruit Division, Department of Agriculture Malaysia; Appreciation is also extended to Y. Bhg. Dato’ Ismail Ibrahim, Director-General of Agriculture,
    [Show full text]
  • Morphology and Development of Oocyte and Follicle Resorption Bodies in the Lubber Grasshopper, Romalea Microptera (Beauvois)
    S.V. SUNDBERG, M.H. LUONG-SKOVMANDJournal of Orthoptera AND D.W. Research, WHITMAN June 2001, 10 (1): 39-5139 Morphology and development of oocyte and follicle resorption bodies in the Lubber grasshopper, Romalea microptera (Beauvois) STEVEN V. SUNDBERG, MY HANH LUONG-SKOVMAND AND DOUGLAS W. WHITMAN [SVS, DWW] Behavior, Ecology, Evolution, & Systematic Section, 4120 Department of Biological Sciences, Illinois State University, Normal, IL 61790-4120, USA e-mail: [email protected] [MHLS] CIRAD, Centre de Cooperation Internationale en Recherche Agronomique pour le Developpement (Prifas) BP 5035 - 34032 Montpellier cedex 1 - France e-mail: [email protected] Abstract We describe the development and appearance of Follicle Resorption ovocyte, produisent un corps de régression de couleur jaune orangé. Bodies (FRBs) and Oocyte Resorption Bodies (ORBs) in the Le nombre de traces de ponte est égal au nombre d’oeufs pondus et grasshopper Romalea microptera (= guttata), and demonstrate that le nombre de corps de régression au nombre d’ovocytes ayant these structures can be used to determine the past ovipositional and régressé. Les R. microptera en bonne santé et nourris en abondance environmental history of females. In R. microptera, one resorption résorbent environ le quart de leur ovocytes en croissance. La privation body is deposited at the base of each ovariole following each de nourriture ou le stress physiologique entrainent une gonotropic cycle. These structures are semi-permanent, and remain augmentation du taux de régression ovocytaire et par conséquent distinct for at least 8 wks and two additional ovipositions. Ovarioles du nombre de corps de régression (ORB). Si l’on compte les traces that ovulate a mature, healthy oocyte, produce a cream-colored de ponte et les corps de régression dans chaque ovariole, on obtient FRB.
    [Show full text]
  • Terrestrial Arthropod Surveys on Pagan Island, Northern Marianas
    Terrestrial Arthropod Surveys on Pagan Island, Northern Marianas Neal L. Evenhuis, Lucius G. Eldredge, Keith T. Arakaki, Darcy Oishi, Janis N. Garcia & William P. Haines Pacific Biological Survey, Bishop Museum, Honolulu, Hawaii 96817 Final Report November 2010 Prepared for: U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service, Pacific Islands Fish & Wildlife Office Honolulu, Hawaii Evenhuis et al. — Pagan Island Arthropod Survey 2 BISHOP MUSEUM The State Museum of Natural and Cultural History 1525 Bernice Street Honolulu, Hawai’i 96817–2704, USA Copyright© 2010 Bishop Museum All Rights Reserved Printed in the United States of America Contribution No. 2010-015 to the Pacific Biological Survey Evenhuis et al. — Pagan Island Arthropod Survey 3 TABLE OF CONTENTS Executive Summary ......................................................................................................... 5 Background ..................................................................................................................... 7 General History .............................................................................................................. 10 Previous Expeditions to Pagan Surveying Terrestrial Arthropods ................................ 12 Current Survey and List of Collecting Sites .................................................................. 18 Sampling Methods ......................................................................................................... 25 Survey Results ..............................................................................................................
    [Show full text]
  • Acridoidea and Related Orthoptera (Grasshoppers) of Micronesia
    Micronesica 30(1): 127-168, 1997 Acridoidea and Related Orthoptera (Grasshoppers) of Micronesia D. KEITH McE. KEvAN, VERNON R. VICKERY 1 AND MARY-LYNN ENGLISH Lyman Entomological Museum and Department of Entomology, McGill University, Macdonald Campus, 21111 Lakeshore Road, Ste-Anne-de-Bellevue, QC, Canada, H9X 3V9. Abstract-The species of grasshoppers of the superfamilies Acridoidea, Tetrigoidea, and Tridactyloidea of Micronesia are discussed with com­ plete data on Micronesian distribution. Two new species of Tetrigidae, Carolinotettix palauensis and Hydrotettix carolinensis, are described. Introduction Preliminary studies towards this contribution to our knowledge of the or­ thopteroid fauna of Micronesia are in an unpublished thesis by the third author (English 1978). Over the years, a considerable amount of additional information has been accumulated and two relevant papers published by the first author. In ad­ dition, there is a paper by the first author, in press, that deals with non-saltatorial orthopteroids. The first of the above publications (Kevan 1987) gives a preliminary survey of virtually all of the saltatorial orthopteroids (grigs) known to occur in Micronesia, as well as defining the limits of the region and giving a brief review of the relevant literature on the insects concerned. It also discusses some important points relating to the nomenclature of some of them. The second publication (Kevan 1990) is concerned with the same groups of insects, but confines its attention, more or less, to known or suspected introduced species (including Acridoidea) and their probable origins. A few non-saltatorial or­ thopteroids are also mentioned in passing. 2 Another paper (Kevan unpublished ) deals very fully with all groups of or­ thopteroids other than members of the saltatorial orders (termites and earwigs in­ cluded), mainly as recorded in the literature, which is extensively reviewed.
    [Show full text]
  • Current Knowledge of the Entomopathogenic Fungal Species Metarhizium flavoviride Sensu Lato and Its Potential in Sustainable Pest Control
    insects Review Current Knowledge of the Entomopathogenic Fungal Species Metarhizium flavoviride Sensu Lato and Its Potential in Sustainable Pest Control Franciska Tóthné Bogdányi 1 , Renáta Petrikovszki 2 , Adalbert Balog 3, Barna Putnoky-Csicsó 3, Anita Gódor 2,János Bálint 3,* and Ferenc Tóth 2,* 1 FKF Nonprofit Zrt., Alföldi str. 7, 1081 Budapest, Hungary; [email protected] 2 Plant Protection Institute, Faculty of Agricultural and Environmental Sciences, Szent István University, Páter Károly srt. 1, 2100 Gödöll˝o,Hungary; [email protected] (R.P.); [email protected] (A.G.) 3 Department of Horticulture, Faculty of Technical and Human Sciences, Sapientia Hungarian University of Transylvania, Allea Sighis, oarei 1C, 540485 Targu Mures/Corunca, Romania; [email protected] (A.B.); [email protected] (B.P.-C.) * Correspondence: [email protected] (J.B.); [email protected] (F.T.); Tel.: +40-744-782-982 (J.B.); +36-30-5551-255 (F.T.) Received: 17 July 2019; Accepted: 31 October 2019; Published: 2 November 2019 Abstract: Fungal entomopathogens are gaining increasing attention as alternatives to chemical control of arthropod pests, and the literature on their use under different conditions and against different species keeps expanding. Our review compiles information regarding the entomopathogenic fungal species Metarhizium flavoviride (Gams and Rozsypal 1956) (Hypocreales: Clavicipitaceae) and gives account of the natural occurrences and target arthropods that can be controlled using M. flavoviride. Taxonomic problems around M. flavoviride species sensu lato are explained. Bioassays, laboratory and field studies examining the effect of fermentation, culture regimes and formulation are compiled along with studies on the effect of the fungus on target and non-target organisms and presenting the effect of management practices on the use of the fungus.
    [Show full text]
  • Song Dissertation
    SYSTEMATICS OF CYRTACANTHACRIDINAE (ORTHOPTERA: ACRIDIDAE) WITH A FOCUS ON THE GENUS SCHISTOCERCA STÅL 1873: EVOLUTION OF LOCUST PHASE POLYPHENISM AND STUDY OF INSECT GENITALIA DISSERTATION Presented in Partial Fulfillment of the Requirements for the Degree Doctor of Philosophy in the Graduate School of The Ohio State University By Hojun Song, M.S. ***** The Ohio State University 2006 Dissertation Committee: Approved by Dr. John W. Wenzel, Advisor Dr. Norman F. Johnson ______________________________ Dr. Johannes S. H. Klompen Advisor Graduate Program in Entomology Copyright by Hojun Song 2006 ABSTRACT The systematics of Cyrtacanthacridinae (Orthoptera: Acrididae) is investigated to study the evolution of locust phase polyphenism, biogeography, and the evolution of male genitalia. In Chapter Two, I present a comprehensive taxonomic synopsis of the genus Schistocerca Stål. I review the taxonomic history, include an identification key to species, revise the species concepts of six species and describe a new species. In Chapter Three, I present a morphological phylogeny of Schistocerca, focusing on the biogeography. The phylogeny places the desert locust S. gregaria deep within the New World clade, suggesting that the desert locust originated from the New World. In Chapter Four, I review the systematics of Cyrtacanthacridinae and present a phylogeny based on morphology. Evolution of taxonomically important characters is investigated using a character optimization analysis. The biogeography of the subfamily is also addressed. In Chapter Five, I present a comprehensive review the recent advances in the study of locust phase polyphenism from various disciplines. The review reveals that locust phase polyphenism is a complex phenomenon consisting of numerous density-dependent phenotypically plastic traits.
    [Show full text]