Npr 5.3: Nuclear- and Missile-Related Trade And
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Nuclear and Missile Trade and Developments NUCLEAR- AND MISSILE-RELATED TRADE AND DEVELOPMENTS FOR SELECTED COUNTRIES, NOVEMBER 1997-FEBRUARY 1998 by Michael Barletta, Clay Bowen, Kent Jamison, and Gaurav Kampani The material in this overview is drawn from selected abstracts that appear in the Center for Nonproliferation Studies’ nuclear and missile databases. Transactions of nuclear and missile technologies, parts, and materials are listed according to the recipient country. Other developments are listed according to the country where the event or development took place. On 12/29/97, Russia signed a contract to China during a recent visit there. The Fed- build a 2,000 MW nuclear power station at eral Republic of Yugoslavia is expected to ASIA Lianyungang in China’s Jiangsu province. purchase GSS M [probably the M-9,the ex- Under the contract, Russia will supply two port version of the DF-15 (NATO designa- modified VVER-1000 reactors to China. The tion CSS-6)] ballistic missiles, which have a project is estimated to cost $3 billion, and range of over 600 km and are equipped with CHINA the two reactors are expected to come on “a highly sophisticated system of electronic line in 2004 and 2005 respectively. control.” The China North Industries Cor- Nuclear Nuclear News, 2/98, p. 59. poration (NORINCO) manufactures the mis- U.S.-based Lansing Technologies Corpora- siles. Milosovic will invest $5.8 million in the tion was fined $10,000 for exporting a com- On 9/9/97, Peter Lee, a 58-year-old Taiwan- construction of a fruit processing factory puter vector processor and a data acquisition ese resident of Manhattan Beach, Califor- outside Beijing. Profits from this investment controller system to China in 1992 without nia, pleaded guilty to passing classified U.S. are expected to pay for the cost of the mis- an export license. defense information to Chinese scientists on siles. The Export Practitioner, 11/97, p. 18. the use of lasers in simulating nuclear deto- AFP, 11/19/97; in FBIS-TAC-97-323, 11/19/97. nations. Lee also admitted that he had falsely On 11/3/97, China’s Defense Minister Chi denied giving technical lectures during his Russia has decided to sell its supersonic Haotian and Mongolian Defense Minister 1985 trip to China. Lee, a laser energy spe- Mosquito/SS-N-22 anti-ship missile to China. Dambyn Dorligjav met in China and reached cialist, was then employed by TRW Inc. and This is the first such sale of the missile, which a military cooperation agreement. Included worked as a researcher at the Los Alamos had been on Russia’s top-secret list of weap- in the agreement was China’s pledge to con- National Laboratory. ons. tinue recognizing Mongolia’s status as a Deseret News, [Online] http://www.desnews. Simon Saradzhyan, RFE/RL, 12/10/97. nuclear-weapon-free zone. com/, 2/10/98. Xinhua (Beijing), 11/3/97; in FBIS-CHI-97-307, 11/ China is reported to be continuing develop- 3/97. Missile ment of its C-101 family of anti-ship surface- According to the Yugoslav weekly Nedeljni China was formally admitted to the Zangger to-surface missiles. First unveiled in 1985, Telegraf, Yugoslav President Slobodan Committee of nuclear exporting countries on the C-101 uses ramjet propulsion. The mis- Milosovic signed an agreement to purchase 10/16/97. sile has a maximum range of 45 km, and can Jiang Wandi, Beijing Review, 12/1/97, pp. 21-23. intermediate-range ballistic missiles from achieve speeds up to Mach 2. According to 134 The Nonproliferation Review/Spring-Summer 1998 Nuclear and Missile Trade and Developments its manufacturer, the missile is 6.5 m long, Mikhail Urusov, Moskovskiye Novosti, 2/1-8/98; called for Russia to deliver the reactors on a has a launch weight of 1,850 kg, and employs in FBIS-CHI-98-051, 2/20/98. “turnkey” basis, but this arrangement fell a semi-armor-piercing warhead with delayed- through with the collapse of the Soviet action fuse. The People’s Liberation Army China has upgraded the command, control, Union. Navy hopes to deploy the C-101 on board and communications infrastructure of its Sugata Ghosh, Economic Times (Delhi), 11/21/ its Houjian and Huang fast attack craft for strategic missile force. The introduction of a 97; in FBIS-TAC-97-325, 11/21/97. purposes of coastal defense during the cur- new microwave digital communications sys- rent five-year plan. tem gives the Second Artillery forces an all- U.S. Secretary of Defense William Cohen re- Jane’s International Defense Review, 1/98, p. 12. weather capability. leased a report on 11/25/97 that warned of a Lu Chunming and Chen Yansheng, Beijing Keji nuclear confrontation between India and Ribao, 1/16/98; in FBIS-CHI-98-050, 2/19/98. During a meeting on 1/20/98, Chinese Presi- Pakistan. The report on proliferation said, dent Jiang Zemin promised U.S. Secretary of “Unresolved disagreements, deep animos- The China Institute of Carrier Rocket Tech- ity and distrust, and the continuing confron- Defense William Cohen that China would halt nology (CICRT) ended 1997 with a string of all new sales of anti-ship missiles and related tation between their forces in disputed six successful launches of its Long March Kashmir make the subcontinent a region with technologies to Iran. Rocket family. In 1996, China’s space pro- Bill Gertz, Washington Times, 1/21/98, p. A9. a significant risk of nuclear confrontation.” gram had suffered repeated failures. On 2/ The report also said that India’s preparations The two Sovremenny-class destroyers or- 15/96, the Long March III-B exploded within for a nuclear test in 1995 and 1996, backed dered by China from Russia may be deliv- seconds after launch. On 8/18/96, an older by Indian public support for the test, in- ered with the Oniks/Yakhont (export name) version of the Long March III family failed creased the possibility that one or both coun- anti-ship missile instead of the Moskit/SS- to park its satellite payload in a predeter- tries could take “tangible steps” to advance N-22. The Oniks/Yakhont has a maximum mined orbit. This failure was caused by a their nuclear posture. “Although both gov- range of 300 km in a hi-low mission configu- premature engine shutdown in the third ernments have denied plans to conduct ration and 120 km when following a low-low stage of the launch vehicle. CICRT scien- nuclear tests, should India test a nuclear profile. The missile’s new Plamya propulsion tists and technicians traced the cause of the device, Islamabad would be under immense system uses a solid rocket motor in the ini- explosion in the Long March III-B rocket to pressure to test as well.” tial stages of flight, after which it switches to a malfunction in a power module that resulted Shehan Sehbai, Dawn, [Online] http://dawn.com/ a ramjet sustainer. This combination allows in the improper functioning of the rocket- daily/, 11/26/97. the missile to achieve terminal flight speeds control system platform. Wei Ban, Beijing Review, 2/23-3/1/98, pp. 13- Officials at India’s Indira Gandhi Center for up to 2,800 km/h. Instead of relying solely 14. on active radar target acquisition, the Atomic Research announced the week of 11/ Yakhont uses a passive target seeker design 20/97 that the Fast Breeder Test Reactor INDIA that allows an unannounced approach to a (FBTR) at Kalpakkam would add 60 kg of target. These two features—passive target Nuclear plutonium to its core, and load a fertile blan- acquisition and very high terminal velocity— Indian officials said the United States was ket of Thorium-232, capable of producing are intended to allow the missile to overcome trying to destroy India’s nuclear program by Uranium-233, in 1998-99. This reactor has not current and planned ship defenses. The pressuring Brazil to halt nuclear commerce yet operated with a fertile blanket on its core missile’s flight-control system includes a with New Delhi. The pressure came in re- periphery. Critics in India’s parliamentary ShYu80-066B three-axis, gyro-stabilized in- sponse to U.S. contentions that Brazil’s committees say that its breeder program, and ertial platform. The Yakhont is notable for nuclear trade with India was a violation of in particular the FBTR’s lack of electricity having been purchased by an export client Brazil’s responsibilities under Nuclear Sup- generating capacity, are wasted efforts. In- before being introduced into service in Rus- pliers Group (NSG) guidelines. Brazil subse- stead, they argue that India should concen- sia. quently said that it would not transfer trate on developing pressurized water Stephen J. Zaloga, Jane’s Intelligence Review, 2/ equipment covered by NSG guidelines to reactors (PWRs) and pressurized heavy wa- 98, pp. 17-20. India. ter reactors (PHWRs), and leave India’s lim- Mark Hibbs, Nuclear Fuel, 11/3/97. ited supply of separated plutonium to meeting Russia is considering plans to participate in national defense needs. the modernization of China’s strategic de- A deal between India and Russia that calls Nucleonics Week, 11/27/97, pp. 10-11. fense systems. During a recent visit to China, for Russia to provide a nuclear reactor for Russia’s chief military inspector Andrey $3.4 billion is proceeding, according to the When Russian President Boris Yeltsin arrives Kokoshin discussed the prospects of Rus- chairman of India’s Nuclear Power Corpora- in India in 2/98, he is expected to sign a con- sian participation in completing China’s Type tion (NPC) Y.S.R.