UNITED NATIONS HUMAN RIGHTS APPEAL 2020 UNITED NATIONS HUMAN RIGHTS APPEAL 2020 TABLE OF CONTENTS

TABLE OF CONTENTS

1. FOREWORD BY THE HIGH COMMISSIONER 4

2. UN HUMAN RIGHTS IN 2019 6

3. ROADMAP TO 2021 10

4. UN HUMAN RIGHTS AROUND THE WORLD IN 2020 38

5. FUNDING AND BUDGET 40

6. TRUST FUNDS 50

7. YOU CAN MAKE A DIFFERENCE 52

8. ANNEXES 54 . OHCHR MANAGEMENT PLAN 2018-2021 - ELEMENTS FOCUSED ON CLIMATE CHANGE - ELEMENTS FOCUSED ON DIGITAL SPACE AND NEW TECHNOLOGIES - ELEMENTS FOCUSED ON CORRUPTION - ELEMENTS FOCUSED ON INEQUALITIES - ELEMENTS FOCUSED ON PEOPLE ON THE MOVE . UN HUMAN RIGHTS ORGANIZATION CHART . ABBREVIATIONS AND ACRONYMS

UN HUMAN RIGHTS APPEAL 2020 3 FOREWORD BY THE HIGH COMMISSIONER FOREWORD BY THE HIGH COMMISSIONER

FOREWORD BY THE HIGH COMMISSIONER

It is an honour to present the annual Human rights work is In the following pages, we outline the I believe that today’s challenges mean our appeal of my Office for 2020. My first year strategies and partnerships we are expertise is vitally needed. We appreciate as High Commissioner has reaffirmed my an investment. It is an devising to tackle these challenges. To the support we have received from our conviction that your political and financial investment many of you successfully deliver real human rights 78 donors in 2019, 63 of them being investment is crucial for the success impact in these areas, we know we also Member States. The US$172.1 million in our efforts to promote and protect have chosen to make, in need to align our organizational processes they provided to the Office constituted a human rights. order to ensure greater and working methods – to foster more small, but worrying decrease of some 8 innovation, cross-cutting teamwork, per cent from contributions in 2018*. I am Fostering peaceful societies and justice, security and and fluid communication across all our also concerned that many contributions sustainable development begins with teams, including in the field. Mindful of continue to be earmarked, hampering steps to support and promote human sustainable development the complexity of each of these issues, our ability to use these funds rapidly rights. By bringing States, civil society, across the world. as well as the connections between and effectively. Most importantly, at this business actors and many others together them, we will also be deepening our work level of under-funding, UN Human Rights behind the universal commitment to programmes grounded in human rights with the Human Rights Council’s Special cannot respond positively to all the rights, we can address the root causes of principles, analysis and guidance can Procedures, and the Treaty Bodies. requests for assistance that we receive in the crises that challenge our societies. constitute the most effective approaches any given year. As you read through some of the The advocacy, monitoring and technical to each of these issues. examples of the work we have begun – We can do better – with your help. On cooperation advanced by my Office in These are policy areas which involve from analysing the gender-differentiated behalf of all the people we work through, 2019 has generated progress for people multiple, complex risks that cross effects of climate change, to bringing tech with and for, I extend sincere thanks to around the world. We will continue to cultures, national boundaries and legal companies and NGOs together to discuss all our donors. Your support is crucial to advance under the pillars that shape our jurisdictions. Although they can be practical action to address online abuses everything we do. work: our support for the international conceived as separate issues, they are – I encourage you to consider how you human rights mechanisms; our efforts intertwined – forming tight knots that can best further our work to prevent and to drive mainstreaming of human rights strangle the freedom and dignity of defuse threats; protect the vulnerable; within the UN’s development and individuals, and the peace and sustainable promote human rights principles peace and security efforts; and our development of societies. of transparency, participation and work to help States fulfil the core human accountability; and expand our impact. rights principles of non-discrimination, We cannot tackle climate change, accountability and participation. vast movements of people, rising Human rights work is an investment. tensions and conflicts or sustainable It is an investment many of you have New issues are surging forward to development unless we also deal with chosen to make, in order to ensure challenge human rights – and old issues corruption and inequalities. Resolving greater justice, security and sustainable continue to create suffering. This appeal the interlocking issues, which shape development across the world. My Office highlights the five “frontier” issues in and accentuate inequalities is a vital is a tool – a uniquely qualified resource which we are strengthening our work, and part of the 2030 Agenda for Sustainable for governments, institutions and people where the human rights agenda can have Development – an unprecedented, once around the world, which monitors and powerful impact in improving lives. in a lifetime opportunity to end extreme analyses human rights situations and Climate change, digital space, inequalities, poverty on the basis of a cooperative topics; and, based on that work, assists corruption, and human rights concerns and global plan. And this, in turn, will the global community to fulfil rights related to the displacement and movement require comprehensive work to advance more effectively. MICHELLE BACHELET of people constitute forceful challenges the whole spectrum of rights – including United Nations to the inalienable human rights of every economic, social, cultural, civil and * Figures are estimated as of 15 December 2019 and will be adjusted and confirmed upon the final closure of the High Commissioner person. At the same time, policies and political rights, by working in synergy. 2019 accounts. for Human Rights

4 UN HUMAN RIGHTS APPEAL 2020 UN HUMAN RIGHTS APPEAL 2020 5 UN HUMAN RIGHTS IN 2019 UN HUMAN RIGHTS IN 2019

UN HUMAN RIGHTS IN 2019 Highlights in 2019 Mandate

Promote and protect all MEMBER STATE COOPERATION human rights for all 39 3,027 128 treaty actions State party reports reviewed by 55 countries visited official documents produced the treaty bodies with Rationalize, adapt, strengthen Recommend that bodies of 2 signatures for meetings of human and streamline the United the United Nations system 19 ratifications over 68 rights mechanisms, General 7 States parties visited Nations human rights improve the promotion and visits by special Assembly and ECOSOC by the Subcommittee on machinery protection of all human rights 18 accessions procedures mandates Prevention of Torture

PEOPLE CENTRED

Coordinate human rights Promote and protect promotion and protection the right to development activities throughout the 8 ,5 9 4 fellows (41 female and 36 male) from United Nations system Mandate of the 35,997 victims of torture in victims of contemporary forms indigenous, Afrodescendant and minority United Nations High 77 countries received of slavery in 23 countries 77 communities in 56 countries, participated in Commissioner for rehabilitation support obtained assistance the UN Human Rights Fellowship Programme Human Rights Enhance international HUMAN RIGHTS MECHANISMS SUPPORT HUMAN RIGHTS INTEGRATION IN THE UN cooperation for the General Assembly Provide technical resolution 48/141 promotion and protection of assistance to States for Support to all human rights human rights activities the work of 92 12 36 172 treaty resolutions 23,645 Human Rights Human Rights Advisers body experts during adopted by the submissions related to Components in UN (14 female and Human Rights 21 sessions individual complaints and Peace Missions, 22 male) deployed in Engage in dialogue with Coordinate United Nations Council for a total of Committee on Enforced including 577 staff UN Country Teams governments in order to secure human rights education and Disappearances urgent supported by UN under the framework respect for all human rights public information programmes 76 weeks actions received Human Rights of the UNSDG

CIVIL SOCIETY ENGAGEMENT Work actively to remove obstacles Over to the realization of human rights 251 and to prevent the continuation of grants awarded to civil society human rights violations 2,521 2,420 organizations, NHRIs and academic Oral statements delivered by participants in the 8th institutions for a total amount of NGOs during Human Rights Forum on Business and Council sessions Human Rights $11,539,113

Data available at the time of printing 6 UN HUMAN RIGHTS APPEAL 2020 UN HUMAN RIGHTS APPEAL 2020 7 UN HUMAN RIGHTS IN 2019 UN HUMAN RIGHTS IN 2019

Global presence in 2019 2019 Funding overview

STAFF GENDER DISTRIBUTION BUDGET DONORS REGULAR BUDGET ALLOCATION 81 + 1 (2 locations) FIELD PRESENCES HQ Unmet extrabudgetary requirements 78 donors * of which 63 are 56% 44% $106.9m $149.4m EXTRABUDGETARY Member States REQUIREMENTS 1,425 142 HQ 63% 37% Voluntary contributions STAFF NATIONALITIES $321.5m BREAKDOWN BY AMONG STAFF FIELD received GEOGRAPHIC GROUP 47% 53% $172.1m

+ + GENERAL SERVICE 3 33 577 53% 47% African Group VOLUNTARY CONTRIBUTIONS JPOs SPONSORED BY STAFF IN PEACE PROFESSIONAL AND ABOVE 13 MEMBER STATES MISSIONS 57% 43% TOTAL AMOUNT BREAKDOWN OF DONORS BY BRACKETS RECEIVED OF CONTRIBUTIONS P1 50% 50% 15 P2 67% 33% EC, Norway, USA, Sweden, Asia-Pacific Group $172.1m $10-20m (57.9%**) Netherlands, Denmark *** P3 62% 38% P4 52% 48% 60% P5 39% 61% D1 29% 71% 14 Eastern D2 67% 33% 52.8 (31%) European Group 40% ASG 50% 50% Unearmarked USG 100% 119.3 (69%) Earmarked 6 international staff national staff Latin American and 40.1% Caribbean Group STAFF IN THE FIELD HQ 55% HQ 59.9% 25 Field UNDP (UN pooled and trust Western European 13.5% Africa $5-10m (20.8%**) funds funding), UK, Switzerland, 45% Germany *** and Others Group * The 2019 regular budget allotment reflects 12% Americas a number of across-the-board reductions of 55% between 5 and 25 per cent on several budget lines decided by the General Assembly. 15 7% Middle East & North Africa Finland, Belgium, France, Ireland, non-state donors ** Of total amount of voluntary $2-5m (12.4%**) Rep. of Korea, UAE, New Zealand, contributions / *** Donors are listed Russian Federation *** (private, multilateral 6.5% Asia Pacific according to their level of contribution. donors, etc.) Figures are estimated as of 15 December Australia, Canada, Spain, Italy, field staff HQ staff $1-2m (5.6%**) Saudi Arabia, UNOPS, ILO *** 6% Europe & Central Asia 2019 and will be adjusted and confirmed upon the final closure of the 2019 accounts. Less than $1m (3.3%**) Other donors

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ROADMAP TO 2021 Theory of change This Annual Appeal presents the financial requirements of our work in 2020, under the Secretary General’s Strategic Framework and as guided by our Management Plan (OMP) through to the end of 2021. The Plan provides a robust results framework • Provide expert legal advice on • Communicate • Facilitate dialogue between diverse based on six Pillars, four Shifts and three Spotlights. human rights issues stakeholders on human rights issues WHAT WE • Monitor and publicly report on DO • Facilitate learning and human rights situations • Build networks and alliances to knowledge transfer extend human rights promotion and OMP at a glance t, violen • Advocate for human rights t conflic ce and i protection even nsec • Deliver human rights education Pr urit • Directly protect civil society y • Enable the functioning of the • Raise human rights awareness members and human rights international human rights

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“Frontier” issues: exploring emerging human rights concerns

To leverage greater human rights impact, We examine all our work through the we seek to “shift” our overall approach lens of these “frontier” concerns. We to obtain greater coherence across all we work with the international human rights do, wherever we do it. To this end, in each mechanisms to identify opportunities of our six pillars, we integrate focused to fill associated protection gaps. We emphasis on four “shift” areas. These explore associated implications in the shifts help to better focus and unite our contexts of development and peace and efforts across and within the pillars so security and we work to bring the princi- that, as one Office, we deepen our -ex ples of accountability, participation and pertise, strengthen our partnerships and non-discrimination alive in the context of scale up our human rights results. these issues. In the 2018-2021 period, one of the areas Our aim is to increase human rights exper- we are shifting our focus on are emerging tise on frontier issues, explore their human human rights concerns (“frontier” issues). rights dimensions, and call for human rights solutions that emphasize the par- Many of the complex challenges that ticipation of affected people themselves. the world faces also have critical human “We will not solve our rights dimensions that, if left unseen or UN Human Rights worked with local artists in Senegal to draw wall paintings promoting respect and human dignity. © OHCHR/Cheikh Sow misunderstood, will hamper efforts to find problems in isolation. (human rights-based) solutions. For this To be sustainable and reason, over the coming years, we will also focus on new “frontiers” for human effective, solutions to rights – issues whose connections with complex global issues human rights are not well understood or – like climate change, well documented. global inequalities, the The “frontier” issues on which we are fo- cusing are climate change, digital space, mass movement of inequality, corruption and people on people, transboundary the move. conflicts or epidemics – must be cooperative.” Michelle Bachelet, UN High Commissioner for Human Rights

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STRENGTHENING ENVIRONMENTAL ment of environmental organizations with ACTION THROUGH HUMAN RIGHTS CLIMATE CHANGE human rights mechanisms and vice versa. MECHANISMS For example, in the Pacific, the Office will undertake such work with Fiji, Marshall The Human Rights Council, its special pro- Islands, Samoa and Vanuatu and in 2020 cedures mechanisms, the human rights specifically, provide training on national treaty bodies, and the Office have brought reporting in Cook Islands, New Zealand, renewed attention to the relevance of Niue, Samoa and Tonga. human rights in the context of climate change and environmental degradation through a series of resolutions, reports, PARTNERING FOR RIGHTS-BASED RESPONSES TO PROTECT THE and activities on the subject, and by advo- ENVIRONMENT AND ENSURE SUS- cating for a human rights-based approach TAINABLE DEVELOPMENT to all climate action.

Several important developments took Ensuring sustainable development that place in recent years. These included benefits all people involves addres- the adoption of Human Rights Council sing environmental harms and building resolution 40/11 on environmental hu- community resilience based on human man rights defenders in 2019 and the rights. The implementation of the Paris Human Rights Committee’s general com- Agreement and of the 2030 Agenda for ment 36 (2018) on the right to life, which Sustainable Development presents a UN High Commissioner for Human Rights Michelle Bachelet meets Greta Thunberg at COP 25 in Madrid, 10 December 2019. ©OHCHR explicitly references the environment unique opportunity to foster this at the and climate change, as well as reports, national and international levels. The joint statements and country visits by High Commissioner, who has called for special procedures mechanisms, which global recognition of the human right to focused on the human rights impacts of a healthy environment, including through climate change. her statement to the Human Rights Coun- cil focusing on climate change, is leading Climate change is the defining issue of our In 2020, we will assist human rights The Office will also advocate on behalf With the implementation of the Paris directly the Office’s engagement on this time. The world has never seen a threat to mechanisms in the application of their of environmental human rights defen- Agreement, focus and action shifts to the front. people of this scope. Climate change is mandates to the context of climate change ders and support efforts by the UN national level, including the nationally increasingly impacting the effective en- and environmental degradation; and help system to protect them; support Member determined contributions that embody a In 2019, UN Human Rights signed a joyment of a broad range of human rights build capacity of human rights and envi- States in developing rights-based ap- country’s efforts to reduce emissions and Memorandum of Understanding with UN including those to water and sanitation, ronmental defenders, civil society and proaches to environmental and climate adapt to the impacts of climate change. Environment to advance together our housing, food, health, development and government officials to monitor, research action; and conduct research and ad- In this context, it is even more crucial to work on human rights and the environ- even life itself. Those who have contri- and advocate on the linkages between vocacy to address human rights harms work with domestic institutions to support ment. With support from the Office, the buted the least to climate change are climate change and human rights. in this context, particularly to groups in effective follow-up on country-specific UN Environment Assembly adopted its often those most affected by it. In line vulnerable situations. recommendations of UN human rights me- first resolution 4/17 on women’s rights and The Office will continue to collaborate with the 2030 Agenda for Sustainable chanisms. This deepening engagement gender equality. UN Human Rights sup- with partners to integrate human rights Development and the Preamble of the by human rights mechanisms with climate ported the launch of UN Environment’s standards in climate change laws and Paris Agreement on climate change, UN change is critical to make sure that no one Environmental Rights Initiative, which policies, including in adaptation and mit- Human Rights’ aim is to ensure that human is left behind. specifically focuses on environmental igation measures, and advocate for the rights inform the implementation of the human rights defenders. The Office also inclusion of all people in relevant deci- In the next two years, the Office will pro- Paris Agreement so that mitigation and organized workshops on human rights and sion-making processes as well as for their vide strategic guidance on integration of adaptation measures are shaped by and climate change with the Paris Committee access to information and effective reme- environmental issues in national report- accountable to affected communities. on Capacity-Building at the United Na- dies for victims. ing to human rights mechanisms and guidance and tools to support the engage- tions Framework Convention on Climate

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Change (UNFCCC) and on integrating  TAKING EARLY ACTION ON CLIMATE Office will continue its ongoing work to  PROTECTING VULNERABLE GROUPS placed by climate change. In the Pacific human rights in nationally determined THROUGH EARLY WARNING AND ensure that early warning and prevention AGAINST THE ADVERSE HUMAN specifically, the Office will work on build- contributions. The Office further support- PREVENTION efforts address the human rights impacts RIGHTS IMPACTS OF CLIMATE ing and strengthening alliances for climate CHANGE AND ENVIRONMENTAL ed to the development of the UN system of periodic flooding and storm surges in justice, partnering with human rights DEGRADATION model approach to environmental and so- The Office will work to enhance under- low-lying coastal areas. The Regional and environmental defenders, including cial safeguards and called for the effective standing of climate change as a threat Office for Southern Africa will hold a ca- young people. regulation of businesses to limit environ- pacity-building workshop and training for Effective climate adaptation measures will multiplier, and as a driver of inequality, Focusing on climate impacts, the Office mental harms. the environmental human rights defen- be those that empower women, indige- conflict and humanitarian crises. These will continue to reinforce efforts to pro- ders in the region, in follow-up to its 2019 nous peoples, youth and others who live in In 2020, UN Human Rights will undertake efforts will emphasise the importance of mote the rights of people on the move. We study, which identified environmental vulnerable areas, many of whom are mem- work in Colombia, Guinea, Liberia and a rights-based and gender-sensitive pre- will also work to prevent conflict, improve human rights defenders and leaders of bers of marginalised and discriminated Madagascar related to the environmental vention agenda that protects persons in early warning, expand civil society space, social movements related to the mining communities. This requires governments impacts of mining and continue ongo- vulnerable situations. The Office will ad- strengthen human rights mechanisms, industry to be at particular risk of human to involve these communities in seeking ing work on the human rights impact of vocate for rights-based early warning and reduce inequalities, address multiple rights harm. solutions and to dedicate resources to mega-infrastructure projects, including prevention efforts, including measures to and intersecting forms of discrimination, upholding their rights, including through hydro-electric dams in Guatemala and ensure early warning information about Working to mainstream human rights and implement the 2030 Agenda. For equitable and improved access to social Mexico. The UN Human Rights Regional climate effects and extreme weather and strengthen partnerships for the in- example, our field presences in Brazil, protection and a just transition towards Offices for East Africa and Southern Af- events is available to all sectors of soci- tegration of human rights in climate and Cambodia and Mexico will continue to greener jobs. rica will examine the impacts of climate ety. We will work to ensure that adaptation environmental action, the Office will work on indigenous peoples’ land rights change on food security. In the Pacific, the and mitigation plans are developed in reinforce the efforts of the UN system, in- In the past year, we have prepared a num- with support from ongoing processes Office will convene a Regional Pacific Busi- consultation with affected groups, pub- cluding UN Country Teams and relevant ber of reports on the gender-differentiated within the human rights system, includ- ness and Human Rights Forum in order to licly available, and transparently financed. human rights mechanisms, to respond to impacts of climate change, made submis- ing the elaboration by the Committee on promote exchanges of experiences be- For example, in the Pacific, the Office will the protection needs of environmental hu- sions to the UNFCCC regarding renewal Economic, Social and Cultural Rights (CE- tween State authorities, National Human convene a Small Atoll meeting in the Re- man rights defenders and help promote and extension of its Gender Action Plan, SCR) of a general comment on the right Rights Institutions (NHRIs), civil society public of the Marshall Islands focusing on protection of the environment. supported the work of the local commu- to land and a study on land by the Expert organizations (CSOs) and the private sec- the Member States – Kiribati, Republic of nities and indigenous peoples platform Mechanism on the Rights of Indigenous tor. The focus will be the relevance to the the Marshall Islands, Maldives and Tuva- at the UNFCCC, participated in the first Peoples (EMRIP). Our East Africa Regional ‘green’ and ‘blue’ economies of the UN lu – at the forefront of the most profound meeting of the signatories to the Esca- Office will carry out work on the impacts Guiding Principles on Business and Hu- impacts of climate change. In Liberia, the zú Agreement, contributed to the Youth of climate change on the livelihoods and man Rights (UNGPs). “Among the many Climate Summit, and co-convened the rights of women and girls. Peoples’ Summit on Climate, Rights and The Office is also enhancing engagement human rights challenges We will promote the equitable distri- Human Survival. All of these efforts aimed with the wider UN system to better inte- bution of the benefits of sustainable that have been at strengthening protection for groups in grate human rights in the areas of food development and the meaningful and vulnerable situations and promoting their security, water and sanitation, and hou- metastasizing during the effective participation of all persons in en- participation, access to information and sing and land, with a common focus on vironmental decision-making processes, first two decades of the justice in the context of environmental de- addressing and mitigating the impact of with the objective of protecting the rights cision-making. In 2020, we will continue climate change. 21st century, the global of persons disproportionately affected this work with a particular focus on the by environmental harms and addressing In the next two years, we will continue climate emergency rights of persons with disabilities. the root causes of their exclusion and our work to mainstream human rights in presents perhaps the In 2020, the West Africa Regional Office disadvantage. We will continue our work multilateral environmental agreements, to will begin a new project on climate-re- to promote access to information and ac- strengthen partnerships for the integration most profound planet- lated displacement in the Sahel, and cess to justice in environmental matters, of human rights in environmental action wide threat to human the East Africa Regional Office will con- including through our field presences in and to support efforts to advance the tinue to work on climate change, trade the Latin American and Caribbean region global recognition and implementation of rights that we have seen and human rights. UN Human Rights’ in support of ratification, and implementa- the human right to a healthy environment. since World War II.” regional offices in Southeast Asia and tion of the Escazú Regional Agreement on A UN Human Rights Officer talks to fishermen and taro farmers in Palau the Pacific will continue addressing the about linkages between climate change and the negative impacts on their Michelle Bachelet, UN High Access to Information, Public Participation communities' human rights. ©OHCHR Commissioner for Human Rights human rights situations of persons dis- and Justice in Environmental Matters in

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Latin America and the Caribbean, adopted In 2020, UN Human Rights will also con- in March 2018. The Office contributed to tinue to provide legal advice and technical UN HUMAN RIGHTS BRINGS TOGETHER KEY STAKEHOLDERS TO ADDRESS ACCELERATING CLIMATE CRISIS the negotiations of the Escazú Agreement support to Member States on human IN THE PACIFIC and has actively engaged with the UN rights obligations and human rights-com- Economic Commission for Latin America pliant climate action, including by drawing Pacific islanders are already experiencing “This important meeting in a region en- and international fora to help address the and the Caribbean (ECLAC) and a number on the expertise of the human rights me- the tragic effects of climate change on their dangered by the consequences of climate phenomenon. of Member States to promote its ratifica- chanisms and facilitating international daily lives. Reduced access to water and change is most welcome,” said High tion and entry into force. cooperation and experience sharing. The In her message to the conference partici- food insecurity means more and more peo- Commissioner Michelle Bachelet, as she Office will conduct research and advo- pants, Bachelet urged that immediate steps ple have been forced to leave their homes. opened the conference via video message. cacy to address the human rights harms are taken to address the crisis: “We are Land used for traditional agriculture has “The people of small island States are  ENSURING ACCOUNTABILITY AND caused by climate change and environ- facing an emergency. An emergency that been eroded, crops have been damaged amongst those immediately affected, with ACCESS TO REMEDIES FOR CLIMATE mental degradation, particularly in relation threatens immense damage to your unique and many have lost their livelihoods. a daily impact on the effective enjoyment CHANGE HARMS to groups in vulnerable situations. Such islands and the cultures your communities of the rights to water and sanitation, health, research and advocacy will include provi- Predictions by climate scientists say the preserve and cherish. The international education, food, work, adequate housing In the past year, the Office worked with a sion of strategic guidance on integrating crisis will devastate future generations. community has an obligation to take action and the right to self-determination.” number of NHRIs and government entities human rights standards in environmen- However, human rights have been notably to stop the climate crisis from deepening to increase their capacity to ensure ac- tal laws and policies, and promotion of absent from ongoing climate discussions. The conference provided a knowl- – and to provide resources and technical international human rights law as a tool edge-sharing platform for stakeholders support for your adaptation efforts.” countability and provide better access to UN Human Rights has been exploring to establish legal standing in court and from and outside of the region by bringing remedies for human rights impacts of cli- potential strategies and solutions to help obtain redress for human rights violations climate change and human rights practi- mate change. UN Human Rights continued address the crisis. In July 2019, the Office linked to environmental harms. tioners together, thus preparing the ground its efforts to support the climate justice convened the inaugural Human Rights and for future UN Human Rights’ work in build- “This conference has been movement and protect environmental Climate Change Conference in Nadi, Fiji, ing effective alliances for climate action. insightful for seeing ways that human rights defenders and helped to bringing together representatives from 14 promote accountability for perpetrators Pacific nations, as well as civil society or- “In recent years, the Pacific region has we can strengthen human of environmental harms. In the coming ganisations, private sector and National taken a global lead in recognising the right mechanisms to be able years, the Office will support Southeast Human Rights Institutions. The conference realities of climate change and in taking to address human rights Asian and Pacific countries by providing explored the linkages between climate measures for climate resilience, mitigation violations as a result of climate technical assistance to NHRIs at natio- change and human rights, and the rele- and adaptation,” Bachelet added. crisis, and it will be useful in nal and regional levels in monitoring and vance of this to government policies. advocating economic, social and cultural The participants highlighted the impor- our work tomorrow and in rights, in the context of climate change. tance of adopting a human rights-based the future.” Similar work will be carried out in Guate- and people-centred approach to addres- Mr. Lavetanalagi Seruiraduvatu, mala, Mexico and Uruguay. sing the climate crisis, placing gender, Coordinator, Alliance for Future “I really enjoyed and learnt socio-economic and ecological justice at Generations, Fiji To ensure accountability, we will continue from the Commissioner from the centre of climate responses. to advocate for access of civil society to environmental forums, decision-making the National Human Rights At the national level, this requires Pacific processes, information, justice and effec- Commission of the Philippines, stakeholders to consider the human rights tive remedies. In so doing, the Office will who shared their experience implications of climate-induced migration; promote the equal, meaningful, informed on holding a national enquiry to prioritise the plight of low-lying atoll and effective participation of all persons in on climate change. There countries; to develop strategies that em- environmental decision-making process- is a clear linkage between power communities and ensure meaningful es, particularly those disproportionately climate change violations and participation of all in the formulation and implementation of climate policies; and to affected by environmental harms, and pro- human rights.” mote access to information, justice and collaborate with other stakeholders to mo- effective remedies related to environmen- Ms. Loukinikini Vili, Director Office of bilise resources for climate action. the Ombudsman, NHRI Samoa tal actions and harms. Globally, stakeholders can and should uti-

lise all available human rights mechanisms © OHCHR

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BUILDING TECH PARTNERSHIPS TO   COMBATTING DISCRIMINATION COMBAT INCITEMENT TO VIOLENCE DIGITAL SPACE AND EMERGING TECHNOLOGIES ONLINE

Over the course of 2019, UN Human Unequal access to technologies and Rights established pilot partnerships increasingly powerful algorithms can must recognize and assume their respon- with tech labs from leading universities deepen discrimination and inequality. sibilities to respect and protect human to enhance our field monitoring and in- New data-driven technologies affect rights in line with international human vestigations, strengthening the capacity the enjoyment of human rights in many rights norms and standards. of human rights teams, for example, in ways, impacting diverse areas from health UN Human Rights is working to foster the Central African Republic to monitor care and education to financial mar- cross-sector dialogue to address these online hate speech, and in the State of kets, welfare delivery and police work. * challenges. Our authority and experience Palestine to integrate data from open Women, racial and ethnic minorities, the sources into monitoring. In the framework can be applied to help strengthen public poor, human rights defenders and many of the Secretary-General’s Strategy and policy regimes and company practices, others are among the victims of discrimi- Action Plan on Hate Speech, we will ex- both to avoid harm as well as to leverage natory outcomes from artificial intelligence pand these partnerships in 2020. This will new tools in support of rights. As a global (AI)-powered tools – and yet, the same include supporting efforts by the United leader and convener on human rights, we technology may assist in assessing and Nations Organization Stabilization Mission can also help leverage new technologies addressing human rights violations. to advance human rights everywhere, in the Democratic Republic of the Con- for everyone. go (MONUSCO) to monitor hate speech In 2020, the Office will enhance its efforts and a partnership with UN Global Pulse to to promote human rights-based gover- develop a technological tool to enhance nance frameworks and policies that may  TOWARDS A HUMAN RIGHTS-BASED monitoring and analysis of hate speech by serve, in particular, to prevent and counter APPROACH FOR TECH COMPANIES UN field presences. We will also strength- discriminatory outcomes of AI-powered en our engagement on cybersecurity In rural Tunisia, thanks to advocacy work by UN Human programmes. The Office will also work in issues to ensure that related policies are Rights for a change in the law, women working in agriculture Digital technology offers the world un- Building on our extensive engagement partnership with academia and the UN now have access to social security and are able to pay their centred on protecting and promoting hu- social charges through their mobile phones. precedented opportunities. It is driving with tech companies in recent years, and system (including through EQUALS, The man rights. ©OHCHR/ Moadh Grami widespread social change and can play a with a growing uptake of human rights Global Partnership for Gender Equality critical role in building prosperity, protect- principles in tech companies’ policy deve- in the Digital Age), in research and advo- ing our environment, and securing peace. lopment and practice, we will launch our cacy for international human rights law to However, new technologies also bring B-Tech project – a project for application serve as a fundamental reference point for new and grave challenges to our societies, of the United Nations Guiding Principles the regulation, development and use of our freedoms, and our lives; challenges on Business and Human Rights (UNGPs) in AI-powered digital technologies. The Office that can only be addressed effectively if the tech sector. This will entail an inclusive will conduct research into racial discrimina- their human rights implications are con- and dynamic process of dialogue, consul- tory harm of AI-powered predictive policing sidered as they are designed, developed tation and research to embed respect for programmes. It will also support the work and deployed. human rights in digital technology busi- of the Special Rapporteur on racism, who ness practices. Over the course of 2020, The digital space raises many difficult will report in 2020 on the widespread use the B-Tech project will provide authori- challenges, in relation, among others, to of predictive models that incorporate hi- tative guidance both to companies and privacy, freedom of expression and gen- storical data that are inconsistent with racial States on strategic focus areas in the der equality. It is fostering new forms of equality and non-discrimination. technology space. hate speech, discrimination, violence and exploitation. The rise of powerful techno- logy companies is daunting, challenging the capacity of States and requiring new strategies to ensure human rights protec- * Reference to the State of Palestine should be understood in tion. Technology companies and States compliance with UN General Assembly resolution 67/19

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ENGAGING HUMAN RIGHTS  PROTECTING ONLINE CIVIC SPACE MECHANISMS AND DIGITAL TECH WIKIPEDIA MARATHONS: EDITING FOR RIGHTS Youth

Human rights defenders, journalists and In 2020, the Office will step up the engage- dissident voices are frequent targets of le- ment between international human rights Gianluca is a high school student striving to be one of gal restrictions and online attacks aimed at mechanisms and the technology commu- the best of his class. Like most of his peers, he relies undermining their capacity to communicate nity, leveraging the work of our Office, the on the Internet to do his homework. “We use Wikipe- and directly or indirectly intimidating them. special procedures, and the treaty bodies dia quite a bit,” he admits. However, he is aware that The Office will enhance its efforts to protect to advocate for a human rights-based some information found quickly on the Internet may and expand online space for these critical approach to the development and use not always be accurate. “That’s why it is important for components of civic space, including by of digital technologies. For example, we me to contribute,” he says. advocating for related human rights-based will further upgrade the Universal Human Gianluca participated in the first-ever editathon joint- laws. Particular attention will be given to Rights Index (UHRI), which compiles all ly organized by UN Human Rights and Wikimedia in the central role of Information and Com- country-specific recommendations of the Argentina’s capital city in July 2019. The subject: wo- munication Technology (ICT) companies international human rights mechanisms, men’s and LGBTI people’s rights. as States impose legal and institutional to make it more user-friendly and improve constraints to civic space and seeking to the accuracy of tagging of the recommen- But what exactly is an editathon? ensure that their policies and practices dations against human rights themes and Participants editing content about women and LGBTI rights during the are fully aligned with international human the SDGs. This will facilitate human rights CAMPAIGNING FOR HUMAN RIGHTS CONTENT editathon. ©OHCHR rights law. UN Human Rights, through its analysis and the use of the recommenda- ON THE INTERNET EDITING FOR RIGHTS – ¡EN ESPAÑOL! field presences, and with civil society part- tions by all stakeholders. We will also offer Lila Monasterios is from Bolivia. Studying in Buenos ners will work to enhance the capacity of to States the National Recommendations “We often have a hard time to access reliable sourc- Aires, one Saturday, she decided to grab her laptop human rights actors to document, report Tracking Database (NRTD), which States es or verified information, quickly and, above all, in and spend some time editing on Wikipedia. on and respond to restrictions to online can customize to record the progress they Spanish,” says Adrian Arden, a journalist covering freedom and safety. are making towards the realization of hu- Supported by UN Human Rights in Argentina, at the stories on women’s and children’s rights. “Initiatives UN Human Rights will expand its role as man rights. editathon she met people with different backgrounds, like this are much needed in light of a worrying trend of deliberate misinformation, with inaccuracies all too a bridge-builder, growing and enhancing Building on fruitful missions in 2018 and some of whom were human rights experts who didn’t often offering misleading information on human rights networks between local organizations 2019 by Special Rapporteurs on free- know about Wikipedia edition – and some – the other that risk being amplified through traditional or social and the appropriate tech resources de- dom of expression, violence against way around. They all gathered in the same room for media,” he adds. veloped by universities, tech companies, women, and freedom of assembly and a few hours, with different laptops but a common purpose: creating or improving human rights-related and international NGOs. Building on simi- association, we will support engagement Wikipedia is available in over 217 languages, helping content on Wikipedia. lar experiences in Southeast Asia and the by these and other rapporteurs and fa- reduce access barriers for millions of people around Middle East and North Africa (MENA) in cilitate direct engagement with tech “In this case, Wikipedia becomes a tool to make human the world. “Wikipedia is a multilingual experience that 2019, in the first half of 2020 we will bring companies on special procedures reports rights increasingly visible, to democratize them,” says is available in as many languages as people are cre- tech companies and NGOs together in and recommendations. Lucas Reynoso, a regular Wikipedia contributor. ating content on it,” explains Galileo Vidoni, vice-chair regional meetings, including in Qatar and of Wikimedia Argentina. “So it not only serves to dis- We will expand our reporting to the Human Luisina Ferrante, from Wikimedia Argentina, explains the Silicon Valley, to develop technical and seminate free knowledge, but also to safeguard and “The digital revolution Rights Council on key issues impacted by that editathons unite people and organizations to build policy solutions to online and real-world promote minority languages.” is a major global threats to local voices and civic space. digital technology, including the right to quality content on Wikipedia. These edition marathons privacy in the digital age and the impact of take various forms and address different subjects, but In December 2019, Wikimedia Foundation and human rights issue. Its new technologies on the right to peaceful human rights are a top priority. “Human rights issues UN Human Rights took the creation of human unquestionable benefits assembly. are in constant development, so we need to reflect rights content to a global level by launching a joint #WikiForHumanRights campaign. Several editathons We will also continue to support the such development on Wikipedia too, and now with the do not cancel out its took place to increase human rights content about work of the Advisory Committee of the specialized support of UN Human Rights,” she says. the Universal Declaration of Human Rights and youth unmistakable risks.” Human Rights Council and treaty bodies empowerment. The campaign makes human rights on the enjoyment of human rights in the Michelle Bachelet, UN High knowledge more accessible to the wider public and digital age. Commissioner for Human Rights encourages them to share it with their community.

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norms into the design of anti-corruption strategies. We will support countries in  SUPPORTING AND LEVERAGING SUPPORTING AND PROTECTING CORRUPTION THE WORK OF HUMAN RIGHTS working towards rights-based national an- CIVIL SOCIETY IN ITS FIGHT AGAINST MECHANISMS ON CORRUPTION CORRUPTION ti-corruption laws, policies and practices. By putting people – the rights holders, Corruption exists in all countries’ pu- anticorruption movement, and to raise and States – the duty bearers, at the cen- The Office will continue to support human Civil society actors play a crucial role in blic and private spheres, no matter their greater awareness about the potential of tre, the human rights-based approach to rights mechanisms’ work on corruption combating corruption. They provide cri- economic and political systems or their human rights to combat corruption. anti-corruption has the potential to in- within their respective mandates. Corrup- tical information on corruption and help level of development. It is a transnational crease the effectiveness of strategies. tion, as a systemic root cause of human document its negative impact on human In addressing corruption, UN Human phenomenon whose solutions require rights violations, is increasingly being rights. In important ways, their work com- Rights will work closely with key UN In 2020, UN Human Rights will undertake international cooperation, including for highlighted by treaty bodies and the Uni- plements that of official mechanisms actors with an explicit mandate and research on approaches and methods the recovery of stolen assets. Corruption versal Periodic Review (UPR). In addition, established to monitor progress in imple- specialized expertise in this area of cor- for measuring and investigating corrup- is a major obstacle to the full realization special procedures and Commissions menting anti-corruption measures. Treaty ruption, such as the UN Office on Drugs tion and its impact on the enjoyment of of human rights and to the achievement of Inquiry are addressing corruption in bodies look to their work when they con- and Crime (UNODC) and the UN Devel- human rights, with a view to identify- of the Sustainable Development Goals. their work. We will continue to provide sider the obligations of States to protect opment Programme (UNDP). For example, ing victims of corruption from a human It undermines a State’s ability to mobilize hands-on support to countries with the from and investigate human rights viola- in Jamaica, the Office will cooperate with rights perspective. In this context, we and allocate resources for the delivery of implementation of recommendations of tions tainted by corruption. To strengthen UNODC to ensure anti-corruption efforts will develop principles and guidelines for services essential for the realization of human rights mechanisms. The Office the capacity of civil society actors to and human rights are integrated within the the human rights-compliant return and human rights and it leads to discrimina- in Cambodia, for example, continued to contribute to the fight against corruption, United Nations Multi-country Sustainable use of seized and confiscated assets. tory access to public services in favour facilitate the development of a criminal we have worked with the Geneva Acad- Development Framework (UNMSDF). For example, in Madagascar, at the re- of those able to influence authorities. case database with a view to enhance the emy of International Humanitarian Law quest of the Government and in line with Efforts to stop corruption and realize hu- UN Human Rights is committed to step transparency of the judicial process and and Human Rights and the Centre for the National Development Plan, we will man rights are mutually reinforcing. Both up its work on corruption, including with forestall judicial corruption. Civil and Political Rights on a guide for work on tackling corruption, through the demand accountability, participation regard to prevention, investigation and anti-corruption actors on how to leverage implementation of capacity-building pro- Beyond providing support to the imple- and transparency. prosecution, international cooperation the work of human rights mechanisms in grammes targeting the Anti-Corruption mentation of international human rights and asset recovery. In particular, the Office their efforts to combat corruption. Over The Convention against Corruption is one Pole (ACP), Madagascar’s anti-corruption mechanisms recommendations, we will intends to further strengthen its capaci- the coming two years, the Office will en- of the most widely ratified international court, including human rights training also continue to provide specialized ex- ty to support countries in their efforts to deavour to increase civic space in the treaties, demonstrating the importance for the Magistrates within the ACP. In pertise at the country level to help national move towards rights-based anti-corrup- international discourse, including the in- that States worldwide attach to the fight Central America, in partnership with the human rights institutions in their fight tion laws, support the important work of tergovernmental debate, in follow-up to against corruption. The commitment to Inter-American Commission on Human against corruption. the human rights mechanisms on corrup- the implementation of the UN Convention fight corruption is also firmly anchored Rights, we will convene workshops on tion, and protect civil society in its fight against Corruption and in the outcome of in the 2030 Agenda for Sustainable De- the impact of corruption on the enjoyment against corruption. the UN summit on corruption in 2021. velopment and the Addis Ababa Action of human rights in order to mainstream Agenda. Sustainable Development Goal human rights principles and standards in 16 calls upon Member States to, inter alia, the regional debate on corruption. In the  PROMOTING A HUMAN RIGHTS- substantially reduce corruption, bribery BASED APPROACH TO FIGHT Central African region, UN Human Rights and illicit financial flows and to strengthen CORRUPTION will work with the national institutes of the recovery and return of stolen assets statistics to strengthen the collection and and to develop effective, accountable and treatment of data on natural resources In line with the Doha Declaration on “In- transparent institutions at all levels. management and social expenditure to tegrating Crime Prevention and Criminal better document and measure the nega- The General Assembly’s special session Justice into the Wider United Nations tive impact of corruption on the enjoyment on corruption, scheduled for the first half Agenda to Address Social and Economic of human rights. of 2021, provides an important opportunity Challenges and to Promote the Rule of to make progress towards a rights-based Law”, the Office will promote a holistic, approach to corruption. Our aim is to help victim-focused approach, with the aim of explain how human rights can support the integrating human rights principles and

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ic, social and cultural rights and the right management, and development finance, INEQUALITIES to development. including by promoting the application of the Guiding Principles for Human Rights As the UN reasserts a role in supporting Impact Assessments of Economic Re- governments on “Economic Transforma- form Policies. tion,” UN Human Rights will highlight how ACCELERATING SDG a human rights-based approach to eco- We will help create and maintain IMPLEMENTATION BY ESCALATING ACTION ON INEQUALITIES nomic policy-making can contribute to safeguard-policies and independent ac- economies that place people and planet countability mechanisms for development at the centre of prosperity. We will pro- financing institutions and will support As all Member States agreed, in the vide technical support on these issues in populations affected by them. We will 2030 Agenda for Sustainable Develop- countries that face high levels of inequali- further play a leadership role within the ment and the Sustainable Development ties, including in our new field presence in UN development system to ensure the Goals (SDGs), on targets, and indicators Sudan and the transition from the human implementation, monitoring and review for action on the economic dimensions of rights component in the peace mission of the targets to reduce inequalities and inequality and the prohibited grounds of (MINUJUSTH) to the human rights unit in eliminate discrimination that are included discrimination, the Agenda also presents the new special political mission (BINUH) in SDGs 5, 10 and 16. a unique opportunity to challenge struc- in Haiti, and in specific countries within the The rolling out of the Chief Executives tural forms of discrimination, exclusion and regions of Southern Africa and South and Board for Coordination’s Shared UN inequality and to make real the promise to Central America, as well as Asia-Pacific. Framework For Action on inequalities and UN Human Rights helped to shape laws to “leave no one behind”. We will step up our technical assistance the UNSDG Operational Guide for the UN end discrimination in Moldova, including Economic inequalities, combined with on economic inequalities under the frame- against the Roma community that has Drawing on the opportunities of the UN system on Leaving No One Behind present pervasive discrimination, have an enor- work of SDG implementation to show how suffered from decades of discrimination. development system reform and build- unique opportunities for UN Human Rights ©OHCHR/Marina Momat mous impact on the enjoyment of all our issues of public investment, budgets, tax ing on the Secretary-General’s call for a to engage at the global and national lev- rights. The UN Secretary-General has policies, elimination of corruption and decade of action and acceleration to de- els. We will pilot work under the UNSDG warned the global community that “rising illegal financial flows, and debt sustain- liver the Sustainable Development Goals Operational Guidance in Cameroon, Ne- income and wealth inequalities risk under- “To achieve the 2030 ability relate to the realization of gender by 2030, UN Human Rights is uniquely pal and Tunisia and integrate lessons for mining efforts to achieve the Sustainable equality and human rights, especially placed to support the transformation Agenda, the world's country implementation in the context of Development Goals,” threatening social economic and social rights. Building on of States’ human rights obligations and States need to advance the UN development reforms. cohesion, entrenching insecurity and recommendations from the UN human the Memorandum of Understanding re- dampening economic growth, risking vio- rights mechanisms into concrete SDG on tackling inequalities – cently signed with UNEP, we will escalate As the reform of the UN development lent conflict, as well as threatening human policies and practices. work countering the disastrous impact of system is rolled out through the new rights and human progress.* inequalities of resources, environmental degradation and climate Common Country Analyses (CCA) and UN In 2020, at a time of growing unrest over change on enjoyment of human rights, Sustainable Development Cooperation Extreme inequalities, including eco- income, power, access spiralling inequalities, we will step up our with due recognition that those who bear Frameworks (UNSDCFs), we will work nomic and social inequalities, have a contribution to the efforts by Member to justice and with the brunt are often the most indigent and to help UN Country Teams (UNCTs) ap- profound impact on human rights, desta- States and the UN system to address dis- vulnerable populations. ply a human rights-based approach to bilizing economies and political systems, respect to the basic crimination and economic inequalities. We development, “leaving no one behind.” undermining resilience, precipitating We will also address the human rights im- will support the strengthening of analyses conditions for human We will support work for gender equality grievances, and sowing the seeds of so- pacts of austerity measures, which tend and recommendations in order to secure and women’s empowerment (in line with cial unrest and violent conflict. Our aim is dignity. When States to have disproportionate consequences the most sustainable and equitable eco- the UNSDG’s Guiding Principles) and on to show that policies reinforcing economic on those already marginalised. In select nomic policies and development plans. agreed to "Leave No rights-based risk analysis for prevention. and social inequality foster discrimination We will increase focus on how public in- One Behind", they made countries, we will pilot the provision of and undermine human rights, and that the vestment, debt sustainability, budgets, human rights-based economic analysis inequalities that exist within and between tax policies, social protection, elimination a profound commitment and policy advice. In addition, we will en- countries are a human rights issue. of corruption and illegal financial flows, courage and assist States and partners to to address them.” apply human rights impact assessments * United Nations, Economic and Social Council, Special and governance of natural resourc- edition: progress towards the Sustainable Development es can better promote the reduction of Michelle Bachelet, UN High and analysis to trade and investment Goals: report of the Secretary-General, E/2019/68 (8 May Commissioner for Human Rights policies, environmental and social risk 2019), available from undocs.org/E/2019/68. inequalities and the realization of econom-

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REDUCING INEQUALITY AS A DRIVER responses. In 2020, we will work to ad- tional financial institutions) on the design OF CONFLICT AND CRISIS vance a human rights-based approach of social protection, food security and uni- INVESTING IN DATA AND BUILDING specifically to the right to health in huma- versal health coverage to ensure that they BRIDGES BETWEEN HUMAN RIGHTS Economic inequalities and other forms of nitarian settings (including for sexual and protect human rights and target those fur- AND SDG REPORTING economic injustice are key drivers of social reproductive health) and support imple- thest behind. mentation of international commitments unrest and conflict. As the 2018 UN-World As the official “custodian” for four SDG on bringing humanitarian and deve- Bank report, Pathways for Peace, makes indicators,* the Office has developed the lopment action closer together. clear, “addressing inequalities and exclu- methodology and metadata to measure sion, making institutions more inclusive, the discrimination targets, which now UN Human Rights and ensuring that development strategies supported the South African needs to be adopted in the collection of Human Rights Commission are risk-informed are central to preventing STRENGTHENING PREVENTION AND ACCOUNTABILITY FOR VIOLATIONS data at national level. In 2020, we will pro- to embed better human the fraying of the social fabric that could mote a human rights-based approach to rights norms across the OF ECONOMIC, SOCIAL AND education spectrum. erupt into crisis.” Applying human rights CULTURAL RIGHTS TO REDUCE data, advocating for the disaggregation of ©OHCHR principles and practices, our work with the ECONOMIC INEQUALITIES data based on the prohibited grounds of rest of the UN system will help identify and discrimination. We will work with experts achieving the 2030 Agenda. We will sup- In 2020, we will advocate for expanding address inequality and its root causes. and practitioners to improve the capacity port country-level data disaggregation civil society participation in SDG monito- The resurgence of right-wing populism and work to build bridges between the ring, particularly for those who are most Denial of economic and social rights can of national institutions to collect, analyse or political nationalism in many countries human rights and SDG reporting and re- marginalized and left furthest behind. We also be important drivers of conflict while and disaggregate data, move beyond the can be attributed, in part, to the growth view mechanisms with support to National will continue to promote enabling environ- disputes over land and natural resources averages and understand better the dis- of inequality and the widespread neglect Mechanisms for Reporting and Follow-up ments for civil society and advocate on are a pre-eminent cause of grievance. We crimination, deprivation and inequalities and denial of economic, social and cultural (NMRF). For example, in Tunisia, the Office the critical role of NHRIs in this regard. We will work to ensure that State authorities faced by certain groups, keep track of core rights. Against this backdrop, we will work has been advocating for the integration will build the evidence base for why civil pursue land and housing policies that human rights obligations and the progres- to strengthen the promotion and protec- of the NMRF in the national body that society is good for societies and develop protect the rights of people and consider sive realization of economic, social and tion of economic, social and cultural rights, will be established to monitor and report effective advocacy, as well as policy and free, prior, informed consent for decisions cultural rights, and apply more inclusive as well as to ensure public accountability on the SDGs. We will offer to States the legal advice, to expand the civic space affecting individuals and communities, data life cycles. The Office will continue and access to justice for violations of these National Recommendations Tracking Da- within which human rights defenders can especially indigenous peoples and their to nurture more systematic institutional rights as a critical part of redressing this tabase (NRTD), to record progress they operate (e.g., Europe, Southern and East ancestral land and territories. As climate collaboration between NHRIs and national imbalance. are making towards the realization of hu- Africa, South-East Asia, Middle East and change also poses a significant threat to statistical offices, as we have in Kenya and man rights, and to prepare their Voluntary Central America Regional Offices). the realization of the 2030 Agenda, we will In 2020, we will strengthen efforts to Uganda, and strengthen our partnerships National Reviews. assess the human rights impact of climate support authorities to integrate human with UN Women, UNFPA, UNDP and re- We will advocate for better protection of change on the most vulnerable commu- rights standards when they draft and im- gional mechanisms in this critical area. civil society with States, NHRIs and UN plement laws, policies and strategies on nities to help ensure that government The Universal Periodic Review (UPR), spe- EXPAND CIVIC SPACE AND PROMOTE entities. Building on our protection man- responses meet the needs of affected land and housing; assist accountability cial procedures mechanisms, the human MEANINGFUL PARTICIPATION OF date, we will strengthen documentation of populations in line with human rights. For mechanisms to address forced evictions, rights treaty bodies, and the Office have THOSE LEFT BEHIND the specific challenges that human rights example, in 2020, we will conduct a global homelessness, displacement, land grabs worked to focus more attention on eco- defenders face, including women and study on the impacts of climate change and other violations of housing, land and nomic, social and cultural rights and the LGBTI human rights defenders, working Meaningful and effective participation is on the rights of persons with disabilities, related rights such as food, water and 2030 Agenda. In 2020, we will continue on inequalities, discrimination, gender is- a prerequisite for more equitable and sus- examine the impacts of climate change on sanitation; strengthen partnerships to in- to strengthen the implementation of the sues, economic, social and cultural rights, tainable development. The 2030 Agenda the livelihoods of women and girls in East crease awareness of the right to housing recommendations of the human rights land, environment and the rights of indige- recognizes that inclusive and participa- Africa, and explore the linkages between and the right to land; and develop practical mechanisms, recognizing that such ad- nous peoples and make trends that relate tory economies, and societies in which climate change, displacement and human approaches to implement the 2030 Agen- vances can also speed up progress in to online and offline civic space visible. government is accountable, achieve bet- rights in several regions (West Africa, the da commitment to “leave no one behind” ter outcomes for all people, leaving no one Pacific and Southeast Asia). with respect to housing, land and related behind. It also explicitly acknowledges the human rights, including by integrating a In the context of crises, especially need for broad national consultations and gender perspective. * UN Human Rights is the UN system’s custodian agency for protracted crises, to prevent the exa- four official SDG indicators under SDG 16 and 10, on NHRIs participation of all sectors of society in its We will build partnerships and engage (16.a.1), violence against human rights defenders (16.10.1), cerbation of inequality, it is important to prevalence of discrimination (10.3.1/16.b.1) and conflict- implementation as well as in reviewing protect human rights also in humanitarian with key stakeholders (including interna- related deaths (16.1.2). progress made.

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COUNTING PEOPLE WITH ALBINISM: A STELLAR STEP FOR INCLUSION IN KENYA Disabilities

“When we are counted, we begin to “NUMBERS INFORM POLICY, PLAN- planning, resource allocation and even count,” says Nicolas Fasel, chief statisti- NING AND RESOURCE ALLOCATION” delimitation of boundaries in the Kenyan cian at UN Human Rights. context,” Ms. Mukaindo stressed. “At the Office, it is our role and duty to list And counting people – or deciding not these marginalised groups on the basis of to do so – is not neutral. In Kenya, the the work done by the international human PERSONS WITH ALBINISM MUST ambition to “leave no one behind,” in the rights mechanisms,” asserts Nicolas Fasel, COUNT IN DECISION-MAKING context of the 2030 Agenda, has found its who was part of the UN Human Rights’ UN Human Rights suggested the inclusion way through the 2019 National Population team involved in the initial process. “The of a question on albinism. This was the and Housing Census. fundamental contribution of human rights very first time that persons with albinism UN Human Rights supported the prepa- is that we all have the right to be counted. were counted in Kenya. For members of ration of the 2019 Kenya Population and That’s the beginning of accountability!” the Albinism Society of Kenya, who had Housing Census that took place in August he adds. started a campaign to be counted in 2009, 2019. Through its partnerships with the The Kenya Population and Housing this is a great milestone! Kenya National Bureau of Statistics and Census 2019, the sixth since Kenya’s inde- “UN Human Rights was instrumental in the Kenya National Commission on Hu- pendence in 1963, is the most innovative advocating for the inclusion of albinism man Rights (KNCHR), the Office influenced and progressive of all. For the first time, in the census instruments,” recalled Ms. the inclusion of questions in the census the census captured data electronically Mukaindo. questionnaire – in particular, on disability, through a mobile device in order to ensure persons with albinism, intersex and indig- data accuracy and security. “The clamour for our inclusion into the enous peoples. mainstream society hasn’t been easy. A third gender, intersex, was added to the Persons with albinism must count in census form, and the list of communities decision-making,” claimed Mr. Isaac was expanded to include all indigenous Mwaura, national coordinator of the Albi- and marginalised groups. nism Society of Kenya, and first Member “These groups were previously left behind of Parliament and senator with albinism and the KNCHR recognised the need to in Kenya. have everyone count in such an important The inclusion of people with albinism in national exercise in line with the Sustain- the 2019 census will contribute to better

able Development Goals and with the policies and programmes that will benefit Workers of the Census enumeration walk past vendors selling wares, August 24, 2019 in Kibera's district, in Nairobi, nation’s Constitution,” says Ms. Petronel- them. “Having accurate numbers on per- before the beginning of the population census. © SIMON MAINA / AFP la Mukaindo, KNCHR Programme Officer. sons with albinism will help the State in improving its services to persons with Failing to recognise these groups would albinism, and in particular, the albinism have meant ignoring their existence and support programme,” notes Ms. Mukaindo. perpetuating human rights violations. “A census exercise, being the most com- Ikponwosa Ero, the UN Independent Ex- prehensive national exercise on data pert on the enjoyment of human rights Kenya National Bureau of Statistics’ enumerators collect collection, and one that took place once by persons with albinism, declared that information from Senator Isaac Mwaura, for the census. in a decade, it was paramount that no one Kenya “was set to become a regional lead- Nairobi, Kenya, August 2019. © Albinism Society of Kenya was left behind. Numbers inform policy, er on the issue.”

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SUPPORTING THE SYSTEMATIC and ensuring the economic, social and ENGAGEMENT OF THE cultural rights of migrants are respected PEOPLE ON THE MOVE INTERNATIONAL HUMAN RIGHTS including through health, housing and MECHANISMS IN MIGRATION ISSUES, INCLUDING FOR THE REVIEW OF THE education services. IMPLEMENTATION OF THE GLOBAL The Office will further strengthen its sup- Migration is the story of humanity since Many of today’s 272 million international protection of migrants’ human rights, no COMPACT FOR MIGRATION port for the Human Rights Council, its its earliest times – a story of the many migrants face pervasive intolerance and matter where they are or how or why they bodies and mechanisms, as well as the women, men and children who have xenophobia, discrimination and a wide are on the move, must be a central con- treaty bodies, in their work for the human sought out safety, dignity and new hori- range of other human rights violations. cern if we are to “leave no one behind”. UN Human Rights works so that the hu- rights of people on the move, including zons abroad. Migration can be a safe, Many continue to move, live and work in man rights of all migrants are better UN Human Rights has a major role to play by promoting and contributing to the im- positive and empowering experience but the shadows, marginalized and excluded. understood, recognized, respected and in helping build human rights protection plementation of their recommendations not so for an increasing number of people The absence of human rights-based mi- protected, including by supporting States for migrants. The Office is uniquely placed at the country, regional and global levels. on the move – those compelled to leave gration governance systems at the local, and other stakeholders in the implemen- to bring in-depth understanding of the their homes for reasons of poverty, food national, regional and global levels only tation of the Global Compact for Safe, We will build on the work of the Special human rights situation of migrants on the insecurity, lack of access to healthcare or contributes to their plight. Some current Orderly and Regular Migration, which Rapporteur on trafficking in persons to ground to the national, regional and global education as well as the consequences of responses to migration challenge univer- was adopted by the General Assembly in engage with private sector companies levels. Our well-established monitoring environmental degradation and climate sal values and long-respected norms of December 2018. The Global Compact for and trade unions for the protection of and reporting of human rights violations change, in addition to the perhaps more international law established to ensure Migration (GCM) is a unique opportunity migrant workers, tackling their vulnera- ensures our contributions are both credi- readily recognised drivers of forced dis- the respect, protection and fulfilment of for States to create migration governance bility to trafficking and severe exploitation. ble and impactful. placement such as persecution, violence all human rights for all people. Effective systems – based on rights and obligations The Office has helped produce guidance and conflict. – to the benefit both of migrants and host material for businesses on how to design communities. worker-led grievance mechanisms. The new agreement between the Government In collaboration with the UN human rights of Ireland and the International Transport mechanisms and other stakeholders, the Workers’ Federation addressing cases Office will enhance its support for the im- of severe exploitation and trafficking in plementation of the GCM. The Office will persons, which grants new immigration continue work at the global, regional and rights to non-European Economic Area national levels, in the spirit of a whole- workers in the fishing industry, is a related of-UN-system approach, to ensure that result. Building on this success, UN Hu- norm-based and protection-focused man Rights will reinforce its engagement responses effectively guaranteeing the with non-traditional actors to promote human rights of all migrants are appro- their use of outcomes of the international priately integrated throughout the UN and regional human rights mechanisms. system and in Member States’ responses to international migration. As a member of the Network’s Executive Committee, established by the Secretary-General to provide system-wide support to this endeavour, the Office will co-lead or participate in a number of work streams, including on support to Member States as they develop GCM national implemen- tation plans, strengthening capacities to expand pathways for admission and stay for migrants in vulnerable situations based on human rights or humanitarian grounds,

Human Rights Officer listens to migrants at the Peñita check point in Darien, Panama, as they describe their experiences in ensuring returns are safe and dignified, crossing the Darien gap on their quest to reach North America. ©OHCHR/ Carlos Rodriguez

32 UN HUMAN RIGHTS APPEAL 2020 Human Rights Mechanisms Peace and Security UN HUMAN RIGHTS APPEAL 2020 33 ROADMAP TO 2021 ROADMAP TO 2021

SUPPORTING THE DEVELOPMENT PROMOTING A HUMAN RIGHTS- ADDRESSING THE HUMAN RIGHTS agreement signed by the Governments AND IMPLEMENTATION OF HUMAN BASED NARRATIVE ON MIGRATION PROTECTION GAPS FACED BY of Guatemala and the United States of RIGHTS-BASED MIGRATION MIGRANTS IN VULNERABLE America. In Libya, the Office will continue POLICIES AND MEASURES THROUGH SITUATIONS BY MONITORING, to work with the UN Support Mission in RESEARCH AND POLICY ANALYSIS In a continued effort to address harmful REPORTING AND Libya (UNSMIL) to monitor and report on narratives on migration and against mi- BUILDING CAPACITY

grants, UN Human Rights will strengthen human rights abuses against migrants, In the coming year, the Office will con- its engagement on issues related to coun- including in detention centres, at sea and duct research and policy analysis on key Migratory movements around the world tering hate and reshaping narratives on international borders, and upon return. human rights issues in the context of mi- are increasingly precarious. In this con- migration. The Office will launch a global gration, including migrants in vulnerable text, UN Human Rights has enhanced UN Human Rights, in collaboration with communications initiative to help counter situations, pathways for admission and its focus on the protection of the human the UN Office on Counter-Terrorism, has these narratives, focused on universal va- stay, the lawfulness and sustainability of rights of migrants, giving specific atten- developed a training package, based on lues, our common humanity and solidarity. return and reintegration measures, and tion to the needs of migrants in vulnerable its Recommended Principles and Guide- UN Human Rights will adapt the initiative the drivers compelling people to move situations – those who are particularly at lines on Human Rights at International for relevance to specific regional con- such as violations of economic and social risk of being left behind. Borders (2014). In the past two years, the texts, such as those of Central America, rights and the adverse effects of climate “human rights at borders” training ma- Southern Africa, Asia-Pacific and Europe. To better identify the specific human rights change. The analysis will be enriched by terials have been piloted in a series of In the Asia-Pacific region, for example, protection gaps that migrants face and case studies and field research that will regional workshops in Southeast Asia, to help reframe harmful narratives, the to strengthen the design and implemen- be undertaken in different regions of the Southern Africa, the Sahel and Northern Office will produce and disseminate a se- tation by States and other stakeholders world, including Central America, South Africa with frontline border officials. The ries of videos on the stories of migrants of human rights-based responses, the Asia and the Sahel. In 2020, UN Human Office will continue these efforts, expand- from Asia-Pacific. This will contribute to Office has dispatched monitoring teams Rights will produce a report on migration ing the geographical scope of the regional the implementation of GCM commitments to border and transit locations around and human rights in Asia-Pacific, which will workshops and providing targeted train- on eliminating all forms of discrimination the world, including in Austria, Brazil, Co- include a mapping of protection pathways ings at the national level, including in and on reshaping perceptions of migra- lombia, Ecuador, Guatemala, Honduras, for migrants in vulnerable situations in that the MENA region, Asia-Pacific and in tion, as well as the Secretary-General’s Italy, Mexico, Niger, Peru and Tunisia. In region. The Office will further hold round the Americas. UN Strategy and Plan of Action on 2020, the Office will continue to monitor table discussions with judges, lawyers and Hate Speech. and report on the human rights challen- other relevant stakeholders to discuss ges faced by people on the move in all strategic litigation on issues of concern to phases of the migration cycle, including migrants in vulnerable situations, includ- in Asia-Pacific, Central America, and West ing in the Asia-Pacific region. Africa and along the central Mediterra- “Countries have nean route. In addition, we will provide the right and even technical assistance, guidance materials and legal expertise in support of human the responsibility to rights-based approaches to migration determine their own governance, and advocate for specific protections for migrants in vulnerable migration policies, situations. For example, in Guatemala, and to responsibly the Office will work together with the UN Country Team to monitor, and raise aware- manage their borders. ness about the human rights situation of But they must do migrants, including during transit, deten- tion and return. In particular, the Office will so in full respect for provide technical assistance to Member human rights.” States to ensure the implementation of the Migration Code in the context of the António Guterres, Cooperation Agreement on Protection UN Secretary-General Claims, the so-called “safe third country”

34 UN HUMAN RIGHTS APPEAL 2020 Development Non-Discrimination Accountability UN HUMAN RIGHTS APPEAL 2020 35 ROADMAP TO 2021 ROADMAP TO 2021

AWAITING FREEDOM IN SERBIA: RECONNECTING WITH DIGNITY*

Serbia has long been a transit country “We had to cope quickly,” said Jankovic. family finally escaped from prison, they That someone is a psychologist from the Officer for UN Human Rights in Belgrade. for refugees, especially during the wars “As we visited centres and border cross- could not return home. Sneaking back for International Aid Network (IAN), a Bel- “Living conditions for refugees have been that shattered the former Yugoslavia. ings, we heard about pushbacks and a few valuables and some cash, Farkun- grade-based NGO with its roots in former improving, and complaints about ill treat- But authorities thought little of migra- about how refugees were being treat- deh, her husband and their five children Yugoslavia, where it assisted refugees ment are becoming scarcer.” tion until 2014, when refugee numbers ed. Our problem was how to help these stole away like thieves in the night, and displaced persons. Serbia’s legal framework for human rights skyrocketed. refugees while they were on Serbian ter- ashamed and afraid. “My memory is improving, I am less sick, is solid, but gaps remain and laws are still ritory and keep them out of the hands of “We were forced to pay attention,” said Seeking asylum, they travelled from Af- and I want my husband to approach stronger on paper than in practice. The smugglers and off the streets.” Milos Jankovic, Serbia’s Deputy Om- ghanistan to Pakistan to Iran, unwelcome me again.” country is aligning its policies with interna- budsman. “Before 2014 we had about The Ombudsman’s office made recom- everywhere and defrauded by smugglers tional standards and human rights values IAN provides medical, psychological and 100 migrants coming through each year. mendations to government about how each step of the way. and has signed most international treaties. legal support to victims of torture and their As of 2015, we had a million.” to support migrants and refugees while With EU accession in 2025 within grasp, At the Turkish border, smugglers told families. For Farkundeh, still suffering from respecting their rights. human rights – a key pillar of accession The Serbian Ombudsman’s office, the adults to crawl under a border fence the traumas of rape and separation from – is becoming an increasingly important strengthened with support from UN “We didn’t know much about migrants so and began throwing the children over her two older sons, that psychological item on the social and political agenda. Human Rights, has played a leading UN Human Rights gave us information and the top. But border guards appeared help is a lifeline. role in solving regional migration crises helped us build up our knowledge.” unexpectedly, capturing the two older Each day, Hungary allows ten refugees “We were called in to do psychological and is now one of the country’s most sons before they made it across, deport- to cross the border legally. And each day, assessments to Kikinda because the re- trusted institutions. ing them back to Afghanistan. Farkundeh hopes she’ll be on the master THE LONG JOURNEY fugees showed so many signs of mental list that determines who goes first. But Farkundeh has not seen her sons since, stress,” said Bojana Trivuncic, a psycho- Farkundeh** has been living in an asylum 4,000 others are waiting too, and there although she knows they are alive. logist with IAN. “But we cannot cure them. centre in Kikinda for two years, waiting for are rumours that those with money get What we can do is help them pick up the passage to Hungary and beyond. After waiting weeks for them in vain, she through faster. Farkundeh’s money sits at pieces of their lives.” and her now reduced family embarked the bottom of the Mediterranean. She is in Serbia because of the Taliban on a horrifying voyage far too familiar to The UN Voluntary Fund for Victims of Tor- who rule her corner of Afghanistan. Her She plays the waiting game, resigned. refugees along this route: paying thou- ture, administered by UN Human Rights, husband once worked for a government sands of dollars for a car ride to Greece is one of several partners that funds IAN “My wish is for my family to be together so hospital, a suspicious activity in the eyes that never came, forced into a rubber and helps build the capacity of civil so- I can finally find my place among them.” of anti-government Taliban. Her family dinghy that ran out of fuel halfway across ciety groups to strengthen refugee and A simple wish, a reality many of us take also belongs to the Hazara tribe, a visi- the Aegean Sea and started to sink, com- migrant rights. for granted. ble minority of Mongolian descent whose pelled to throw money and valuables members often face discrimination be- overboard to stay afloat, and finally, res- cause of their ethnicity and religion – the THE LONG WAIT, A SIMPLE WISH cued by the coast guard and internment Hazara are Shi’a Muslims, much hated by in a Greek camp. As European countries seal their borders the Sunni Taliban. with walls and barbed wire, the space for Finally, after transiting through a series of One night, Taliban officials broke into migrants and refugees shrinks, squeezing camps, the family reached Kikinda. Farkundeh’s home and abducted her en- them into ever-narrower corridors of free- tire family, throwing them into jail. They “At least I am not hungry or cold here, and dom. One of these is Serbia, where the beat and tortured Farkundeh, bound her there is someone who can help me and situation is steadily improving. * This story was originally published in 2018 on husband’s hands and feet and forced him listen to my problems,” Farkundeh said, “Serbia has a fairly good track record, es- https://unhumanrights.exposure.co/ to watch as they raped her. In her village holding back tears. pecially compared to its neighbours,” said in the foothills of the Hindu Kush, raped **The name Farkundeh, not her real one, was chosen by her Milan Markovic, Human Rights Programme to remain anonymous and safe. women are stoned to death so when the Farkundeh looking through the window of the asylum centre, Kikinda, Serbia. ©OHCHR

36 UN HUMAN RIGHTS APPEAL 2020 UN HUMAN RIGHTS APPEAL 2020 37 UN HUMAN RIGHTS AROUND THE WORLD IN 2020 UN HUMAN RIGHTS AROUND THE WORLD IN 2020

UN HUMAN RIGHTS AROUND THE WORLD IN 2020

Europe Kosovo* Russian Republic of Republic of North Mexico New York Geneva Montenegro Serbia Belarus Ukraine (Brussels) (UNMIK) Federation Moldova Macedonia

Headquarters South Caucasus Country/Stand-alone Offices/ (Tbilisi) Human Rights Missions Central Asia (Bishkek) Iraq (UNAMI) Regional Offices/Centres Syria – Mongolia based in Beirut Human rights components Afghanistan Middle East and of UN Peace/Political Missions (UNAMA) North Africa (Beirut) UN Human Rights Training and Human Rights Advisers deployed Documentation Centre for South-West State of Palestine*** under the framework of the UNSDG Asia and the Arab Region (Gaza and Ramallah) (Doha) Other types of field presences Tunisia OHCHR Field-based structure** Haiti (BINUH) (Seoul, Republic of Korea) Libya (UNSMIL) Yemen Belize Jordan Guatemala Saudi Arabia Honduras Mauritania Sudan G5 Sahel – El Salvador (UNAMID) Mauritania**** Philippines

Jamaica Sudan Cambodia West Africa Costa Rica East Africa (Dakar) (Addis Ababa) Malaysia Central America FIELD PRESENCES HQ Guinea-Bissau Somalia (Panama City) (UNIOGBIS) (UNSOM) Bangladesh Venezuela Papua New Guinea Guinea South Sudan (UNMISS) 85 1 Barbados Nepal South-East Asia Mali (MINUSMA) (Bangkok) + (2 locations) Kenya Timor-Leste Colombia G5 Sahel – Pacific Mali**** Madagascar Sri Lanka (Suva) COUNTRY/STAND-ALONE OFFICES/ Ecuador Liberia Myanmar – HUMAN RIGHTS MISSIONS Uganda Trinidad and Tobago G5 Sahel – Maldives based in Bangkok 17 Burkina Faso**** Guyana Rwanda Burkina Faso REGIONAL OFFICES/CENTRES Myanmar – Chad based in Cox’s Bazar Peru G5 Sahel – G5 Sahel – Malawi Niger**** 12 Chad**** Bolivia HUMAN RIGHTS COMPONENTS Niger Zimbabwe Central African OF UN PEACE/POLITICAL MISSIONS Paraguay Nigeria Republic Mozambique (MINUSCA) 12 Brazil Southern Africa UN Sub-Regional Centre (Pretoria) HUMAN RIGHTS ADVISERS DEPLOYED South America for Human Rights and Democratic Republic UNDER THE FRAMEWORK OF THE UNSDG (Santiago de Chile) Democracy in Central Africa of the Congo (Yaoundé) (MONUSCO) 38 Uruguay Argentina * Reference to Kosovo should be understood in full compliance with United Nations Security Council resolution 1244 and without prejudice to the status of Kosovo. OTHER TYPES OF FIELD PRESENCES ** Mandated by Human Rights Council resolution 25/25. 6 *** Reference to the State of Palestine should be understood in compliance with United Nations General Assembly resolution 67/19. **** G5 Sahel Joint Force Compliance Framework Project (Burkina Faso, Chad, Mali, Mauritania and Niger). The boundaries and names shown and the designations used on this map do not imply official endorsement or acceptance by the United Nations.

38 UN HUMAN RIGHTS APPEAL 2020 UN HUMAN RIGHTS APPEAL 2020 39 FUNDING AND BUDGET FUNDING AND BUDGET

FUNDING AND BUDGET

The UN regular budget, approved by an allocation of US$106.9 million in 2019, Funding the General Assembly, is funded by “as- representing a decrease of 11.4 per cent. Total extrabudgetary sessed contributions” from each Member The 2020 regular budget is a continua- resources needed State. These are determined according Almost two thirds of UN Human Rights’ in- tion of “zero growth” as in previous years, for 2020 amount to to a formula that takes into account the come comes from voluntary contributions but also reflects a number of across-the- size and strength of their respective from Member States and other donors. board reductions decided by the General national economies. US$375.5 The remainder is covered by the UN re- Assembly. Thus, although official human gular budget. The 2020 regular budget is the first an- rights mandates continue to grow in nual budget prepared in accordance with number and scope, and Member States million the UN management reform agenda. have formally requested consideration of Indeed, during its seventy-second ses- an increase in the budget share for hu- greater financial support from Member sion, the General Assembly approved man rights, the reality is that the level of States and other donors, including the the proposed change from a biennial to resources allocated to the human rights private sector. an annual budget cycle on a trial basis, programme is in decline. As a result, UN 38% beginning with the programme budget Human Rights continues to rely heavily on In 2019, the Office received for 2020. The General Assembly will re- voluntary contributions to finance as much US$172.1 million** in extrabudgetary con- view the implementation of the annual as 20 per cent of the mandated activities tributions, compared to US$187.1 million budget at its seventy-seventh session in that should be financed by the regular in 2018. This represents a decrease budget, primarily treaty body and special of some 8 per cent. Furthermore, only 62% September 2022, with a view to taking a Discussion on land rights between UN Human Rights staff and villagers of the Phum Pis resettlement site who were expelled final decision.* procedures work. 31 per cent of these funds were unear- from their village after the government awarded an economic concession on their lands to a sugar cane company. marked, which represents the lowest © OHCHR This challenging financial situation is fur- The UN regular budget should finance amount since 2008. While some of the ther exacerbated by the ongoing cash all activities mandated by the General increase in earmarking can be attributed flow difficulties due to Member States’ 2020 Financial Assembly and its subsidiary organs, in- to more local funding for field activities assessed contributions arrears and by voluntary contributions UN regular cluding the Human Rights Council. Human and contributions from non-traditional requirements the timing of allocations. Although most of from Member States and budget rights are Charter responsibilities, recog- budget lines that are restricted as ear- other donors the resources required for new mandates nized as one of the three pillars of the UN marked funds, other contributions that introduced by the Human Rights Council Total extrabudgetary resources needed The Office demonstrates through system, the other two being development, were previously unearmarked have been are approved each year, the delay in their for 2020 amount to US$375.5 million. this Appeal the full extent of these and peace and security. The Secre- transformed into more circumscribed presentation to the General Assembly These are the funds the Office would requirements, as opposed to tary-General’s “Human Rights Up Front” funding. While all contributions are much means that the Office is forced to rely on require, in addition to the regular presenting only its operating cost plans. programme clearly underscored the cen- appreciated, the ongoing trend toward existing resources to cover new activities budget allocation, if it were to address Nevertheless, the “needs-based” budget trality of human rights to the work of the earmarking limits the Office’s capacity to with a more immediate timeline. With the all requests for assistance received and presented herein is still limited to what entire UN Secretariat. Yet, the regular allocate resources to where they are most UN Secretariat moving to an annual bud- needs identified. Contributions need to can realistically be implemented within budget allocates to human rights only a urgently required and demands more con- geting process, this issue is going to be be as flexible as possible and preferably a single year. For this reason, and due to tiny percentage of the resources that are stant budgetary adjustments over the even more acute. provided in multi-year agreements to the lengthy recruitment process to which extended to the other two pillars. While course of the year. help increase the predictability and the Office must adhere, some increases, approximately half of all regular budget Voluntary contributions, or extrabud- sustainability of our work. Early payment notably in the field, remain modest. resources are directed to these three pil- getary resources, represented, in 2019, is also critical as it helps to mitigate cash Expanding the reach of field presences lars, human rights receives only 3.3 per around 62 per cent of the UN Human flow constraints during the year. requires a steady build-up of human cent of the total UN regular budget. The Rights’ overall budget. However, in order resources and budgets over time. regular budget submission for the Office to respond to all requests for assistance for 2020 is US$94.7 million, compared to and needs identified, the Office requires ** Figures are estimated as of 15 December 2019 and will be adjusted and confirmed upon the final closure of the * A/RES/72/266. 2019 accounts.

40 UN HUMAN RIGHTS APPEAL 2020 UN HUMAN RIGHTS APPEAL 2020 41 FUNDING AND BUDGET FUNDING AND BUDGET

Overview Field Presences Regular budget allocation and extrabudgetary Africa 2,596,000 84,005,000 86,601,000 requirements for 2020 Americas 1,909,000 43,334,000 45,243,000 Asia and the Pacific 3,515,000 18,326,000 21,841,000

Europe and Central Asia 1,908,000 15,565,000 17,473,000

Middle East and North Africa 3,408,000 32,205,000 35,613,000

Regular Programme of Technical Cooperation 2,282,000 - 2,282,000 Programmatic, Outreach and Administrative Functions at Regional or Country Level - 6,400,000 6,400,000 OPERATING RESOURCES All figures in US$ SUBTOTAL FIELD PRESENCES 15,618,000 199,835,000 215,453,000 EXTRABUDGETARY TOTAL Programme of Work REGULAR BUDGET REQUIREMENTS (PLANNING FIGURES) TOTAL OPERATING RESOURCES (HQ + FIELD PRESENCES) 97,000,000 358,488,000 455,488,000 Subprogramme 1 Human Rights Mainstreaming, Right to Development, Research and Analysis 12,128,000 45,679,000 57,807,000 OTHER TRUST FUNDS

Subprogramme 2 Voluntary Fund for Victims of Torture - 11,500,000 11,500,000 Supporting the Human Rights Treaties Bodies 14,546,000 11,391,000 25,937,000 Voluntary Fund for Indigenous Peoples - 1,200,000 1,200,000 Subprogramme 3 Advisory Services and Technical Cooperation* 11,205,000 27,005,000 38,210,000 Trust Fund on Contemporary Forms of Slavery - 1,200,000 1,200,000

Subprogramme 4 Trust Fund for Universal Periodic Review - Participation - 570,000 570,000 Supporting the Human Rights Council and its Special Trust Fund for Universal Periodic Review - Procedures 21,877,000 24,659,000 46,536,000 Technical Assistance - 800,000 800,000

Headquarters Trust Fund for Participation of LDCs and SIDS in the HRC's work - 1,200,000 1,200,000 Executive Direction and Management and New York Office 7,887,000 27,109,000 34,996,000 Special Fund for the Optional Protocol to the UN Convention against Torture - 520,000 520,000 Policymaking Organs 8,926,000 - 8,926,000 TOTAL OTHER TRUST FUNDS 0 16,990,000 16,990,000 Other

Headquarters effectiveness - 3,500,000 3,500,000 GRAND TOTAL 97,000,000 375,478,000 472,478,000

Human Rights in the Secretary-General's Prevention Action Plan - 6,400,000 6,400,000

Unmet requests for Human Rights Advisers (activities) - 1,500,000 1,500,000

Support to the Programmes 4,813,000 11,410,000 16,223,000

SUBTOTAL HEADQUARTERS 81,382,000 158,653,000 240,035,000

* Does not include all regular budget allotments for the Human Rights Council.

42 UN HUMAN RIGHTS APPEAL 2020 UN HUMAN RIGHTS APPEAL 2020 43 FUNDING AND BUDGET FUNDING AND BUDGET

Headquarters SUBPROGRAMME 4 - SUPPORTING THE HUMAN RIGHTS COUNCIL AND ITS SPECIAL PROCEDURES Regular budget allocation and extrabudgetary Coordination and Management 398,000 683,000 1,081,000 requirements for 2020 Human Rights Council Branch 2,768,000 2,239,000 5,007,000 Universal Periodic Review Branch 4,008,000 405,000 4,413,000

Special Procedures Branch 8,236,000 18,332,000 26,568,000

Special Procedures Branch - Earmarked/Specific Funding - 3,000,000 3,000,000

Human Rights Council Mandates 6,467,000 - 6,467,000

SUBTOTAL SUBPROGRAMME 4 21,877,000 24,659,000 46,536,000

SUBPROGRAMME 1 - EXECUTIVE DIRECTION AND HUMAN RIGHTS MAINSTREAMING, RIGHT TO DEVELOPMENT, RESEARCH AND ANALYSIS All figures in US$ MANAGEMENT AND NEW YORK OFFICE 7,887,000 27,109,000 34,996,000

EXTRABUDGETARY TOTAL POLICYMAKING ORGANS 8,926,000 - 8,926,000 REGULAR BUDGET REQUIREMENTS (PLANNING FIGURES) OTHER Coordination and Management 402,000 14,569,000 14,971,000 Headquarters effectiveness - 3,500,000 3,500,000 Rule of Law, Equality and Non-discrimination Branch 4,835,000 12,488,000 17,323,000 Human Rights in the Secretary-General's Prevention Development, Economic and Social Issues Branch 4,944,000 18,623,000 23,567,000 Action Plan - 6,400,000 6,400,000

Human Rights Council Mandates 1,948,000 - 1,948,000 Unmet requests for Human Rights Advisers (activities) - 1,500,000 1,500,000

SUBTOTAL SUBPROGRAMME 1 12,129,000 45,679,000 57,808,000 Support to the Programmes 4,813,000 11,410,000 16,223,000

SUBTOTAL OTHER 21,626,000 49,919,000 71,545,000 SUBPROGRAMME 2 - SUPPORTING THE HUMAN RIGHTS TREATIES BODIES SUBTOTAL HEADQUARTERS 81,384,000 158,653,000 240,037,000 Coordination and Management 389,000 1,733,000 2,122,000

Human Rights Treaties Branch 14,157,000 5,908,000 20,065,000 OTHER TRUST FUNDS

Innovation for an Effective Treaty Body System - 3,750,000 3,750,000 Voluntary Fund for Victims of Torture - 11,500,000 11,500,000

SUBTOTAL SUBPROGRAMME 2 14,546,000 11,391,000 25,937,000 Voluntary Fund for Indigenous Peoples - 1,200,000 1,200,000

Trust Fund on Contemporary Forms of Slavery - 1,200,000 1,200,000 SUBPROGRAMME 3 - ADVISORY SERVICES AND TECHNICAL COOPERATION DIVISION Trust Fund for Universal Periodic Review - Participation - 570,000 570,000 Coordination and Management 2,750,000 12,138,000 14,888,000 Trust Fund for Universal Periodic Review - Africa Branch 2,028,000 2,977,000 5,005,000 Technical Assistance - 800,000 800,000

Americas, Europe and Central Asia Branch 2,158,000 3,050,000 5,208,000 Trust Fund for Participation of LDCs and SIDS in the HRC’s work - 1,200,000 1,200,000

Asia-Pacific, Middle East and North Africa 2,720,000 5,840,000 8,560,000 Special Fund for the Optional Protocol to the UN Convention against Torture - 520,000 520,000 Human Rights Council Mandates 1,550,000 - 1,550,000 TOTAL OTHER TRUST FUNDS 0 16,990,000 16,990,000 Commissions of Inquiry* - - - TOTAL HEADQUARTERS AND TRUST FUNDS 81,384,000 175,643,000 257,027,000 Investigation Capacity - 3,000,000 3,000,000

SUBTOTAL SUBPROGRAMME 3 11,206,000 27,005,000 38,211,000 * Does not include all regular budget allotments for the Human Rights Council.

44 UN HUMAN RIGHTS APPEAL 2020 UN HUMAN RIGHTS APPEAL 2020 45 FUNDING AND BUDGET FUNDING AND BUDGET

Field Other Extrabudgetary requirements for 2020 Burundi 1,560,000 Gambia 261,000

Lesotho 260,000 AFRICA All figures in US$ Mozambique 1,865,000 Country Offices EXTRABUDGETARY REQUIREMENTS G5 Sahel 12,502,000 Chad 2,272,000 SUBTOTAL AFRICA 84,005,000 Guinea 4,172,000

Liberia 6,770,000 AMERICAS

Mauritania 1,980,000 Country Offices

Sudan 4,919,000 Colombia 12,587,000

Uganda 4,831,000 Guatemala 7,303,000

Regional Offices Honduras 4,415,000 Central Africa, Yaoundé - Subregional Centre for Human Mexico 4,203,000 Rights and Democracy 1,076,000 Regional Offices East Africa, Addis Ababa 7,381,000 Central America, Panama City 3,170,000 Southern Africa, Pretoria 3,424,000 South America, Santiago 3,774,000 West Africa, Dakar 7,735,000 Human Rights Advisers Human Rights Advisers Argentina 88,000 Burkina Faso 364,000 Barbados 142,000 Kenya 1,709,000 Belize 62,000 Madagascar 1,157,000 Bolivia 410,000 Malawi 482,000 Brazil 107,000 Niger 859,000 Costa Rica 165,000 Nigeria 1,012,000 Ecuador 85,000 Rwanda 284,000 El Salvador 413,000 Zimbabwe 229,000 Guyana 72,000 Human Rights Components in Peace Mission Jamaica 354,000 Central African Republic 98,000 Paraguay 220,000 Democratic Republic of the Congo 10,902,000 Peru 102,000 Guinea-Bissau 4,140,000 Trinidad and Tobago 139,000 Mali 853,000 Uruguay 130,000 Somalia 580,000 Human Rights Components in Peace Missions South Sudan 238,000 Haiti 1,388,000 Sudan, Darfur 89,000

46 UN HUMAN RIGHTS APPEAL 2020 UN HUMAN RIGHTS APPEAL 2020 47 FUNDING AND BUDGET FUNDING AND BUDGET

Other Republic of Moldova 859,000

Nicaragua 965,000 Republic of North Macedonia 70,000

Venezuela 3,041,000 Serbia 765,000

SUBTOTAL AMERICAS 43,334,000 South Caucasus 1,110,000

Human Rights Monitoring Mission ASIA AND THE PACIFIC Ukraine 6,379,000 Country Offices Other Cambodia 3,093,000 Azerbaijan 411,000 Republic of Korea - Field-based structure 161,000 Georgia 108,000 Regional Offices Russian Federation 1,014,000 South-East Asia, Bangkok 4,679,000 SUBTOTAL EUROPE AND CENTRAL ASIA 15,565,000 Pacific, Suva 2,813,000

Human Rights Advisers MIDDLE EAST AND NORTH AFRICA

Bangladesh 429,000 Country Offices

Malaysia 171,000 State of Palestine* 3,181,000

Maldives 225,000 Syria 4,232,000

Mongolia 47,000 Tunisia 3,052,000

Nepal 70,000 Yemen 7,697,000

Papua New Guinea 1,075,000 Regional Offices

Philippines 279,000 Middle East and North Africa, Beirut 9,708,000

Sri Lanka 1,018,000 South-West Asia and the Arab Region, Doha - Training and Documentation Centre 920,000 Timor-Leste 519,000 Human Rights Advisers Human Rights Components in Peace Missions Jordan 266,000 Afghanistan 301,000 Human Rights Components in Peace Missions Other Iraq 808,000 Myanmar 3,445,000 Libya 191,000 SUBTOTAL ASIA AND THE PACIFIC 18,326,000 Other EUROPE AND CENTRAL ASIA Iran 552,000 Regional Offices Saudi Arabia 1,600,000

Central Asia, Bishkek 2,668,000 SUBTOTAL MIDDLE EAST AND NORTH AFRICA 32,205,000

Europe, Brussels 1,317,000 Programmatic, Outreach and Administrative Functions at Regional or Country Level 6,400,000 Human Rights Advisers TOTAL FIELD 199,835,000 Belarus 688,000

Montenegro 177,000 * Reference to Palestine should be understood in compliance with UN General Assembly resolution 67/19.

48 UN HUMAN RIGHTS APPEAL 2020 UN HUMAN RIGHTS APPEAL 2020 49 TRUST FUNDS TRUST FUNDS

TRUST FUNDS SPECIAL FUNDS ADMINISTERED BY UN HUMAN RIGHTS Voluntary contributions to support UN Human Rights’ activities are channelled and A Contingency Fund of US$1 million was established in 2006 by the Office to enable it to managed through nine United Nations trust funds, as well as three special funds. In addition, respond to human rights emergencies in a timely and adequate manner. The revolving Fund is maintained through voluntary contributions to facilitate, implement or carry out activities the Office receives contributions from United Nations multi-partner trust funds. While UN Contingency Fund within the priorities, overall strategies and policies of the Office, in particular in the context Human Rights encourages funding to be unearmarked whenever possible, contributions to of the establishment of a rapid response capacity. The Fund has greatly increased the capacity of UN Human Rights’ headquarters to provide conceptual and operational support some of these Funds must be specifically earmarked in order to be attributed. to unforeseen mandates or situations that require a rapid response.

Established in 2006 through article 26 of OP-CAT, the objective of this Fund is to help finance UN TRUST FUNDS ADMINISTERED BY UN HUMAN RIGHTS the implementation of recommendations issued by the Subcommittee on Prevention of Torture and Other Cruel, Inhuman or Degrading Treatment or Punishment (SPT), following UN Trust Fund for the Support of the Established in 1993 to supplement regular budget resources, it is the largest fund Special Fund established by the Optional a visit of the Subcommittee to a State Party, as well as education programmes of national Activities of the High Commissioner for administered by UN Human Rights and it is used to manage approximately 75 per cent of all Protocol to the UN Convention against preventive mechanisms (NPMs). Recommendations have to be contained in a report made Human Rights extrabudgetary funds received (especially unearmarked funds). Torture public upon request of the State Party. Applications may be submitted by State Parties and NPMs, by national human rights institutions compliant with the Paris Principles and NGOs, Established in 1981, it awards grants to organizations working to alleviate the physical and provided that the proposed projects are implemented in cooperation with State Parties UN Voluntary Fund for Victims of Torture psychological effects of torture on victims and their families. The types of assistance provided or NPMs. and other Cruel, Inhuman or Degrading by Fund-supported organizations range from psychological, medical and social assistance Treatment and Punishment to legal aid and financial support. Created in 2013 by Human Rights Council’s decision 24/118, its objective is to facilitate Special Fund for the Participation of Civil the broadest possible participation of civil society representatives and other relevant Society in the Social Forum, the Forum on Established in 1985, it provides indigenous peoples with the opportunity to raise issues stakeholders. It also aims to give priority to the participation of local or national-level non- Minority Issues and the Forum on Business faced by their communities at the international level and participate in the development governmental organizations active in relevant fields, with particular attention to participants and Human Rights UN Voluntary Fund for Indigenous Peoples and implementation of international standards and national legislation for the protection of from Least Developed Countries, in the annual meetings of the three forums. their rights. Funds are distributed in the form of travel grants to enable indigenous peoples to participate in UN meetings and events. MULTI-PARTNER TRUST FUNDS (NOT ADMINISTERED BY UN HUMAN RIGHTS) Established in 1987, it supports national efforts at building human rights protection UN Voluntary Fund for Technical frameworks, including strong legal frameworks, effective national human rights institutions, Cooperation in the Field of Human Rights Established in 2010 and administered by ​the Multi-Partner Trust Fund Office, it provides independent judiciaries and vibrant civil society organizations. support to the work of UN agencies and UN Country Teams in mainstreaming human rights and strengthening coherent and coordinated responses to national needs. Over Established in 1991, it distributes small grants to grassroots projects that provide humanitarian, the last decade, there has been significant progress in mainstreaming human rights into legal and financial aid to victims of contemporary forms of slavery. The Fund primarily focuses UN Trust Fund on Contemporary Forms UNSDG-Human Rights Mainstreaming the work of the UN ​development system. An increasing number of UN agencies are not on projects that assist individuals who are suffering from the most severe forms of human of Slavery Multi-Donor Trust Fund only integrating human rights into their internal policies, but are also actively advocating rights violations occurring in the context of contemporary forms of slavery and other forms for ​and supporting human rights through their mandated work. ​The Trust Fund supports of exploitation. the placement of human rights advisers in ​the offices of Resident Coordinators (RCs), ​​ and other forms of human rights support to RCs and UN Country Teams, as well as initiatives Established in 1992, its aim is to contribute to the development and implementation of a UN Trust Fund for a Human Rights Education to strengthen system-wide policy coherence. human rights education programme in Cambodia to promote the understanding of and Programme in Cambodia respect for human rights. Established in 2011 and administered by the United Nations Multi-Partner Trust Fund Office (MPTFO) to achieve the objectives of the UN Partnership to Promote the Rights of Persons Established in 2008 to facilitate the participation of official representatives from developing UN Voluntary Fund for Participation in the Multi-Partner Trust Fund of the UN with Disabilities (UNPRPD). The partnership aims to develop the capacities of national and least developed countries in the UPR process and to provide training for the preparation Universal Periodic Review mechanism Partnership to Promote the Rights of Persons stakeholders, particularly governments and organizations of persons with disabilities, for of national reports. with Disabilities the effective implementation of the Convention on the Rights of Persons with Disabilities. The MPTF brings together ten UN entities: the Department of Economic and Social Affairs, UN Voluntary Fund for Financial and Established in 2008 to provide financial and technical support to implement recommendations UNDP, UNICEF, ILO, WHO, PAHO, UNESCO, UNFPA, UN Women and OHCHR. Technical Assistance for the Implementation issued under the UPR review process, at the request of and in consultation with the country of the Universal Periodic Review concerned.

Voluntary Technical Assistance Trust Established in 2013 through Human Rights Council resolution 19/26 to enhance the Fund to Support the Participation of Least institutional and human rights capacity of Least Developed Countries and Small Island Developed Countries and Small Island Developing States through the provision of targeted training courses, travel assistance for Developing States in the work of the Human delegates attending Council sessions and fellowship programmes. Rights Council

50 UN HUMAN RIGHTS APPEAL 2020 UN HUMAN RIGHTS APPEAL 2020 51 YOU CAN MAKE A DIFFERENCE YOU CAN MAKE A DIFFERENCE

YOU CAN MAKE A DIFFERENCE The opportunities for advancing human rights impact are many but our resources are too modest. Without investments to allow us to expand our reach, our interventions are too limited and our presence in many countries too small. We can change this, but we need your support. We rely on voluntary donations from governments, as well as private donors and businesses. To carry on our mission, maintaining our independence is vital – and so is diversifying our funding mix.

MEMBER STATES CORPORATE SECTOR In 2019, 63 out of 193 UN Member States provided a voluntary A world in which human rights are respected is more pros- contribution to UN Human Rights. The donations ranged from perous, more stable and, ultimately, better too for business. US$2,000 to US$20 million. Some countries provide the We invite companies to demonstrate their commitment to entire contribution free of earmarking while others earmark human rights, through closer engagement. Support can come part or all of the contribution to specific themes and areas of in many forms: work as set out in our Management Plan 2018-2021. • Making human rights central to all corporate strategic de- We highly encourage Member States to explore the various cisions and practices, taking into account the effect of its modalities for funding which exist within their national operations on supply chains, employees and customers. structures and discuss available options with the Office. While • Working with us to develop policies that make your compa- the most common budget lines used for UN Human Rights ny’s commitment to human rights a reality. are those that correspond to human rights, there is also wide scope for the Office to receive money from other types of • Engaging in strategic discussions to improve human rights budget lines, such as development and humanitarian lines. wherever your company has business interests. • Developing a genuine partnership with UN Human Rights, where your skills, experience and resources are used to FOUNDATIONS promote and improve respect for human rights. The Office has been working with several foundations on • Providing pro bono or financial support, to help us achieve country specific and thematic programmes around the world. the goals in our ambitious four-year plan. We welcome opportunities to expand and strengthen our cooperation with foundations in the future. INDIVIDUALS The Office receives donations from individuals through the following website: donatenow.ohchr.org

If you, or the organization you represent, would Tel: +41 22 917 91 54 like to make a contribution, please contact UN Fax: +41 22 917 90 08 Human Rights' Donor and External Relations Section in Geneva, or go to our website to make Email: [email protected] an online donation. UN Human Rights officers visit a woman in an isolated village located in the immediate vicinity to the contact line in eastern Palais des Nations Ukraine. © OHCHR/Ukraine CH 1211 Geneva 10 – Switzerland

52 UN HUMAN RIGHTS APPEAL 2020 UN HUMAN RIGHTS APPEAL 2020 53 ANNEXES ANNEXES

ANNEXES

OMP 2018-2021: Elements Focused on Climate Change

FRONTIER ISSUE: CONCRETE RESULTS ADDRESSING FRONTIER ISSUE: CONCRETE RESULTS ADDRESSING PILLAR CLIMATE CHANGE CLIMATE CHANGE CONCERNS PILLAR CLIMATE CHANGE CLIMATE CHANGE CONCERNS

Mechanisms (M) Strengthening connections M2 - Civil society organizations, national Peace and Security (PS) Improving understanding of PS5 - Human rights information and between the environmental human rights institutions, and non- climate change as a threat analyses are integrated in early warning and justice movement and human traditional actors, particularly those working multiplier in order to support analysis systems and influence international rights mechanisms on emerging human rights issues (“frontier” a rights-based and gender- and national policymaking, strategies and issues), increasingly engage with the sensitive prevention agenda operations to prevent, mitigate or respond international human rights mechanisms and that protects persons in to emerging crises, including humanitarian use their outcomes. vulnerable situations crises and conflict.

M3 - Policy-makers, legislators and courts Non-Discrimination (ND) Protecting vulnerable groups ND1 - Laws, policies and practices more make increased use of the outcomes of the against the adverse human effectively combat discrimination in all international and regional human rights rights impacts of climate forms, and responsible authorities actively mechanisms. change and environmental work to “leave no one behind”, including by degradation, including by addressing the root causes of inequality. M4 - International human rights mechanisms promoting participation and contribute to the elaboration of international access to information in ND2 - Justice systems and related law and jurisprudence, in particular in the environmental matters institutions increasingly monitor and context of emerging human rights concerns investigate discrimination and provide (“frontier” issues). redress to victims.

Development (D) Integrating human rights into D1 - Judicial and non-judicial mechanisms ND6 - The human rights of all migrants, climate and environmental hold business and other economic actors particularly those in vulnerable situations, action and effectively to account for rights abuses and provide are protected. regulating businesses remedies to victims. to ensure sustainable Accountability (A) Ensuring accountability A2 - Strengthened national mechanisms development D2 - Business actors implement the UN and access to remedies for provide redress to victims and Guiding Principles on Business and Human climate change-related human accountability for human rights violations, Rights effectively. rights harms including for economic and social rights.

D5 - Environmental and climate policies and plans increasingly respect, protect and fulfil human rights, guaranteeing those affected access to information, decision-making, public participation and remedies.

D6 - Human rights assessments and impact analyses mitigate, prevent or redress the negative effects of economic, trade and development policies and projects.

54 UN HUMAN RIGHTS APPEAL 2020 UN HUMAN RIGHTS APPEAL 2020 55 ANNEXES ANNEXES

OMP 2018-2021: FRONTIER ISSUE: Elements Focused on Digital Space and DIGITAL SPACE AND CONCRETE RESULTS ADDRESSING DIGITAL SPACE AND New Technologies PILLAR NEW TECHNOLOGIES NEW TECHNOLOGIES CONCERNS Peace and Security (PS) Information on relevant online PS5 - Human rights information and developments, including analyses are integrated in early warning and online attacks on human analysis systems and influence international rights defenders, journalists and national policymaking, strategies and and other critical voices operations to prevent, mitigate or respond and incitement to hatred or to emerging crises, including humanitarian violence, is integrated in early crises and conflict. warning and analysis systems. Cybersecurity policies and PS7 - The use of private military and security practices and new weapons companies, and the development and technologies and tactics deployment of new technologies, weapons FRONTIER ISSUE: respect international human and tactics, are increasingly consistent with DIGITAL SPACE AND CONCRETE RESULTS ADDRESSING DIGITAL SPACE AND rights and humanitarian law. and respect international human rights law PILLAR NEW TECHNOLOGIES NEW TECHNOLOGIES CONCERNS and international humanitarian law.

Mechanisms (M) International and regional M2 - Civil society organizations, national Non-Discrimination (ND) Digital technology is used to ND1 - Laws, policies and practices more human rights mechanisms human rights institutions, and non- combat discrimination and hate effectively combat discrimination in all increasingly address human traditional actors, particularly those working speech instead of perpetuating forms, and responsible authorities actively rights issues emerging in on emerging human rights issues (“frontier” and reinforcing inequalities work to “leave no one behind”, including by the digital space and give issues), increasingly engage with the and discrimination. addressing the root causes of inequality. guidance to governments, international human rights mechanisms and companies and civil use their outcomes. ND2 - Justice systems and related society actors. institutions increasingly monitor and M3 - Policy-makers, legislators and courts investigate discrimination and provide make increased use of the outcomes of the redress to victims. international and regional human rights ND3 - Legal and social frameworks mechanisms. increasingly promote women’s and girls’ autonomy and choice and protect them from M4 - International human rights mechanisms violence, including in the digital space. contribute to the elaboration of international law and jurisprudence, in particular in the ND4 - Judicial institutions, media, and context of emerging human rights concerns other sectors increasingly recognize and (“frontier” issues). challenge harmful gender stereotypes and gender norms with a view to their Development (D) Tech companies are D1 - Judicial and non-judicial mechanisms eradication. increasingly aware of their hold business and other economic actors human rights responsibilities to account for rights abuses and provide ND5 - Principles and practices effectively and implement policies and remedies to victims. counter discrimination and hate speech in practices to meet these the digital space. responsibilities. D2 - Business actors implement the UN Guiding Principles on Business and Human ND6 - The human rights of all migrants, Rights effectively. particularly those in vulnerable situations, are protected. D5 - Environmental and climate policies and plans increasingly respect, protect and fulfil Participation (P) The space for human rights P1 - Stronger laws, policies and practices human rights, guaranteeing those affected defenders, journalists, and protect the right to participate and access to information, decision-making, dissenting voices is expanding civic space, including online, and the public participation and remedies. online through laws, policies environment for civil society is increasingly and practices. safe and enabling.

56 UN HUMAN RIGHTS APPEAL 2020 UN HUMAN RIGHTS APPEAL 2020 57 ANNEXES ANNEXES

OMP 2018-2021: Elements Focused on Corruption

FRONTIER ISSUE: CONCRETE RESULTS ADDRESSING FRONTIER ISSUE: CONCRETE RESULTS ADDRESSING PILLAR CORRUPTION CORRUPTION CONCERNS PILLAR CORRUPTION CORRUPTION CONCERNS

Mechanisms (M) International human rights M2 - Civil society organizations, Accountability (A) States increasingly abide by A1 - Laws, policies and practices increasingly mechanisms increasingly national human rights institutions, and their obligation to detect, address, prevent and reduce human rights consider the obligations non-traditional actors, particularly those investigate and suppress violations in the context of law enforcement of States to protect from working on emerging human rights issues corruption and put in place an and justice systems. and investigate human (“frontier” issues), increasingly engage with enabling environment where rights violations tainted the international human rights mechanisms incentives and opportunities A2 - Strengthened national mechanisms by corruption. and use their outcomes. for corruption are reduced. provide redress to victims and accountability for human rights violations, M3 - Policy-makers, legislators and courts including for economic and social rights. make increased use of the outcomes of the international and regional human rights A3 - Justice systems investigate and mechanisms. prosecute gender related crimes more effectively. M4 - International human rights mechanisms contribute to the elaboration of international A4 - States take measures to ensure law and jurisprudence, in particular in the that their decision-making, policies context of emerging human rights concerns and actions are more transparent and (“frontier” issues). the public has access to information for accountability purposes. Non-Discrimination (ND) Corruption is, by its very nature ND1 - Laws, policies and practices more discriminatory. It increases effectively combat discrimination in all and facilitates inequality, forms, and responsible authorities actively negatively impacting those work to “leave no one behind”, including by that depend on public services, addressing the root causes of inequality. those that have no resources to afford paying bribes or ND2 - Justice systems and related taking legal action to protect institutions increasingly monitor and themselves. In particular, those investigate discrimination and provide in vulnerable situations, like redress to victims. victims of trafficking, or of people smugglers, but also ND6 - The human rights of all migrants, people in places of detention particularly those in vulnerable situations, are exposed to extortion and are protected. human rights violations.

58 UN HUMAN RIGHTS APPEAL 2020 UN HUMAN RIGHTS APPEAL 2020 59 ANNEXES ANNEXES

OMP 2018-2021: Elements Focused on Inequalities

FRONTIER ISSUE: CONCRETE RESULTS ADDRESSING FRONTIER ISSUE: CONCRETE RESULTS ADDRESSING PILLAR INEQUALITIES INEQUALITIES CONCERNS PILLAR INEQUALITIES INEQUALITIES CONCERNS

Mechanisms (M) International human rights M2 - Civil society organizations, national D4 - Public health approaches, including mechanisms increasingly human rights institutions, and non- sexual and reproductive health policies, address issues of economic traditional actors, particularly those working comply with international human rights inequalities and ESCR on emerging human rights issues (“frontier” standards and provide non-discriminatory and the interlinkages with issues), increasingly engage with the access, especially to children, adolescents, discrimination. international human rights mechanisms and women and migrants. use their outcomes. D5 - Environmental and climate policies and M3 - Policy-makers, legislators and courts plans increasingly respect, protect and fulfil make increased use of the outcomes of the human rights, guaranteeing those affected international and regional human rights access to information, decision-making, mechanisms. public participation and remedies.

M4 - International human rights mechanisms D6 - Human rights assessments and impact contribute to the elaboration of international analyses mitigate, prevent or redress the law and jurisprudence, in particular in the negative effects of economic, trade and context of emerging human rights concerns development policies and projects (“frontier” issues). D7 - States integrate human rights, including Development (D) Development actors at D1 - Judicial and non-judicial mechanisms the right to development and human rights national, regional and hold business and other economic actors mechanisms’ outcomes, as they implement global levels, including the to account for rights abuses and provide the Sustainable Development Goals and UN system, increasingly remedies to victims. other development and poverty eradication integrate issues of economic efforts; and the UN supports them in these inequalities, discrimination and D2 - Business actors implement the UN purposes, integrating human rights in its ESCR into economic policies Guiding Principles on Business and Human own development work. and development plans Rights effectively. and activities, and effective regulation of businesses, for a D3 - State authorities adopt and implement more equitable distribution of laws, policies and strategies on land and the benefits of development, housing that increasingly comply with leaving no one behind. human rights.

60 UN HUMAN RIGHTS APPEAL 2020 UN HUMAN RIGHTS APPEAL 2020 61 ANNEXES ANNEXES

FRONTIER ISSUE: CONCRETE RESULTS ADDRESSING FRONTIER ISSUE: CONCRETE RESULTS ADDRESSING PILLAR INEQUALITIES INEQUALITIES CONCERNS PILLAR INEQUALITIES INEQUALITIES CONCERNS

D8 - National institutions, assisted by ND8 - The UN system implements a communities, systematically collect, coherent and human rights-based disaggregate and use data relevant for response to inequality and discrimination, advancing human rights when they monitor including intersecting and multiple forms of and implement the SDGs. discrimination.

Peace and Security (PS) The UN’s prevention and PS4 - Justice mechanisms, including for Accountability (A) Strengthening the promotion A5 - UN efforts for the rule of law, justice, early warning work, as well transitional justice, provide increased and protection of economic, counterterrorism and accountability put as justice and transitional accountability for conflict-related violations. social and cultural rights, human rights at the core. justice mechanisms, integrate ensuring accountability and a focus on economic injustice, access to justice for ESCR inequalities, discrimination violations. and ESCR, including to prevent conflict in the future. Participation (P) Promote the meaningful P7 - Public recognition that human rights Non-Discrimination (ND) Efforts to combat ND1 - Laws, policies and practices more participation of people in the and accountability make important discrimination take into effectively combat discrimination in all development, including in SDG contributions to effective responses to implementation, monitoring violence, including terrorism and violent account multiple and forms, and responsible authorities actively intersecting forms of work to “leave no one behind”, including by and review. extremism, increases. discrimination, including addressing the root causes of inequality. gender discrimination, and its interlinkages with the root ND2 - Justice systems and related causes of economic inequality. institutions increasingly monitor and investigate discrimination and provide redress to victims.

ND4 - Judicial institutions, media, and other sectors increasingly recognize and challenge harmful gender stereotypes and gender norms with a view to their eradication.

ND6 - The human rights of all migrants, particularly those in vulnerable situations, are protected.

62 UN HUMAN RIGHTS APPEAL 2020 UN HUMAN RIGHTS APPEAL 2020 63 ANNEXES ANNEXES

OMP 2018-2021: FRONTIER ISSUE: CONCRETE RESULTS ADDRESSING PEOPLE Elements Focused on People on the Move PILLAR PEOPLE ON THE MOVE ON THE MOVE CONCERNS

PS5 - Human rights information and analyses are integrated in early warning and analysis systems and influence international and national policymaking, strategies and operations to prevent, mitigate or respond to emerging crises, including humanitarian crises and conflict.

Non-Discrimination (ND) Supporting the development ND1 - Laws, policies and practices more and implementation of human effectively combat discrimination in all FRONTIER ISSUE: CONCRETE RESULTS ADDRESSING PEOPLE rights-based migration policies forms, and responsible authorities actively and measures that recognize work to “leave no one behind”, including by PILLAR PEOPLE ON THE MOVE ON THE MOVE CONCERNS the specific experiences, addressing the root causes of inequality. Mechanisms (M) Supporting the systematic M2 - Civil society organizations, national views and human rights needs engagement of the international human rights institutions, and non-traditional of migrants in vulnerable ND2 - Justice systems and related institutions increasingly monitor and human rights mechanisms on a actors, particularly those working on situations at national, regional range of migration and human emerging human rights issues (“frontier” and international levels. investigate discrimination and provide redress to victims. rights issues, including for the issues), increasingly engage with the Reshaping the public review of the implementation international human rights mechanisms and narratives on migrants and ND4 - Judicial institutions, media, and of the Global Compact for use their outcomes. migration. other sectors increasingly recognize and Migration. M3 - Policy-makers, legislators and courts challenge harmful gender stereotypes make increased use of the outcomes of the and gender norms with a view to their international and regional human rights eradication. mechanisms. ND6 - The human rights of all migrants, M4 - International human rights mechanisms particularly those in vulnerable situations, contribute to the elaboration of international are protected. law and jurisprudence, in particular in the context of emerging human rights concerns Accountability (A) Addressing the human A1 - Laws, policies and practices increasingly (“frontier” issues). rights protection gaps faced address, prevent and reduce human rights by migrants in vulnerable violations in the context of law enforcement Development (D) Reducing inequalities as a driver D5 - Environmental and climate policies and situations by monitoring, and justice systems. and an outcome of precarious plans increasingly respect, protect and fulfil reporting and building capacity A2 - Strengthened national mechanisms migration by placing migrants human rights, guaranteeing those affected on migration and human rights. provide redress to victims and and their human rights at the access to information, decision-making, accountability for human rights violations, center of development planning public participation and remedies. including for economic and social rights. and implementation. D8 - National institutions, assisted by communities, systematically collect, A4 - States take measures to ensure disaggregate and use data relevant for that their decision-making, policies advancing human rights when they monitor and actions are more transparent and and implement the SDGs. the public has access to information for accountability purposes. Peace and Security (PS) Ensuring protection-focused PS1 - Parties to conflict and actors involved in responses that address the peace operations increasingly comply with Participation (P) Ensuring that meaningful P7 - Public recognition that human rights human rights and humanitarian international human rights and humanitarian participation of migrants in and accountability make important challenges faced by people on law and provide greater protection to decisions affecting them. contributions to effective responses to the move, including by providing civilians. violence, including terrorism and violent support, advice and training extremism, increases. to UN entities and migration enforcement agencies.

64 UN HUMAN RIGHTS APPEAL 2020 UN HUMAN RIGHTS APPEAL 2020 65 CHAPTERANNEXES TITLE ANNEXES

ICT SPT UN Human Rights Abbreviations and Information and communication technology Subcommittee on Prevention of Torture and Other Cruel, Inhuman or Degrading ILO Organization chart acronyms Treatment or Punishment International Labour Organization High UHRI Commissioner KNCHR Universal Human Rights Index Kenya National Commission on Human Rights UN LDC United Nations Least Developed Country UNCT LGBTI United Nations Country Team Lesbian, gay, bisexual, transgender, intersex UNDP MENA United Nations Development Programme Assistant Middle East and North Africa UNESCO Deputy High Secretary-General AI MONUSCO United Nations Educational, Scientific and Commissioner New York Artificial Intelligence United Nations Organization Stabilization Office Cultural Organization BINUH Mission in the Democratic Republic of the UNFCCC United Nations Integrated Office in Haiti Congo United Nations Framework Convention on CCA MPTF Climate Change Common Country Analysis Multi-partner trust fund UNFPA CED MPTFO Programme United Nations Population Fund External Policy, Planning, Safety & United Nations Multi-Partner Trust Fund Support & Committee on Enforced Disappearances Outreach Monitoring Security UNGPs Management Office Service & Evaluation Section CESCR Services United Nations Guiding Principles Service Committee on Economic, Social and Cultural NGO UNICEF Rights Non-governmental organization United Nations Children’s Fund CSO NHRI UNIPP Civil society organization National human rights institution United Nations Indigenous Peoples’ Thematic Field DRC NMRF Partnership Engagement, Human Rights Operations National mechanism for reporting and Special Procedures Council & Treaty Democratic Republic of the Congo and Technical follow-up UNMSDF & Right to Mechanisms Cooperation Division ECLAC United Nations Multi-country Sustainable Development Division NRTD Division United Nations Economic Commission for Development Framework Latin America and the Caribbean National recommendations tracking database UNPRPD ECOSOC OHCHR UN Partnership to Promote the Rights of Economic and Social Council Office of the High Commissioner for Human Persons with Disabilities Development Human Peace Rights Africa EMRIP & Economic & Rights Treaties Missions UPR Branch Social Issues Branch Support Expert Mechanism on the Rights of OMP Universal Periodic Review Branch Section Indigenous Peoples Office Management Plan UNSDCF ESCR OP-CAT United Nations Sustainable Development Economic, social and cultural rights Optional Protocol of the UN Convention Cooperation Framework against Torture Rule of Law, Human Asia, Pacific Emergency GCM UNSDG Equality & Non- Rights Council & Middle Response Global Compact for Safe, Orderly and Regular PAHO United Nations Sustainable Development Discrimination Branch East Branch Section Branch Migration Pan American Health Organization Group HRC RC UNSMIL Human Rights Council Resident Coordinator United Nations Support Mission in Libya National Special Universal Americas, Institutions, HRD SIDS WHO Periodic Europe & Regional Procedures Human rights defender Small Island Developing State World Health Organization Branch Review Central Asia Mechanisms Branch Branch & Civil Society Section IAN SDG International Aid Network Sustainable development goal

Field Presences

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