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Hydromedusae of British Columbia and Puget Sound

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Hydromedusae of British Columbia and Puget Sound Canadian Bulletin of Fisheries and Aquatic Sciences DF° 111bia lr#1(ïldrile Hydromedunie of British Columbia and Puget Sound BULLETIN 204 Ottawa 1980 geo, Government of Canada Gouvernement du Canada Fisheries and Oceans Pèches et Océans HYDROMEDUSAE OF BRITISH COLUMBIA AND PUGET SOUND The Canadian Bulletins of Fisheries and Aquatic Sciences (formerly Bulletins of the Fisheries Research Board of Canada) are designed to interpret current knowledge in scientific fields pertinent to Canadian fisheries and aquatic environments. Recent numbers in this series are listed at the back of this Bulletin. The Canadian Journal of Fisheries and Aquatic Sciences is published in annual volumes of monthly issues. Canadian Special Publications of Fisheries and Aquatic Sciences are issued periodically. These series are available from authorized bookstore agents and other bookstores, or you may send your prepaid order to the Canadian Government Publishing Centre, Supply and Services Canada, Hull, Que. K IA 0S9. Make cheques or money orders payable in Canadian funds to the Receiver General for Canada. Acting Editor and Director J. WATSON, PH.D. of Scientific Information Acting Deputy Editor JOHANNA M. REINHART, M.Sc. Assistant Editors D. G. COOK, PH.D. LORRAINE C. SMITH, PH.D. J. CAMP Production-Documentation G. J. NEVILLE C. V. Ross Department of Fisheries and Oceans Scientific Information and Publications Branch Ottawa, Canada KlA 0E6 BULLETIN 204 Hydromedusae of British Columbia and Puget Sound MARY NEEDLER ARAI Department of Biology, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alta. T2N 1N4 and Department of Fisheries and Oceans, Pacific Biological Station, Nanaimo, B.C. V9R 5K6 ANITA BRINCKMANN-VOSS Department of Zoology, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ont. M5S 1 AI and Department of Fisheries and Oceans, Pacific Biological Station, Nanaimo, B.C. V9R 5K6 DEPARTMENT OF FISHERIES AND OCEANS Ottawa 1980 Ci Minister of Supply and Services Canada 1980 Available from authorized bookstore agents and other bookstores, or you may send your prepaid order to the Canadian Government Publishing Centre, Supply and Services Canada, Hull, Que. KIA 0S9. Make cheques or money orders payable in Canadian funds to the Receiver General for Canada. A deposit copy of this publication is also available for reference in public libraries across Canada. Canada: $13.00 Catalog No. Fs 94-204 Other countries: $15.60 ISBN 0-660-10494-6 ISSN 0706-6503 Price subject to change without notice Ottawa Printed in Canada by Friesen Printers Alloua, Manitoba Canada Contract No. 0KTZ902733 Correct citation for this publication: ARAI, M. N., AND A. BRINCKMANN-VOSS. 1980. Hydromedusae of British Columbia and Puget Sound. Can. Bull. Fish. Aquat. Sci. 204: 192 p. CONTENTS ABSTRACT/RÉSUMÉ viii Family Pandeidae 40 INTRODUCTION 1 Subfamily Stomotocinae 41 ORDER ANTHOMEDUSAE 6 Genus Stomotoca 41 Family Tubularidae 6 Stomotoca atra 41 Genus Euphysa 6 Subfamily Pandeinae 43 Euphysa japonica 6 Euphysa tentaculata 8 Genus Catablema 43 Catablema multicirrata 44 Genus Hybocodon 10 Catablema nodulosa 45 Hybocodon prolifer 10 Genus Halitholus 46 Genus Plotocnide 12 Halitholus pauper 46 Plotocnide borealis 12 Halitholus sp. I 48 Halithotus sp. II 50 Family Velellidae 14 Genus Leuckartiara 52 Genus Vetella 14 Leuckartiara foersteri 52 Velella velella 14 Leuckartiara nobilis 54 Leuckartiara sp. 56 Family Corynidae 17 Genus Neoturris 57 Genus Sarsia 17 Neoturris breviconis 57 Sarsia apicula 18 Sarsia japonica 21 Genus Pandea 61 Sarsia princeps 23 Pandea rubra 61 Sarsia tubuZosa 25 Sarsia viridis 29 Family Halimedusidae 62 Sarsia sp. 29 Genus Halimedusa 62 Family Cladonematidae 32 Halimedusa typus 62 Genus Cladonema 32 Family Calycopsidae 64 Cladonema californicum 32 Genus Bythotiara 64 Family Rathkeidae 32 Bythotiara depressa 64 Bythotiara huntsmani 66 Genus Rathkea 33 Rathkea octopunctata 33 Genus Calycopsis 66 Calycopsis nematophora 68 Family Bougainvilliidae 36 Genus Heterotiara 69 Genus Bougainvillia 36 Heterotiara anonyma 69 Bougainvillia multitentaculata 36 Bougainvillia superciliaris 38 Family Polyorchidae 71 Genus Polyorchis 71 Genus Phialidium 104 Polyorchis peniciliatus 71 PhiaZidium gregarium 104 Family Trichydridae 75 Phialidium lomae 107 Genus Trichydra 75 Family Eirenidae 109 Trichydra pudica 75 Genus Eirene 110 Eirene mollis 110 ORDER LEPTOMEDUSAE 77 Family Eutimidae 110 Family Dipleurosomatidae 77 Genus Eutonina 110 Genus Dipleurosoma 77 Eutonina indicans 111 Dipleurosoma typicum 77 Family Aequoridae 113 Family Melicertidae 79 Genus Aequorea 113 Genus Melicertum 79 Aequorea victoria 113 Melicertum octocostatum 79 ORDER LIMNOMEDUSAE 118 Family Laodiceidae 83 Family Olindiadidae 118 Genus Ptychogena 83 Ptychogena lactea 83 Genus Eperetmus 118 Eperetmus typus 118 Genus Staurophora 85 Staurophora mertensi 85 Genus Gonionemus 121 Gonionemus vertens 121 Family Mitrocomidae 87 Family Proboscidactylidae 125 Genus Foersteria 88 Foersteria purpurea 88 Genus Proboscidactyla 125 Proboscidactyla flavicirrata 125 Genus Mitrocoma 89 Mitrocoma cellutaria 89 ORDER TRACHYMEDUSAE 129 Genus Mitrocomella 93 Family Rhopalonematidae 129 Mitrocomella polydiademata 93 Mitrocomella sinuosa 94 Genus Aglantha 129 Aglantha digitale 129 Genus Tiaropsidium 96 Tiaropsidium keZseyi 96 Genus Crosvota 133 Crossota rufôbrunnea 133 Genus Tiaropsis 97 Tiaropsis muZticirrata 97 Genus Pantachogon 135 Pantachogon haeckeli 136 Family Campanulariidae 99 ORDER NARCOMEDUSAE 138 Genus Obelia 100 Obelia spp. 100 Family Aeginidae 138 Genus_ —Orthopyxis 101 Genus Aegina 138 Orthopyxis compressa 101 Aegina citrea 138 vi Family Cuninidae 141 ACKNOWLEDGMENTS 146 Genus Samissus 141 REFERENCES 147 Samissus incisa 141 Solmissus marshatti 143 INDEX 182 vii ABSTRACT Arai, M.N., and A. Brinckmann-Voss. 1980. Hydromedusae of British Columbia and Puget Sound. Can. Bull. Fish. Aquat. Sci. 204: 192 p. Fifty-nine species of hydromedusae are described from British Columbia and adjacent waters. A pictorial key of these species is included. In addition to two new species whose descriptions have already been published, four more new species are described, six are recorded from the area for the first time, and a number of taxonomie revisions are made. The family Pandeidae is dis- cussed and the new family Halimedusidae separated from it. Detailed distri- butions in the Pacific area and brief notes on the general zoology are included. Key words: Hydromedusae, Pacific, taxonomy, distribution. Risumi Arai, M.N., and A. Brinckmann-Voss. 1980. Hydromedusae of British Columbia and Puget Sound. Can. Bull. Fish. Aquat. Sci. 204: 192 p. Le rapport décrit 59 espèces d'hydroméduses de la Colombie-Britannique et des eaux adjacentes, avec une clé des espèces en images. Outre deux nouvelles espèces dont la description a déjà été publiée, le rapport décrit quatre autres nouvelles espèces, signale la présence de six especes pour la première fois dans la région, et présente un certain nombre de révisions taxinomiques. Les auteurs étudient la famille Pandeidae dont ils séparent la nouvelle famille Halimedusidae. Le rapport présente en détail la distribution des espèces dans la région du Pacifique ainsi que des notes brèves sur leur zoologie en général. Mots clés: Hydroméduses, Pacifique, taxinomie, distribution. viii INTRODUCTION This bulletin deals with the hydromedusae of British Columbia and ad- jacent waters. The area covered extends from 54 ° 40'N latitude to 48 ° 25'N latitude and is bounded on the west by a straight line drawn from 54 0 40'N, 135 °W to 48 ° 25'N, 130 °W. In addition the Puget Sound region is included. The bulletin is based primarily on collections made by the Pacific Biological Station, Nanaimo, B.C. and examined by A. Brinckmann-Voss (Brinckmann-Voss 1974) and on fresh collections made by the authors in the spring and summers of 1972 to 1977. In identifying these collections it became apparent that the complexity of the medusan fauna was not reflected in previous taxonomic papers from the area. In the bulletin, 59 species are described. Two new species arising from this work, Sarsia viridis and Leuckartiara foersteri (Brinckmann-Voss 1980, Arai and Brinckmann-Voss 1980), have already been described elsewhere. In the present bulletin, four more new species are included as "sp." and will be described when more material becomes available. Six species are recorded from the area for the first time. Examination of recent collections let us revise some of the species names listed in the technical report (Brinckmann-Voss 1974). The technical report should therefore be used only in conjunction with this bulletin. It is our opinion that, due to the unusual complexity of speciation in the area, even this bulletin does not reflect the entire range of variation present. We prepared it as a base and starting point for further taxonomic and ecological work and to help physiologists and biochemists identify speci- mens more easily. For this reason seven species which previous authors have recorded from the area but which we have not collected are included for completeness. We have also included two species (Velella velella and Bythotiara huntsmani) for which only the hydroids have so far been collected in the field, and two species (Beterotiara anonyma and Bythotiara depressa) which have been collected just outside the research area. For each species an original photograph by M.N.A. or drawing by A.B.-V., synonymy, specific characters, description of medusa, and where necessary a discussion of taxonomy are given. Detailed distributions within the research area and
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