Talison Minerals
FLORA & VEGETATION SURVEY
Greenbushes Mining Leases
February 2012
Document Status Rev Authors Reviewer/s Date Approved for Issue No. Name Distributed To Date 1 D.Brearley, D.Brearley 01/02/12 D.Brearley S.Green, 12/02/12 J.Waters L.Perezin
Onshore Environmental Consultants Pty Ltd ACN 095 837 120 PO Box 227 YALLINGUP WA 6282 Telephone / Fax (08) 9756 6206 E-mail: [email protected]
COPYRIGHT: The concepts and information contained in this document are the property of Onshore Environmental Consultants Pty Ltd. Use or copying of this document in whole or in part without the written permission of Onshore Environmental Consultants Pty Ltd constitutes an infringement of copyright. DISCLAIMER: This report has been undertaken solely for Talison Minerals PL. No responsibility is accepted to any third party who may come into possession of this report in whatever manner and who may use or rely on the whole or any part of this report. If any such third party attempts to rely on any information contained in this report such party should obtain independent advice in relation to such information. Flora & Vegetation Assessment Greenbushes Study Area EXECUTIVE SUMMARY
In October 2011 Onshore Environmental Pty Ltd (Onshore Environmental) was commissioned by Talison Minerals Pty Ltd (Talison) to undertake a Level 2 flora and vegetation survey of the Greenbushes mining leases (the Study area), located approximately 250 km south of Perth in south-west Western Australia.
The assessment included a review of previous survey work completed within and immediately adjacent to the Study area, along with a comprehensive flora and vegetation survey. The vegetation of the Study area was described and mapped, and targeted searches for significant flora and introduced (weed) species were completed.
A total number of 368 plant taxa (including varieties and subspecies) from 73 families and 208 genera were recorded from the Study area. Species representation was greatest among the Fabaceae, Poaceae, Myrtaceae, Malvaceae, Asteraceae, Orchidaceae, Cyperaceae, Proteaceae and Stylidiaceae families. The most speciose genus was Acacia (18 taxa), followed by Stylidium (10 taxa), Caladenia (7 taxa), Lepidosperma (6 taxa), Lomandra (6 taxa) and Hakea (6 taxa).
One plant taxon gazetted as Declared Rare Flora (DRF) pursuant to subsection (2) of section 23F of the Wildlife Conservation Act (1950) (WC Act) and listed as Vulnerable under the Commonwealth Environment Protection and Biodiversity Conservation Act 1999 (EPBC Act), was recorded from the Study area; Caladenia harringtoniae. Caladenia harringtoniae was recorded as 26 plants from an unincised drainage line / dampland in the south-west sector of the Study area. The vegetation association at this location was described as Eucalyptus marginata and Corymbia calophylla Forest over Xanthorrhoea preissii Open Scrub over Logania serpyllifolia subsp. angustifolia, Banksia dallanneyi and Bossiaea ornata Dwarf Scrub C. Despite extensive ground truthing of the Study area and targeted searches of similar habitat, no additional populations were recorded.
One currently listed Priority 3 flora was also recorded from the Study area; Tetratheca parvifolia. Tetratheca parvifolia was recorded from two locations within the north-west sector of the Study area. The first location supported scattered plants at an estimated density of 5 plants / 10m2, with the second location being a single plant. Tetratheca parvifolia occurred on hill slopes supporting Corymbia calophylla Open Low Woodland over Leptospermum erubescens, Xanthorrhoea preissii and Allocasuarina humilis Heath A over Babingtonia camphorosmae, Banksia dallanneyi and Leucopogon capilletallus Low Heath C.
A total of 86 introduced species were recorded within the Study area, of which three taxa are Declared Plants under the Agriculture and Related Resources Act 1976; *Asparagus asparagoides (Bridal Creeper), *Galium aparine (Goosegrass) and *Rubus ulmifolius (Blackberry).
A total of eight vegetation associations were described and mapped from the Study area. These associations were classified into four broad floristic formations according to dominant vegetation strata. Extensive field assessment confirmed there were no Threatened Ecological Communities (TECs) or Priority Ecological Communities (PECs) represented within the Study area.
i Flora & Vegetation Assessment Greenbushes Study Area TABLE OF CONTENTS
EXECUTIVE SUMMARY ...... i TABLE OF CONTENTS ...... ii 1.0 INTRODUCTION ...... 1 1.1 Preamble ...... 1 1.2 Previous Surveys ...... 1 1.3 Climate ...... 4 1.4 Biogeographic Regions ...... 5 1.5 Land Use ...... 5 1.5.1 Agriculture and Associated Industry ...... 5 1.5.2 Mining ...... 5 1.5.3 Tourism ...... 6 1.6 Landforms, Soils and Geology ...... 6 1.7 Flora and Vegetation ...... 7 2.0 METHODOLOGY ...... 8 2.1 Legislation and Guidance Statements ...... 8 2.2 Desktop Searches ...... 8 2.3 Review of Nomenclature ...... 8 2.4 Field Survey Methodology ...... 9 2.4.1 Timing and Personnel ...... 9 2.4.2 Sampling of Study Sites ...... 9 2.4.3 Targeted Surveys for Conservation Significant Species ...... 9 2.4.4 Weed Survey and Mapping ...... 10 2.4.5 Vegetation Association Mapping ...... 10 2.4.6 Vouchering ...... 10 2.4.7 Field Survey Constraints ...... 10 2.4.8 Assessment of Conservation Significance ...... 11 3.0 RESULTS ...... 13 3.1 Desktop Review ...... 13 3.1.1 Previous Flora Surveys within the Study Area ...... 13 3.1.2 Threatened Flora listed under the Commonwealth Environment Protection and Biodiversity Conservation Act (EPBC Act) ...... 16 3.1.3 Declared Rare and Threatened Flora listed under the WA Wildlife Conservation (Rare Flora) Notice 2010 ...... 16 3.1.4 Priority Flora Recognised by the DEC...... 16 3.1.5 Threatened Ecological Communities (TEC’s) listed under State and Federal legislation ...... 16 3.1.6 Priority Ecological Communities (PEC’s) recognised by DEC ...... 17 3.2 Flora Species ...... 17 3.3 Conservation Significant Flora Species ...... 18 3.3.1 Declared Rare and EPBC Act Listed Flora ...... 18 3.3.2 Priority Flora ...... 19 3.4 Introduced Flora ...... 22 3.5 Threatened & Priority Ecological Communities ...... 24 3.6 Vegetation ...... 24 3.7 Vegetation Condition ...... 30 4.0 STUDY TEAM ...... 32 5.0 REFERENCES ...... 33
ii Flora & Vegetation Assessment Greenbushes Study Area
LIST OF APPENDICES APPENDIX 1 Vegetation Classification used for the Flora and Vegetation Survey (Muir 1997). 35 APPENDIX 2 Vegetation condition scale (as developed by Keighery 1994)...... 36 APPENDIX 3 Conservation categories for flora described under the EPBC Act...... 36 APPENDIX 4 Conservation Codes for Western Australian Flora...... 37 APPENDIX 5 Total flora list for the Study area...... 38 APPENDIX 6 Site sheets for the 26 quadrats formally assessed within the Study area, October 2011...... 50
LIST OF TABLES Table 1 Relevance of constraints, as identified by EPA (2004), to the Greenbushes flora and vegetation survey...... 10 Table 2 Results from flora and vegetation surveys previously completed within, or in close proximity to, the Study area...... 15 TABLE 3: Priority flora previously recorded within a 20 km radius of the Study area. .... 16 Table 4 Statistics for total flora recorded from the Study area...... 17 Table 5 Introduced (weed) species recorded from the Study area...... 22 Table 6 Vegetation descriptions for eight vegetation associations mapped within the Study area...... 25
LIST OF FIGURES Figure 1 Location of the Greenbushes Mine...... 2 Figure 2 Mining leases associated with the Study area...... 3 Figure 3 Climatic data for Greenbushes with monthly rainfall figures for the 12 months prior to the field survey in October 2011. Rainfall data is from the Greenbushes Weather Station and temperature data from the Bridgetown Weather Station (Bureau of Meteorology 2012)...... 4 Figure 4 Distribution of significant flora within the Study area...... 20 Figure 5 Distribution of the 26 Caladenia harringtoniae plants recorded within the south-west sector of the Study area...... 21 Figure 6 Vegetation map of the Study area...... 29 Figure 7 Vegetation condition map of the Study area...... 31
iii Flora & Vegetation Assessment Greenbushes Study Area 1.0 INTRODUCTION 1.1 Preamble
Talison is a Western Australian mining company with operations based at Greenbushes in the south-west, and Wodgina in the Pilbara. The Greenbushes Mine is located approximately 250 km south of Perth and 80 km south-east of the port of Bunbury (Figure 1). The site comprises a number of open cut mining operations for tantalum, tin and spodumene (lithium). An underground tantalum operation has also been developed but is currently under care and maintenenace. The Greenbushes pegmatitie is the world's largest hard rock tantalum resource and the largest and highest grade lithium minerals resource in the world. Minerals produced at Talison Greenbushes can be found in many different applications including mobile phones, computers, surgical implants, electronic devices, the aerospace industry (tantalum) and glassware, ceramics and batteries (lithium).
Onshore Environmental was commissioned by Talison to undertake a Level 2 flora and vegetation survey of ten mining leases (M01/2 to M01/11) that surround the existing Greenbushes mining operations totaling 10,059.82 ha (the Study area) (Figure 2). The Study area encompasses the current active mine site as well as large areas surrounding the mine which incorporate State Forest, privately owned farmland, plantation timber, and the Greenbushes townsite. The majority of historical mine workings in these outlying areas have been rehabilitated.
The aim of the project was to provide baseline flora and vegetation information for the Study area and identify any flora of conservation significance. The assessment included a desktop and literature review of previous survey work, followed by field survey to describe and map vegetation associations present. There was also targeted field searches completed for significant flora and introduced (weed) species. 1.2 Previous Surveys
There have been three previous flora and vegetation surveys undertaken within the current Study area. These surveys are listed below and described in more detail in Section 3.1.1. • Trudgen and Morgan (1991) A Flora and Vegetation Survey of part of the Greenbushes Leases; • Onshore Environmental Consultants (2006) Flora and Vegetation Survey Greenbushes Mine Site: Vegetation surrounding south east corner of the TSF; and • AECOM Australia Pty Ltd (2010) Bridgetown RWSS Pipelines Millstream Dam to Greenbushes Link Biological Survey.
1 340000 350000 360000 370000 380000 390000 400000 410000 420000 430000
BROOME
PORT HEDLAND KARRATHA
NEWMAN 6290000 6290000
PERTH MAP AREA
MAPSHEET OVERVIEW 6280000 6280000 6270000 6270000 6260000 6260000
Greenbushes Site Location 6250000 6250000 6240000 6240000
340000 350000 360000 370000 380000 390000 400000 410000 420000 430000 Legend TALISON Talison DEC Active Mining Location
0512.5 0 TALISON MINESITE LOCATION 2 Epacris Elbow Pelican Point ONSHORE ENVIRONMENTAL Date: 8 Feb. 2012 Kilometers 1:250,000 Figure 1. Bunbury WA 6230 Sheet Size: A3 Status: FINAL [email protected] Datum: GDA94 Drawn by Requested by GSM Reference +61 (0) 8 9725 3213 GSM DB FIG 1 Projection: MGA Zone 50 408000 411000 414000 417000
BROOME
PORT HEDLAND KARRATHA
NEWMAN
PERTH MAP AREA 6261000 6261000 MAPSHEET OVERVIEW 6258000 6258000
M 01/5 M 01/4 M 01/9 M 01/8 M 01/11
M 01/18 6255000 6255000
M 01/16 G 01/1 L 01/1 G 01/2
M 01/2 M 01/3 M 01/6 M 01/7 M 01/10 6252000 6252000
M 70/1187
M 70/765 6249000 6249000
6246000 408000 411000 414000 417000 6246000 TALISON Legend MINING LEASES ASSOCIATED Taison Active Mining Area WITH STUDY AREA Talison Tenements Figure 2. 2 Epacris Elbow Pelican Point 0250 500 1,000 1,500 2,000 2,500 3,000 Bunbury WA 6230 Meters ONSHORE ENVIRONMENTAL CONSULTANTS Date: 8 Feb 2012 [email protected] 1:50,000 Sheet Size: A3 Status: FS Datum: GDA94 +61 (0) 8 9725 3213 Drawn by Requested by Internal Reference Projection: MGA Zone 50 GSM DB Assoc. Mining Leases Flora & Vegetation Assessment Greenbushes Study Area
1.3 Climate
The Study area occurs on a boundary between the dry Mediterranean region to the north, with 5-6 dry months per year, and the moderate Mediterranean region to the south, with 3-4 dry months per year (Beard 1981). The area experiences cool wet winters and hot dry summers. Average annual rainfall for the town of Greenbushes is 900.9 mm (BOM 2012). The majority of the rainfall occurs in the winter months of June and July associated with cold fronts moving across the south-west of Western Australia.
The annual rainfall for the twelve month period prior to the October 2011 survey was 915.1 mm, which is slightly above the long term average. Above average monthly falls were recorded for the months of November 2010, and January, April, July August and September 2011. Monthly totals for February, March, May, June and October 2011 were below average (Figure 3).
200 35
180 Average Rainfall 30 160 2010/2011 Rainfall 140 25
120 20 100 15
Rainfall Rainfall (mm) 80
60 10 Temperature (degrees C)
40 5 20
0 0
Figure 3 Climatic data for Greenbushes with monthly rainfall figures for the 12 months prior to the field survey in October 2011. Rainfall data is from the Greenbushes Weather Station and temperature data from the Bridgetown Weather Station (Bureau of Meteorology 2012).
4 Flora & Vegetation Assessment Greenbushes Study Area
1.4 Biogeographic Regions
The Interim Biogeographic Regionalisation for Australia (IBRA) describes a system of 85 ‘biogeographic regions’ (bioregions) and 403 subregions covering the entire Australian continent (Thackway and Cresswell 1995). Bioregions are defined on the basis of climate, geology, landforms, vegetation and fauna. The Greenbushes Mine is located within the Southern Jarrah Forest (JF2) sub-region within the Jarrah Forest bioregion (Thackway and Cresswell 1995). The Jarrah Forest bioregion is described as: “Duricrusted plateau of Yilgarn Craton characterised by Jarrah-Marri forest on laterite gravels and, in the eastern part, by Marri-Wandoo woodlands on clayey soils. Eluvial and alluvial deposits support Agonis shrublands. In areas of Mesozoic sediments, Jarrah forests occur in a mosaic with a variety of species-rich shrublands. The climate is Warm Mediterranean.”
The vegetation of the Southern Jarrah Forest sub-region is described as Jarrah Marri Forests in the west with a gradual shift to Marri and Wandoo Woodlands in the east. Large areas of swamp dominated by Paperbarks and Swamp Yate are present within this sub-region, especially in the south-east. The total area of the sub-region is 3,160,122 ha. The Southern Jarrah Forests subregion supports a large number of rare and endemic plant species as well as rare birds, critical weight range mammals and rare frogs. Currently 54.7% of the sub-region is vested within conservation reserves. 1.5 Land Use
The major land uses within the Study area and the surrounding region are State Forest, water catchment (for residential use), residential, mining and agriculture. The Study area encompasses the Greenbushes townsite and is surrounded predominantly by State Forest with some privately owned farmland also represented. Nearby towns include Bridgetown (approximately 15 km to the south- east) and Balingup (approximately 10 km to the north-west). 1.5.1 Agriculture and Associated Industry Bridgetown is the oldest town in the south-west of Western Australia. It was first settled by sheep farmers E. Hester and John Blechyden in 1857. The Bridgetown Agricultural Society was formed in 1885 and by this time the area had a well- established agricultural industry, including sheep, cattle, dairy products, timber, fruit and nuts. In 1889 the railway line was extended to Bridgetown allowing the expansion of the fruit and timber markets. Many of these agricultural industries are still operational with wineries and olive farms also established in the area. Currently one of the largest employers in the area is the Blue Leaf Corporation, a timber milling company employing about 120 people. 1.5.2 Mining The Greenbushes Mine is situated on the oldest mining tenement in Western Australia and has a long history of mining activities dating back to 1888. Tin was first reported in 1886 in a Government geological survey and mining commenced in 1888. Since it was first discovered tin has been mined almost continuously in the Greenbushes area, although in recent years the lower tin prices and emergence of tantalum as the major revenue earner have relegated tin to the position of a by- product. The presence of tantalite was noted as far back as 1893 but at that time
5 Flora & Vegetation Assessment Greenbushes Study Area the mineral had no value in its own right and was seen as a nuisance because it downgraded the value of tin. Although open cut mining began to be practiced on a small scale in the 1900s much of the tin mined in the early years by small operators came from underground workings to access weathered pegmatite below the caprock. Shafts were blasted in the surface rock and tunnels dug out into the tin bearing alluvium. The dirt was hauled to the surface and stockpiled during the summer months then puddled and sluiced in winter when there was an abundance of water. Tin mining continued more or less as a cottage industry under the control of many small mining companies up to the early 1960s when, for the first time, a major mining company became involved in the tinfields.
For several years a dredge was used to recover surface deposits of tin and tantalum. By 1970 alluvial resources were dwindling and it was necessary to increase exploration activity. As a direct result of this work development of the weathered pegmatite commenced in 1974. This tin/tantalum source sustained the operation until 1992. Small parcels of tantalite were sold occasionally, but it was not until 1944, when war had stimulated interest in the element tantalite, that the mineral began to be produced steadily for use in telecommunications, electronics and radar equipment. Spodumene, the major lithium mineral, was first identified by the Western Australian Government Survey in 1949 from a specimen collected in 1928 which was initially thought to be feldspar. During the extensive diamond drilling programme for tantalum that took place between 1977 and 1980, substantial spodumene rich zones were identified. Later drilling confirmed the existence of the richest spodumene ore body ever discovered, with resources sufficient to maintain production well into the 21st Century. However, being a new product, markets had to be developed, so it wasn't until 1983 that a mineral production plant was built at Greenbushes. The full potential for lithium products has yet to be realised. Lithium is used in the glass and ceramics industry as well as for hard discs in computers. It is currently exported to 30 countries.
1.5.3 Tourism Tourism is the other major industry in the area with the scenery, historical sites, wineries, and galleries serving as the major attractions. Events such as the annual Blues at Bridgetown Festival also draw large numbers of people to the area. 1.6 Landforms, Soils and Geology
Tille (1996) has mapped soils of the Wellington-Blackwood District, which includes the town sites of Greenbushes and Bridgetown on its southern boundary. The Study area occurs within the Hester Subsystem of the Darling Plateau System, and consists of undulating ridges and hill crests formed on laterite and gneiss which typically slope downwards off the main plateau into the surrounding Lowden Valleys System. The soils are mostly loamy gravels, sandy gravels and loamy earths.
In 2010 AECOM reviewed the Environmental Geology Series maps prepared by the Geological Survey of Western Australia (1980) for a nearby project area (described in more detail in Section 3.1.1). The geology of this project area was described as Archean granite of the Yilgarn Block and the soils of this area are listed below: • Bt - Shallow red and yellow earths and rock outcrops on slopes and narrow alluvial terraces; • Ba - Red and yellow earths, duplex soils on slopes, narrow alluvial terraces, swampy floors;
6 Flora & Vegetation Assessment Greenbushes Study Area
• G - Grey sands and some swamps; • Hr - Duricrust and gravels flanked by gravelly duplex soils; and • Cc - Yellow and duplex soils and red earths on slopes, and narrow alluvial terraces. 1.7 Flora and Vegetation
The Study area occurs in the Menzies Subdistrict of the Darling Botanical District, in the South-West Botanical Province (Beard 1981). The Menzies Subdistrict is characterised by Jarrah stands on laterite within some Marri and Wandoo woodlands. Valley soils are often richer and Blackbutt (Eucalyptus patens) is more dominant in these areas. River Gum (Eucalyptus rudis) is common along stream banks and Bullich (Eucalyptus megacarpa) is also present in some areas. Within the Study area vegetation is dominated by Jarrah (Eucalyptus marginata) and Marri (Corymbia calophylla) forest over the tall shrubs bull banksia (Banksia grandis) and snotty gobble (Persoonia longifolia). The lower understorey contains a range of plant genera including Hakea, Acacia, Xanthorrhoea, Adenanthos, Hovea, Leucopogon, Macrozamia, Leucopogon, Bossiaea, Daviesia, Grevillea, Patersonia, Styphelia and Kennedia.
7 Flora & Vegetation Assessment Greenbushes Study Area
2.0 METHODOLOGY 2.1 Legislation and Guidance Statements
The Greenbushes flora and vegetation survey was carried out in a manner that was compliant with Environmental Protection Authority (EPA) requirements for the environmental surveying and reporting of flora and vegetation in Western Australia: Environmental Protection of Native Vegetation in Western Australia: Clearing of Native Vegetation with Particular Reference to Agricultural Areas. Position Statement No. 2 (EPA 2000); Terrestrial Biological Surveys as an Element of Biodiversity Protection. Position Statement No. 3 (EPA 2002); and EPA Guidance for the Assessment of Environmental Factors: Terrestrial Flora and Vegetation Surveys for Environmental Impact Assessment in Western Australia No. 51 (EPA 2004).
The methodology used to undertake the flora and vegetation survey was also reviewed by the Department of Mines and Petroleum – Native Assessment Branch prior to commencement of field assessments commencing. 2.2 Desktop Searches
Three desktop searches were undertaken for information relating to rare flora, Threatened Ecological Communities (TECs) and Priority Ecological Communities (PECs) previously collected or described within, or in close proximity to, the Study area. The database search was extended beyond the immediate survey limits to place flora values into a local and regional context. A 20 km radius around the central point of the Study area was searched; 50H 414935E 6252738E (GDA94) (DEC 2011). The State database search investigated three DEC databases: 1. The DEC Threatened (Declared Rare) Flora Database; 2. The DEC Declared Rare and Priority Flora List; and 3. The Western Australian Herbarium Specimen Database for priority species opportunistically collected in the area of interest. A search of the EPBC Act Protected Matters database was undertaken (DSEWPAC 2011), as well as a search of the International Union for Conservation of Nature (IUCN) database (IUCN 2011). 2.3 Review of Nomenclature
The desktop review identified three previous flora and vegetation assessments as having been completed between 1991 and 2011 either within, or in close proximity to, the Greenbushes Study area (see Section 3.1.1). As part of the desktop review total flora lists for the three flora assessments were reviewed to ensure nomenclature was accurate, consistent and current.
8 Flora & Vegetation Assessment Greenbushes Study Area
2.4 Field Survey Methodology
2.4.1 Timing and Personnel The flora and vegetation survey was completed by three botanists from Onshore Environmental between the 13th and 21st October 2011; Dr Darren Brearley, Dr Jerome Bull and Ms Jessica Waters.
2.4.2 Sampling of Study Sites The field survey involved systematic sampling using quadrats (referred to as study sites) and transects which generally linked the quadrats. The study sites were generally 10 m by 10 m, or an equivalent area (100 m2) along narrow associations such as minor drainage lines. The area sampled for each study site is standard for the south-west. A total of 26 quadrats were formally assessed within the Study area.
The study sites were assessed to provide a comprehensive list of the total flora, and to allow for data to be collected on a range of environmental parameters including: Landform and habitat; Aspect; Soil colour and soil type; Rock type; Slope (angle); Percentage of bare ground, logs, twigs and leaves; Vegetation condition; Disturbance (caused by fire, clearing, grazing etc); Age since fire; Broad floristic formation; Vegetation association description; and Height and percentage ground cover provided by individual plant taxa.
Other parameters recorded for each study site were: Study site number and date of assessment; Names of the botanists undertaking the assessment; Location description and waypoint - GPS coordinate (GDA94) using a handheld GPS; and Photograph number.
2.4.3 Targeted Surveys for Conservation Significant Species Known locations for significant flora within the Study area were identified during desktop searches and the literature review. The exact locations of the previous records were re-visited in the field by Onshore Environmental to confirm the existence of these taxa and confirm numbers and the distribution.
The entire Greenbushes Study area was ground truthed at approximately 1 km intervals during the October 2011 survey to complete vegetation association mapping and record opportunistic locations for significant flora. This coverage also allowed for closer examination of specific landforms where significant flora may be expected to occur. These landforms included winter wet drainage lines and granite outcrops.
9 Flora & Vegetation Assessment Greenbushes Study Area
2.4.4 Weed Survey and Mapping Numerous locations for introduced (weed) species had previously been identified within the Study area. Additional opportunistic records for weed species were made while moving around the Study area, and targeted weed searches were completed in high moisture habitats including drainage lines and riparian features.
2.4.5 Vegetation Association Mapping The vegetation mapping utilised high-resolution aerial photography of the Greenbushes Study area at a scale of 1:20,000, with definition of vegetation polygons based on different shading patterns evident. The location of 26 quadrats and numerous releves assessed during the survey was overlayed on the aerial photography, and associated flora and vegetation data used to provide vegetation association descriptions for individual polygons defined.
Description of vegetation structure follows the height, life form and density classes of Muir (1977) (see Appendix 1). This is largely a structural classification suitable for broader scale mapping, but taking all ecologically significant strata into account. Vegetation condition for each of the sampling sites was determined using a recognised rating scale (based on Keighery 1994, see Appendix 2). 2.4.6 Vouchering Voucher specimens were collected to verify identifications where plant names could not be determined in the field. Specimen identifications were confirmed by Dr Jerome Bull and Dr Darren Brearley. Use was made of the Western Australian State Herbarium for confirmation of species identification. Nomenclature follows Green (1985 and 1987), Paczkowska and Chapman (2000) and the Western Australian Herbarium. 2.4.7 Field Survey Constraints The EPA Guidance Statement for Terrestrial Flora and Vegetation Surveys for Environmental Impact Assessment in Western Australia (EPA 2004) list twelve potential constraints that field surveys may encounter. These constraints are addressed in Table 1.
Table 1 Relevance of constraints, as identified by EPA (2004), to the Greenbushes flora and vegetation survey.
Constraint Relevance
Scope The scope complied with requirement under the relevant EPA Guidance Statements and was also reviewed by the Department of Minerals and Petroleum – Native Assessment Branch prior to commencement of field work. Proportion of flora It is anticipated that a large proportion of the flora present collected and identified within the Study area was collected during the survey. It is acknowledged that the Study area is large, however good coverage of the vegetation associations was made and the dominant associations were consistently represented across the larger Study area. Sources of information Three previous surveys had been undertaken from sub-areas within the Study area.
10 Flora & Vegetation Assessment Greenbushes Study Area
Constraint Relevance
The proportion of the A comprehensive desktop review of the previous survey work task achieved and completed within, and in close proximity to, the Study area was further work which undertaken, supported by a comprehensive field survey. All might be needed allocated tasks were achieved during the investigation and it is not anticipated that further work is needed at this site. Timing / weather / The survey took place at an optimum time of the year for the season / cycle region - Spring (October 2011), and during an above average rainfall year. The majority of species were flowering at the time of survey aiding in the collection and identification of flora present. Disturbances, e.g. fire, There were no disturbances encountered that impacted on the flood survey. Intensity A total of 26 quadrats and a number of releve plots were assessed within the Study area by Onshore Environmental. The survey provided good coverage over the Study area. Completeness This report has collated all previous and present flora data recorded within the Study area. It has been determined that relevant tasks related to assessing values relating to flora and vegetation within the Study area have been completed. Resources Appropriate resources were applied during the current survey. Access problems The entire Study area was able to be accessed by vehicle and on foot, noting that vegetation mapping was facilitated by high resolution aerial photography. Availability of Several flora and vegetation surveys have been completed within contextural information and in close proximity to the Study area providing an adequate local database. Experience levels The two Senior Botanists working on the Greenbushes survey have over 30 years of experience in the south-west between them.
2.4.8 Assessment of Conservation Significance The conservation significance of flora and ecological communities are classified on a Commonwealth, State and Local level on the basis of various Acts and Agreements (EPA Guidance Statement No. 51, EPA 2004). Commonwealth Level: Environment Protection and Biodiversity Conservation (EPBC) Act 1999: The Department of Sustainability, Environment, Water, Population and Communities (DSEWPaC)1 lists Threatened Flora and Ecological Communities, which are determined by the Threatened Species Scientific Committee according to criteria set out in the Act (DEWHA 2006). The Act lists flora that are considered to be of conservation significance under one of six categories (Appendix 3). State Level: Wildlife Conservation Act 1950: At a State level, native flora species are protected under the Wildlife Conservation Act 1950 - Wildlife Conservation (Rare Flora) Notice. A number of plant species are assigned an additional level
1 Department of Sustainability, Environment, Water, Population and Communities (DSEWPaC) was previously known as the Department of the Environment, Water, Heritage and the Arts (DEWHA)
11 Flora & Vegetation Assessment Greenbushes Study Area
of conservation significance based on a limited number of known populations and the perceived threats to these locations. Species of the highest conservation significance are gazetted Declared Rare Flora (DRF) under subsection 2 of section 23F of the Wildlife Conservation Act 1950. It is an offence to take or damage DRF without Ministerial approval. Section 23F of the Wildlife Conservation Act (1950) defines ‘to take’ as “to gather, pick, cut, pull up, destroy, dig up, remove or injure the flora or to cause or permit the same to be done by any means”. DEC Priority list: DEC produces a list of Priority species and ecological communities (PEC’s) that have not been assigned statutory protection under the Wildlife Conservation Act 1950. Priority Flora are under consideration for declaration as ‘Rare Flora’, classified as in urgent need of further survey (Priority One to Three) or require monitoring every 5-10 years (Priority Four, see Appendix 4). The list of Priority Ecological Communities identifies those that need further investigation before nomination for Threatened Ecological Community status. Local Level: Species may be considered of local conservation significance because of their patterns of distribution and abundance. Although not formally protected by legislation, such species are acknowledged to be in decline as a result of threatening processes, primarily habitat loss through land clearing.
12 Flora & Vegetation Assessment Greenbushes Study Area 3.0 RESULTS 3.1 Desktop Review
3.1.1 Previous Flora Surveys within the Study Area
The results from previous flora and vegetation surveys completed within, or in close proximity to, the Study area are presented in Table 2 and summarised below.
A Flora and Vegetation Survey of part of the Greenbushes Leases (Trudgen and Morgan 1991) In 1991 Trudgen and Morgan undertook a flora and vegetation survey over the south-east sector of the Greenbushes mining leases which were intended to be used for future storage of waste rock. The survey occurred over two days in April 1991 and a total of ten sites were assessed. A total of 91 plant taxa were recorded from the area. The most species rich families were Proteaceae (8 taxa), Mimosaceae (5 taxa), Papilionaceae (7 taxa), Myrtaceae (7 taxa), Epacridaceae (6 taxa) and Cyperaceae (5 taxa). No currently listed Declared Rare Flora (DRF) or Priority flora was recorded. However, three species deemed to be of significance at the time were identified; Pentapeltis silvatica, Xanthorrhoea ?gracilis and Grevillea sp. (BM 28). Pentapeltis silvatica was listed as DRF but is no longer listed as a species of conservation significance. The form of Xanthorrhoea ?gracilis found in this survey was considered to be different to the common Xanthorrhoea gracilis present over the larger area; it has been confirmed as the same taxon. The Grevillea sp. located during this survey could not be matched to specimens at the WA Herbarium at the time, but subsequent investigations have confirmed that it is not of conservation significance. The following four vegetation associations were described from the area assessed: 1. Eucalyptus marginata, Eucalyptus (now Corymbia) calyphylla, Open Forest over Bossiaea linophylla High Shrubland over Pteridium esculentum Open Heath on lateritic loamy sand on upper hill slopes; 2. Eucalyptus marginata, Eucalyptus (now Corymbia) calyphylla, Open Forest over Banksia grandis Low Woodland over Bossiaea ornata Low Shrubland; 3. Eucalyptus marginata, Eucalyptus (now Corymbia) calyphylla, Open Forest over Bossiaea ornata Low Open Heath in sandy loam and some clay; and 4. Eucalyptus rudis, Eucalyptus (now Corymbia) callophylla Open to Closed Forest in creeklines.
None of these vegetation associations are considered to be of conservation significance, being widely present over a large area of the Menzies Subdistrict.
Flora and Vegetation Survey of the Greenbushes Mine Site: Vegetation surrounding south-east corner of the TSF (Onshore Environmental Consultants 2006) Onshore Environmental was commissioned by Sons of Gwalia Ltd to undertake a survey of flora and vegetation surrounding the south-east corner of the tailings storage facility (TSF). A total number of 135 plant taxa (including varieties and subspecies) from 37 families and 97 genera were recorded from the survey in April 2006. Species representation was greatest among the Papilionaceae (17 taxa), Poaceae (11 taxa), Myrtaceae (9 taxa), Mimosaceae (9 taxa), Proteaceae (7 taxa), Cyperaceae (6 taxa), Epacridaceae (5 taxa), Asteraceae (5 taxa) and Haemodoraceae (5 taxa). No plant taxa gazetted as DRF pursuant to subsection (2)
13 Flora & Vegetation Assessment Greenbushes Study Area of section 23F of the Wildlife Conservation Act (1950) were recorded, nor were there any Priority flora species recorded. A total of 27 introduced species were recorded. Vegetation within the survey area was represented by three broad units: • Jarrah/Marri forest on lateritic slopes; • Flooded Gum on lower slopes and along drainage line features; and • Regrowth and introduced weeds associated with severely disturbed sites.
Vegetation of the study area was generally rated as either degraded or completely degraded due to historical disturbance from clearing, excavation and mineral exploration as well as the introduction of weed species.
Bridgetown RWSS Pipelines Millstream Dam to Greenbushes Link Biological Survey (AECOM Australia Pty Ltd 2010) A biological survey was undertaken in the Greenbushes area as part of a plan to construct a regional pipeline to supply water from Millstream Dam to seven south- west towns. A field survey was undertaken during the spring of 2009 along Route 1, extending from Millstream Dam to the Greenbushes link. The survey included a flora and fauna assessment as well as a tree habitat survey. A total of 86 flora species were identified during the survey from 70 genera and 37 families. The most species rich families were Poaceae (11 taxa), Myrtaceae (8 taxa) and Papillionaceae (7 taxa). A total of 29 introduced species were recorded within the study area. There were no DRF or Priority flora recorded during the survey.
A total of 19 vegetation associations were described along Route 1 consisting of four major vegetation types: Woodland to Low Open Forest, Shrubland, Remnant Vegetation and Completely Degraded Areas. The vegetation types are briefly described below: 1. Low Woodlands to Low Open Forests: Typically consisting of Eucalyptus marginata and Corymbia calophylla with Banksia grandis in sand areas, Taxandria parviceps and Melaleuca preissiana in drainage areas, Eucalyptus rudis on creek banks and various understory species. There were eight vegetation associations within this vegetation type; 2. Shrubland: A Tall Open Shrubland of Taxandria parviceps and Astartea fascicularis with sedgeland of Meeboldina roycei and Herbland of *Typha orientalis. There was a single vegetation association within this vegetation type; 3. Remnant Vegetation: Consists mostly of *Pinus raduata over a Closed Grassland over *Phalaris canariensis and Herbland of *Allium triquetrum, *Fumaria capreolata and *Raphanus raphanistrum over Low Open Heath of *Rubus ulmifolius on clayey soils. There was one vegetation assosiation within the vegetation type. 4. Completely Degraded Areas: This vegetation type included all other mapped areas that were considered completely degraded, including Parkland, Tasmanian Blue Gum (*Eucalyptus globulus) Plantation, Cleared land, Pine Plantation (*Pinus spp.), Cleared pine plantation, Residential areas and gardens, Vineyards and Water bodies. The majority of the area surveyed was considered to be completely degraded with only 1.5% of the area surveyed rated as Very Good to Good.
14 Flora & Vegetation Assessment Greenbushes Study Area
Table 2 Results from flora and vegetation surveys previously completed within, or in close proximity to, the Study area.
Survey Consultant Year Field Survey Significant Flora Introduced (Weed) Taxa Date
A Flora and Vegetation Survey Trudgen & 1991 April 1991 None *Briza maxima, *Eragrostis curvula, *Phalaris spp., of part of the Greenbushes Morgan *Juncus microcephalus, *Rubus discolor, *Eriodium Leases cicutarium, *Centaurium sp. *Dittrichia graveolens, *Hypoclaeris glabra
Flora and Vegetation Survey Onshore 2006 13th April None *Conyza bonariensis,*Dittrichia graveolens, Greenbushes Mine Site: Environmental 2006 *Hypochaeris glabra, *Sonchus oleraceus, *Hypericum Vegetation surrounding south Consultants perforatum, *Cyperus tenellus, *Centaurium east corner of the TSF tenuiflorum, *Erodium cicutarium, *Gladiolus undulates, *Romulea rosea, *Juncus microcephalus, *Acacia dealbata, *Acacia pycnantha, *Monadenia bracteata, *Orobanche minor, *Chamaecytisus palmensis, *Lotus angustissimus, *Lotus uliginosus, *Trifolium sp., *Pinus pinaster, *Plantago lanceolata, *Aira caryophyllea, *Briza maxima, *Briza minima, *Eragrostis curvula, *Rumex crispus, *Rubus discolor
Bridgetown RWSS Pipelines AECOM Australia 2010 2009 None *Rubus ulmifolius, *Asparagus asparadoidies, *Acacia Millstream Dam to Pty Ltd decurrens, *Acacia iteaphylla, *Acacia longifolia, Greenbushes Link Biological Acacia podalyriifolia, *Acacia pycnantha, *Echium Survey plantagineum
15 Flora & Vegetation Assessment Greenbushes Study Area
3.1.2 Threatened Flora listed under the Commonwealth Environment Protection and Biodiversity Conservation Act (EPBC Act) A search of the EPBC Act Protected Matters Database (DSEWPaC 2012) identified two records of ‘Vulnerable’ plant taxa potentially occurring within the Study area; Calandenia harringtoniae and Caladenia hoffmanii. There were no records identified from the IUCN database search (IUCN 2011).
Calandenia harringtoniae is known from a total of 37 populations distributed between Nannup and Albany in the south-west of Western Australia. It has not been recorded from within any conservation reserves, and is restricted to a single location (State Forest) within the Study area.
Calandenia hoffmanii (Hoffman’s Spider Orchid) is known from a total of ten populations in the Narrogin and Geraldton to Kalbarri Districts of Western Australia, with an isolated population recorded at Pingaring. Most of the known records are from conservation estates however there are populations recorded from shire road verges and private property. The extent of occurrence is estimated to be 980 km2.
3.1.3 Declared Rare and Threatened Flora listed under the WA Wildlife Conservation (Rare Flora) Notice 2010 A search of the DEC rare flora databases identified one DRF as having previously being recorded within a 20 km radius of the Study area. Caladenia harringtoniae occurred in State Forest at one location within the south-west sector of the Study area.
3.1.4 Priority Flora Recognised by the DEC A search of the DEC rare flora databases identified a total of nine Priority flora as having previously being recorded within a 20 km radius of the Study area (Table 3); three Priority 1 flora, one Priority 2 flora, two Priority 3 flora and three Priority 4 flora. Only one of these taxa has been recorded within the perimeter of the Study area; Grevillea ripicola (Priority 4).
TABLE 3: Priority flora previously recorded within a 20 km radius of the Study area.
Species Cons. Code Acacia flagelliformis 4 Astroloma sp. Nannup (R.D. Royce 3978) 4 Boronia humifusa 1 Carex tereticaulis 1 Dampiera heteroptera 3 Grevillea ripicola 4 Melaleuca incana subsp. Gingilup (N. Gibson & M. Lyons 593) 2 Senecio gilbertii 1 Tetratheca parvifolia 3
3.1.5 Threatened Ecological Communities (TEC’s) listed under State and Federal legislation A search of the EPBC Act Protected Matters database (DSEWPaC 2011) confirmed there were no Federal listed TEC’s previously recorded within, or adjacent to, the
16 Flora & Vegetation Assessment Greenbushes Study Area
Study area. Similarly, a search of DEC’s Threatened and Priority Ecological Communities database (DEC 2011) confirmed there were no State listed TEC records for the immediate Study area. There is one Environmentally Sensitive Area (ESA) identified in the south-west sector the Study area approximately 560 m from the intersection of Huitson Road and Maranup Ford Road. The ESA incorporates the winter-wet dampland supporting the Caladenia harringtoniae population.
3.1.6 Priority Ecological Communities (PEC’s) recognised by DEC A search of the DEC’s Threatened and Priority Ecological Communities database confirmed that no PECs occur within the Study area. 3.2 Flora Species
A total number of 368 plant taxa (including varieties and subspecies) from 73 families and 208 genera were recorded from the Study area (Table 4, Appendix 5). Species representation was greatest among the Fabaceae, Poaceae, Myrtaceae, Malvaceae, Asteraceae, Orchidaceae, Cyperaceae, Proteaceae and Stylidiaceae families. The most speciose genus was Acacia (18 taxa), followed by Stylidium (10 taxa), Caladenia (7 taxa), Lepidosperma (6 taxa), Lomandra (6 taxa) and Hakea (6 taxa). Raw data for the 26 study sites is provided as Appendix 6.
Table 4 Statistics for total flora recorded from the Study area.
Parameter No. Taxa No. Families 73 No. Genera 208 No. Species (incl. subspecies & varieties) 368 No. Native Species (incl. subsp. & var.) 282 No. Declared Rare Flora 1 No. Priority Flora 1 No. Introduced Species 86 Speciose Families Fabaceae 60 Poaceae 25 Myrtaceae 20 Cyperaceae 20 Asteraceae 19 Orchidaceae 19 Proteaceae 17 Stylidiaceae 11 Ericaceae 9 Haemodoraceae 9 Asparagaceae 9 Iridaceae 8 Speciose Genera Acacia 18 Stylidium 10 Caladenia 7 Lepidosperma 6 Lomandra 6 Gompholobium 6 Eucalyptus 6 Hakea 6
17 Flora & Vegetation Assessment Greenbushes Study Area
3.3 Conservation Significant Flora Species
3.3.1 Declared Rare and EPBC Act Listed Flora One plant taxon gazetted as DRF pursuant to subsection (2) of section 23F of the WC Act and listed as Vulnerable under the EPBC Act was recorded from the Study area; Caladenia harringtoniae (Figure 4). Caladenia harringtoniae (Harrington’s Spider Orchid) is a tuberous, perennial spider orchid that grows up to 0.4 m high. Leaves are between 15-25 cm long and each plant produces between one and three flowers that can be up to 10 cm long and 7 cm across. Flowers have short and narrow, stiffly held petals that are pink with white edges. The flower is sweetly scented and the labellum is pink and white with a short fringe and deep pink calli. Flowering is stimulated by summer fires and occurs during October and November.
Plate 1 Caladenia harringtoniae from within the Study area.
Caladenia harringtoniae grows in sandy loam soils on winter wet flats, granite outcrops and along the margins of streams and lakes. It usually occurs in swampy areas that are inundated for parts of the year with Paperbark (Melaleuca) species and Flooded Gum (Eucalyptus rudis). It has also been located along creeklines in Jarrah (Eucalyptus marginata) and Karri (Eucalyptus diversicolor) forests (Hoffman and Brown 1992). It is restricted to 37 populations in the south-west of Western Australia occurring between Nannup and Albany within the Southern Jarrah Forest and Warren bioregions. The major threat to this species is fire during the active growth period (May-November) however grazing by feral pigs (Sus scrofa) and disturbance from road maintenance have also been identified as potential threats (DSEWPaC 2008).
18 Flora & Vegetation Assessment Greenbushes Study Area
Within the Study area Caladenia harringtoniae was recorded as 26 plants from an unincised drainage line / dampland (in brown loam) in the south-west sector of the Study area (Figure 5). This was the same location as the previously known population however the extent at this location was extended (Figure 4). The vegetation association at this location was described as Eucalyptus marginata and Corymbia calophylla Forest over Xanthorrhoea preissii Open Scrub over Logania serpyllifolia subsp. angustifolia, Banksia dallanneyi and Bossiaea ornata Dwarf Scrub C. Despite extensive ground truthing of the Study area and targeted searches of similar habitat, no additional populations were recorded.
3.3.2 Priority Flora One currently listed Priority 3 flora was recorded from the Study area; Tetratheca parvifolia. Tetratheca parvifolia is a small shrub to 0.3 m in height recorded from forest between Capel, Donnybrook, Lowden and the Blackwood River. It has circular stems with conspicuous strong brown long hairs. The flowers (spring and summer flowering) are dark pink to purple, solitary and typically small. Leaves can be alternate, opposite, or in whorls of three, with white hairs and also long reddish hairs on the leaf margins.
Tetratheca parvifolia was recorded from two locations within the north-west sector of the Study area (Figure 4). The first location supported scattered plants at an estimated density of 5 plants / 10m2, with the second location being a single plant. Tetratheca parvifolia occurred with the following vegetation - Corymbia calophylla Open Low Woodland over Leptospermum erubescens, Xanthorrhoea preissii and Allocasuarina humilis Heath A over Babingtonia camphorosmae, Banksia dallanneyi and Leucopogon capilletallus Low Heath C in brown loam on hill slopes.
Plate 2 Tetratheca parvifolia from within the Study area.
19 408000 411000 414000 417000
BROOME
PORT HEDLAND KARRATHA
NEWMAN
PERTH MAP AREA 6261000 6261000 MAPSHEET OVERVIEW 6258000 6258000
M 01/5 M 01/4 M 01/9 M 01/8 M 01/11
Tetratheca parvifolia
M 01/18 6255000 6255000
M 01/16 G 01/1 L 01/1 G 01/2
M 01/2 M 01/3 M 01/6 M 01/7 M 01/10 6252000 6252000
Caladenia harringtoniae M 70/1187 Caladenia harringtoniae
M 70/765 6249000 6249000
6246000 408000 411000 414000 417000 6246000 TALISON Legend DISTRIBUTION OF SIGNIFICANT FLORA Taison Active Mining Area IN THE STUDY AREA Talison Tenements Figure 4. Significant Flora 2 Epacris Elbow Pelican Point 0250 500 1,000 1,500 2,000 2,500 3,000 Caladenia harringtoniae Bunbury WA 6230 ONSHORE ENVIRONMENTAL CONSULTANTS Date: 8 Feb 2012 Meters Tetratheca parvifolia [email protected] 1:50,000 Sheet Size: A3 Status: FS Datum: GDA94 +61 (0) 8 9725 3213 Drawn by Requested by Internal Reference Projection: MGA Zone 50 GSM DB Significant Flora 410000 410500 411000
BROOME
PORT HEDLAND KARRATHA
NEWMAN
PERTH MAP AREA
MAPSHEET OVERVIEW 6250500 6250500
Caladenia harringtoniae M 01/3
Caladenia harringtoniae Caladenia harringtoniae Caladenia harringtoniae Caladenia harringtoniae Caladenia harringtoniae
Caladenia harringtoniae Caladenia harringtoniae 6250000 6250000 6249500 6249500
410000 410500 411000 TALISON Legend DISTRIBUTION OF Taison Active Mining Area Caladenia harringtoniae Talison Tenements Figure 5. Significant Flora 2 Epacris Elbow Pelican Point 0 50 100 200 300 Caladenia harringtoniae Bunbury WA 6230 Meters ONSHORE ENVIRONMENTAL CONSULTANTS Date: 8 Feb 2012 [email protected] 1:5,000 Sheet Size: A3 Status: FS Datum: GDA94 +61 (0) 8 9725 3213 Drawn by Requested by Internal Reference Projection: MGA Zone 50 GSM DB Significant Flora Distribution Flora & Vegetation Assessment Greenbushes Study Area
3.4 Introduced Flora
A total of 86 introduced species were recorded within the Study area (Table 5), of which three taxa are Declared Plants under the Agriculture and Related Resources Act 1976 (Department of Agriculture and Food 2011): • *Asparagus asparagoides (Bridal Creeper); • *Galium aparine (Goosegrass); and • *Rubus ulmifolius (Blackberry).
The diversity of weeds within the Study area is relatively high and reflects the long mining history of the Greenbushes area. Many of the weed species recorded are likely to have been introduced during early exploration and mining, becoming established on disturbed ground and volunteering into adjacent areas. High moisture habitats are particularly vulnerable to colonization by weeds, however infestations recorded in 2011 were generally localised.
Clearing of native vegetation for farmland and plantation timber is also a major source of weeds within the Study area. The annual pasture and wasteland species are represented throughout intact native vegetation, generally as a minor component of the understorey. Disturbed areas such as tracks and road verges are more susceptible to invasion by these taxa. These species generally are not vigorous.
The active mining area surrounding current operations at Talison’s Lithium Mine is highly disturbed and supports a large diversity of weed species. A weed management program has been implemented at the site and annual native rehabilitation is completed to provide a longer term solution.
Table 5 Introduced (weed) species recorded from the Study area.
Species Common Name Category *Acacia decurrens Black Wattle *Acacia iteaphylla Flinders Range Wattle *Acacia longifolia Sydney Golden Wattle *Acacia podalyriifolia Queensland Silver Wattle *Acacia pycnantha Golden Wattle *Aceana echinata Sheep’s Burr *Aira caryophyllea Silvery Hairgrass *Allium triquetrum Three-cornered Garlic *Anthoxanthum odoratum Sweet Veral Grass *Aphanes arvensis Parsley Piert *Arctotheca calendula Cape Weed *Asparagus asparagoides Bridal Creeper P1 *Avena barbata Bearded Oat *Avena fatua Wild Oat *Brassica tournefortii Mediterranean Turnip *Briza maxima Blowfly Grass *Briza minor Shivery Grass *Bromus diandrus Great Brome *Bromus hordeaceus Soft Brome
22 Flora & Vegetation Assessment Greenbushes Study Area
Species Common Name Category *Centaurium erythraea Common Centaury *Centaurium tenuiflorum
*Chamaecytisus palmensis Tagasaste *Cirsium vulgare Spear Thistle *Conyza bonariensis Flaxleaf Fleabane *Cortaderia selloana Pampas Grass *Corymbia maculata Spotted Gum *Cynodon dactylon Couch Grass *Cyperus tenellus Tiny Flatsedge *Dipogon lignosus Dolichos Pea *Disa bracteata South African Orchid *Dittrichia graveolens Stinkwort *Ehrharta calycina Perennial Veldt Grass *Ehrharta longifolia Annual Veldt Grass *Eragrostis curvula African Love Grass *Erodium cicutarium Common Storksbill *Eucalyptus globulus Blue Gum *Eucalyptus resinifera False Jarrah *Foeniculum vulgare Fennel *Freesia alba x leichtlinii Freesia *Fumaria muralis Wall Fumitory *Galium aparine Goosegrass P1, P2 *Gladiolus undulatus Wild Gladiolus *Holcus lanatus Yorkshire Fog *Hordeum leporinum Barley Grass *Hypericum perforatum St John's Wort *Hypochaeris glabra Smooth Catsear *Isolepis marginata Coarse Club-rush *Juncus articulatus Jointed Rush *Juncus bufonius Toad Rush *Juncus capitatus Capitate Rush *Juncus microcephalus
*Lactuca serriola Prickly Lettuce *Lathyrus tingitanus Tangier Pea *Lavandula stoechas Italian Lavender *Lolium rigidum Wimmera Ryegrass *Lotus angustissimus Narrowleaf Trefoil *Lotus uliginosus Greater Lotus *Lupinus cosentinii
*Lupinus luteus Yellow Lupin *Lysimachia arvensis Pimpernel *Ornithopus sativus French Serradella *Orobanche minor Lesser Broomrape *Oxalis corniculata Yellow Wood Sorrel
23 Flora & Vegetation Assessment Greenbushes Study Area
Species Common Name Category *Oxalis pes-caprae Soursob *Oxalis purpurea Largeflower Wood Sorrel *Parentucellia latifolia Common Bartsia *Pennisetum clandestinum Kikuyu Grass *Petrorhagia dubia
*Pinus pinaster Pinaster Pine *Pinus radiata Radiata Pine *Plantago lanceolata Ribwort Plantain *Raphanus raphanistrum Wild Radish *Romulea rosea Guildford Grass *Rubus ulmifolius Blackberry P4 *Rumex crispus Curled Dock *Silene gallica var. gallica
*Solanum nigrum Black Berry Nightshade *Sonchus oleraceus Common Sowthistle *Trifolium angustifolium Narrowleaf Clover *Trifolium campestre var. campestre Hop Clover *Trifolium dubium Suckling Clover *Typha orientalis Bulrush *Verbascum virgatum Twiggy Mullein *Vicia sativa Common Vetch *Vinca major Blue Periwinkle *Watsonia meriana Bulbil Watsonia
3.5 Threatened & Priority Ecological Communities
Extensive field assessment confirmed there were no TECs or PECs represented within the Study area. 3.6 Vegetation
A total of eight vegetation associations were described and mapped from the Study area (Figure 6). These associations have been classified into four broad floristic formations according to dominant vegetation strata (Table 6).
24 Flora & Vegetation Assessment Greenbushes Study Area
Table 6 Vegetation descriptions for eight vegetation associations mapped within the Study area.
Broad Floristic Area (ha) Vegetation Vegetation Association Formation Condition Eucalyptus Dense 1a Eucalyptus marginata subsp. marginata and 1,021.29 Very Good to Forest Corymbia calophylla Dense Forest over Good Banksia grandis, Bossiaea linophylla and Persoonia longifolia Open Scrub over Pteridium esculentum, Macrozamia riedlei and Leucopogon verticillatus Open Low Scrub B (with Leucopogon capitellatus and Bossiaea ornata Open Dwarf Scrub D) in brown sandy loam on upper hill slopes and plateaux
Eucalyptus Dense 1b Eucalyptus marginata subsp. marginata and 3,985.18 Very Good Forest Corymbia calophylla Dense Forest over Bossiaea ornata, Hibbertia hypericoides and Leucopogon capitellatus Dwarf Scrub D in brown sandy loam over undulating hill slopes and plateaux
25 Flora & Vegetation Assessment Greenbushes Study Area
Broad Floristic Area (ha) Vegetation Vegetation Association Formation Condition Eucalyptus Forest 2a Eucalyptus marginata subsp. marginata, 364.11 Very Good to Corymbia calophylla Forest (to Dense Good Forest) over Banksia grandis, E. marginata subsp. marginata, C. calophylla Low Forest A over Pteridium esculentum, Leucopogon capitellatus and Bossiaea ornata Dwarf Scrub C in brown loamy sand on upper hill slopes and plateaux
Eucalyptus Forest 2b Eucalyptus marginata subsp. marginata, 26.81 Very Good Corymbia calophylla and Allocasuarina fraseriana Forest over A. fraseriana, Banksia grandis and Persoonia longifolia Low Forest A over Leucopogon capitellatus, Pteridium esculentum and Bossiaea ornata Open Dwarf Scrub C in grey loamy sand on upper hill slopes and plateaux
26 Flora & Vegetation Assessment Greenbushes Study Area
Broad Floristic Area (ha) Vegetation Vegetation Association Formation Condition Eucalyptus Forest 2c Eucalyptus rudis, Corymbia calophylla and 314.68 Very Good to Eucalyptus patens Forest (to Woodland) Degraded over Banksia littoralis Open Low Woodland A over Taxandria linearfolia, Taxandria parviceps and Pteridium esculentum Heath A in brown sandy clay loam along drainage lines and flats
Eucalyptus Forest 2d Eucalyptus marginata subsp. marginata and 100.64 Very Good to Corymbia calophylla Forest over Degraded Xanthorrhoea preissii Open Scrub over Bossiaea ornata, Leucopogon capitellatus and Banksia dallanneyi Dwarf Scrub C in brown loam on lower hill slopes and unincised drainage lines / flats
27 Flora & Vegetation Assessment Greenbushes Study Area
Broad Floristic Area (ha) Vegetation Vegetation Association Formation Condition Leptospermum 3 Leptospermum erubescens Scrub over L. 7.08 Very Good Scrub erubescens, Bossiaea aquifolium, Allocasuarina humilis Heath A over Hypocalymma angustifolium, Babingtonia camphorosmae and Thomasia cognata Low Heath C in brown loamy sand on granite outcrops and sheets
*Typha Dense Tall 4 *Typha orientalis Dense Tall Sedges 20.52 Completely Sedges Degraded
28 408000 411000 414000 417000
BROOME
PORT HEDLAND KARRATHA
NEWMAN
PERTH MAP AREA 6261000 6261000 MAPSHEET OVERVIEW
1a 4 4 5 5 5 2c 1a 4 1a 4
2c 2c 1a 5 4 4
6258000 4 6258000 2d 1a 4 4
5 M 01/5 M 01/4 M 01/9 M 01/8 M 01/11 5 5 1a 2c 5
1a
2b 6 7 6 5 7 6 3 1a M 01/18 1b 6
6255000 1b 6255000
7 5
2d 6 6 5 8 6 5 M 01/16 6 2a G 01/1 8 8 8 10 4 6 L 01/1 3 3 8 G 01/2 1a 2c 9 6 M 01/2 M 01/3 M 01/6 M 01/7 M 01/10
6252000 1a 6252000 2c 5 10 8 1a 1b 8 2d 5 2d 8
4 2a M 70/1187 5 2a
2a M 70/765 6249000 6249000 6246000 6246000 408000 411000 414000 417000 TALISON Legend VEGETATION TYPE WITHIN Taison Active Mining Area STUDY AREA Talison Tenements Figure 6. 2 Epacris Elbow Pelican Point 0250 500 1,000 1,500 2,000 2,500 3,000 Bunbury WA 6230 Meters ONSHORE ENVIRONMENTAL CONSULTANTS Date: 8 Feb 2012 [email protected] 1:50,183 Sheet Size: A3 Status: FS Datum: GDA94 +61 (0) 8 9725 3213 Drawn by Requested by Internal Reference Projection: MGA Zone 50 GSM DB Veg Type BROOME
PORT HEDLAND KARRATHA
NEWMAN
PERTH MAP AREA
MAPSHEET OVERVIEW
1a 4 4 5 5 5 2c 1a 4 1a 4
2c 2c 1a 5 4 4 4 2d 1a 4 4
5 M 01/5 M 01/4 M 01/9 M 01/8 M 01/11 5 5 1a 2c 5
1a
2b 6 7 6 5 7 6 3 1a M 01/18 1b 6
1b
7 5
2d 6 6 5 8 6 5 M 01/16 6 2a G 01/1 8 8 8 10 4 6 L 01/1 3 3 8 G 01/2 1a 2c 9 6 M 01/2 M 01/3 M 01/6 M 01/7 M 01/10 1a 2c 5 10 8 1a 1b 8 2d 5 2d 8
4 2a M 70/1187 5 2a
2a M 70/765
TALISON Legend VEGETATION TYPE WITHIN Taison Active Mining Area STUDY AREA Talison Tenements Figure 6. 2 Epacris Elbow Pelican Point 0250 500 1,000 1,500 2,000 2,500 3,000 Bunbury WA 6230 Meters ONSHORE ENVIRONMENTAL CONSULTANTS Date: 8 Feb 2012 [email protected] 1:50,183 Sheet Size: A3 Status: FS Datum: GDA94 +61 (0) 8 9725 3213 Drawn by Requested by Internal Reference Projection: MGA Zone 50 GSM DB Veg Type Legend Vegetation Type Eucalyptus Dense Forest 1a Eucalyptus marginata subsp. marginata and Corymbia calophylla Dense Forest over Banksia grandis, Bossiaea linophylla and Persoonia longifolia Open Scrub over Pteridium esculentum, Macrozamia riedlei and Leucopogon verticillatus Open Low Scrub B (with Leucopogon capitellatus and Bossiaea ornata Open Dwarf Scrub D) in brown sandy loam on upper hill slopes and plateaux 1b Eucalyptus marginata subsp. marginata and Corymbia calophylla Dense Forest over Bossiaea ornata, Hibbertia hypericoides and Leucopogon capitellatus Dwarf Scrub D in brown sandy loam over undulating hill slopes and plateaux
Eucalyptus Forest 2a Eucalyptus marginata subsp. marginata, Corymbia calophylla Forest (to Dense Forest) over Banksia grandis, E. marginata subsp. marginata , C. calophylla Low Forest A over Pteridium esculentum, Leucopogon capitellatus and Bossiaea ornata Dwarf Scrub C in brown loamy sand on upper hill slopes and plateaux
2b Eucalyptus marginata subsp. marginata, Corymbia calophylla and Allocasuarina fraseriana Forest over A. fraseriana, Banksia grandis and Persoonia longifolia Low Forest A over Leucopogon capitellatus, Pteridium esculentum and Bossiaea ornata Open Dwarf Scrub C in grey loamy sand on upper hill slopes and plateaux
2c Eucalyptus rudis, Corymbia calophylla and Eucalyptus patens Forest (to Woodland) over Banksia littoralis Open Low Woodland A over Taxandria linearfolia, Taxandria parviceps and Pteridium esculentum Heath A in brown sandy clay loam along drainage lines and flats
2d Eucalyptus marginata subsp. marginata and Corymbia calophylla Forest over Xanthorrhoea preissii Open Scrub over Bossiaea ornata, Leucopogon capitellatus and Banksia dallanneyi Dwarf Scrub C in brown loam on lower hill slopes and unincised drainage lines / flats
Leptospermum Scrub 3 Leptospermum erubescens Scrub over L. erubescens, Bossiaea aquifolium, Allocasuarina humilis Heath A over Hypocalymma angustifolium, Babingtonia camphorosmae and Thomasia cognata Low Heath C in brown loamy sand on granite outcrops and sheets
Other 4 Plantation 5 Cleared Farmland 6 Water Body 7Townsite 8 Mine Rehabilitation 9 Mine Disturbance
*Typha Dense Tall Sedges 10 *Typha orientalis Dense Tall Sedges
TALISON
VEGETATION TYPE LEGEND 2 Epacris Elbow Pelican Point Figure 6. Bunbury WA 6230 ONSHORE ENVIRONMENTAL CONSULTANTS Date: 8 Feb 2012 [email protected] Sheet Size: A3 Status: FS +61 (0) 8 9725 3213 Drawn by Requested by Internal Reference GSM DB Veg Legend Flora & Vegetation Assessment Greenbushes Study Area
3.7 Vegetation Condition
Vegetation condition for the upland vegetation associations (1a, 1b, 2a, 2b and 3) within the Study areas ranged between Very Good and Good (Figure 7). The upland areas included Jarrah Marri Forest and Dense Forest on undulating hill slopes and plateaux. Disturbances noted that have reduced vegetation condition include logging, access tracks, historical mine activities including excavation of costeans and shafts, construction of powerline and rail corridors, clearing for farmland and plantation timber, edge effects around the Greenbushes townsite and illegal dumping of domestic rubbish.
Vegetation condition for the two lowland vegetation associations (2d and 3) occurring along drainage lines and on drainage flats ranged between Very Good and Degraded. Disturbances included dieback, heavy weed infestations and historical alluvial mining activities.
Vegetation condition for blocks of mine rehabilitation was rated as Good, with adjacent cleared and disturbed areas within the mining footprint rated as Completely Degraded. Other areas rated as Completely included pine and gluegum plantations, farmland supporting annual pasture, the Greenbushes townsite, and the *Typha orientalis Dense Tall Sedgeland (Vegetation Association 10) occurring on the south-east corner of Austin’s Dam and Cowan Brook Dam (Figure 7).
30 408000 411000 414000 417000
BROOME
PORT HEDLAND KARRATHA
NEWMAN
PERTH MAP AREA 6261000 6261000 MAPSHEET OVERVIEW
VGG CD CD CD CD CD CD VGD VGG CD VGG
VGD VGD VGG CD CD CD
6258000 CD 6258000 VGD VGG CD CD
CD M 01/8 M 01/5 M 01/4 M 01/9 M 01/11 CD VGG CD VGD CD
VGG
VG WB CD CD WB CD WB VG VGG M 01/18 VG WB
6255000 VG 6255000
CD CD
VGD WB WB CD G WB CD M 01/16 WB VGG L 01/1 G 01/1 G G G CD WB VG CD VG G G 01/2 VGG VGD CD WB M 01/2 M 01/3 M 01/6 M 01/7 M 01/10
6252000 VGG 6252000 VGD CD CD G VGG VG G
CD VGD G
CD VGD VGG M 70/1187 CD VGG
M 70/765 VGG 6249000 6249000 6246000 6246000 408000 411000 414000 417000 TALISON Legend VEGETATION CONDITION WITHIN Taison Active Mining Area Vegetation Condition STUDY AREA Talison Tenements Very Good Figure 7. Very Good to Degraded 2 Epacris Elbow Pelican Point Very Good to Good 0250 500 1,000 1,500 2,000 2,500 3,000 Bunbury WA 6230 Good Meters ONSHORE ENVIRONMENTAL CONSULTANTS Date: 8 Feb 2012 [email protected] 1:50,183 Sheet Size: A3 Status: FS Completely Degraded Datum: GDA94 +61 (0) 8 9725 3213 Drawn by Requested by Internal Reference Projection: MGA Zone 50 GSM DB Vegetation Condition Water Body Flora & Vegetation Assessment Greenbushes Study Area 4.0 STUDY TEAM
The flora and vegetation survey was planned, co-ordinated and executed by the following personnel:
Onshore Environmental Consultants P/L ABN 41 095 837 120 PO Box 227 YALLINGUP WA 6282 pf 08 9756 6206 m0427 339 842 Email [email protected]
Project Staff Dr Darren Brearley PhD Project Manager Dr Jerome Bull PhD Senior Botanist Ms Jessica Waters BSc Botanist Mrs Kerry Keenan Data Analyst Mr Todd Griffin GIS Specialist
Licences The field survey was conducted under the authorisation of the following licences issued by the Department of Environment & Conservation: • Darren Brearley, Onshore Environmental Consultants ‘Licence to take flora for scientific & other prescribed purposes’ Licence No. SL009041 • Jerome Bull, Onshore Environmental Consultants ‘Licence to take flora for scientific & other prescribed purposes’ Licence No. SL009037
32 Flora & Vegetation Assessment Greenbushes Study Area 5.0 REFERENCES
AECOM (2010) Bridgetown RWSS Pipelines Millstream Dam to Greenbushes Link. Report prepared for Water Corporation. Aplin T.E.H. (1979). The Flora. Chapter 3 In O'Brien, B.J. (ed.) (1979). Environment and Science. University of Western Australia Press. Belbin, L. (2003). PATN - A Revised User’s Guide. Blatant Fabrications Pty Ltd. Brown, A, Thomson-Dans, C & Marchant, NJ (Eds) (1998) Western Australia's Threatened Flora, Department of Conservation & Land Management, Western Bureau of Meteorology (2012) Climate Data Online. Available from: http://www.bom.gov.au/climate/data/ Department of Agriculture and Food Western Australia (2011) A list of Declared Plants for Western Australia at January 2011. http://www.agric.wa.gov.au/ objtwr/imported_assets/content/pw/weed/decp/dec_plants_list.pdf Departament of Sustainability, Environment, Water, Population and Communities, (2011) Interactive Environmental Database Reporting Tool Search, performed January 2012. www.environment.gov.au Department of Environment and Conservation (2011a) FloraBase: the Western Australian Flora. http://florabase.calm.wa.gov.au/ Department of Environment and Conservation (DEC) (2010) List of Threatened Ecological Communities on the Department of Conservation and Land Management’s Threatened Ecological Community (TEC) Database endorsed by the Minister for the Environment. WA Threatened Species & Communities Unit, Department of Conservation & Land Management. Department of Environment and Conservation (DEC) (2011c) Priority Ecologial Communities for Western Australia. Publicly available listing. Department of Sustainability, Environment, Water, Population and Communities (2008) Commonwealth Conservation Advice on Caladenia harringtoniae. Available form: http://www.environment.gov.au/cgi-bin/sprat/public /publicspecies.pl?taxon_id=56786 Environmental Protection Authority (2000) Environmental Protection of Native Vegetation in Western Australia: Clearing of Native Vegetation with Particular Reference to Agricultural Areas, Position Statement No. 2, EPA, Perth. Environmental Protection Authority (2002) Terrestrial Biological Surveys as an Element of Biodiversity Protection, Position Statement No. 3, EPA, Perth. Environmental Protection Authority (2004) EPA Guidance for the Assessment of Environmental Factors: Terrestrial Flora and Vegetation Surveys for Environmental Impact Assessment in Western Australia, No. 51, EPA, Perth. Green, J.W. (1985) Census of the Vascular Plants of Western Australia. (2nd edition) Western Australian Herbarium, Department of Agriculture, Western Australia.
33 Flora & Vegetation Assessment Greenbushes Study Area
Green, J.W. (1987) Census of the Vascular Plants of Western Australia. Supplement No. 7. Western Australian Herbarium, Department of Agriculture, Western Australia. Hoffman, N & Brown, A 1992, Orchids of South-west Australia, Revised 2nd edition with supplement, University of Western Australia Press, Nedlands. International Union for Conservation of Nature (IUCN) (2012) Interactive Environmental Database Reporting Tool Search, performed January 2012. www.iucn.org Muir, B.G. (1977) Biological Survey of the Western Australian Wheatbelt. Records Western Australian Museum, Supplement No. 3. Keighery, B.J. (1994) Bushland Plant Survey: a Guide to Plant Community Survey for the Community. Wildflower Society of WA (Inc.), Nedlands, Western Australia. McCune, B. and Grace, J.B. (2002) Analysis of Ecological Communities. MJM Software Design, Gleneden Beach, Oregon. McCune, B. and Metford, M.J. (1999) PC-ORD. Multivariate Analysis of Ecological Data, Version 4. MjM Software Design, Gleneden Beach, Oregon, USA. Onshore Environmental Consultants (2006) Flora and Vegetation Survey Greenbushes Mine Site: Vegetation surrounding south east corner of the TSF. Confidential report prepared for Sons of Gwalia Ltd Paczkowska, G. and Chapman, A. R. (2000) The Western Australian Flora, A Descriptive Catalogue. Wildflower Society of Western Australia, Western Australian Herbarium CALM, Botanic Gardens and Park Authority, Perth, Western Australia. Shepherd, D., Beeston, G and Hopkins, A. (2002) Native Vegetation in Western Australia. Extent, Type and Status. Resource Management Technical Report 249. Department of Agriculture, South Perth. Specht R.L. (1970) Vegetation. In The Australian Environment. 4th edn (Ed. G.W. Leeper). Melbourne. Thackway and Cresswell (1995) An Interim Biogeographic Regionalisation for Australia: A framework for setting priorities in the National Reserves System Cooperative Program Version 4. Australian Nature Conservation Agency, Canberra. Tille, P. (2006) Soil-landscapes of Western Australia’s rangelands and arid interior. Resource management technical report 313. Department of Agriculture and Food WA.Trudgen, M.E. (1984) A Flora and Vegetation Survey of the Weeli Wooli Creek Area. Trudgen & Morgan (1991) A Flora and Vegetation Survey of part of the Greenbushes Leases. Report prepared for Greenbushes Ltd Western Australian Herbarium (2011). Florabase – Information on the Western Australian flora. Department of Conservation and Land Management. Online: http://florabase.calm.wa
34 Flora & Vegetation Assessment Greenbushes Study Area
APPENDIX 1 Vegetation Classification used for the Flora and Vegetation Survey (Muir 1997).
LIFE FORM / HEIGHT Canopy Cover
CLASS DENSE MID DENSE SPARSE VERY SPARSE 70 % - 100% 30% - 70% 10% - 30% 2% - 10%
Trees > 30 m Dense Tall Forest Tall Forest Tall Woodland Open Tall Woodland Trees 15 – 30 m Dense Forest Forest Woodland Open Woodland Trees 5 – 15 m Dense Low Forest A Low Forest A Low Woodland A Open Low Woodland A Trees < 5 m Dense Low Forest B Low Forest B Low Woodland B Open Low Woodland B Mallee tree form Dense Tree Mallee Tree Mallee Open Tree Mallee Very Open Tree Mallee Mallee shrub form Dense Shrub Mallee Shrub Mallee Open Shrub Mallee Very Open Shrub Mallee Shrubs > 2 m Dense Thicket Thicket Scrub Open Scrub Shrubs 1.5 – 2 m Dense Heath A Heath A Low Scrub A Open Low Scrub A Shrubs 1 - 1.5 m Dense Heath B Heath B Low Scrub B Open Low Scrub B Shrubs 0.5 – 1 m Dense Low Heath C Low Heath C Dwarf Scrub C Open Dwarf Scrub C Shrubs 0 - 0.5 m Dense Low Heath D Low Heath D Dwarf Scrub D Open Dwarf Scrub D Mat plants Dense Mat Plants Mat Plants Open Mat Plants Very Open Mat Plants Hummock grass Dense Hummock Grass Mid-Dense Hummock Grass Hummock Grass Open Hummock Grass Bunch grass > 0.5 m Dense Tall Grass Tall Grass Open Tall Grass Very Open Tall Grass Bunch grass < 0.5 m Dense Low Grass Low Grass Open Low Grass Very Open Low Grass Herbaceous spp. Dense Herbs Herbs Open Herbs Very Open Herbs Sedges > 0.5 m Dense Tall Sedges Tall Sedges Open Tall Sedges Very Open Tall Sedges Sedges < 0.5 m Dense Low Sedges Low Sedges Open Low Sedges Very Open Low Sedges Ferns Dense Ferns Ferns Open Ferns Very Open Ferns Mosses, liverworts Dense Mosses Mosses Open Mosses Very Open Mosses
35 Flora & Vegetation Assessment Greenbushes Study Area
APPENDIX 2 Vegetation condition scale (as developed by Keighery 1994).
CONDITION SCALE DESCRIPTION
Pristine 1 Pristine or nearly so, no obvious signs of disturbance.
Excellent 2 Vegetation structure intact, disturbance affecting individual species and weeds are non-aggressive species.
Very Good 3 Vegetation structure altered; obvious signs of disturbance.
Good 4 Vegetation structure significantly altered by very obvious signs of multiple disturbances. Retains basic vegetation structure or ability to regenerate it.
Degraded 5 Basic vegetation structure severely impacted by disturbance. Scope for regeneration but not to a state approaching Very Good condition without intensive management.
Completely 6 The structure of the vegetation is no longer intact and the area Degraded is completely or almost completely without native species.
APPENDIX 3 Conservation categories for flora described under the EPBC Act.
CATEGORY DESCRIPTION
Extinct A species is extinct if there is no reasonable doubt that the last member of the species has died.
Extinct in the A species is categorised as extinct in the wild if it is only known to survive Wild in cultivations, in captivity, or as a naturalised population well outside its past range; or if it has not been recorded in its known/expected habitat, at appropriate seasons, anywhere in its past range, despite exhaustive surveys over a time frame appropriate ti its life cycle and form.
Critically The species is facing an exteremly high risk of extinction in the wild and in Endangered the immediate future.
Endangered The species is likely to become extinct unless the circumstances and factors threatening its abundance, survival, or evolutionary development cease to operate; or its numbers have been reduced to such a critical level, or its habitats have been so drastically reduced, that it is in immediate danger of extinction.
Vulnerable Within the next 25 years, the species is likely to become endangered unless the circumstances and factors threatening its abundance, survival or evolutionary development cease to operate.
Conservation The species is the focus of a specific conservation program, the cessation Dependent of which would result in the species becoming vulnerable, endangered or critically endangered within a period of 5 years.
36 Flora & Vegetation Assessment Greenbushes Study Area
APPENDIX 4 Conservation Codes for Western Australian Flora.
R: Declared Rare Flora - Extant Taxa Taxa which have been adequately searched for, and are deemed to be in the wild either rare, in danger of extinction, or otherwise in need of special protection, and have been gazetted as such.
1: Priority One - Poorly Known Taxa Taxa that are known from one or a few collections or sight records (generally less than five), all on lands not managed for conservation, e.g. agricultural or pastoral lands, urban areas, Shire, Westrail and Main Roads WA road, gravel and soil reserves, and active mineral leases and under threat of habitat destruction or degradation. Taxa may be included if they are comparatively well known from one or more localities but do not meet adequacy of survey requirements and appear to be under immediate threat from known threatening processes.
2: Priority Two - Poorly Known Taxa Taxa that are known from one or a few collections or sight records, some of which are on lands not under imminent threat of habitat destruction or degradation, e.g. national parks, conservation parks, nature reserves, State forest, vacant Crown land, water reserves, etc. Taxa may be included if they are comparatively well known from one or more localities but do not meet adequacy of survey requirements and appear to be under threat from known threatening processes.
3: Priority Three - Poorly Known Taxa Taxa that are known from collections or sight records from several localities not under imminent threat, or from few but widespread localities with either large population size or significant remaining areas of apparently suitable habitat, much of it not under imminent threat. Taxa may be included if they are comparatively well known from several localities but do not meet adequacy of survey requirements and known threatening processes exist that could affect them.
4: Priority Four - Rare, Near Threatened and other taxa in need of monitoring (a) Rare. Taxa that are considered to have been adequately surveyed, or for which sufficient knowledge is available, and that are considered not currently threatened or in need of special protection, but could be if present circumstances change. These taxa are usually represented on conservation lands. (b) Near Threatened. Taxa that are considered to have been adequately surveyed and that do not qualify for Conservation Dependent, but that are close to qualifying for Vulnerable. (c) Taxa that have been removed from the list of threatened species during the past five years for reasons other than taxonomy.
5: Priority Five - Conservation Dependent taxa Taxa that are not threatened but are subject to a specific conservation program, the cessation of which would result in the taxa becoming threatened within five years.
37 Flora & Vegetation Assessment Greenbushes Study Area
APPENDIX 5 Total flora list for the Study area.
FAMILY Conservation Code Species ALLIACEAE
*Allium triquetrum
AMARANTHACEAE
Ptilotus manglesii
ANARTHRIACEAE
Anarthria prolifera
Lyginia barbata
APIACEAE
*Foeniculum vulgare
Daucus glochidiatus
Pentapeltis peltigera
Platysace ?compressa
Platysace tenuissima
Xanthosia candida
Xanthosia huegelii
APOCYNACEAE
*Vinca major
ARALIACEAE
Trachymene pilosa
ASPARAGACEAE
*Asparagus asparagoides
Chamaescilla corymbosa
Laxmannia squarrosa
Lomandra caespitosa
Lomandra micrantha subsp. micrantha
Lomandra nigricans
Lomandra pauciflora
Lomandra sericea
Lomandra purpurea
ASTERACEAE
*Arctotheca calendula
*Cirsium vulgare
*Conyza bonariensis
*Dittrichia graveolens
*Hypochaeris glabra
*Lactuca serriola
*Sonchus oleraceus
38 Flora & Vegetation Assessment Greenbushes Study Area
FAMILY Conservation Code Species Craspedia variabilis
Helichrysum luteoalbum
Hyalosperma cotula
Lagenophora huegelii
Podolepis canescens
Podolepis lessonii
Quinetia urvillei
Rhodanthe cintrina
Senecio hispidulus var. hispidulus
Senecio quadridentatus
Siloxerus humifusus
Trichocline spathulata
BORYACEAE
Borya sphaerocephala
BRASSICACEAE
*Brassica tournefortii
*Rhaphanus raphanistrum
CAMPANULACEAE
Lobelia anceps
Lobelia rhombifolia
Wahlenbergia gracilenta
CARYOPHYLLACEAE
*Petrorhagia dubia
*Silene gallica var. gallica
CASUARINACEAE
Allocasuarina fraseriana
Allocasuarina humilis
CENTROLEPIDACEAE
Centrolepis aristata
CLUSIACEAE
*Hypericum perforatum
COLCHICACEAE
Burchardia multiflora
Wurmbea dioica subsp. alba
CYPERACEAE
*Cyperus tenellus
*Isolepis marginata
39 Flora & Vegetation Assessment Greenbushes Study Area
FAMILY Conservation Code Species Baumea articulata
Baumea rubiginosa
Chorizandra enodis
Ficinia nodosa
Gahnia trifida
Lepidosperma gladiatum
Lepidosperma pubisquameum
Lepidosperma squamatum
Lepidosperma striatum
Lepidosperma tenue
Lepidosperma tetraquetrum
Mesomelaena stygia
Mesomelaena tetragona
Schoenus ?asperocarpus
Schoenus caespititius
Schoenus unispiculatus
Tetraria capillaris
Tetraria octandra
DENNSTAEDTIACEAE
Pteridium esculentum
DILLENIACEAE
Hibbertia amplexicaulis
Hibbertia commutata
Hibbertia cunninghamii
Hibbertia hypericoides
Hibbertia racemosa
DROSERACEAE
Drosera erythorrhiza
Drosera gigantea
Drosera glanduligera
Drosera menziesii
Drosera pallida
Drosera stolonifera
ELAEOCARPACEAE
Tetratheca affinis
Tetratheca hirsuta
Tetratheca parvifolia Priority 3 Tetratheca setigera
Tremandra diffusa
Tremandra stelligera
ERICACEAE
40 Flora & Vegetation Assessment Greenbushes Study Area
FAMILY Conservation Code Species Andersonia barbata
Astroloma ciliatum
Astroloma drummondii
Astroloma pallidum
Leucopogon australis
Leucopogon capitellatus
Leucopogon propinquus
Leucopogon verticillatus
Sphenotoma capitata
FABACEAE
*Acacia decurrens
*Acacia iteaphylla
*Acacia longifolia
*Acacia podalyriifolia
*Acacia pycnantha
*Chamaecytisus palmensis
*Dipogon lignosus
*Lathyrus tingitanus
*Lotus angustissimus
*Lotus uliginosus
*Lupinus cosentinii
*Lupinus luteus
*Ornithopus sativus
*Trifolium angustifolium
*Trifolium campestre var. campestre
*Trifolium dubium
*Vicia sativa
Acacia alata
Acacia celastrifolia
Acacia dentifera
Acacia divergens
Acacia extensa
Acacia nervosa
Acacia obovata
Acacia pulchella var. glaberimma
Acacia pulchella var. pulchella
Acacia saligna
Acacia scalpelliformis
Acacia stenoptera
Acacia urophylla
Bossiaea aquifolium
Bossiaea eriocarpa
Bossiaea linophylla
Bossiaea ornata
Callistachys lanceolata
41 Flora & Vegetation Assessment Greenbushes Study Area
FAMILY Conservation Code Species Chorizema nanum
Daviesia cordata
Daveisia preissii
Davesia decurrens
Daviesia ?inflata
Eutaxia virgata
Gastrolobium bilobum
Gastrolobium ebracteolatum
Gastrolobium praemorsum
Gompholobium capitatum
Gompholobium marginatum
Gompholobium ovatum
Gompholobium polymorphum
Gompholobium preissii
Gompholobium tomentosum
Hardenbergia comptoniana
Hovea chorizemifolia
Hovea trisperma
Isotropis cunefolia
Jacksonia furcellata
Kennedia coccinea
Kennedia prostrata
Labichea punctata
Mirbelia dilatata
Sphaerolobium medium
GENTIANACEAE
*Centaurium erythraea
*Centaurium tenuiflorum
GERANIACEAE
*Erodium cicutarium
Geranium retrorsum
Geranium solanderi
GOODENIACEAE
Dampiera alata
Dampiera linearis
Lechenaultia biloba
Scaevola calliptera
Scaevola glandulifera
Velleia trinervis
HAEMODORACEAE
Anigozanthus flavidus
Anizoganthus manglesii
42 Flora & Vegetation Assessment Greenbushes Study Area
FAMILY Conservation Code Species Conostylis aculeata
Conostylis laxiflora
Conostylis pusilla
Conostylis setigera subsp. setigera
Haemodorum laxum
Haemodorum simplex
Haemodorum spicata
HEMEROCALLIDACEAE
Agrostocrinum hirsutum
Agrostocrinum scabrum
Caesia micrantha
Dianella revoluta
Johnsonia lupulina
HYPOXIDACEAE
Hypoxis gardneri
Hypoxis occidentalis
IRIDACEAE
*Freesia (alba x leichtlinii?)
*Gladiolus undulatus
*Romulea rosea
*Watsonia meriana
Patersonia babianoides
Patersonia occidentalis
Patersonia pygmaea
Patersonia umbrosa var. xanthine
JUNCACEAE
*Juncus articulatus
*Juncus bufonius
*Juncus capitatus
*Juncus microcephalus
Juncus kraussii subsp. australiensis
Juncus pallidus
LAMIACEAE
*Lavandula stoechas
Hemigenia incana
Hemiandra pungens
LAURACEAE
Cassytha racemosa forma pilosa
Cassytha racemosa forma racemosa
43 Flora & Vegetation Assessment Greenbushes Study Area
FAMILY Conservation Code Species LILIACEAE
Sowerbaea laxiflora
Thysanotus patersonii
Thysanotus tenellus
LINDSAEACEAE
Lindsaea linearis
LOBELIACEAE
Isotoma hypocrateriformis
LOGANIACEAE
Logania serpyllifolia subsp. angustifolia
MALVACEAE
Lasiopetalum floribundum
MENYANTHACEAE
Ornduffia parnassifolia
MYRTACEAE
*Corymbia maculata
*Eucalyptus globulus
*Eucalyptus resinifera
Agonis flexuosa
Astartea scoparia
Babingtonia camphorosmae
Calytrix ? flavescens
Corymbia calophylla
Darwinia citriodora
Eucalyptus cornuta
Eucalyptus marginata subsp. marginata
Eucalyptus patens
Eucalyptus rudis
Hypocalymma angustifolium
Hypocalymma robustum
Leptospermum erubescens
Melaleuca preissiana
Melaleuca rhaphiophylla
Taxandria linearifolia
Taxandria parviceps
ORCHIDACEAE
*Disa bracteata
Caladenia ?lobata
Caladenia arrecta
44 Flora & Vegetation Assessment Greenbushes Study Area
FAMILY Conservation Code Species Caladenia barbarossa
Caladenia flava
Caladenia harringtoniae DRF Caladenia longicauda subsp. redacta
Caladenia macrostylis
Diuris amplissima
Diuris longifolia
Elythranthera brunonis
Eriochilus dilatatus
Lyperanthus serratus
Pterostylis pyramidalis
Pterostylis recurva
Pyrorchis nigricans
Thelymitra antennifera
Thelymitra fuscolutea
Thelymitra macrophylla
OROBANCACEAE
*Orobanche minor
*Parentucellia latifolia
OXALIDACEAE
*Oxalis corniculata
*Oxalis pes-caprae
*Oxalis purpurea
PAPAVERACEAE
*Fumaria muralis
PHORMIACEAE
Dianella brevicaulis
PHYLLANTHACEAE
Phyllanthus calycinus
Poranthera huegelii
PINACEAE
*Pinus pinaster
*Pinus radiata
PITTOSPORACEAE
Billardiera heterophylla
Cheiranthera preissiana var. planifolia
PLANTAGINACEAE
*Plantago lanceolata
45 Flora & Vegetation Assessment Greenbushes Study Area
FAMILY Conservation Code Species
POACEAE
*Aira caryophyllea
*Anthoxanthum odoratum
*Avena barbata
*Avena fatua
*Briza maxima
*Briza minor
*Bromus diandrus
*Bromus horeaceus
*Cortaderia selloana
*Cynodon dactylon
*Ehrharta calycina
*Ehrharta longifolia
*Eragrostis curvula
*Holcus lanatus
*Hordeum leporinum
*Lolium rigidum
*Pennisetum clandestinum
Amphipogon laguroides
Amphipogon turbinatus
Austrostipa campylachne
Austrostipa elegantissima
Austrostipa tenuifolia
Neurachne alopecuroidea
Poa serpentum
Tetrarrhena laevis
PODOCARPACEAE
Podocarpus drouynianus
POLYGALACEAE
Comesperma calymega
Comesperma ciliatum
Comesperma confertum
Comesperma virgatum
POLYGONACEAE
*Rumex crispus
PRIMULACEAE
*Lysimachia arvensis
PROTEACEAE
Adenanthos obovatus
Banksia bipinnatifida
46 Flora & Vegetation Assessment Greenbushes Study Area
FAMILY Conservation Code Species Banksia dallanneyi
Banksia grandis
Banksia littoralis
Grevillea diversifolia
Grevillea manglesioides subsp. manglesioides
Grevillea quercifolia
Grevillea trifida
Hakea amplexicaulis
Hakea lissocarpha
Hakea prostrata
Hakea ruscifolia
Hakea undulata
Hakea varia
Isopogon sphaerocephalus
Persoonia longifolia
Synaphea petiolaris subsp. triloba
Xylomelum occidentale
PTERIDACEAE
Cheilanthes ?sieberi
RANUNCULACEAE
Clematis pubescens
Ranunculus colonorum
RESTIONACEAE
Desmocladus fasciculatus
Hypolaena exsulca
Loxocarya cinerea
Meeboldina roycei
RHAMNACEAE
Cryptandra arbutiflora var. tubulosa
Trymalium ledifolium
Trymalium odoratissimum subsp. odoratissimum
ROSACEAE
*Aceana echinata
*Aphanes arvensis
*Rubus ulmifolius
RUBIACEAE
*Galium aparine
Opercularia apiciflora
Opercularia hispidula
47 Flora & Vegetation Assessment Greenbushes Study Area
FAMILY Conservation Code Species RUTACEAE
Boronia megastigma
Boronia spathulata
Diplolaena drummondii
Philotheca spicata
SANTALACEAE
Leptomeria cunninghamii
SCROPHULARIACEAE
*Verbascum virgatum
SOLANACEAE
*Solanum nigrum
STACKHOUSIACEAE
Stackhousia monogyna
STERCULIACEAE
Thomasia foliosa
Thomasia grandiflora
Thomasia paniculata
STYLIDIACEAE
Levenhookia pusilla
Stylidium adnatum
Stylidium amoenum
Stylidium caespitosum
Stylidium calcaratum
Stylidium ciliatum
Stylidium crassifolium
Stylidium piliferum
Stylidium repens
Stylidium schoenoides
Stylidium spathulatum subsp. spathulatum
THYMELAEACEAE
Pimelea ciliata subsp. ciliata
Pimelea imbricata var. imbricata
Pimelea longiflora subsp. longiflora
Pimelea rosea
Pimelea suaveolens
TYPHACEAE
*Typha orientalis
48 Flora & Vegetation Assessment Greenbushes Study Area
FAMILY Conservation Code Species
VIOLACEAE
Hybanthus floribundus
XANTHORRHOEACEAE
Xanthorrhoea gracilis
Xanthorrhoea preissii
ZAMIACEAE
Macrozamia riedlei
49 Flora & Vegetation Assessment Greenbushes Study Area
APPENDIX 6 Site sheets for the 26 quadrats formally assessed within the Study area, October 2011.
Site GB1 Date 13/10/2011 Recorder DB Photo DB: 61, GPS: 295 Shape/Size 10 m x 10 m Datum GDA94 Zone 50 H Easting 409991 Northing 6255324 Habitat Hill Slope – Sheeting Aspect West-South-West, 250° Soil Brown Loamy Sand Rock Type Granite % Bare Ground 10 %Logs:Leaves 5-10 : 15 Vegetation Condition Very Good Disturbance Type Excavation / tracks / costeans / weeds / dieback Fire Age Mod (2-5 yr) Vegetation Leptospermum erubescens Scrub over L. erubescens, Bossiaea aquifolium, Allocasuarina humilis Heath A over Hypocalymma angustifolium, L. erubescens and Thomasia cognata Low Heath C
Species % Cover Height (m)
Leptospermum erubescens 45 1-3 Bossiaea aquifolium 10 1-2 Xanthorrhoea preissii 1-2 2-3 Hypocalymma angustifolium 20 0.5-1.5 Allocasuarina humilis 5 2.5 Acacia pulchella var. pulchella 2 1.5 Elythranthera brunonis + 0.3 Thelymitra antennifera 0.5 0.1 Drosera glanduligera + 0.1 Grevillea diversifolia + 0.5-1.2 Thomasia cognate 5 1 Hemigenia incana + 0.3 Synaphea petiolaris subsp. triloba + 0.2 Haemodorum laxum + 0.6 Dampiera linearis 0.5 0.2 Neurachne alopecuroidea + 0.2 Tetraria capillaris 15 0.5 Desmocladus fasciculatus 0.5 0.1 Velleia trinervis 1 0.2 Tetrarrhena laevis + 0.4 Levenhookia pusilla + 0.5 Tetraria octandra + 0.5 Cryptandra arbutiflora var. tubulosa + 0.2 Drosera pallida + Cl Thysanotus patersonii + Cl Cassytha racemosa forma racemosa + Cl
50 Flora & Vegetation Assessment Greenbushes Study Area
Species % Cover Height (m)
Drosera erythrorhiza + 0.05 Astroloma ciliatum + 0.1 Andersonia barbata + 0.15 Banksia dallanneyi + 0.1 Baeckea camphoromae 2 0.2 Caladenia flava + 0.1 Astroloma pallidum + 0.3 Hakea lissocarpha 1 1-3 Borya sphaerocephala 2 0.05 Rhodanthe citrina + 0.1 Diuris longifolia + 0.3 Pimelea imbricata var. imbricata 0.5 0.1 Hakea undulata + 1.5 Centrolepis aristata + 0.08 *Aira caryophyllea + 0.1 Lepidosperma striatum + 0.3 Burchardia multiflora + 0.3 *Hypochaeris glabra + 0.1 Trachymene pilosa + 0.1 Siloxerus humifusus + 0.05 Eucalyptus rudis <2 6-8
51 Flora & Vegetation Assessment Greenbushes Study Area
Site GB2 Date 14/10/2011 Recorder JB / DB Photo JB: 1885, DB: 66, GPS: 297 Shape/Size 10 m x 10 m Datum GDA94 Zone 50 H Easting 414043 Northing 6253904 Habitat Hill Crest / Upper Slopes – few boulders present Aspect East, 100° Soil Brown, Sandy Clay Loam Rock Type Laterite – pebbles % Bare Ground 2 %Logs:Leaves 25 : 80 Vegetation Condition Good Disturbance Type Access tracks, mine-site activities, old shafts, logging Fire Age Old (5-10 yr) Vegetation Eucalyptus marginata subsp. marginata and Corymbia calophylla Forest over Bossiaea linophylla Low Open Scrub B over Pteridium esculentum and Leucopogon capitellatus Dwarf Scrub C
Species % Cover Height (m)
Eucalyptus marginata subsp. marginata 40 10-30 Corymbia calophylla 40 10-30 Bossiaea linophylla 8 2-3 Pteridium esculentum 20 1-5 Leucopogon capitellatus 10 0.4 *Hypochaeris glabra 0.5 0.1 Clematis pubescens 3 Cl Burchardia multiflora + 0.5 Haemodorum laxum + 0.3 Persoonia longifolia 1 1-3 Sowerbaea laxiflora + 0.3 Trachymene pilosa + 0.2 *Briza maxima 10 0.2 Hibbertia amplexicaulis + 0.3 Geranium retrorsum 1 0.2 *Briza minor 0.5 0.2 *Oxalis corniculata 4 0.1 Lagenophora huegelii 0.5 0.1 Hibbertia commutata + 0.5 *Avena fatua + 0.2 Caesia micrantha 0.5 0.5 *Bromus diandrus 0.5 0.3 Leucopogon verticillatus 1 1 *Plantago lanceolata + 0.4 *Rubus ulmifolius + 0.8 Macrozamia riedlei + 1.2 Hardenbergia comptoniana + Cl
52 Flora & Vegetation Assessment Greenbushes Study Area
Species % Cover Height (m)
Hibbertia cunninghamii + 0.2 Bossiaea ornata + 0.3 *Lysimachia arvensis + 0.1 *Orobanche minor + 0.3 *Sonchus oleraceus + 0.2 Thelymitra macrophylla + 0.3 *Petrorhagia dubia + 0.2 Daucus glochidiatus + 0.1 *Acaena echinata + 0.2 Drosera pallida + Cl Opercularia hispidula + 0.6 Dianella revoluta + 0.6 Tetratheca hirsuta + 0.1
53 Flora & Vegetation Assessment Greenbushes Study Area
Site GB3 Date 14/10/2011 Recorder DB / JB Photo JB: 1886, DB: 69 Shape/Size 10 m x 10 m Datum GDA94 Zone 50 H Easting 414221 Northing 6252666 Habitat Upper Hill Slope – Laterite boulders / pebbles Aspect South, 190° Soil Brown, Sandy Loam Rock Type Laterite – boulders / pebbles % Bare Ground 15 %Logs:Leaves 10 : 70 Vegetation Condition Good Disturbance Type Fire / logging / access tracks / costeans Fire Age Recent (<1 yr) Vegetation Eucalyptus marginata subsp. marginata, Corymbia calophylla Forest over Banksia grandis, E. marginata, C. calophylla Low Forest A over Xanthorrhoea gracilis, Macrozamia riedlei Open Dwarf Scrub C
Species % Cover Height (m)
Eucalyptus marginata subsp. marginata 40 10-30 Corymbia calophylla 25 10-30 Lagenophora huegelii + 0.1 Opercularia apiciflora + 0.3 Tetrarrhena laevis + 0.3 Podocarpus drouynianus 0.5 <1 Trachymene pilosa + 0.1 Daucus glochidiatus + 0.1 *Briza minor + 0.2 Pentapeltis peltigera + 0.1 *Bromus diandrus + 0.2 Hyalosperma cotula + 0.05 Levenhookia pusilla + 0.02 Stylidium amoenum + 0.02 *Hypochaeris glabra + 0.25 Pteridium esculentum 0.5 0.5-1 *Lysimachia arvensis + 0.05 Persoonia longifolia 0.5 0.5 – 2 *Arctotheca calendula + 0.1 Stylidium calcaratum + 0.1 Leucopogon propinquus + 0.3 Hardenbergia comptoniana + Cl Drosera pallida + Cl *Aira caryophyllea + 0.1 Caladenia sp. + 0.1 Bossiaea ornata + 0.1 Clematis pubescens 3 Cl
54 Flora & Vegetation Assessment Greenbushes Study Area
Species % Cover Height (m)
Chamaescilla corymbosa + 0.1 Senecio hispidulus var. hispidulus + 0.5-1 Thysanotus patersonii + Cl Hibbertia amplexicaulis + 0.2 Hibbertia commutata + 0.5 Opercularia hispidula + 0.3 Senecio sp. ‘green’ + 0.5 Banksia grandis 40 3-6 Macrozamia riedlei 1 0.5-1 Leucopogon capitellatus 3 <0.8 Xanthorrhoea gracilis 5 4 *Briza maxima 2 0.2 *Oxalis corniculata + 0.05 *Acaena echinata + 0.05 Tetratheca hirsuta + 0.1 Leucopogon verticillatus + 0.5 Neurachne alopecuroidea + 0.2 *Sonchus oleraceus + 0.2 Centrolepis aristata + 0.2 Stylidium piliferum + 0.02 Caesia micrantha Stackhousia monogyna Lechenaultia biloba
Opp. Colls. Philotheca spicata Kennedia coccinea Haemodorum simplex *Lupinus luteus Isotropis cuneifolia Hibbertia hypericoides Labichea punctata Agonis flexuosa *Acacia longifolia Loxocarya cinerea Hakea amplexicaulis *Chamaecytisus palmensis Eucalyptus cornuta
55 Flora & Vegetation Assessment Greenbushes Study Area
Site GB4 Date 14/10/2011 Recorder JB / DB Photo JB: 1887, DB: 70, GPS: 299 Shape/Size 10 m x 10 m Datum GDA94 Zone 50 H Easting 413646 Northing 6252536 Habitat Upper Hill Slope Aspect South-east, 145° Soil Orange Brown, Sandy Loam Rock Type Laterite – boulders + pebbles % Bare Ground 10 %Logs:Leaves 5 : 85 Vegetation Condition Good Disturbance Type Access Roads, Weeds, Logging, Rehabilitation, Dieback Fire Age Moderate (2-5 yr) Vegetation Eucalyptus marginata subsp. marginata, Corymbia calophylla and Eucalyptus patens Dense Forest over Banksia grandis and Bossiaea linophylla Open Scrub over Pteridium esculentum Low Scrub A.
Species % Cover Height (m)
Eucalyptus marginata subsp. marginata 35 10-30 Corymbia calophylla 30 10-30 Pteridium esculentum 25 1.5 Bossiaea linophylla 2 2-3 *Watsonia meriana 2 0.5-1 Banksia grandis 4 2-6 Persoonia longifolia 1 2-3 *Chamaecytisus palmensis 1.5 2-4 Podocarpus drouynianus 0.5 0.5-1 Macrozamia riedlei + 1.5 Acacia extensa + 0.5 Neurachne alopecuroides + 0.03 Xanthorrhoea gracilis 0.5 0.5-1 Opercularia hispidula 1 0.2 *Hypochaeris glabra + 0.05 Leucopogon capitellatus + 0.2 Tetrarrhena laevis 1 0.1 Leucopogon verticillatus 0.5 0.5-1 Scaevola calliptera + 0.02 Lagenophora huegelii + 0.05 Lomandra sp. ‘large balls’ + 0.1 Stylidium piliferum + 0.05 Trichocline spathulata + 0.1 *Aira caryophyllea + 0.1 *Briza maxima + 0.2 Chamaescilla corymbosa + 0.1 Hovea chorizemifolia + 0.05
56 Flora & Vegetation Assessment Greenbushes Study Area
Species % Cover Height (m)
Bossiaea ornata + 0.1 Senecio hispidulus var. hispidulus + 0.2 Opercularia apiciflora + 0.1 Thysanotus patersonii + Cl Drosera pallida + Cl Kennedia coccinea + Cr/Cl Daucus glochidiatus + 0.05 Stylidium amoenum + 0.05 *Solanum nigrum + 0.5 *Conyza bonariensis + 0.15 Schoenus asperocarpus + 0.2 Eucalyptus patens 10 10-30 Senecio sp. + 1 Sonchus sp. + 1.3 *Cirsium vulgare + 0.1
57 Flora & Vegetation Assessment Greenbushes Study Area
Site GB5 Date 14/10/2011 Recorder DB / JB Photo GPS: 301, JB: 1888, DB: 73 Shape/Size 10 m x 10 m Datum GDA94 Zone 50 H Easting 414131 Northing 6251590 Habitat Flat Aspect East, 90° Soil Brown, Clay Loam, Sandy Rock Type Laterite – pebbles % Bare Ground 35 %Logs:Leaves 3 : 15 Vegetation Condition Degraded Disturbance Type Access tracks / mining / drainage alterations / weeds / dam Fire Age Very Old (>10 yr) Vegetation Eucalyptus rudis Open Low Woodland A over Hakea prostrata, Taxandria parviceps and Acacia saligna Scrub over Juncus pallidus and Mesomelaena stygia Low Heath C
Species % Cover Height (m)
Eucalyptus rudis 10-30 3-15 Hakea prostrate 15 2-3 Taxandria parviceps 5 2-3 Acacia saligna 15 1-2.5 Taxandria linearifolia 2 2-3 Hypocalymma angustifolium 6 0.5 *Arctotheca calendula + Patersonia umbrosa var. xanthina + 0.02 *Bromus diandrus + 0.2 Mesomelaena stygia 2 0.4 Conostylis aculeata + 0.5 *Aira caryophyllea + 0.5 Siloxerus humifusus + 0.01 *Disa bracteata + 0.1 Centrolepis aristata 20 0.02 *Hypochaeris glabra 0.5 0.2 Drosera glanduligera + 0.02 *Briza maxima + 0.1 *Briza minor + 0.1 *Lysimachia arvensis + 0.1 *Asparagus asparagoides + Cl Cyperus sp. ‘red stem’ + 0.2 *Lotus sp. ‘trifolium’ + 0.2 Meeboldina roycei + 0.6 *Rubus ulmifolius + 0.6 Dianella revoluta + 0.6 Acacia pulchella + 1
58 Flora & Vegetation Assessment Greenbushes Study Area
Species % Cover Height (m)
*Freesia alba x leichtlinii + 0.2 Opp. Colls. Hakea prostrata Kennedia prostrata Callistachys lanceolata Acacia saligna *Acacia pycnantha Eucalyptus rudis *Cortaderia selloana Juncus pallidus Lyginia barbata Mesomelaena stygia
59 Flora & Vegetation Assessment Greenbushes Study Area
Site GB6 Date 17/10/2011 Recorder JB Photo JB: #1889 Shape/Size 10 m x 10 m Datum GDA94 Zone 50 H Easting 414880 Northing 6251684 Habitat Plateau Aspect South-west, 240° Soil Dark Brown, Gravelly Sandy Loam Rock Type Laterite % Bare Ground 5 %Logs:Leaves 10 : 70 Vegetation Condition Very Good Disturbance Type Logging, Weeds, Tracks, Shaft Fire Age Old (5-10 yr) Vegetation Corymbia calophylla and Eucalyptus marginata subsp. marginata Dense Forest over Pteridium esculentum and Leucopogon verticillatus Open Dwarf Scrub C
Species % Cover Height (m)
Corymbia calophylla 65 <30 Eucalyptus marginata subsp. marginata 15 <30 Acacia celastrifolia 2 2 Pteridium esculentum 5 1 Macrozamia riedlei 2 1 Leucopogon verticillatus 4 1 Persoonia longifolia 1.5 0.5-3 Clematis pubescens 5 Cl Drosera pallida + Cl Lagenophora huegelii 0.5 0.1 Acacia pulchella + 1 *Briza maxima 3 0.1 *Oxalis corniculata 1 0.5 *Hypochaeris glabra + 0.15 Hibbertia commutata 0.5 0.5 *Asparagus asparagoides + Cl Hibbertia amplexicaulis 1.5 0.3 Haemodorum laxum + 0.3 Tremandra diffusa + 0.2 Stylidium adnatum + 0.1 Geranium solanderi + 0.1 Leucopogon capitellatus 3 0.5 Pentapeltis peltigera + 0.1 Senecio sp. ‘green’ + 0.2 Scaevola calliptera + 0.1 Bossiaea ornata + 0.2 *Aira caryophyllea + 0.1
60 Flora & Vegetation Assessment Greenbushes Study Area
Species % Cover Height (m)
*Acaena echinata + 0.1 Daucus glochidiatus + 0.1 *Plantago lanceolata + 0.1 Opercularia hispidula + 0.5 Austrostipa campylachne + 0.1 Hardenbergia comptoniana 0.5 Cl Kennedia coccinea + 0.1 Burchardia multiflora + 0.3 Podocarpus drouynianus + 1 Sowerbaea laxiflora + 0.5
Opp. Colls. Chorizema nanum Hyalosperma cotula Grevillea diversifolium Patersonia occidentalis Pterostylis recurva Gompholobium marginatum Conostylis pusilla *Acacia decurrens Thelymitera macrophylla Styidium schoenoides Logania serpyllifolia
61 Flora & Vegetation Assessment Greenbushes Study Area
Site GB7 Date 17/10/2011 Recorder JB Photo JB: #1892 Shape/Size 10 m x 10 m Datum GDA94 Zone 50 H Easting 415238 Northing 6251663 Habitat Plateau / Upper Hill Slope Aspect South-west, 240° Soil Brown, Loamy Sand Rock Type Laterite % Bare Ground 15 %Logs:Leaves 5 : 75 Vegetation Condition Very Good Disturbance Type Logging / tracks / weeds Fire Age Old (5-10yr) Vegetation Corymbia calophylla and Eucalyptus marginata subsp. marginata dense forest over C. calophylla and E. marginata low forest over Leucopogon capitellatus, Phyllanthus calycinus and Pteridium esculentum low heath
Species % Cover Height (m)
Corymbia calophylla 50 <30 Eucalyptus marginata subsp. marginata 28 <30 Persoonia longifolia 2 1-3 Leucopogon capitellatus 6.5 0.5 Pteridium esculentum 4.5 1 Macrozamia riedlei + 1 Bossiaea ornata 1 0.3 Hakea amplexicaulis 0.5 0.5 Phyllantus calycinus 8.5 0.3 Leucopogon propinquus 1.5 <1 Tetraria capillaris 2 0.3 Lomandra sp. ‘big balls’ 1 0.2 Desmocladus fasciculatus 5 0.1 Dampiera linearis + 0.1 Lagenophora huegelii 0.5 0.1 Tetratheca hirsuta + 0.1 *Briza maxima 12 0.2 *Hypochaeris glabra 0.5 0.1 Hibbertia amplexicaulis + 0.3 Lepidosperma tenue 1.5 0.6 Leucopogon verticillatus + 0.5 Daucus glochidiatus 0.5 0.1 Acacia celastrifolia + 1.8 Acacia nervosa + 0.1 Hibbertia commutata + 0.1 Hakea lissocarpha + 0.8 Labichea punctata + 0.3
62 Flora & Vegetation Assessment Greenbushes Study Area
Species % Cover Height (m)
*Lysimachia arvensis + 0.05 *Oxalis corniculata + 0.05 *Plantago lanceolata + 0.1 *Acaena echinata + 0.1 Kennedia coccinea + Cr Sowerbaea laxiflora 0.5 0.5 Chamaescilla corymbosa + 0.05 Drosera erythrorhiza + 0.05 Velleia trinervis + 0.1 Conostylis aculeata 0.5 0.2 Caesia micrantha + 0.3 Austrostipa campylachne + 0.6 Opercularia hispidula + 0.5 Astroloma pallidum 0.5 0.1 Philotheca spicata + 0.3 Drosera pallida + Cl *Aira caryophyllea + 0.1
Opp. Colls. Thysanotus tenellus Pimelea rosea Patersonia babianoides
63 Flora & Vegetation Assessment Greenbushes Study Area
Site GB8 Date 17/10/2011 Recorder JB Photo JB: #1894, #1895 Shape/Size 10 m x 10 m Datum GDA94 Zone 50 H Easting 414256 Northing 6250592 Habitat Edge of Undulating Plateau Aspect North, 10° Soil Brown, Loamy Sand - Gravelly Rock Type Laterite % Bare Ground 3 %Logs:Leaves 10 : 90 Vegetation Condition Very Good Disturbance Type Logging / Access Track / Powerline / Weeds Fire Age Old (5-10 yr) Vegetation Corymbia calophylla and Eucalyptus marginata subsp. marginata Dense Forest over Banksia grandis, Persoonia longifolia and Corymbia calophylla Low Woodland A over Bossiaea ornata and Leucopogon capitellatus Dwarf Scrub C
Species % Cover Height (m)
Eucalyptus marginata subsp. marginata 15 <30 Corymbia calophylla 70 <30 Banksia grandis 5 1-6 Persoonia longifolia 3 1-4 Xanthorrhoea preissii 1 1-4 Drosera pallida + Cl Hibbertia commutata + 0.5 Leucopogon capitellatus 2 0.3 Macrozamia riedlei 0.5 1 Opercularia hispidula 1.5 0.5 Bossiaea ornata 15 0.6 Tetraria capillaris 8 0.5 Sowerbaea laxiflora + 0.4 Lagenophora huegelii 1.5 0.1 Clematis pubescens 2 Cl Tetrarrhena laevis + 0.3 Thysanotus patersonii + 0.3 Chamaescilla corymbosa + 0.5 Philotheca spicata + 0.4 Haemodorum laxum + 0.3 Hibbertia amplexicaulis 0.5 0.4 Leucopogon propinquus 1 0.3 Caladenia 1 (ledge?) + 0.15 Caladenia 2 (red straight stem?) + 0.15 Daucus glochidiatus + 0.1 Caladenia 3 (mesquite?) + 0.15
64 Flora & Vegetation Assessment Greenbushes Study Area
Species % Cover Height (m)
Acacia pulchella + 0.8 *Oxalis corniculata + 0.1 Leucopogon verticillatus 0.5 0.5 Tetratheca hirsuta + 0.8 Acacia extensa + 1 Lepidosperma tenue + 0.6 *Acaena echinata + 0.05 Scaevola calliptera + 0.1 Levenhookia pusilla + 0.1 Stylidium calcaratum + 0.1 *Briza maxima + 0.2 *Aira caryophyllea + 0.05 Senecio sp. ‘green’ + 0.2 Grevillea ?manglesioides + 0.2 Lomandra sericea + 0.5 Billardiera heterophylla + 0.3 Caladenia flava + 0.5 Burchardia multiflora + 0.1 Dampiera linearis + 0.2 Logania serpyllifolia + 0.3 Phyllanthus calycinus + 0.4 Pentapeltis peltigera + 0.1 Astroloma ciliatum + 0.2 Podocarpus drouynianus + 1 Labichea puncata + 0.2
Opp. Colls. Jacksonia furcellata Patersonia occidentalis *Acacia pycnantha
65 Flora & Vegetation Assessment Greenbushes Study Area
Site GB9 Date 17/10/2011 Recorder JB Photo JB: #1913 Shape/Size 10 m x 10 m Datum GDA94 Zone 50 H Easting 414937 Northing 6249619 Habitat Upper Hill Slope / Plateau Aspect North-north-east, 25° Soil Dark Brown, Loamy Sand Rock Type Laterite % Bare Ground 5 %Logs:Leaves 15 : 70 Vegetation Condition Good Disturbance Type Logging / Pasture nearby / Weeds / Tracks / Dieback Fire Age Old (5-10 yr) Vegetation Corymbia calophylla and Eucalyptus marginata subsp. marginata Dense Forest over Banksia grandis, C. calophylla and E. marginata Low Woodland A over Pimelea rosea, Pteridium esculentum and Macrozamia riedlei Low Heath C.
Species % Cover Height (m)
Corymbia calophylla 65 >30 Eucalyptus marginata subsp. marginata 15 >30 Banksia grandis 6 2-6 Persoonia longifolia 2 1-4 Leucopogon verticillatus 2 1 Macrozamia riedlei 5 1 Pimelea rosea 4 1 Geranium solanderi 2 0.15 Leucopogon propinquus 7 1 Pteridium esculentum 20 1 Conostylis aculeata + 0.2 Leucopogon capitellatus 0.5 0.4 Hardenbergia comptoniana 2 Cl *Anthoxanthum odoratum 6 0.6 Geranium retrorsum + 0.1 *Lysimachia arvensis 4 0.15 Daucus glochidiatus 0.5 0.1 Lagenophora huegelii + 0.1 *Disa bracteata + 0.2 *Hypochaeris glabra + 0.1 *Galium aparine 0.5 0.05 *Oxalis corniculata + 0.1 *Lotus angustissimus 2 0.5 Hibbertia amplexicaulis 0.5 0.2 Phyllantus calycinus + 0.5 *Petrorhagia dubia + 0.6
66 Flora & Vegetation Assessment Greenbushes Study Area
Species % Cover Height (m)
*Aira caryophyllea + 0.1 *Sonchus oleraceus + 0.1 *Acaena echinata + 0.1 *Lactuca serriola + 0.6 Hibbertia commutata + 0.2 *Fumaria muralis + 0.2 *Briza minor + 0.1 *Asparagus asparagoides + Cl Senecio sp. ‘green’ + 0.8 Clematis pubescens + Cl Logania serpyllifolia + 0.2 *Cyperus tenellus + 0.1 *Briza maxima 2 0.15 Acacia extensa + 1.2 *Trifolium campestre 20 0.2
Opp. Colls. Ranunculus colonorum *Centaurium tenuiflorum
67 Flora & Vegetation Assessment Greenbushes Study Area
Site GB10 Date 18/10/11 Recorder JB / DB Photo JB:1917, DB: 74, GPS:302 Shape/Size 10 x 10 m Datum GDA94 Zone 50 H Easting 412188 Northing 6253181 Habitat Lower Hill Slope (adjacent to Lake) Aspect West, 270° Soil Brown, Loam Rock Type Laterite – boulders, cobbles, pebbles % Bare Ground 9 %Logs:Leaves 6 : 50 Vegetation Condition Good Disturbance Type Weeds, access tracks, altered drainage regime, soil movement from mine upslope. Fire Age Very Old (>10 yr) Vegetation Corymbia calophylla Forest over Hakea prostrata, *Acacia pycnantha and C. calophylla Scrub over Phyllanthus calycinus and Hypocalymma angustifolium Dwarf Scrub C
Species % Cover Height
Phyllanthus calycinus 20 0.5 Corymbia calophylla 15 10-30 Hakea prostrata 2-4 Burchardia multiflora 0.5 Macrozamia riedlei 2 1.5 *Acacia pycnantha 3 2-8 Acacia extensa 4 1-2 Acacia celastrifolia 0.5 1 Lepidosperma tenue 4 0.5 Neurachne alopecuroidea + 0.1 Desmocladus fasciculatus 6 0.1 Thysantous patersonii + 0.1 Tetraria capillaris 20 0.3 *Briza maxima 6 0.2 *Hypochaeris glabra 5 0.2 *Aira caryophyllea 3 0.1 Levenhookia pusilla + 0.02 Gompholobium marginatum + 0.05 Xanthosia candida + 0.05 Acacia saligna + 0.5 Hakea lissocarpha + 1.6 Hypocalymma angustifolium + 0.2-1.5 Haemodorum laxum + 0.5 Daucus glochidiatus + 0.1 Trachymene pilosa + 0.1 Agrostocrinum hirsutum + 0.5
68 Flora & Vegetation Assessment Greenbushes Study Area
Species % Cover Height
Lagenophora huegelii 1 0.1 Drosera pallida + 0.1 Patersonia occidentalis + 0.2 Bossiaea ornata + 0.3 Dampiera linearis + 0.1 Xanthorrhoea preissii + 0.2 Hibbertia hypericoides + 0.2 Astroloma pallidum + 0.2 Leucopogon capitellatus + 0.2 Chamaescilla corymbosa + 0.05 Stylidium piliferum + 0.05 Lyperanthus serratus + 0.5 Thelymitra antennifera 0.5 0.2 *Lotus angustissimus + 0.05 Comesperma calymega + 0.05 Drosera glanduligera + 0.03 *Lysimachia arvensis + 0.05 Banksia dallanneyi + 0.02 Tetraria octandra + 0.2 Lomandra sericea + 0.2 Lechenaultia biloba + 0.1 Stylidium calcaratum + 0.05 Stylidium sp. ‘spikey grey’ + 0.05 Conostylis pusilla + 0.05
Opp. Colls Daviesia decurrens
69 Flora & Vegetation Assessment Greenbushes Study Area
Site GB11 Date 18/10/2011 Recorder DB / JB Photo JB: #1933, DB: #79 Shape/Size 10 m x 10 m Datum GDA94 Zone 50 H Easting 411830 Northing 6252019 Habitat Hill Slope – Mid Aspect North West, 320° Soil Brown, Loamy Sand Rock Type Laterite % Bare Ground 18 %Logs:Leaves 8 : Vegetation Condition Very Good Disturbance Type Heavy logging, weeds, access tracks Fire Age Young (1-2 yr) Vegetation Corymbia calophylla and Eucalyptus marginata subsp. marginata Dense Forest over Leucopogon capitellatus, Banksia dallanneyi and Bossiaea ornata Dwarf Scrub C
Species % Cover Height (m)
Eucalyptus marginata subsp. marginata 35 10-30 Corymbia calophylla 40 10-30 Rhodanthe citrina + 0.08 Hakea amplexicaulis + 4 Leucopogon verticiliatus + 1 Macrozamia riedlei 2 1 Banksia dallanneyi 5 0.2 Hakea lissocarpha 2.5 0.5-1 Leucopogon propinquus 1.5 0.5 Podocarpus drouynianus 0.5 1 Bossiaea ornata 4 0.3 Patersonia babianoides + 0.1 Leucopogon capitellatus 4 0.5 Hypocalymma angustifolium 2 0.3 Scaevola calliptera + 0.1 Hovea chorizemifolia + 0.2 Opercularia hispidula + 0.2 Acacia extensa 1 1.2 Stylidium calcaratum + 0.1 Trachymene pilosa 0.5 0.1 Lagenophora huegelii 0.5 0.1 *Hypochaeris glabra + 0.1 *Aira caryphyllea + 0.1 Daucus glochidiatus + 0.1 Neurachne alopecuriodea + 0.2 Hibbertia amplexicaulis + 0.5 Kennedia coccinea + Creeper
70 Flora & Vegetation Assessment Greenbushes Study Area
Species % Cover Height (m)
Burchardia multiflora + 0.5 Thysanotus patersonii + Climber Senecio sp. ‘green’ 0.5 0.5 Desmocladus fascicularis 0.5 0.1 Persoonia longifolia + 0.5 Levenhookia pusilla + 0.1 Xanthorrhoea gracilis 1.5 < 0.8 Tetraria capillaris 0.5 0.5 *Briza minima + 0.05 Ptilotus manglesii + 0.1 Quinetia urvillei + 0.05 Stackhousia monogyna + 0.1 Hibbertia commutata + 0.2 Haemodorum laxus + 0.5 Philotheca spicata + 0.8 Acacia celastrifolia + 0.8 Caladenia flava + 0.2 Thomasia grandiflora 1.5 0.1 *Oxalis corniculata + 0.1 Astroloma pallidum + 0.2 Conostylis pusilla + 0.1 Stylidium schoenoides + 0.2 Sphaerolobium medium + 0.2 Drosera pallida + Climber
Opp. Coll. Acacia obovata
71 Flora & Vegetation Assessment Greenbushes Study Area
Site GB12 Date 18/10/2011 Recorder DB / JB Photo JB: #1934, DB: #80, GPS: #304 Shape/Size 10 m x 10 m Datum GDA94 Zone 50 H Easting 414578 Northing 6251436 Habitat Mid Slope (Hill) Aspect South West, 220° Soil Brown, Dark, Gravelly, Sandy Loam Rock Type Laterite % Bare Ground 10 %Logs:Leaves 10 : 75 Vegetation Condition Very Good Disturbance Type Logging, Access Tracks, Weeds Fire Age Young (1-2 yr) Vegetation Corymbia calophylla and Eucalyptus marginata subsp. marginata Dense Forest over Bossiaea ornata, Leucopogon capitellatus and Xanthorrhoea gracilis Dwarf Scrub C
Species % Cover Height (m)
Eucalyptus marginata subsp. marginata 25 10-30 Corymbia calophylla 50 10-30 Macrozamia riedlei 2 1-5 Burchardia multiflora + 0.6 Leucopogon capitellatus 5 0.4 Bossiaea ornata 10 Persoonia longifolia 2.5 0.5 Kennedia coccinea + 0.2 Haemodorum laxum + 0.6 Opercularia hispidula 1.5 0.3 Clematis pubescens 1.5 Climber Lomandra sericea + 0.5 Lagenophora huegelii 0.5 0.1 *Hypochaeris glabra + 0.15 Scaevola calliptera + 0.2 Acacia urophylla 1 1 Daucus glochidiatus + 0.1 Lomandra sp. ‘big balls’ + 0.3 Senecio sp. ‘green’ + 0.1 Hibbertia amplexicaulis 0.5 1 Xanthorrhoea gracilis 4 1 Hibbertia commutata 1 0.4 Leucopogon verticillatus + 0.1 Astroloma pallidum + 0.2 Patersonia babianoides + 0.05 *Oxalis corniculata + 0.08 Astroloma ciliatum + 0.2
72 Flora & Vegetation Assessment Greenbushes Study Area
Species % Cover Height (m)
Pentapeltis peltigera + 0.1 Caesia micranthra + 0.2 Austrostipa campylachne + 0.18 Trachymene pilosa + 0.1 *Briza maxima + 0.1 Thomasia grandiflora + 0.3 *Briza minor + 0.1 *Aira caryophyllea + 0.1 *Conyza bonariensis + 0.05 Neurachne alopecuroidea + 0.1 Hovea chorizemifolia + 0.2 Lomandra caespitosa + 0.3
73 Flora & Vegetation Assessment Greenbushes Study Area
Site GB13 Date 18/10/2011 Recorder DB / JB Photo JB 1935, DB 87 Shape/Size 10 m x 10 m Datum GDA94 Zone 50 H Easting 410250 Northing 6250199 Habitat Unincised drainage line (swale) Aspect West, 270° Soil Brown, Loam Rock Type Laterite % Bare Ground 35 %Logs:Leaves 3 : 15 Vegetation Condition Very Good Disturbance Type Track nearby, weeds, logging Fire Age Young (1-2 yr) Vegetation Eucalyptus marginata subsp. marginata, Corymbia calophylla Forest over Xanthorrhoea preissii Open Scrub over Logania serpyllifolia subsp. angustifolia, Banksia dallanneyi and Bossiaea ornata Dwarf Scrub C
Species % Cover Height (m)
Caladenia harringtoniae + 0.26 Eucalyptus marginata subsp. marginata 15 10-30 Corymbia calophylla 35 10-30 Xanthorrhoea preissii 5 2-4 Acacia pulchella 1 0.4 Logamia serpyllifolia subsp. angustifolia 15 0.1 Hibbertia amplexicaulis + 0.2 Leucopogon propinquus 0.5 0.5 Isotropis cuneifolia + 0.1 Senecio sp. ‘green’ 3 0.5 Lagenophora huegelii 1 0.1 Daucus glochidiatus + 0.1 Desmocladus fasciculatus 0.5 0.1 Xanthosia candida + 0.1 Neurachne alopecuriodea 0.5 0.1 Hibbertia commutate 1.5 0.25 Stylidium calcaratum + 0.1 *Briza minor + 0.1 Drosera pallida + Cl Trachymene pilosa 1.5 0.1 Banksia dallanneyi 1 0.15 Xanthorrhoea gracilis 0.5 0.8 Philotheca spicata + 0.5 Astroloma ciliatum + 0.25 *Briza maxima + 0.1 Gompholobium marginatum + 0.05 Podolepis canescens 1 0.5
74 Flora & Vegetation Assessment Greenbushes Study Area
Species % Cover Height (m)
Tetraria capillaris + 0.25 Leucopogon verticillatus + 0.2 Hakea lissocarpha + 0.3 Conostylis aculeata 1 0.05 Thysanotus patersonii + Cl Patersonia occidentalis + 0.5 Levenhookia pusilla + 0.03 Siloxerus humifusus + 0.05 *Oxalis corniculata + 0.03 *Aira caryophyllea + 0.01 Tetratheca hirsute + 0.1 Centrolepis aristata + 0.05 Austrostipa sp. + 0.05 Lomandra sp. ‘big balls’ + 0.5 Caesia micrantha + 0.3 *Hypochaeris glabra + 0.15 Lomandra caespitosa + 0.3 Kennedia prostrata + 0.1 Chamaescilla corymbosa + 0.1 Trymalium ledifolium + 1 Tetratheca setigera + 0.2 Acacia alata +
Opp. Colls. Bracyscome ciliocarpa Gastrolobium ebracteolatum Trymalium odoratissimum
75 Flora & Vegetation Assessment Greenbushes Study Area
Site GB14 Date 18/10/2011 Recorder DB / JB Photo JB: #1935 – 1937, DB: 82 Shape/Size 10 m x 10 m Datum GDA94 Zone 50 H Easting 409849 Northing 6251204 Habitat Lower Hill Slope Aspect North-North-East, 20° Soil Orange, Brown, Lateritic, Sandy Loam Rock Type Laterite % Bare Ground 25-30 %Logs:Leaves 2 : 30 Vegetation Condition Very Good Disturbance Type Farmland / Weeds / Access Tracks / Logging Fire Age Moderate (2-5 yr) Vegetation Corymbia calophylla Woodland over Xanthorrhoea preissii and Corymbia calophylla over Open Low Scrub A, Hypocalymma angustifolium, Hakea lissocarpha, Banksia dallanneyi Low Heath C.
Species % Cover Height (m)
Caladenia sp. ‘white’ (RG6) 0.3 Dampiera alata + 0.5 Patersonia pygmaea + 0.1 Acacia obovata + 0.2 *Oxalis corniculata + 0.1 Lepidosperma tenue + 0.5 Chamaescilla corymbosa + 0.05 Hibbertia amplexicaulis + 0.2 Acacia extensa + 0.8 Dampiera linearis + 0.2 *Disa bracteata + 0.1 Tetraria octandra + 0.25 Leucopogon propinquus + 0.65 Acacia stenoptera + 0.5 Corymbia calophylla 15 3-25 Xanthorrhoea preissii 5 1-2.5 Eucalyptus marginata subsp. marginata + 5-20 Hypocalymma angustifolium 55 0.5 Hakea lissocarpha 15 0.5-0.8 Trymalium ledifolium 3 0.6 Pimelea rosea 1.5 0.5 Drosera erythrorhiza + 0.01 Anigozanthos manglesii + 0.5 Phyllanthus calycinus 1 0.3 Banksia dallanneyi 7 0.2 Hemigenia incana 0.5 0.5 Gompholobium marginatum 0.5 0.1
76 Flora & Vegetation Assessment Greenbushes Study Area
Species % Cover Height (m)
*Parentucellia latifolia + 0.15 Stylidium calcaratum + 0.05 Neurachne alopecuroidea 1 0.2 Hibbertia commutata + 0.2 Trachymene pilosa 0.5 0.05 Podolepis canescens + 0.5 Levenhookia pusilla + 0.02 Poranthera huegelii + 0.03 Conostylis pusilla + 0.05 Stylidium piliferum 0.5 0.1 Schoenus caespititius 2 0.1 Tetraria capillaris 2 0.4 *Acaena echinata + 0.1 Stylidium caespitosum 0.5 0.02 *Briza maxima + 0.1 Desmocladus fasciculatus 0.5 0.1 Lagenophora huegelii + 0.1 Elythranthera brunonis + 0.1 Astroloma pallidum + 0.1 Stackhousia monogyna + 0.1 Daviesia inflata + 0.3 Centrolepis aristata + 0.05 Acacia pulchella + 0.8 Laxmannia squarrosa + 0.1 Lomandra caespitosa + 0.6 Rhodanthe cintrina + 0.1 Astroloma ciliatum + 0.1 *Aira caryophyllea + 0.1 Baekea camphorosmae + 05 Caesia micrantha + 0.5 Conostylis aculeata + 0.3 Scaevola calliptera + 0.1
77 Flora & Vegetation Assessment Greenbushes Study Area
Site GB15 Date 19/10/2011 Recorder JB / JW Photo JB: #1941 Shape/Size 10 m x 10 m Datum GDA94 Zone 50 H Easting 408406 Northing 6253015 Habitat Mid Hill Slope Aspect North-east, 50° Soil Brown, Sandy Loam Rock Type Laterite – pebbles and light outcrops % Bare Ground 7 %Logs:Leaves 6 : 70 Vegetation Condition Very Good Disturbance Type Fire, Logging, Road Fire Age Young (1-2 yr) Vegetation Eucalyptus marginata subsp. marginata, Corymbia calophylla Dense Forest over Eucalyptus marginata subsp. marginata, C. calophylla and Xanthorrhoea preissii Open Scrub over Leucopogon capitellatus, Bossiaea ornata and Macrozamia riedlei Dwarf Scrub C
Species % Cover Height (m)
Eucalyptus marginata subsp. marginata 50 10-30 Corymbia calophylla 25 10-30 Macrozamia riedlei 35 1 Pteridium esculentum 3 1 Leucopogon propinquus 3 0.5 Bossiaea ornata 12 0.5 Clematis pubescens 3 Cl Xanthorrhoea gracilis 3 0.5-1 Hibbertia commutata 1 0.2 Trachymene pilosa 1 0.05 *Aira caryophyllea 1.5 0.05 *Hypochaeris glabra 2 0.05 Levenhookia pusilla + 0.02 *Briza maxima 6 0.4 Stylidium calcaratum 0.5 0.1 Leucopogon capitellatus 6 0.2 Thysanotus patersonii + Cl Lagenophora huegelii + 0.05 Tremandra diffusa + 0.1 *Oxalis corniculata + 0.03 Persoonia longifolia 1 0.5 Tetraria capillaris 0.5 0.2 Astroloma pallidum + 0.1 Burchardia multiflora + 0.2 Hibbertia amplexicaulis + 0.2 Scaevola calliptera 1 0.2
78 Flora & Vegetation Assessment Greenbushes Study Area
Species % Cover Height (m)
Drosera pallida + Cl Acacia celastrifolia 6 0.5-1.5 Daucus glochidiatus + 0.1 Acacia urophylla + 0.5 Dampiera linearis + 0.2 *Acaena echinata + 0.1 *Briza minor 2 0.1 Logania serpyllifolia + 0.05 Opercularia hispidula 1.5 0.5 Stackhousia monogyna + 0.2-0.35 *Lotus angustissimus + 0.2 Hakea lissocarpha 2 1 Kennedia coccinea + Cl Sowerbaea laxiflora + 0.2 Tetratheca hirsuta + 0.2 Patersonia babianoides + 0.1 Lomandra sp. ‘flexi green’ + 0.35 Leucopogon verticillatus + 0.5 Phyllanthus calycinus + 0.3 Xanthorrhoea preissii 1 1-2 Cassytha racemosa + Cl Hakea amplexicaulis + 1 Diuris longifolia + 0.2 *Conyza bonariensis + 0.1
Opp. Colls. Grevillea sp. Diplolaena drummondii *Acacia decurrens Banksia littoralis
79 Flora & Vegetation Assessment Greenbushes Study Area
Site GB16 Date 19/10/2011 Recorder JB / JW Photo JB: #1947 - 1949 Shape/Size 10 m x 10 m Datum GDA94 Zone 50 H Easting 409982 Northing 6252565 Habitat Small granite outcrop amongst Jarrah /Marri Forest Aspect West-south-west, 240° Soil Red, Brown, Clay Loam Rock Type Granite outcrops and boulders (Laterite pebbles) % Bare Ground 25 %Logs:Leaves 1 : 2 Vegetation Condition Very Good Disturbance Type Access track Fire Age Old (5-10 yr) Vegetation Corymbia calophylla Open Low Woodland over Leptospermum erubescens, Xanthorrhoea preissii and Allocasuarina humilis Heath A over Babingtonia camphorosmae, Banksia dallanneyi and Leucopogon capilletallus Low Heath C
Species % Cover Height (m)
Leptospermum erubescens 55 1-2 Allocasuarina humilis 8 1-2.5 Corymbia calophylla 2 2-6 Thysanotus patensonii + Cl Babingtonia camphorosmae 21 0.4 *Aira caryophyllea + 0.05 Gompholobium marginatum 0.5 0.1 Trachymene pilosa + 0.1 Leucopogon pusilla + 0.04 Centrolepis aristata + 0.05 Neurachne alopecuroidea + 0.2 Stackhousia monogyna + 0.1 Haemodorum laxum 0.5 0.3 Chamaescilla corymbosa + 0.05 Hemigenia incana + 0.3 Cryptandra arbutiflora var. tubulosa 0.5 0.3 Pimelea longiflora subsp. longiflora 0.5 0.2 Laxmania squarrosa + 0.1 Leucopogon capitellatus 2.5 0.6 Drosera pallida + Cl Hypocalymma angustifolium 2 0.5 Acacia nervosa + 0.3 Pterostylis pyramidalis + 0.2 Banksia dallanneyi 7 0.2 Grevillea quercifolia 1 0.3 Drosera erythrorhiza + 0.01
80 Flora & Vegetation Assessment Greenbushes Study Area
Species % Cover Height (m)
Stylidium piliferum + 0.05 Burchardia multiflora + 0.5 Hakea lissocarpha 1.5 0.5-1 Xanthorrhoea preissii 5 1-2 Lomandra purpurea + 0.25 Thomasia paniculata + 0.2 Tetraria octandra + 0.25 Astroloma pallidum + 0.1 Pterostylis recurva + 0.45 Caladenia macrostylis + 0.5 Gompholobium preissii + 0.1 Diuris longifolia + 0.1 Conostylis pusilla 0.5 0.07 Schoenus caespititius? 0.5 0.04 Tetraria capillaris 1 0.3 Caladenia flava + 0.1 Desmocladus fasciculatus + 0.15 Hibbertia commutata + 0.15 Schoenus unispiculatus + 0.1 Comesperma ciliatum + Cl Pimelea longiflora subsp. longiflora + 0.35 Acacia pulchella var. glaberrima + 0.2 Cheilanthes sieberi? + 0.1 Stylidium calcaratum + 0.1
Opp. Colls. Grevillea quercifolia Hibbertia commutata Daveisia preissii Stylidium spathulatum subsp. spathulatum
81 Flora & Vegetation Assessment Greenbushes Study Area
Site GB17 Date 19/10/2011 Recorder JB / JW Photo JB: #1972, #1973 Shape/Size 10 m x 10 m Datum GDA94 Zone 50 H Easting 409330 Northing 6256377 Habitat Drainage line / zone Aspect WSW, 240° Soil Brown, Sandy Clay Loam Rock Type NA % Bare Ground 1 %Logs:Leaves 5 : 40 Vegetation Condition Very Good Disturbance Type Weeds, access track Fire Age Very Old (>10 yr) Vegetation Eucalyptus rudis and Corymbia calophylla Forest over Banksia littoralis Open Low Woodland A over Trymalium odoratissimum subsp. odoratissimum Dense Thicket.
Species % Cover Height (m)
Eucalyptus rudis 58 10-30 Banksia littoralis 2.5 5-7 Trymalium odoratissimum subsp. odoratissimum 80 2-5 Xanthorrhoea preissii 5 1-2.5 Acacia pulchella var. pulchella 1 1-2 Taxandria linearfolia 10 1.5-3 Chorizema nanum 5 1-2 Lomandra pauciflora 6 0.3 Lasiopetalum floribundum 0.5 0.5-1 Tremandra diffusa 3 0.15 Hypoxis occidentalis + 0.1 Tetrarrhena laevis 0.5 0.3 Cassytha racemosa forma racemosa 1 Cl Opercularia hispidula + 0.5 Pteridium esculentum 2 1-2 Lepidosperma tetraquetrum 7 1-2 Gahnia trifida 1 2 Lepidosperma gladiatum 2 2 Chamaescilla corymbosa + 0.2 Lomandra caespitosa 1 0.3 Lomandra sp. ‘green flexi’ + 0.1 Leucopogon verticillatus + 0.3 Thomasia paniculata 0.5 0.15 Hibbertia cunninghamii + 0.2 Neurachne alopecuroidea + 0.1 *Hypochaeris glabra + 0.02 Astroloma ciliatum + 0.1
82 Flora & Vegetation Assessment Greenbushes Study Area
Species % Cover Height (m)
Cheiranthera preissiana var. planifolia 0.5 Cl Leucopogon capitellatus + 0.2 Billardiera heterophylla 1.5 Cl *Oxalis corniculata + 0.05 Astartea scoparia + 0.5 Corymbia calophylla 10 10-30 *Dipogon lignosus + 0.25 Xanthosia candida + 0.05 Gastrolobium bilobum + 2-3
Opp. Colls. *Rubus ulmifolius
83 Flora & Vegetation Assessment Greenbushes Study Area
Site GB18 Date 19/10/2011 Recorder JB / JW Photo JB: #1976 Shape/Size 10 m x 10 m Datum GDA94 Zone 50 H Easting 411421 Northing 6255761 Habitat Upper hillslope Aspect S, 185° Soil Grey, Loamy Sand Rock Type Laterite, pebbles and outcrops % Bare Ground 3 %Logs:Leaves 12 : 95 Vegetation Condition Very Good Disturbance Type Access track, weeds, highway, rubbish Fire Age Very Old (>10 yr) Vegetation Eucalyptus marginata subsp. marginata, Corymbia calophylla and Allocasuarina fraseriana Forest over A. fraseriana, Banksia grandis and Persoonia longifolia Low Forest A over Leucopogon capitellatus, Pteridium esculentum and Bossiaea ornata Open Dwarf Scrub C
Species % Cover Height (m)
Allocasuarina fraseriana 40 4-15 Corymbia calophylla 30 10-30 Eucalyptus marginata subsp. marginata 30 10-30 Banksia grandis 2.5 4-8 Pteridium esculentum 5 1 Leucopogon capitellatus 3.5 0.3 Thysanotus patersonii + Cl Tetrarrhena laevis 0.5 0.2 Tetraria capillaris 1 0.4 Lagenophora huegelii + 0.1 Chamaescilla corymbosa 0.5 0.15 Patersonia babianoides + 0.1 Hibbertia amplexicaulis 0.5 0.2 Scaevola calliptera 0.5 0.2 Bossiaea ornata 1.5 0.3 Lomandra sericea + 0.3 Tetratheca hirsuta + 0.1 Hibbertia commutata 0.5 0.1 Astroloma pallidum 0.5 0.1 Persoonia longifolia 2 0.5-2 Desmocladus fasciculatus 4 0.1 Philotheca spicata 0.5 0.2 Macrozamia riedlei 0.5 1 Tetratheca affinis + 0.1 Drosera erythrorhiza + 0.05 Austrostipa sp. + 0.3
84 Flora & Vegetation Assessment Greenbushes Study Area
Species % Cover Height (m)
Caesia micrantha + 0.1 Dampiera linearis + 0.2 Lechenaultia biloba + 0.2 Xanthorrhoea preissii 1 1 Acacia celastifolia 1.5 2.5 Astroloma ciliatum + 0.1 Opercularia hispidula + 0.2
Opp. Colls. Pyrorchris nigricians
85 Flora & Vegetation Assessment Greenbushes Study Area
Site GB19 Date 20/10/2011 Recorder JB / JW Photo JB: #1978 Shape/Size 10 m x 10 m Datum GDA94 Zone 50 H Easting 408243 Northing 6257613 Habitat Hill slope – upper Aspect N, 350° Soil Brown Loam Rock Type Laterite – outcrops, pebbles % Bare Ground 3 %Logs:Leaves 4 : 88 Vegetation Condition Very Good Disturbance Type Pine plantation, tracks, Rail line, weeds Fire Age Old (5-10 yr) Vegetation Eucalyptus marginata subsp. marginata and Corymbia calophylla Dense Forest over Xanthorrhoea preissii, E. marginata, C. calophylla Open Low Scrub A over Bossiaea ornata, Leucopogon capitellatus and Opercularia hispidula Low Heath C.
Species % Cover Height (m)
Eucalyptus marginata subsp. marginata 44 10-30 Corymbia calophylla 43 10-30 Xanthorrhoea preissii 18 1-2 Leucopogon capitellatus 7 0.3 Pentapeltis peltigera + 0.1 Bossiaea ornata 23 0.35 Patersonia babianoides + 0.2 Opercularia hispidula 4 0.35 Daucus glochidiatus + 0.05 Scaevola calliptera 1 0.15 Chamaescilla corymbosa + 0.1 Lagenophora huegelii 0.5 0.2 Austrostipa sp. + 0.5 Hibbertia amplexicaulis 1 0.3 Leucopogon verticillatus 1 0.5-2 Hibbertia commutata + 0.2 Neurachne alopecuroidea + 0.05 Lomandra caespitosa + 0.2 *Briza maxima 2 0.15 Tetrarrhena laevis + 0.3 Dampiera linearis + 0.1 Tetraria capillaris 2 0.4 Caesia micranthra + 0.3 Burchardia multiflora + 0.55 Macrozamia riedlei + 0.5-1 Clematis pubescens + Cl
86 Flora & Vegetation Assessment Greenbushes Study Area
Species % Cover Height (m)
Billardiera heterophylla + Cl Banksia dallanneyi 1 0.2 Haemodorum laxum + 0.5 Pteridium esculentum 0.5 0.5-1 Levenhookia pusilla + 0.02 Thysanotus patersonii + Cl *Hypochaeris glabra + 0.1 Persoonia longifolia + 2 Xanthosia candida + 0.1 *Pinus radiata + 0.3 Lepidosperma tenue + 0.6 Acacia celastrifolia 0.5 1 Desmocladus fasciculatus + 0.1 Diuris longifolia + 0.4 Thelymitra macrophylla + 0.4
OPPORTUNISTIC COLLECTIONS Thelymitra fuscolutea
87 Flora & Vegetation Assessment Greenbushes Study Area
Site GB20 Date 20/10/2011 Recorder JB / JW Photo JB: #2001 Shape/Size 10 m x 10 m Datum GDA94 Zone 50 H Easting 411470 Northing 6258094 Habitat Upper hillslope Aspect NW, 330° Soil Brown, Sandy Loam Rock Type Laterite, outcrops and pebbles % Bare Ground 12 %Logs:Leaves 5 : 60 Vegetation Condition Very Good Disturbance Type Logging, weeds, access track Fire Age Young (1-2 yr) Vegetation Eucalyptus marginata subsp. marginata and Corymbia calophylla Forest over Hibbertia hypericoides, Bossiaea ornata and Acacia extensa Low Heath C
Species % Cover Height (m)
Eucalyptus marginata subsp. marginata 36 10-30 Hibbertia hypericoides 45 0.4 Acacia extensa 3 0.5-1 Banksia grandis 2 1-3 Corymbia calophylla 36 10-30 Bossiaea ornata 10 0.4 Daucus glochidiatus + 0.1 Hibbertia amplexicaulis 0.5 0.35 Persoonia longifolia 1 0.5-2 Macrozamia riedlei 3.5 0.5-1 Senecio sp. ‘green’ 1.5 0.5-1 Astroloma ciliatum + 0.1 Tetraria capillaris 0.5 0.3 Hibbertia commutata + 0.2 Astroloma pallidum 0.5 0.1 Astroloma drummondii + 0.1 Craspedia variabilis + 0.5 Acacia pulchella 1 0.5 Dampiera linearis 0.5 0.2 Lagenophora huegelii 1 0.2 Patersonia occidentalis + 0.3 Austrostipa sp. ‘hairy’ + 0.55 Scaevola calliptera + 0.2 Xanthosia huegelii + 0.2 Pentapeltis peltigera + 0.1 Desmocladus fasciculatus + 0.1 Tetrarrhena laevis + 0.2
88 Flora & Vegetation Assessment Greenbushes Study Area
Species % Cover Height (m)
Philotheca spicata + 0.3 Opercularia hispidula + 0.4 Burchardia multiflora + 0.5 Thysanotus patersonii + Cl Lomandra sericea + 0.35 Tetratheca hirsuta 0.5 0.2 Trachymene pilosa + 0.15 Stylidium calcaratum + 0.1 Patersonia babianoides + 0.15 Kennedia coccinea + Cl Leucopogon capitellatus + 0.25 Levenhookia pusilla + 0.02 *Hypochaeris glabra + 0.05 Opercularia apiciflora + 0.2 Haemodorum laxum + 0.4 Gompholobium preissii + 0.1 *Airia caryophyllea + 0.1 Lomandra caespitosa + 0.25 Chamaescilla corymbosa + 0.1 Podolepis lessonii + 0.1 Centrolepis aristata + 0.05 Lomandra caespitosa + 0.15 Xanthorrhoea gracilis 1 1 Hypocalymma angustifolium 0.5 0.35 Leucopogon propinquus + 0.4 Xanthorrhoea preissii 1.5 1-3
89 Flora & Vegetation Assessment Greenbushes Study Area
Site GB21 Date 20/10/2011 Recorder JB / JW Photo JB: #2005, #2006 Shape/Size 10 m x 10 m Datum GDA94 Zone 50 H Easting 413185 Northing 6256384 Habitat Undulating Plateau / Hillcrest Aspect NE, 45° Soil Brown, Sandy Loam Rock Type Laterite outcrops & pebbles % Bare Ground 4 %Logs:Leaves 8 : 80 Vegetation Condition Very Good Disturbance Type Access track, weeds, rail line, logging Fire Age Old (5-10 yr) Vegetation Eucalyptus marginata subsp. marginata and Corymbia calophylla Dense Forest over Hibbertia hypericoides and Leucopogon capitellatus Low Heath C over Tetraria capillaris and Lepidosperma tenue Very Open Low Sedges
Species % Cover Height (m)
Acacia celastrifolia 1 1-2 Eucalyptus marginata subsp. marginata 55 10-30 Corymbia calophylla 35 10-30 Persoonia longifolia 2 2-4 Banksia grandis + 0.5-4 Leucopogon capitellatus 4 0.3 Tetraria capillaris 5 0.3 Opercularia hispidula 1 0.4 Scaevola calliptera + 0.15 Cassytha racemosa forma racemosa + Cl Bossiaea ornata 5 0.3 Lomandra sericea + 0.3 Burchardia multiflora + 0.3 Hibbertia amplexicaulis 0.5 0.3 Lagenophora huegelii + 0.1 Xanthosia candida + 0.1 Tetratheca hirsuta 0.5 0.2 Dampiera linearis + 0.1 Caesia micranthra + 0.3 Philotheca spicata + 0.2 Lomandra caespitosa + 0.3 Clematis pubescens + Cl Pentapeltis peltigera + 0.1 *Briza maxima 1 0.1 Tetrarrhena laevis + 0.15 Astroloma pallidum + 0.1 Hibbertia hypericoides 32 0.2
90 Flora & Vegetation Assessment Greenbushes Study Area
Species % Cover Height (m)
Lepidosperma tenue 2.5 0.5 Billardiera sp. + Cl Leucopogon verticillatus 0.5 1-1.5 Macrozamia riedlei 1.5 1-2 Drosera erythrorhiza + 0.02 Stylidium amoenum + 0.2 Stylidium calcaratum + 0.1 Trachymene pilosa + 0.05 Hibbertia hypericoides + 0.1 Hydrocotyle sp. + 0.03 Levenhookia pusilla + 0.02 Neurachne alopecuroidea + 0.05 Hibbertia commutata + 0.15 Pterostylis pyramidalis + 0.3 Thelymitra macrophylla + 0.4 Xanthorrhoea gracilis 0.5 0.5-1 Austrostipa sp. ‘hairy’ + 0.5 Hovea chorizemifolia + 0.2 Logania serpyllifolia + 0.1 Grevillea diversifolia + 0.4 Opercularia apiciflora + 0.25 Leucopogon propinquus 0.5 0.7 Chamaescilla corymbosa + 0.05 Pyrorchis nigricians + 0.05
91 Flora & Vegetation Assessment Greenbushes Study Area
Site GB22 Date 20/10/2011 Recorder JB / JW Photo JB: #2007 Shape/Size 10 m x 10 m Datum GDA94 Zone 50 H Easting 416893 Northing 6259103 Habitat Undulating hillcrest / Plateau Aspect ESE, 115° Soil Brown, Loamy sand Rock Type Laterite, outcrops % Bare Ground 7 %Logs:Leaves 9 : 65 Vegetation Condition Very Good Disturbance Type Logging, plantation nearby, weeds, access road Fire Age Old (5-10 yr) Vegetation Eucalyptus marginata subsp. marginata and Corymbia calophylla Dense Forest over Bossiaea linophylla, Persoonia longifolia and C. calophylla Open Scrub over Hibbertia hypericoides, Leucopogon capitellatus and Macrozamia riedlei Low Heath C
Species % Cover Height (m)
Corymbia calophylla 40 10-30 Eucalyptus marginata subsp. marginata 35 10-30 Macrozamia riedlei 6 1-15 Xanthorrhoea preissii + 1-2 Hibbertia hypericoides 55 0.3 Craspedia variablilis 1 0.3 Hypocalymma angustifolium 2 0.25 Stylidium calcaratum + 0.1 *Briza maxima 5.5 0.25 Bossiaea linophylla 1.5 3-4 Austrostipa sp. ‘hairy’ + 0.4 Lagenophora huegelii 1 0.1 Desmocladus fasciculatus 5 0.1 *Aira caryophyllea + 0.1 Chamaescilla corymbosa + 0.05 Kennedia prostrata 0.5 Cr *Romulea rosea + 0.15 Lotus angustissimus + 0.1 Daucus glochidiatus + 0.05 Thysanotus tenellus + 0.15 Tetraria capillaris 0.5 0.2 *Hypochaeris glabra + 0.1 Patersonia babianoides + 0.1 Hibbertia amplexicaulis + 0.3 *Oxalis corniculata + 0.05 Opercularia apiciflora + 0.2
92 Flora & Vegetation Assessment Greenbushes Study Area
Species % Cover Height (m)
Stackhousia monogyna + 0.15 Levenhookia pusilla + 0.02 Tetrarrhena laevis + 0.1 Leucopogon capitellatus 6 0.5 Leucopogon propinquus 1.5 0.5 Haemodorum laxum + 0.3 Burchardia multiflora + 0.3 Wahlenbergia gracilenta + 0.3 Caesia micranthra + 0.3 Hibbertia commutata + 0.25 Caladenia flava + 0.25 Isotropis cunefolia + 0.1 Drosera stolonifera + 0.1 Drosera pallida + Cl Dampiera linearis + 0.1 Tetratheca hirsuta + 0.15 Rhodanthe cintrina + 0.1 Persoonia longifolia 0.5 0.5-1.5 Opercularia hispidula + 0.5 Pterostylis pyramidalis + 0.1 Cassytha racemosa forma racemosa + Cl Ranunculus colonorum + 0.3 Thelymitra macrophylla + 0.4
93 Flora & Vegetation Assessment Greenbushes Study Area
Site GB23 Date 21/10/2011 Recorder JB / JW Photo JB: #2026, 2027 Shape/Size 10 m x 10 m Datum GDA94 Zone 50 H Easting 410061 Northing 6258415 Habitat Upland swamp Aspect NW, 300° Soil Grey, Loamy sand Rock Type None % Bare Ground 4 %Logs:Leaves 2 : 80 Vegetation Condition Very Good Disturbance Type Fire, weeds, access track Fire Age Young (1-2 yr) Vegetation Eucalyptus rudis and Corymbia calophylla Forest over Taxandria linearfolia and Pteridium esculentum Heath A over Anigozanthus manglesii Very Open Tall Sedges
Species % Cover Height (m)
Pterostylis pyramidalis + 0.3 Pteridium esculentum 35 1 Taxandria linearifolia 35 0.5-1.8 Anigozanthos manglesii 25 0.3-1.8 Eucalyptus rudis 20 10-30 Corymbia calophylla 10 10-30 Banksia littoralis 6 2-8 Dampiera linearis 2 0.2 Xanthosia huegelii + 0.1 Lomandra pauciflora 0.5 0.2 Opercularia hispidula + 0.3 Lepidosperma tetraquetrum 2.5 1-1.5 Drosera pallida 2 Cl Acacia divergens 1 0.5 *Hypochaeris glabra + 0.1 *Briza minor 1 0.25 Thelymitra sp. + 0.35 Thysanotus patersonii + Cl Lomandra caespitosa 2 0.4 Leucopogon australis + 0.5 Taxandria parviceps 3.5 1 Chamaescilla corymbosa + 0.1 Patersonia occidentalis 1 0.4 Cassytha racemosa forma racemosa + Cl *Sonchus oleraceus + 0.15 Bossiaea linophylla 1.5 0.3-1 Leucopogon capitellatus + 0.2
94 Flora & Vegetation Assessment Greenbushes Study Area
Species % Cover Height (m)
Caladenia flava 0.5 0.15 Leucopogon verticillatus + 0.4 Hibbertia amplexicaulis + 0.25 Lagenophora huegelii + 0.1 Sowerbaea laxiflora 1 0.3 Senecio sp. + 1 Xanthorrhoea preissii 0.5 1-4 Leucopogon propinquus + 0.4 Pimelea sp. + 0.2 Haemodorum sp. + 0.4 Neurachne alopecuroidea + 0.05
Opp. Colls. Lepidosperma squamatum Melaleuca preissiana *Isolepis marginata Haemodorum simplex Astartea scoparia
95 Flora & Vegetation Assessment Greenbushes Study Area
Site GB24 Date 21/10/2011 Recorder JB / JW Photo JB: #2030 Shape/Size 10 m x 10 m Datum GDA94 Zone 50 H Easting 415308 Northing 6257304 Habitat Plateau top – hill crest Aspect NE, 40° Soil Brown, Sandy Loam Rock Type Laterite pebbles % Bare Ground 2 %Logs:Leaves 7 : 80 Vegetation Condition Very Good Disturbance Type Logging, weeds, access tracks, road Fire Age Old (5-10 yr) Vegetation Corymbia calophylla and Eucalyptus marginata subsp. marginata Dense Forest over Leucopogon capitellatus, Hibbertia hypericoides and Bossiaea ornata Low Heath C over Tetraria capillaris and Xanthorrhoea gracilis Very Open Low Sedges
Species % Cover Height (m)
Eucalyptus marginata subsp. marginata 30 10-30 Corymbia calophylla 50 10-30 Persoonia longifolia + 0.5-2.5 Macrozamia riedlei 1 1 Hakea amplexicaulis 1 0.5 Leucopogon capitellatus 20 0.3 Bossia ornata 7 0.4 Clematis pubescens 4 Cl Caesia micranthra 0.5 0.3 Leucopogon propinquus 1 0.5-1 Xanthorrhoea gracilis 5 0.5 Pentapeltis peltigera + 0.1 Pimelea rosea + 0.5 Scaevola calliptera 0.5 0.2 Vellelia trinervis 0.5 0.3 *Briza maxima 4 0.2 Tetraria capillaris 6 0.3 Patersonia babianiodes + 0.2 Hibbertia amplexicaulis 1 0.3 Desmocladus fasciculatus 2.5 0.1 Tetratheca hirsuta 1.5 0.2 Lagenophora huegelii 0.5 0.1 Tetrarrhena laevis 0.5 0.35 Opercularia hispidula 1 0.4 Caladenia flava + 0.15 Hibbertia hypericoides 15 0.3
96 Flora & Vegetation Assessment Greenbushes Study Area
Species % Cover Height (m)
Astroloma ciliatum + 0.1 Lomandra caespitosa 2 0.3 Leucopogon verticillatus + 0.5 Xanthosia candida + 0.1 Thelymitra macrophylla + 0.4 Pyrorchis nigricians + 0.05 Phyllanthus calycinus 1 0.4 Lepidosperma tenue 1.5 0.5 Sowerbaea laxiflora 2 0.35 Acacia pulchella var. glaberimma 0.5 0.6 *Oxalis corniculata 1 0.05 Chamaescilla corymbosa + 0.05 *Hypochaeris glabra + 0.1 Hibbertia commutata + 0.1 Daucus glochidiatus + 0.05 Stylidium calcaratum + 0.1 Trachymene pilosa + 0.15 Kennedia prostrata + Cr *Aira caryophyllea + 0.1 Austrostipa sp. ‘hairy’ + 0.6 Dampiera linearis + 0.1 Logania serpyllifolia + 0.1 Hovea chorizemifolia + 0.2 Wahlenbergia gracilenta + 0.35 Astroloma pallidum 0.5 0.1 Billardiera heterophylla + Cl Cassytha racemosa forma racemosa + Cl
97 Flora & Vegetation Assessment Greenbushes Study Area
Site GB25 Date 21/10/2011 Recorder JB / JW Photo JB: #2031 Shape/Size 10 m x 10 m Datum GDA94 Zone 50 H Easting 416801 Northing 6255141 Habitat Upper hillslope Aspect NA Soil Brown, Loam Rock Type Laterite, pebbles % Bare Ground 20 %Logs:Leaves 2 : 70 Vegetation Condition Very Good Disturbance Type Fire, weeds, rail, access track, logging, farmland Fire Age Recent (<1 yr) Vegetation Eucalyptus marginata subsp. marginata and Corymbia calophylla Dense Forest over E. marginata, C. calophylla and Macrozamia riedlei Dwarf Scrub C over Clematis pubescens Very Open Herbs
Species % Cover Height (m)
Eucalyptus marginata subsp. marginata 45 10-30 Corymbia calophylla 40 10-30 Stylidium calcaratum + 0.05 Clematis pubescens 5 Cl Trachymene pilosa + 0.2 Lagenophora huegelii + 0.1 Lomandra caespitosa + 0.2 Tetraria capillaris 0.5 0.2 Levenhookia pusilla 1 0.05 Bossiaea ornata 1 0.1 Hibbertia amplexicaulis 1 0.2 Leucopogon capitellatus 3 0.2 Pentapeltis peltigera + 0.1 Xanthosia huegelii + 0.05 Austrostipa sp. ‘hairy’ + 0.1 Daucus glochidiatus + 0.05 *Aira caryophyllea + 0.1 Ranunculus colonorum + 0.4 *Hypochaeris glabra 0.5 0.05 Scaevola calliptera + 0.1 Hibbertia commutata 0.5 0.2 Drosera pallida + Cl Hakea lissocarpha + 0.1 Kennedia coccinea + 0.1 *Briza maxima + 0.2 Banksia dallanneyi + 0.1 Tetrarrhena laevis + 0.1
98 Flora & Vegetation Assessment Greenbushes Study Area
Species % Cover Height (m)
Senecio sp. + 0.2 Comosperma calymega + 0.3 Ptilotus manglesii + 0.3 Logania serpyllifolia + 0.15 Xanthorrhoea gracilis 2.5 0.5 Caladenia flava + 0.1 Haemodorum laxum + 0.2 Macrozamia reidlei 1.5 1 Dampiera linearis + 0.1 Centrolepis aristata + 0.05 Trachymene pilosa + 0.05 Opercularia hispidula + 0.2 Hakea amplexicaulis + 0.1 *Acaena echinata + 0.05 Wahlenbergia gracilenta + 0.3 *Briza minor + 0.1 Patersonia babianoides + 0.1 *Oxalis corniculata + 0.02 Thelymitra macrophylla + 0.3 Austrostipa sp. ‘glaborous’ + 0.4 Thysanotus patersonii + Cl Thysanotus tenellus + 0.1 Persoonia longifolia + 0.4 Leucopogon propinquus 0.5 0.5
99 Flora & Vegetation Assessment Greenbushes Study Area
Site GB26 Date 21/10/2011 Recorder JB / JW Photo JB: #2032 Shape/Size 10 m x 10 m Datum GDA94 Zone 50 H Easting 415077 Northing 6255661 Habitat Hillcrest / undulating plateau Aspect SE, 125° Soil Brown, Loamy Sand Rock Type Laterite, outcrops and pebbles % Bare Ground 25 %Logs:Leaves 5 : 45 Vegetation Condition Very Good Disturbance Type Fire, rail, access, logging, weeds Fire Age Recent (<1 yr) Vegetation Eucalyptus marginata subsp. marginata and Corymbia calophylla Dense Forest over E. marginata and C. calophylla Open Low Scrub A over Hibbertia hypericoides, Leucopogon capitellatus and Macrozamia riedlei
Species % Cover Height (m)
Eucalyptus marginata subsp. marginata 55 10-30 Corymbia calophylla 35 10-30 Scaevola calliptera 2 0.1 Hibbertia hypericoides 15 0.2 Pteridium esculentum 5 0.5 Macrozamia riedlei 3.5 1 Clematis pubescens 2.5 Cl Lagenophora huegelii 2 0.1 Hardenbergia comptoniana + Cl Persoonia longifolia 0.5 0.5 *Arctotheca calendula + 0.2 Trachymene pilosa + 0.1 Bossiaea ornata 2 0.2 Pentapeltis peltigera + 0.1 Opercularia apiciflora + 0.2 Hibbertia amplexicaulis 0.5 0.25 Leucopogon capitellatus 6 0.15 Kennedia coccinea + Cl *Lotus angustissimus + 0.1 Opercularia hispidula 0.5 0.15 Thelymitra macrophylla + 0.25 Tetrarrhena laevis + 0.15 Hibbertia commutata 0.5 0.2 Leucopogon verticillatus + 0.1 Drosera pallida + Cl Senecio sp. ‘green’ + 0.2 Stackhousia monogyna + 0.1
100 Flora & Vegetation Assessment Greenbushes Study Area
Species % Cover Height (m)
Daucus glochidiatus + 0.05 *Briza maxima 2 0.15 Astrolom ciliatum + 0.05 Patersonia babianoides + 0.15 Lomandra sp. ‘green flexi’ + 0.1 *Hypochaeris glabra + 0.1 Levenhookia pusilla + 0.02 Xanthosia candida + 0.05 Cassytha racemosa forma racemosa + Cl Bossiaea linophylla 1 0.1-4 Tetratheca hirsuta + 0.1 Haemodorum laxum + 0.3 Caesia micranthra + 0.2 Acacia pulchella + 0.2 Chamaescilla corymbosa + 0.1 Sowerbaea laxiflora + 0.3 Billardiera heterophylla + Cl Xanthorrhoea gracilis 0.5 0.5 Desmocladus fasciculatus + 0.05 Neurachne alopecuroidea + 0.05 Caladenia flava + 0.1 Leucopogon propinquus + 0.2
101