River Yamuna – Waste Water Management Plan in Delhi

RIVER YAMUNA – WASTE WATER

MANAGEMENT PLAN IN DELHI

DECEMBER, 2012

CENTRAL POLLUTION CONTROL BOARD (Ministry of Environment and Forests, Govt. of India) Parivesh Bhawan, East Arjun Nagar, Delhi – 110032 Website: www.cpcb.nic.in

Table of Contents 1.0 BACKGROUND ...... 1 2.0 INTRODUCTION ...... 1 2.1 AREA ...... 1 2.2 POPULATION ...... 2 2.3 WATER SUPPLY ...... 2 3.0 WATER QUALITY OF RIVER YAMUNA ...... 5 4.0 OBJECTIVE OF THE STUDY ...... 6 4.1 Methodology ...... 6 5.0 SOURCES OF POLLUTION ...... 6 5.1 Wazirabad to Okhla Stretch (Drains Discharging in Yamuna) ...... 7 5.1.1 Quantitative and Qualitative Analysis ...... 9 5.1.2 Drains Discharging in Canals ...... 12 5.2 Major Drains discharging in Delhi Stretch of river Yamuna between Wazirabad to Okhla stretch ...... 13 5.2.1 Najafgarh drain ...... 14 5.2.2 Delhi Gate drain ...... 16 5.2.3 Sen Nursing Home drain ...... 16 5.2.4 Barapulla Drain ...... 16 5.2.5 Tugalkabad drain ...... 16 5.2.6 Shahdara drain ...... 16 5.3 Existing Infrastructure Facility for Waste Water Management and Status of Sewage Treatment Plants ...... 17 5.3.1 Sewerage System ...... 17 5.3.2 Sewage Treatment Plants (STP) ...... 18 5.3.3 Industrial Waste Water and Performance Of Common Effluent Treatment Plants (CETPS) ...... 33 5.3.4 Status of Common Effluent Treatment Plants (CETPS) ...... 33 6.0 OBSERVATION OF THE STUDY ...... 34 6.1 Major observations of the STPs inspected by CPCBs team...... 50 7.0 MAJOR FINDINGS ...... 54 8.0 ISSUES REQUIRING ATTENTION...... 55 9.0 ISSUES GOVERNING WITH DELHI JAL BOARD ...... 57

9.1 Multiplicity of Civic Agencies in Delhi ...... 57 9.2 Stake Holder Civic Agencies ...... 57 10.0 WHAT NEEDS TO BE DONE ...... 58 11.0 STRATEGY FOR MANAGEMENT OF SEWERAGE SYSTEM AND STPS...... 60 11.1 Immediate and Short Term Measures ...... 60 11.2 Sustainable and Medium Term Measures ...... 61 11.3 Long Term Measures ...... 61 11.3.1 Regular interaction meeting of stake holders ...... 61 11.3.2 Proposal for interception of other drains ...... 61 11.3.3 Bioremediation and Phycoremediation of Treated Sewage ...... 62 11.3.4 Insitu Aeration of Drains and River Water ...... 62 11.3.5 Encroachment of river bed ...... 62 11.3.6 Maintenance of STPs ...... 62 11.3.7 Automation of STPs ...... 62 11.3.8 Discharge of Sewage and industrial waste from Ghaziabad to River Yamuna ...... 63 11.3.9 Use of Treated Sewage in Agriculture ...... 63 11.3.10 Water quality degradation due to Idol Immersion and other religious activities .... 63 11.3.11 Futuristic Standard of Treated Sewage ...... 63 ANNEXURE-I ...... 65 COMMUNICATION MADE WITH AMECUS CURIAE ...... 65 ANNEXURE-II...... 67 WATER QUALITY PROFILE AND TREND OF RIVER YAMUNA (WAZIRABAD DOWNSTREAM ...... 67 ANNEXURE-III ...... 69 QUALITY AND FLOW ANALYSIS OF DRAINS ...... 69

iii

1.0 BACKGROUND

The Hon’ble Supreme Court of India in its order dated 30th October, 2012 in the matter of Writ Petition (Civil) No. 725/1994, titled as News Item Published in Hindustan Times titled ‘And Quite Flows the Maily Yamuna’; directed-

- “Central Pollution Control Board to submit a report before this Court as to how many STP are working to their optimum capacity and whether the treated affluent or domestic discharge is again put back into the main polluted drain.”

- “The Board to inform the Court as to the measures that can be directed to be taken by the concerned authorities in order to ensure that the treated discharge/affluent is not put back into the polluted drains. The team, which shall visit and inspect the sites, in terms of orders of this Court and submit a report thereto, shall consist of Member Secretary of the Central Pollution Control Board and the Chief Engineer of the Delhi Jal Board”

Central Pollution Control Board submitted the Interim report on “River Yamuna- Wastewater Management Plan in Delhi” to Hon’ble Supreme Court of India on 9th November, 2012. The Hon’ble Court in its order dated 09/11/2012 further order and directed-

- “At the request of the learned counsel , we grant him three weeks' time to complete the joint inspection. Let the final inspection report be filed before this Court within the aforesaid period.” - “We make it clear that we expect definite suggestions from the Joint Committee in regard to providing of proper drainage system as well as the manner in which the pollution of Yamuna can be controlled and it will be converted from Maily Yamuna to Clean Yamuna, in the larger interest of the public.”

2.0 INTRODUCTION

2.1 AREA The National Capital Territory of Delhi is spread over an area of 1,483 km2 out of which 783 km2 (302 sq mi) is designated rural and 700 km2 urban. There are three local bodies managing the affairs in Delhi namely, Municipal Corporation of Delhi (area of 1,397.3 km2), New Delhi Municipal Committee (area of 42.7 km2) and Delhi Cantonment Board (area of 43 km2)

2.2 POPULATION Delhi is the eighth largest metropolis in the world by population with 1, 67, 53,235 inhabitants as per the 2011 Census. There are nearly 22.2 million residents in the greater National Capital Region urban area (which also includes Noida, Greater Noida, Ghaziabad, Gurgaon and Faridabad along with other smaller nearby towns). The name Delhi is often used to include urban areas near the NCT, as well as to refer to New Delhi, the capital of India, which lies within the metropolis. The population of Delhi expected to increase by 40% by the year 2020. Decadal population growth of Delhi is depicted in Figure 1.

Population Growth in Delhi 250

200

150

100

0 1910 1920 1940 1961 1971 1981 1991 2001 2011 2021

Population (in lacs) Figure 1: Decadal Growth of Population of Delhi

2.3 WATER SUPPLY

RESOURCE AVAILABILITY

Delhi depends on river Yamuna and partially on river Ganga for its share of raw water. For sustainable development of Delhi, it is essential to ensure adequate supply of water in terms of reliability, quality and quantity. Distribution of water resources of (DJB) Delhi Jal Board is presented in Table-1 and treatment capacity of water treatment plants is stated in Table-2. Figure-2 shows location of Water Treatment Plants of Delhi.

Table 1: Available Water resources of Delhi Jal Board (DJB) (as on 2008) S.no Source of Water Quantity(MGD) 1. Yamuna River 339 2. Ganga River 240 3. Bhakara Storage 150 Subtotal 729 4. Ranney wells/tube wells 100 (Ground water) Total 829

Table 2: Water Treatment Capacity S. No. Water Treatment Plants Capacity, MGD Source of raw water Existing

1 Wazirabad Water Works 120 Yamuna river 2 Chandrawal Water Works 90 Yamuna river 3 Haiderpur Water Works 200 Western Yamuna canal

4 Bhagirathi Water Works 100 Upper Ganga canal

5 Ranney Wells / Tube Wells 100 Ground water (aquifer) 6 Sonia Vihar 140 Tehri dam

7 Bawana 20 Western Yamuna Canal

8 Nangloi 40 Western Yamuna Canal

TOTAL 810

Source: Master Plan for Sewerage System of Delhi for 2031

Figure 2: Location of Water Treatment Plants

3.0 WATER QUALITY OF RIVER YAMUNA

The river Yamuna, a major tributary of river Ganga, originates from the Yamnotri Glacier near Banderpunch peaks in the Mussorie range of lower Himalayas at an elevation of about 6320 meter above mean sea level in the district of Uttar Kashi (Uttrakhand). River Yamuna flows through series of valleys for about 200 kms, in lower Himalayas and emerges into Indo-gangetic plains. It enters Delhi at Palla and flow through 22 km of stretch to Okhla barrage. Water quality of river Yamuna in and around is monitored Delhi at 04 locations. The observed water quality of river Yamuna varies widely over the years. Water quality of river during 2001 to 2012 in Delhi is presented in Table 3. The water quality profile and monitoring trend (2004 - 2011) is given at Annexure -I

Table 3: Decadal variation of Water quality - river Yamuna SMonitoring Period Parameter (Annual Range) Sl.no Location BOD (mg/l) DO 1) Palla 2001 1-3 5.9 - 9.8 2011 1-4 5 - 10.3 March- 2-5 6.2 - 6.2 August, 2012 2) Nizamuddin 2001 3-51 0 - 6.1 bridge 2011 4 - 26 0 – 4.5 March- 10-37 0 - 5.4 August, 2012 3) Agra Canal 2001 4-21 0 - 3.3 2011 3 – 26 0 – 3.5 March- 7-40 0 - 0.7 August, 2012 4) Okhla d/s 2001 - - 2011 12 - 59 0-2.4 March- 6 - 99 0 - 5.1 August, 2012

Above table indicates that water quality of river Yamuna at above said locations shows deterioration with respect to DO and BOD at most of the places.

4.0 OBJECTIVE OF THE STUDY

The objective of the study was to assess and evaluate the performance of Sewage Treatment Plants installed in Delhi and to provide the status of sewerage system of Delhi.

4.1 Methodology

The methodology adopted for the study:

i) Desk Inventory

ii) Wet Inventory

(i) Desk inventory: To carry out the present study, dry inventory was conducted based on background information available in-house. The Amicus Curiae were informed about the programme and requested to join the CPCB’s team during field inspection along with the officers of Delhi Jal Board. Copies of the correspondence enclosed as Annexure-II.

(ii) Wet Inventory: The CPCB’s team along with officials from DJB and Amicus Curiae monitored the Sewage Treatment Plant installed at Okhla, Keshopur, Rithala, Kondli, Chilla and major polluting drains Najafgarh, Shahdhara and River Yamuna at Wazirabad and Okhla during 20th November to 23rd November, 2012. CPCB team collected samples of the treated/partially treated effluent from all the STPs during the period between November 2nd to 8th, 2012.

5.0 SOURCES OF POLLUTION CPCB regularly monitors the drains in Delhi discharging wastewater to river Yamuna. As per the study conducted by CPCB, wastewater generation is about 3800 MLD whereas the present installed treatment capacity is 2460 MLD whereas the actual utilization only 1558 MLD which shows that 2242 MLD (59 %) of untreated sewage discharged through the drains to river Yamuna. This estimation is based on total flow of drains excluding reuse and recycle wastewater. As informed by Delhi Jal Board, the potable water supply is 850 Million Gallons Day (3,859 Million Litres per Day). The water supply figures of DJB do not take into consideration private ground water extraction. Hence actual water use and wastewater discharge are bound to be higher. Based on the water supply figures provided by DJB about 3087 MLD of sewage is generated considering CPHEEO norms which estimate sewage generation at the rate 80 % of water supply. Actual estimation of wastewater generation of Delhi needs be carried out.

5.1 Wazirabad to Okhla Stretch (Drains Discharging in Yamuna)

River Yamuna in Delhi stretch receives wastewater from 17 drains between Wazirabad to Okhla, Shahdara drain meets the river downstream of Okhla barrage while 4 other drains discharge their wastewater into Agra Canal. Schematic flow diagram of river Yamuna showing point sources is depicted in Figure-3. Location of STPs and drains in Delhi is shown in Figure-4.

Figure 3: Schematic flow diagram of river Yamuna

Source: Master Plan for Sewerage System of Delhi for 2031 Figure 4: STPs and Drain outfall of Delhi 5.1.1 Quantitative and Qualitative Analysis

Drains carry treated/untreated wastewater comprising of Municipal Sewage and Industrial effluent from different clusters of Delhi. The quantitative and qualitative analysis of drain monitored during 2012 is presented in Table 4. The total flow generated from 18 drains is about 3393 MLD and BOD load 229 tones per day. The Quality and flow analysis of drain is attached at Annexure-III. Figures 5 and 6 depict flow and BOD distribution of 18 drains.

Table 4: Annual mean flow and BOD load of drains (Wazirabad – Okhla) Flow in BOD load SL.NO. Drains MLD (TPD)

1 Najafgarh 2064 108

2 Magzine Road drain 17 3

3 Sweeper Colony drain 4 0.15

4 Khyber Pass drain 4 0.18

5 Metcalf House drain 6 0.27

6 ISBT + Mori gate drain 45 3.38

7 Tonga Stand drain 5 1.14

8 Kailash Nagar drain 8 1.22

9 Civil Mill drain 40 4.39

10 Delhi Gate (power house) drain 222 20.01

11 Sen Nursing home drain 68 10.53

12 Drain no.14 8 0.18

13 Barapulla drain 86 6.25

14 Maharani Bagh drain 33 3.49

15 Abu Fazal drain 26 1.13

16 Jaitpur drain 19 1.30

17 Tuglakabad drain 90 6.20

18 Shahdara drain 638 57.19 Flow in MLD NAJAFGARH DRAIN

MAGZINE ROAD DRAIN

SWEEPER COLONY DRAIN

KHYBER PASS DRAIN

METCALF HOUSE DRAIN 3% 1% 19% ISBT + MORI GATE DRAIN 1% TONGA STAND DRAIN 1% KAILASH NAGAR DRAIN

3% CIVIL MILL DRAIN

DELHI GATE (POWER HOUSE) 7% 61% DRAIN SEN NURSING HOME DRAIN 2% DRAIN NO.14

BARAPULLA DRAIN

MAHARANI BAGH DRAIN

1% ABU FAZAL DRAIN 1% 1% JAITPUR DRAIN

TUGLAKABAD DRAIN

SHAHDARA DRAIN

Figure 5: Pie-chart depicts Flow distribution of drains

BOD load in T/D NAJAFGARH DRAIN MAGZINE ROAD DRAIN SWEEPER COLONY DRAIN KHYBER PASS DRAIN METCALF HOUSE DRAIN 25% ISBT + MORI GATE DRAIN TONGA STAND DRAIN 47% KAILASH NAGAR DRAIN 3% CIVIL MILL DRAIN 1% DELHI GATE (POWER HOUSE) DRAIN 5% 2% SEN NURSING HOME DRAIN 9% DRAIN NO.14 3% BARAPULLA DRAIN MAHARANI BAGH DRAIN ABU FAZAL DRAIN 2% 1% 1% 2% JAITPUR DRAIN TUGLAKABAD DRAIN SHAHDARA DRAIN

Figure 6: Pie-chart depicts BOD load (T/d) distribution

Out of the 18 drains discharging in river Yamuna, Najafgarh drain (including supplementary drain), Delhi Gate drain, Sen Nursing Home drain, Barapulla, Tughlakabad and Shahdara drain contribute about 93 % of hydraulic load and 91 % of organic load while the remaining drains contribute about 7 % of hydraulic load and 9 % of the organic load (Based on assessment made during November, 2011- August, 2012). These drains also receive treated effluent from 13 Common Effluent Treatment Plants (CETPs). The major contributing drains also receive wastewater from sub-contributory drains in their catchment basin. Observed water quality of above said major drains during 2001 to 2012 is presented in Table 5. Figures 7 and 8 shows BOD load and Flow distribution of above said major drains.

Flow in MLD

2% 3% 3%

7% Najafgarh Drain

20% Shahdara Drain Delhi gate Drain 65% Sen Nursing Drain Barapulla Drain Tuglakabad drain

Figure 7: Pie-chart shows Flow distribution BOD load in T/d 3% 3% 5% 10% Najafgarh Drain Shahdara Drain 52% Delhi gate Drain 27% Sen Nursing Drain Barapulla Drain Tuglakabad drain

Figure 8: Pie-chart shows BOD load (T/d) distribution

Table 5: Decadal variation of Water Quality of 06 Major drains (2004-2012) S.no Monitoring Period Parameter (Annual Range) Location BOD (mg/l) TSS (mg/l) 1) Najafgarh drain 2004 18 – 81 86 - 4594 2011 28- 91 75 - 504 2012 31 – 76 81 - 672 2) Delhi Gate 2004 147 – 563 151 - 1365 drain 2011 36 – 139 72 - 317 2012 72 - 117 7 - 305 3) Sen Nursing 2004 87 - 219 162 - 548 Home drain 2011 30 – 166 59 - 522 2012 73 – 333 107 - 522 4) Barapulla Drain 2004 34 - 150 26 - 178 2011 39 - 87 21 - 205 2012 39 – 117 30 - 172 5) Tuglakabad 2004 37 – 86 31 - 855 drain 2011 29 – 145 113 – 707 2012 41 – 116 160 - 1437 6) Shahdara drain 2004 43 – 132 77 - 295 2011 35 – 107 108 - 752 2012 33 – 170 156 – 773 Note: Data includes Monsoon Period

5.1.2 Drains Discharging in Canals Wastewater generation in southern part of Delhi is drained through 06 drains which is ultimately discharged in Agra and Gurgaon canals. Details are given in Table-6.

Table-6: Annual mean flow and BOD load of drains (discharging in canals) Sl.No. Drains Flow in BOD MLD load (TPD) 1. Abandoned Agra Canal At Okhla Vihar 406.08 8.59 (Only Yamuna River Water)

2. Abandoned Agra Canal At Kalindi Kunj 528.1632 12.266 (After Receiving City Waste)

Sl.No. Drains Flow in BOD MLD load (TPD) 3. Input of Waste water in Abandoned 284.5152 7.113 Agra canal (1-2)

4. Sarita Vihar Drain 36.0288 9.601

5. Tehkhand Drain 14.9472 2.508

6. Molarband Drain 18.576 3.445

Note: Data includes Monsoon Period

5.2 Major Drains discharging in Delhi Stretch of river Yamuna between Wazirabad to Okhla stretch

The development of sewerage system in Delhi started soon after New Delhi was built in 1938 with installation of 82 MLD Sewage Treatment Plant (STP) at Okhla. By 1956, the capacity of this plant was augmented to 164 MLD. Additional STPs were later constructed at Coronation Pillar in 1957 (55 MLD) and Keshopur in 1960 (55 MLD). The treatment capacity increased from 273 MLD in 1961 to 1273 MLD in 1993. The present sewage treatment capacity in Delhi stands at around 2460 MLD. Presently, the urban area of Delhi is served by a gravity collection sewerage system involving a large network of branch sewers, intercepting sewers, peripheral and trunk sewers.

The existing sewerage conveyance system is a large network of branch, peripheral and trunk sewers of around 6318 kms in length out of which, 150 kms is the length of trunk sewer, 1500 kms is the length of peripheral sewer and 4500 kms is of internal sewers.

In past the emphasis was to provide piped water supply to both urban & rural areas. As a result, growth in sewerage facilities has not been commensurate with the sewage generation. Even today, only about 55% of the population of Delhi is served by the sewerage system. For the management of sewerage and drainage, Delhi is divided into six zones i.e. 1) Rithala, 2) Coronation Pillar 3) Keshopur; 4) Okhla; 5) Trans Yamuna; and 6) Outer Delhi. Besides this, there are newly developed areas or urban extensions mostly contiguous with urban limit such as Narela, Pappan Kalan, Nazafgarh, Ghitroni, Vasant Kunj, Mehrauli & Sarita Vihar.

5.2.1 Najafgarh drain

Najafgarh drain enters NCT on the south western side and traverses a distance of about 40 km before joining river Yamuna in the north. Najafgarh drain used to be a natural channel known by the name of ‘Sahibi River’ in Haryana and Rajasthan and it was essentially serving the purpose of drainage of storm water from the adjoining areas of Haryana and Delhi. It was channelized in 1978 with the objective of integrating into the storm water drainage system of the city. Catchment area of Najafgarh drain is depicted in Figure 9. Najafgarh Drain is the longest of all drains in the National Capital Territory and carries a total flow of over 2064 MLD (60 % of the total wastewater flow of 18 drains) and BOD load of around 108 t/d (48 % of total BOD load of 18 drains).

38 tributary drains discharge into Najafgarh drain, out of which 15 tributary drains on the left bank, the major ones being Supplementary drain, Nangloi Sayed drain and Shakurbasti drain while 23 tributary drains discharge on the right bank major drains being Dariyai Nala, Palam drain, Phanka Road drain and Keshopur drain. Supplementary drain needs special mention because of its substantial flow which contributes considerably to Najafgarh drain. It carries treated sewage from 05 STPs (Coronation Pillar, Narela, Rohini, Rithala and Timarpur) alongwith untreated sewage from residential areas in the north. Total installed capacity of Sewage Treatment in the catchment area of Supplementary drain is 684 MLD whereas the capacity utilization is about 320 MLD (46 %).

Najafgarh Drain also receives fresh water from Western Yamuna Canal under sharing agreement for irrigation water between the five riparian states of river Yamuna. It also carries treated sewage from 04 STPs (Najafgarh, Nilothi, Keshopur and Papankalan) as well as untreated sewage from residential areas in the west and north-west. Total installed capacity of Sewage Treatment in the catchment area of Najafgarh drain is 621 MLD (excluding treatment capacity in Supplementary drain/catchment) whereas capacity utilization is about 309 MLD (49 %).

Thus out of 2064 MLD wastewater generated in Najafgarh basin the treatment capacity exists for 1305 MLD (comprising of 09 STPs) only, there by leaving a gap of 759 MLD in the treatment capacity. Even the available treatment capacity of 1305 MLD is also not fully utilized. The treatment capacity utilization is just about 629 MLD thus leaving 1335 MLD of sewage to join Najafgarh drain without any treatment and ultimately joining river.

Source: Wastewater management in Najafgarh drainage basin Figure 9: Catchment of Najafgarh Drain

5.2.2 Delhi Gate drain

Delhi gate drain contributes about 222 MLD of wastewater to river Yamuna and its share is about 6.5 % of total flow of drains joining river Yamuna between Wazirabad to Okhla. The BOD load contribution is about 20 t/d (8.7 %). Only one STP (Delhi Gate STP) having 10 MLD capacity is installed in the catchment of this drain

5.2.3 Sen Nursing Home drain

Sen Nursing home drain contributes about 68 MLD of wastewater to river Yamuna and its share is about 2 % of total flow of drains joining river Yamuna between Wazirabad to Okhla. The BOD load contribution is 10 t/d (4 %). Only one STP (Sen nursing home STP) having capacity of 10MLD is installed in the catchment of this drain.

5.2.4 Barapulla Drain

Barapulla drain discharge 86 MLD of wastewater to river Yamuna and contributes about 2.5 % of total flow of drains added to river Yamuna from Wazirabad to Okhla stretch. No STP is located in catchment area of Barapulla drain.

5.2.5 Tugalkabad drain

90 MLD of wastewater is discharged to river Yamuna whereas BOD load is 6 t/d. Tugalkabad drain contributes 2.6 % of hydraulic load whereas contribution of organic load is 2.6 %.

5.2.6 Shahdara drain

Shahdara drain is the main drainage basin of eastern part of Delhi and its flows from north- east to South east. It receives no. of outfall drains from residential colonies along the course as it flows. Wastewater generated from parts Ghaziabad is discharged to Shahdahra drain through Shahibad and Indirapuri drain. Shahdara drain passes through part of Noida before meeting river Yamuna d/s of Okhla barrage. It also carries treated sewage from 02 STPs (Yamuna Vihar and Kondli) along with untreated sewage from residential areas in the east and north-east Delhi. Drainage system of Shahdara drain is shown in figure 10.

Shahdara Drain is the second largest of all drains in the National Capital Territory and has a total flow of over 638 MLD (18 %) and BOD load of around 57 t/d (24 %).

Figure 10: Drainage system of Shahdara drain

5.3 Existing Infrastructure Facility for Waste Water Management and Status of Sewage Treatment Plants

5.3.1 Sewerage System Presently the urban area of Delhi is served by gravity collection sewerage system involving large network of branch sewers intercepting sewers, Peripheral sewers of various length and diameter. Six drainage areas are demarcated for laying down of sewerage system. These six zones are Rithala, Coronation Pillar, Keshopur, Okhla, Trans Yamuna and Outer Delhi. Besides this, there are newly developed areas/Urban Extensions within urban limits such as Narela, Pappankala, Nazafgarh,Vasant Kunj, Mehrauli and Sarita Vihar. About 55% population is covered by sewerage system, while sewage generated from the remaining population joins river Yamuna through a number of surface drains. At present there

are 17 Sewage Treatment Plants (STPs), equipped to treat 2460 MLD (542.4 MGD) of sewage capacities varying from 10 MLD (2.2 MGD) to 770 MLD (170 MGD). 5.3.2 Sewage Treatment Plants (STP) At present Sewage Treatment Plants (STP) are located in 17 different places in Delhi with a cumulative treatment capacity of 2460 MLD. Delhi Jal Board has a plan to increase capacity to 3389 MLD by the end of 10th Pan by the way of augmenting the capacity of exiting treatment plants and constructing new plants.

5.3.2.1 Present Status Waste Water Generation in Delhi has been assessed as 3800 MLD and the Waste Water Treatment capacity developed so far is 2460 MLD. There is gap of about 36% as far as development of sewage treatment capacity is concerned in the present context. The capacity utilization is only 63% as the amount of waste water reaching to STPs is only 1558 MLD. The operation of these STPs is being maintained by Delhi Jal Board. Status of sewage treatment capacity developed so far and its utilization in each treatment units and designed parameters is provided in Table 7. The details of year-wise increase in aggregate treatment capacity of the plants from 1994 till 2012 are depicted in Figure 11. Table 7: Status of Sewage treatment Plants S. Name of Year of Installed Designed Present Utilization Point of No. Sewage Commissioning Capacity Parameters Utilization of treated Discharge of Treatment (MGD) BOD SS (MGD) effluent remaining Plant (mg/l) (mg/l) Treated Effluent 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 1. Coronation 1957 10 30 50 17 - DDA Golf Supplementary Pillar course- 3.6 drain Phase-I* MLD Coronation 1999 10+10 30 50 - Gammon Pillar India for Phase-II Casting Coronation 2000 10 20 30 Yard- Pillar 7MGD Phase-III Total 40 2. Oxidation - 6 3 Supplementary Ponds- drain Timarpur 3. Keshopur 1958 12 30 50 50 - Irrigation Najafgarh drain Phase-I (Abandoned) Flood Control Keshopur 1975 20 20 30 Departmen Phase-II t -15 MGD

S. Name of Year of Installed Designed Present Utilization Point of No. Sewage Commissioning Capacity Parameters Utilization of treated Discharge of Treatment (MGD) BOD SS (MGD) effluent remaining Plant (mg/l) (mg/l) Treated Effluent 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 Keshopur 1990 40 20 30 Phase-III Total 72 4. Okhla 1937 30 30 50 132 - CPWD Horticulture, Phase-I Horticultur Agra Canal Okhla 1982 12 30 50 e-20MGD Phase-II - Jaitpur for Okhla 1993 37 30 50 irrigation- Phase-III 10MGD Okhla 1993 45 30 50 - CRRI Phase-IV Horticultur Okhla 2001 16 20 30 e-2 MGD Phase-V - Internal Okhla 2011-12 30 10 10 horticultur Phase- VI e-5MGD - Waste 2 Total 170 energy plant-0.5 MGD

5. Narela 2001 10 20 30 2.6 No Supplementary utilisation drain 6. Najafgarh 2002 5 20 30 0.2 No Najafgarh drain utilisation 7. Nilothi 2002 40 20 30 10 No Najafgarh drain utilisation 8. Dr. Sen 1998 2.2 30 50 2.2 Power plant Power plant Nursing (M/s PPCL Home Ltd) Nalla 9. Delhi Gate 1998 2.2 30 50 2.2 Power plant Power plant Nalla (M/s PPCL Ltd) 10. Yamuna 1999 10 30 50 12 No Yamuna river Vihar utilisation Phase-I

S. Name of Year of Installed Designed Present Utilization Point of No. Sewage Commissioning Capacity Parameters Utilization of treated Discharge of Treatment (MGD) BOD SS (MGD) effluent remaining Plant (mg/l) (mg/l) Treated Effluent 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 Yamuna 2002 10 20 30 Vihar Phase-II Total 20 11. Pappan 2000 20 30 50 8 No Najafgarh drain Kalan utilisation 12. Kondli 1987 10 30 50 50 DDA for Shahdara Drain Phase-I horticulture- Kondli 1989 25 30 50 1MGD Phase-II Kondli 2001 10 20 30 Phase-III Total 45 13. Mehrauli 2003 5 20 30 2 All effluent Horticulture for Horticulture

14. Rohini 2002 15 20 30 1 No Supplementary utilisation drain 15. Rithala 1989 40 30 50 47 Horticulture, Supplementary (Old) (M/s PPCL Drain Rithala 2002 40 20 30 Ltd), (New) Total-80 Irrigation - 27 MGD 16. Vasant 1982 2 30 50 4.5 All effluent Hauz Khas Kunj to lake Phase-I Horticulture Vasant 1997 3 30 50 / Hauz Khas Kunj Total-5 lake Phase-II 17. Ghitorni 1997 5 30 50 - - Total 542 MGD 343 MGD (2460 MLD) (1558 MLD)

700 612.4 600 512.4 512.4 482.4 500 432.4 376.4 400 351.4 334.2

300 267

200

100

0 1994 1998 1999 2000 2001 2002 2003 2010 2012

Treatment Capacity

Figure 11: Graphical presentation of enhancement of treatment capacity

5.3.2.2 Type of Treatment All the STPs are designed on Activated Sludge Process, except for (a) 40 MGD STP at Rithala with Bio filters, (b) 2.2 MGD STPs each at Delhi Gate and Dr Sen Nursing Home nalla with high rate Bio filters / Densadeg Technology, (c) Mehrauli, Najafgarh & Vasant kunj STPs with extended aeration and (d) Keshopur 20 MGD based on Carousel type Oxidation ditch. It is observed that the capacity of sewage treatment has not kept pace with growth in piped water supply apparently due to the water requirement need of the growing population getting priority. Even, the existing capacity needs to be optimally utilized and steps taken to augment the same to meet present and future requirements by complying with the prescribed standards.

5.3.2.3 Disposal System Wastewater generated in Delhi is discharged into river Yamuna through 17 drains between Wazirabad Barrage and Okhla Barrage, Shahdara drain meets downstream of Okhla Barrage while other 4 drains discharging into the canals between Okhla Barrage and Badarpur Border. DJB is recycling about 516 MLD treated sewage which is utilised for various purposes. The details of treated sewage utilisation is summarised below: (a) About 90 MLD treated sewage is supplied to CPWD for horticultural purposes in Lutyens Delhi from Okhla STP (b) About 110 MLD treated sewage is supplied to Pragati Power Plant from Dr. Sen Nursing Home Nala and Delhi Gate Nala STPs and M/s PPCL through Rithala STP.

5.3.2.4 Qualitative Analysis of STPs CPCB has monitored 17 STPs during May, 2010 and August, 2011 and analysis results are mentioned in table 8. Samples of the treated/partially treated effluent have been collected from all the STPs during the period between November 2nd to 8th, 2012.

Table 8: Analysis results of STPs S. Name of Installed Present Monitoring BOD (mg/L) COD (mg/l) TSS (mg/l) No. Sewage Capacity Utilization Period Treatment (MGD) (MGD) Inlet Outlet Inlet Outlet Inlet Outlet Plant 1. Coronation 10 17 May, 2010 87 9 301 58 437 26 Pillar Phase-III August, 72 22 294 56 209 24 2011 November, 411 35 1496 124 1902 70 2012 Coronation 10+10 May, 2010 418 9 1592 58 722 28 Pillar August, 47 14 116 36 88 16 Phase-II 2011 November, 143 6 460 13 420 34 2012 Coronation 10 ------Pillar Phase-I* Total 40

2. Oxidation 6 3 ------Ponds- Timarpur * Keshopur 12 50 May, 2010 ------Phase-I * 3. August, ------2011 November, 200 27 596 115 738 47 2012 Keshopur 20 May, 2010 ------Phase-II * August, ------2011

S. Name of Installed Present Monitoring BOD (mg/L) COD (mg/l) TSS (mg/l) No. Sewage Capacity Utilization Period Treatment (MGD) (MGD) Inlet Outlet Inlet Outlet Inlet Outlet Plant November, 124 109 320 261 322 127 2012 Keshopur 40 May, 2010 ------Phase-III * August, ------2011 November, 223 84 489 267 29 124 2012 Total 72

4. Okhla 30 132 May, 2010 147 47 464 172 491 73 Phase-I August, 123 15 320 69 257 40 2011

November, - - 420 158 247 38

2012 Okhla 12 May, 2010 196 70 611 323 554 2 Phase-II August, 123 27 320 85 257 53 2011 November, 420 99 247 31 2012 Okhla 37 May, 2010 196 36 611 114 554 69 Phase-III August, 123 26 320 85 257 63 2011 November, 420 152 247 56 2012 Okhla 45 May, 2010 112 33 381 119 272 58 Phase-IV August, 123 32 320 108 257 81 2011 November, 420 143 247 52 2012 Okhla 16 May, 2010 115 24 521 115 332 63 Phase-V August, 123 91 320 375 257 61 2011 November, 420 87 247 23 2012

S. Name of Installed Present Monitoring BOD (mg/L) COD (mg/l) TSS (mg/l) No. Sewage Capacity Utilization Period Treatment (MGD) (MGD) Inlet Outlet Inlet Outlet Inlet Outlet Plant Okhla 30 May, 2010 ------Phase-VI August, ------2011 November, 449 87 320 25 2012 Total 170 5. Narela 10 2.6 May, 2010 51 12 154 51 204 23 August, 75 15 257 48 243 20 2011 November, 117 7 397 34 398 17 2012 6. Najafgarh 5 0.2 May, 2010 115 7 401 51 304 25 August, 125 55 354 177 246 55 2011 November, 121 26 360 92 192 34 2012 7. Nilothi 40 10 May, 2010 178 19 583 89 316 43 August, 152 7 361 42 176 19 2011 November, 164 20 459 66 277 29 2012 8. Dr. Sen 2.2 2.2 May, 2010 306 3 925 13 969 6 Nursing Home August, 186 2 387 19 240 14 Nalla 2011 November, 495 3 1167 66 640 14 2012 9. Delhi Gate 2.2 2.2 May, 2010 106 4 446 14 248 24 Nalla August, 142 5 322 15 222 10 2011 November, 315 4 944 27 280 20 2012 10. Yamuna 10 12 May, 2010 134 8 319 57 221 47

S. Name of Installed Present Monitoring BOD (mg/L) COD (mg/l) TSS (mg/l) No. Sewage Capacity Utilization Period Treatment (MGD) (MGD) Inlet Outlet Inlet Outlet Inlet Outlet Plant Vihar August, 137 11 325 30 166 21 Phase-I 2011 November, 242 16 508 47 263 39 2012 Yamuna 10 May, 2010 92 8 407 71 301 60 Vihar Phase-II August, 138 20 456 90 342 86 2011 Total 20 November, 214 14 512 62 217 30 2012 11. Pappan 20 8 May, 2010 179 5 625 32 513 22 Kalan August, 143 22 424 81 199 53 2011 November, 122 71 555 231 425 129 2012 12. Kondli 10 50 May, 2010 219 28 466 71 286 91 Phase-I August, 96 18 365 96 273 62 2011 November, 56 31 160 130 68 50 2012 Kondli 25 May, 2010 97 16 381 68 388 13 Phase-II August, 90 51 247 155 274 141 2011 November, 202 27 422 74 1075 114 2012 Kondli 10 May, 2010 86 18 400 62 218 21 Phase-III August, 90 17 247 64 274 82 2011 November, 202 24 422 106 1075 63 2012 Total 45 13. Mehrauli 5 2 May, 2010 217 21 755 113 585 33 August, ------2011 November, ------2012

S. Name of Installed Present Monitoring BOD (mg/L) COD (mg/l) TSS (mg/l) No. Sewage Capacity Utilization Period Treatment (MGD) (MGD) Inlet Outlet Inlet Outlet Inlet Outlet Plant 14. Rohini 15 1 ______November, ______2012 15. Rithala 40 47 May, 2010 110 11 426 42 250 29 (Old) August, 110 11 426 42 250 29 2011 November, 143 6 392 27 307 17 2012 Rithala 40 May, 2010 110 21 79 28 (New) August, 110 21 426 79 250 28 2011 November, 143 6 392 20 307 28 2012 16. Vasant 2 4.5 May, 2010 156 42 542 166 494 100 Kunj August, 203 18 456 118 204 56 Phase-I 2011 November, 153 29 567 59 441 32 2012 Vasant 3 May, 2010 169 18 565 47 337 51 Kunj August, 159 25 427 78 285 25 Phase-II 2011 November, 216 7 485 12 438 39 2012 17. Ghitorni 5 ------Note: * STPs were under augmentation - STP not in operation.

Close examination of Table-8 reveals the following observations:  With respect to BOD, STPs installed at Vasant Kunj Phase-I, Okhla Phase-I to IV, Kondli and Keshopur are not meeting the General Standards for Discharge of Environmental Pollutants into inland surface, public Sewers, land for irrigation, marine coastal areas under Schedule-VI of The Environment (Protection) Rules, 1986

 With respect to COD, Okhla Phase-II STP is not meeting the General Standards for Discharge of Environmental Pollutants into inland surface, public Sewers, land for irrigation, marine coastal areas under Schedule-VI of The Environment (Protection) Rules, 1986

5.3.2.5 Proposed Plan for Augmentation and Rehabilitation of Sewage Treatment Plants

 DJB is in the process of augmenting the capacity of existing plants and installing new plants. Table-9 shows details of plants proposed to be constructed in future.

Table 9: Proposed Plan for Augmentation S. No. Name & location of STP Capacity Year of (MGD) Construction 1. Delhi Gate Phase-II 15 -

2. Delhi Cant. 8 -

3. Kondli Phase-IV (Under 45 2011(Likely Construction) to be

completed by

March, 2012)

4. Kapashera 5 2011-12

5. Chilla 9 2011-13

6. Pappan Kalan Phase-II 20 2012-14

7. Nilothi phase-II 20 2012-14

8. Yamuna Vihar Phase-III 25 2011(Likely (Under Construction) to be

completed by

March, 2012)

 Interceptor Sewer The interceptor sewer project is an integrated approach towards zero sewage flows in the drains and the river. There are four major components. The first and the most important

27 being the laying of interceptor sewers to tap the minor drains carrying sewage into three of the major drains—Najafgarh, Supplementary and Shahdara. The other components of the massive interceptor scheme include augmentation of existing capacity of STPs at mouth of Delhi gate and Sen Nursing Home, intercepting 13 small drains into the Bela road and ring road trunk sewer after rehabilitation and the construction of sewerage treatment plants (STPs) after utilisation of existing ones. About sixty kilometers (km) sewers will be laid parallel to these three drains to tap about 135 minor drains. Interceptors will tap sewage from 597 sq. km. (i.e. 40 % of NCT Delhi). Intercepted sewage will then be diverted into the existing sewage treatment plants (STPs). Target horizon period is 2036. The interceptor sewer will then function as additional trunk sewers and will start taking flows existing sewer network as they reach capacities over the design horizon years. Figures 12 and 13 depict the concept of Interceptor sewer.

Figure 12: Concept of Interceptor Sewer

Sewage treatment Vs generation: According to EIL’s assessment, overall in the three drains i.e Shahdara Drain, Najafgarh Drain and Supplementary drain, a shortage of 1000 MLD treatment capacity exists. As of now the treatment capacity available is to the tune of 1,500 MLD. As per EIL among the various packages, only Rithala has an excess of 40 MLD between sewage generation and treatment. EIL report also states by 2036, the treatment capacity would increase to 2,300 MLD leaving a gap of 760 MLD. (see table 10: sewage generation Vs treatment capacity in interceptor packages). As pointed out earlier, these figures seem to be an under estimate. For instance the actual gap in Shahdara works out to about 520 mld as compared to 290 mld as reported by EIL.

Table 10- Sewage generation Vs treatment capacity in interceptor packages Sl.No. Package Name Existing GAP 2008 Capacity GAP 2036 Capacity 2036 2008 1. Dwarka/Najafgarh 112.5 -77.4 202.5 -184.95 2. Nilothi/Keshopur 504 -367.65 594 -202.95 3. Coronation Pillar 180 -277.2 180 -311.4 4. Rohini/Rithala 427.5 41.85 787.5 150.75 5. Shahdara North 90 -244.8 202.5 -82.35 6. Shahdara South 202.5 -126 405 -137.25 Total 1516.5 -1051 2371.5 -768 Source: Anon 2008, Detailed Project Report for Laying of Interceptor Sewer along Najafgarh, Supplementary and Shahdara Drain for Abatement of Pollution in River Yamuna, Engineers India Limited and CH2M HILL (India) Pvt Limited, New Delhi, December

In view of above facts, it is observed that Interceptor sewer is designed on the basis of average flow of drains whereas capacity should be designed considering peak flow for sustainability of the system.

PKG 4: IS - 5.4 Km, RM - 3.2 Km, SPS-1

PKG 3: IS - 11.6 Km, RM – 4.2 Km, SPS-2

PKG 5: IS - 6 Km, RM - 2 Km, SPS- 1

PKG 2: IS - 22.2 Km, RM - 6.6 Km, SPS- 2

PKG 6: IS - 11.1 Km

PKG 1: IS - 1.9 Km, RM - 0.3 Km, SPS – 1

Interceptor Sewer Project

Figure 13: Interceptor Sewer Project

 Expenditure incurred by Delhi Jal Board for controlling and preventing pollution in river Yamuna.

The following three heads are operated on the projects for controlling pollution in River Yamuna-

i. Yamuna Action Plan (YAP)- I, II & III ii. JnNURM funded projects iii. Delhi Jal Board Plan Fund

1. Yamuna Action Plan (YAP)-I,II&III a. YAP-I projects

S.N. Name of work Total cost Expenditure Current Status Rs in incurred Rs in crores crores 1. Construction of 2.2 MGD capacity STP at the mouth of Delhi Gate Drain 13.51 13.51 Functioning to 2 Construction of 2.2 the design MGD capacity STP capacity at the mouth of Dr. Sen Nursing Home Drain

b. YAP-II Projects:

S.N. Name of work Total cost Expenditure Current Status Rs in incurred Rs in crores crores 1. Construction of 30 MGD capacity STP at 149.50 126.08 Completed Okhla 2 Construction and 12 MGD capacity STP 187.50 130.36 Completed & Renovation of 20 & 40 MGD STPs at Keshopur 3 Providing Laying peripheral sewer on 125.95 114.79 Completed Wazirabad Road 4 Rehabilitation of Ring Road Trunk 107.60 91.70 Completed S.N. Name of work Total cost Expenditure Current Status Rs in incurred Rs in crores crores Sewer 5 Rehabilitation of Bela Road Trunk Sewer 40.00 37.76 Completed

c. YAP III Projects: The projects under YAP-III have not yet been taken up.

2. JNNURM FUNDED PROJECTS

S.N Name of work Total cost Rs in Expenditure Current crores incurred Rs in Status crores Work complete d

In %

1. Laying of interceptor 1963.42 including 51.83 28% sewer along three major 11 years O&M drains for cleaning of river Yamuna 2 (a) Construction of 20 MGD 261.50 including 11 5% STP at Nilothi Phase-II years O&M

2 (b) Construction of 20 MGD 243.50 including 11 7% STP at Pappan Kalan years O&M Phase-II

2 (c) Construction of 11 MGD 16.10 including 11 66% SPS at Possangipur years O&M (Janakpuri) 0.97

2 (d) Allied works related with 7.17 i/c 11 years 5.68 89% construction of SPS O&M Possangipur 2 (e) Allied works related with 11.47 i/c 11 years 8.68 COMPLE construction of SPS at O&M TED Raja Garden

3. Rehabilitation of 294.00 230.15 100% following Trunk Sewers in West & North Districts:

5.3.3 Industrial Waste Water and Performance Of Common Effluent Treatment Plants (CETPS) There are 28 planned Industrial estates in Delhi generating about 218 MLD of industrial waste water. Delhi State Industrial Development Corporation (DSIDC) under Department of Industries, Govt of NCT of Delhi is responsible for providing infrastructure for treatment of industrial effluent. DSIDC by incorporating societies (societies of the respective Industrial Area Associations for their operation and management) treats the industrial effluent from cluster of small scale industries. DSIDC has commissioned 13 Combined Effluent Plants (CETPs) and the treated industrial effluent finally finds its way to the DJB sewers of DJB or drains of Irrigation and Flood Department.

5.3.4 Status of Common Effluent Treatment Plants (CETPS)

13 CETPs have been established by Delhi State Industrial and Infrastructure Development Corporation Ltd. (DSIIDC) in various industrial areas having total capacity of 221 MLD. There is wide gap in installed capacity and its utilization. Analytical results as provided by Delhi Pollution Control Committee indicate that CETPs installed at Mangolpuri, Lawrence Road, SMA, Nangloi, Jhilmil, Okhla, Wazirpur, Narela and Bawana are not meeting the prescribed standard with respect to one or the other criteria pollutant. Qualitative and Quantitative analysis is given in Table 10.

Table 10: Monitoring Results of Delhi CETPs discharging treated effluent in river Yamuna – Final Effluent Quality (values in mg/l except pH)

Date of Flow, CETP (installed pH BOD COD TSS TDS capacity, MLD) monitoring MLD 12.10.2011 2-2.5 7.6 21 62 1330 GTK Road (6) 15.11.2011 2-2.5 8 27 116 32 1800 13.12.2011 2-2.5 7.5 22 84 34 1700

31.10.2011 1.5 7.4 26 40 6900 Mangolpuri (2.4) 28.11.2011 1.5 7.5 30 96 108 6600 7.12.2011 7.2 26 96 90 5000 17.10.2011 3 7.8 30 36 1270 Mayapuri (12) 22.11.2011 2.5 8.2 21 120 62 1290 28.12.2011 2 7.5 26 112 48 1600 22.11.2011 Lawrence Road (21) 2.5 7.2 60 152 64 3600 19.12.2011 2.5 7.3 55 164 84 3300

12.10.2011 1.5 7.2 25 52 2800 SMA (12) 18.11.2011 1.5 7.2 29 58 44 1700 13.12.2011 1.4 6.2 21 68 30 1700 13.06.2011 0.5-1 7.1 28 86 3700 Nangloi (12) 28.11.2011 1.5 7.8 22 64 80 3900 7.12.2011 2 7.2 24 64 70 5800 13.10.2011 4.7 7.5 28 40 1500 Jhilmil (16.8) 14.11.2011 4.8 7.6 28 108 62 2700 16.12.2011 4.6 7.2 29 100 72 2500 14.06.2011 1 7.4 24 72 1600 Badli (12) 29.11.2011 1 8.1 24 64 92 1700 19.12.2011 0.5-1 7.4 28 88 26 1600 16.11.2011 2.5 7.6 56 164 58 2100 Okhla (24) 21.12.2011 3 7.8 36 172 46 1600 12.10.2011 1-1.5 7.3 20 48 4000 Wazirpur (24) 15.11.2011 1.2-1.5 7.4 95 96 88 4000 13.12.2011 1-1.25 6.6 13 80 40 4300

Narela (22) 22.12.2011 10 7.5 39 192 56 2800 29.11.2011 3.5 8 21 72 64 1800 Bawana (35) 22.12.2011 9.2 6.9 18 68 48 1500 17.10.2011 5.4 8 28 28 1180 Narayana (21.6) 22.11.2011 5 7.9 22 140 72 1500 28.12.2011 5.55 7.4 28 120 24 1600 EPA Standards 5.5-9.0 30 250 100 2100 Note: Underlined values are exceeding the EPA standards * Monitoring conducted by DPCC

6.0 OBSERVATION OF THE STUDY

CPCB inspected Okhla, Keshopur, Rithala and Kondli STPs alongwith Amicus Curiae to assess the performance evaluation of STPs. Results of the STPs are mentioned in table 8 above. Details are mentioned below:

1. Okhla STP: Okhla STP has installed capacity of 170 MGD (772 MLD) as against the actual utilization of 135 MGD (613 MLD) i.e 79 %. Okhla STP has the largest catchment area amongst other zones and located on the South-East part of Delhi. The catchment area of Okhla STP extends from Timarpur in the North to Mehrauli- Badarpur road in the south and from river Yamuna in the East to Ridge Road or Gurgaon road in the west. Although a number of sewage pumping stations exist in

the command area of this zone. The major pumping stations conveying sewage to Okhla STP are located at Ring Road, Kilokari, Andrewsganj, Pragati Vihar, Jasola, Batla House and Sarita Vihar.

Plate 1: Inlet of Okhla STP The treatment capacity of Okhla STP has been augmented from 12 MGD to 170 MGD during the period from 1937 to 2012. Unit wise details are given in Tables 11 to 15. Plates 2 to 5 shows photographs of Okhla STP.

Table 11: Unit Description of 12 MGD STP Treatment Unit Number Size/Dimension

Mechanical bar screen 2 Nos. 4.5 M x 2.1M Grit Chamber 2 Nos. 12.18 M x 16.0 M Water Depth:- 1.5 free Board:- 0.7 M Primary Clarifiers 1 No. Depth:- corner 3.35 M center:- 4.8 M Dia:- 50.0M Retention time: - 1.5 Hrs to 2.0 Hrs. Sludge production rate 50% to 60% Aeration Tank 2 Nos. Aeration tank volume:- 70.0 M x 24.0 6 Nos. M Aerator Aeration Capacity:- 12 MGD, HP 50 Secondary Clarifier 1 No. Depth:- 3.0 M Dia :- 25.5 M Retention Time:- 2 Hrs to 4 Hrs Raw Sludge Pump 4 Nos 200 LPS, 9 Mtr. Head House (50 HP) Return Pump House 4 Nos. 200 LPS, 9 Mtr Head

Treatment Unit Number Size/Dimension

(50 HP) Sludge digester 2 Nos. Capacity: - 36 lac Cub. Feet Dia :- 32.0 M, Height :- 8.0 M Gas Holder 1 No. Capacity:- 1.7 Lac cub feet Dia :- 30.0 M Height :– 8.0 M Sludge Drying Bed 70 Nos. Area :- 30.5 M x 30.5 M Depth :- 1.20 M

Table 12: Unit description of 37 MGD STP (a) 15 MGD + (b) 22 MGD Treatment Unit Number Size/Dimension

Automatic fine (a) 2 Nos. (a) 4.5 M x 0.76 M bar screen (b) 2 Nos. (b) 4.6 M x 0.9 M Grit Chamber (a) 2 Nos. (a) 7.0 M x 7.0 M Water Depth:- 1.4, free Board:- 0.8 M (b) 2 Nos. (b) 10.6 M x 10.6 M Water Depth:- 4.5, Primary (a) 15 MGD: 1No. (a) Depth:- 3.35 M, center:- 4.8 M Clarifiers Dia :- 25.0 M (b)11 MGD: 2Nos. (b) Dia :- 21.0 M Depth :- 3.1 M Retention Time:- 1.5 Hrs. to 2.0 Hrs Sludge production rate:- 50% to 60 % Aeration Tank 1 Nos. Aeration tank volume:- 118.0 M x 30.0 17 Nos. Aerator M Aeration Capacity :- 37 MGD, 50 HP Secondary 37 MGD: 4 No. Depth :- 3.4 M Clarifier Center :- 4.8 M Dia :- 23.5 M Retention Time: - 2 Hrs. to 4 Hrs

Raw Sludge 4 Set LPS Head Pump House 3x50 HP 1x40 HP Return Pump 4 Set LPS Head House 1x50 HP

Treatment Unit Number Size/Dimension

3x40 HP Sludge digester 16 Nos. Capacity: - 36 Lac Cub. Feet Connected with Dia :- 32.0 M, 45, 12 & 37 MGD Height :- 8.0 M Gas Holder 5 No. Capacity:- 10 Lac cub feet Connected with Dia :- 32.0 M 45, 12 & 37 MGD Height :– 8.0 M Sludge Drying 49 Nos. Area :- 30.5 M x 30.50 M Bed Connected with Depth :- 1.20 M 45, 12 & 37 MGD

Table 13: Unit Description of 45 MGD STP (a) 30 MGD (b) 15 MGD Treatment Unit Number Size/Dimension

(a) Mechanical Bar (a) 1 No. (a) 4.5 M x 2.0 M Screen (b) 1 No. (b) 3.9 M x 2.0 M (b) Automatic fine bar screen Grit Chamber 2 Nos. 12.0 M x 14.5 M Water Depth:- 0.82 M free Board:- 0.54 M Primary Clarifiers (a) 15 MGD: 2 (a) Dia :- 28.8 M Nos. Depth :- 2.7 M, Center Depth:- 3.0 M (b) Dia :- 26.4 M, Depth :- 4.6 M (b) 15 MGD: 1 No. Center Depth:- 6.7 M Retention Time:- 1.5 Hrs. to 2.0 Hrs Sludge production rate:- 50% to 60 % Aeration Tank 1 Nos. Aeration tank volume:- 75.0 M x 25 Nos. Aerator 42.0 M Aeration Capacity :- 45 MGD, 50 HPFree Board :- 0.5 M Secondary Clarifier 4 No. Dia :- 27.6 M Water Depth :- 4.0 MWater

Treatment Unit Number Size/Dimension

Center :- 7.0 M Retention Time: - 2 Hrs. to 4 Hrs. Sludge production rate:- Raw Sludge Pump 4 Set 200 LPS, 9 Mtr. Head, House (1x40HP) (3x50HP) Return Pump House 3 Set 200 LPS, 9 Mtr Head, (50 HP) Sludge digester 16 Nos. Dia :- 32.0 M, Connected with 45, Capacity: - 36 Lac Cub. Feet 12 & 37 MGD Height :- 8.0 M

Gas Holder 5 No. Dia :- 28.0 M Connected with 45, Capacity:- 10 Lac cub feet 12 & 37 MGD Height :– 8.0 M Sludge Drying Bed 49 Nos. Area :- 30.5 M x 30.50 M Connected with 45, Depth :- 1.20 M 12 & 37 MGD

Table 14: Unit Description of 30 MGD (Old) STP Treatment Number Size/Dimension Unit Automatic fine bar 2 Nos. 6.0 M x 1.5 M screen Grit Chamber 2 Nos. 20.0 M x 14.2 M Water Depth:- 1.4 M free Board:- 0.5 M Primary Clarifiers (a) 18 MGD: 1Nos. (a) 8.8 M x9.0 M, Water Depth :- 11.28 M Free Board :- 0.61 M (b) 12 MGD: 1 No. (b) Dia :- 26.7 M, Water Depth Corner :- 3.0 M Center Depth :- 5.48 M Retention Time:- 1.5 Hrs. to 2.0 Hrs Sludge production rate:- 50% to 60 % Aeration Tank 28 Nos. Aeration tank volume:- 37.0 M x 9.3 108 Nos. Aerator M Aeration Capacity:- 30 MGD, 40 HP

Secondary Clarifier (a) 18 MGD- 1 (a) 8.7 M x 9.2 M Nos. Depth :- 11.28 M Free Board:- 0.91 M (b) Dia :- 25.8 M (b) 12 MGD – 1 No. Water Depth Corner:- 4.9 M Center :- 7.0 M Retention time:- 2 Hrs. to 4 Hrs. Raw Sludge Pump 2 Set 51.67 LPS, 20 Mtr. Head House (40 HP) Return Pump House 4 Set 315 LPS, 9 Mtr Head (50 HP) Sludge digester 6 Nos. Dia :- 32.0 M, Capacity: - 36 Lac Cub. Feet Height :- 8.0 M Gas Holder 2 Nos. Capacity:- 10 Lac cub feet Sludge Drying Bed 60 Nos. Area :- 30.5 M x 30.50 M Depth :- 1.20 M

Table 15: Unit Description of 16 MGD STP

Treatment Unit Number Size/Dimension

Mechanical bar screen 2 Nos. 2.5 M x 1.5 M Grit Chamber 2 Nos. 9.5 M x 9.5 M Water Depth:- 1.5 M Primary Clarifiers 2 Nos. Dia :- 42.0 M Depth :- 3.5 M Center Depth :- 5.0 M Retention time: - 1.5 Hrs to 2.0 Hrs. Sludge production rate:- 50% to 60% Aeration Tank 1 No. Aeration tank volume:- 88.0 M x 70.50 20 Nos. Aerator M Aeration Capacity :- 16 MGD, HP- 40 Secondary Clarifier 2 Nos. Dia :- 42.0 M Depth :- 3.5 M Center Depth :- 5.0 M Retention Time :- 2 Hrs to 4 Hrs

Raw Sludge Pump 3 Sets. LPS, Head House (30 HP) Return Pump House (30 4 Sets. LPS, Head HP) Sludge digester 6 Nos. Capacity: - 36.0 Lac Cub. Feet Gas Holder 2 Nos. Capacity:- 10.0 Lac cub feet Sludge Drying Bed 10 Nos. Area :- 30.5 M x 30.5 M Depth :- 1.20 M

Plates 2 and 3 shows broken weirs of secondary settling tank

Plates 4 and 5 shows sludge in outlet of 30 MGD unit

Samples of Inlet, Aeration tank and Outlet of Okhla STP are taken on 12/11/12 and results are presented in Table 16 Table 16: Analytical results of Okhla STP Name of Installed Present COD (mg/l) TSS (mg/l) MLSS Sewage Capacity Utilization (mg/l) Treatment (MGD) (MGD) Inlet Outlet Inlet Outlet Aeration Plant tank Okhla 30 135 420 158 247 38 3108 Phase -I

Okhla 12 420 99 247 31 1574 Phase-II Okhla 37 420 152 247 56 986 Phase-III Okhla 45 420 143 247 52 520 Phase-IV Okhla 16 420 87 247 23 712 Phase-V Okhla 30 449 87 320 25 1817 Phase-VI

Above table indicates that biomass growth in Okhla Phase III, IV and V unit is not adequate for optimum treatment of wastewater thereby impacting the quality of final treated effluent with respect to BOD and TSS.

During inspection following observations were made:

 At 45 MGD STP, out of 32 aerators 7 aerators were not working and in 37 MGD STP, 7 aerators out of 32 were not in existence.  MLSS in aeration tank of 37 MGD plant was inadequate due to improper recirculation of secondary sludge.  MLSS growth in 16 MGD plant was adequate.  Heavy sludge was observed in outlet of 30 MGD (phase VI) STP.  Biogas produced from sludge digesters of STPs Phase (I, II, II, IV and V) were supply to staff quarters whereas digester of 30 MGD plant was operational and biogas generated was utilized by Generator set.  Utilization of treated sewage are described below: . 20 MGD - CPWD horticulture . 10 MGD - Jaitpur village for Irrigation . 2 MGD - CRRI . 5MGD - In house gardening . 2 MLD - Waste to energy plant . Remaining 98 MGD - Agra canal

2. Keshopur STP: Keshopur Sewage treatment plant having a capacity of 72 MGD comprises of three Units viz 12 MGD Phase I, 20 MGD Phase II, 40 MGD Phase III. Phase I STP with 12 MGD treatment capacity was commissioned in 1956 and abandoned about 16 year back in 1996 and is in the stage of dismantling; only civil structures are standing. However actual utilization was 50 MGD as informed by DJB. Plates 6 to 9 shows condition of Keshopur STP.

Plate 6: MLSS growth of 12 MGD Phase –I plant Plate 7: Image depicts huge foaming at the outlet of 12 MGD Phase I plant

Plate 8: Image depicts condition of weirs of Secondary settling tank Plate 9: Sludge was observed at Secondary settling tank of 40 of 40 MGD Phase –III plant MGD Phase –III plant

The new 12 MGD unit constructed by M/s Va-Tech Wabag Ltd was commissioned on 01/03/2012. The 20 MGD Phase II and 40 MGD Phase III units were under rehabilitation and commissioned on 23/07/2012 and 22/10/2012 respectively. Sewage is conveyed from 3 main trunk sewers namely West Delhi, Jail Road and Raily Wing trunk sewer. Keshopur STP receives sewage from Patel Nagar, Naraina, Moti Nagar, Rajouri Garden, Janakpuri, Vikaspuri including Cantonment area. Samples of Inlet, Aeration tank and Outlet are taken on 16/11/12 and results are presented in table 17 Table 17: Analytical results of Keshopur STP Name of Installed Present BOD (mg/l) COD (mg/l) TSS (mg/l) MLSS Sewage Capacity Utilization (mg/l) Treatment (MGD) (MGD) Inlet Outlet Inlet Outlet Inlet Outlet Aeration Plant tank Keshopur 12 50 200 27 596 115 738 47 3053 Phase-I *

Keshopur 20 124 109 320 261 322 127 2098 Phase-II * Keshopur 40 223 84 489 267 29 124 162 Phase-III *

Above table indicate that biomass growth in Keshopur Phase-II and III unit is not sufficient for the treatment of wastewater thereby impacting the performance of the STP as indicated by high values of BOD, COD and TSS which exceed the desired standard.

During inspection following observations were made:

 12 MGD plant was fully operational and receiving 12 MGD of influent from Jail road trunk sewer. During inspection, plant was found operational.  DO meters have been installed in aeration tank whereas during inspection only 01 DO meter was operational and showed DO 1.69 mg/l.  Meters to measure MLSS installed at the outlet of aeration tank in 12 MGD plant showed MLSS as 2660 mg/l.  Foaming was observed in Secondary settling tank and outlet of 12 MGD plant which may due to shock loading.  Septic condition and floating sludge was observed in Secondary settling tank of 20 and 40 MGD phase III tank.  Electrical bills provided by Delhi Jal Board for last three years indicate that electricity consumption increased over the period of last two year and trend was plotted in Figure 14. However, during the period of rehabilitation, electricity consumption was also on higher side.

1400000 1200000 1000000 800000 600000 400000 200000 0

Units

Figure 14: Graphical presentation of Electricity consumptions

3. Rithala STP: Rithala Sewage treatment plant has a total capacity of 80 MGD consisting of two STPs viz 40 MGD each whereas actual utilization was 53 MGD as informed by DJB. Rithala STP receives sewage from Karol Bagh, Ashok vihar, Pitampura, Shalimar Bagh, Rohini, Rani Bagh, Saraswarti vihar and Mangolpuri etc. This zone lies in north-west part of Delhi. 40 MGD phase I plant receives 13 MGD sewage whereas the 40 MGD phase II plants receive about 30 MGD of sewage. 40 MGD phase II is constructed and maintained by M/s Degramont. Plates 10 to 15 show picture of Rithala STP.

Plate 10: Non-operational Inlet of 40 MGD phase-II Plate 11: Scum and grit floating in Grit Chamber

Plate 12 depicts MLSS in aeration tank of 40 MGD phase-II Plate 13: Secondary Settling tank of 40 MGD phase-II

Plates 14 and 15 depicts mammoth foaming at the outlet of 40 MGD phase II plant Samples of Inlet, Aeration tank and Outlet are taken on 03/11/12 and results are presented in Table-18. Name of Installed Present BOD (mg/l) COD (mg/l) TSS (mg/l) MLSS Sewage Capacity Utilization (mg/l) Treatment (MGD) (MGD) Inlet Outlet Inlet Outlet Inlet Outlet Aeration Plant tank Rithala-I 40 45 143 6 392 27 307 17 -

Rithala-II 40 143 6 392 20 307 28 1464

Above table indicate that biomass growth in Rithala STP is not adequate for the treatment of wastewater thereby impacting the quality at the outlet of STP as BOD and TSS are just meeting the standard because plant is under loading.

During inspection following observations were made:

 Screening unit of the 40 MGD phase II plant was non-operational due to non-availability of sewage.  Floating Scum, debris and grit was observed at the grit chamber.  During inspection, it was observed that biomass growth (MLSS) in aeration tank was not adequate for optimum treatment of sewage. Sample taken from aeration tank depicts the same.  Mammoth foaming was observed at outlet of biofar tank as evident from Figures 14 and 15 above.  Sludge is conveyed to sludge digester where biogas is produced and used for generating electricity.  As informed, 20 MGD of treated sewage is used by PPCIL power plant and remaining 25 MGD is disposed to Supplementary drain.

4. Kondli STP: Kondli and Chilla STP were inspected with Sh A K Ganguly Amicus Curiae to assess the performance of treatment plants on 23rd November, 2012. Kondli STP is located in East Delhi, which is surrounded by residential areas and commercial complexes. The Kondli STP is divided in 3 units - phase I (10 MGD), II & III (10+25 MGD). The total installed capacity at Kondli is 45 MGD of sewage treatment as against the actual utilization of 53 MGD. Sewage is conveyed through Jagrati Enclave, Kalyanpuri, Dallupura, Mansarovar, Ram Nagar and Kondli SPS’s from areas such as Kailash Nagar, East End Enclave, Jagarti Enclave, Anand Vihar, Mayur Vihar-I & II. Plates 16 to 19 show the status of Kondli STP.

Plate 16: Depicts condition of Inlet of 10 MGD phase I Plate 17: Depicts Biomass of aeration tank of 10 MGD plant phase I plant

Plates 18 and 19: Depicts corroded weir and launder of secondary settling tank of 10 MGD phase II plant Samples of Inlet, Aeration tank and Outlet are taken on 16/11/12 and results are presented in Table-19. Table-19: Analytical results of Keshopur STP Name of Installed Present BOD (mg/l) COD (mg/l) TSS (mg/l) MLSS Sewage Capacity Utilization (mg/l) Treatment (MGD) (MGD) Inlet Outlet Inlet Outlet Inlet Outlet Aeration Plant tank Kondli 10 53 56 31 160 130 68 50 1921 Phase-I Kondli 25 202 27 422 74 1075 114 3870 Phase-II Kondli 10 202 24 422 106 1075 63 1101 Phase-III

Above table indicates that biomass growth in Kondli Phase-I and III units is not sufficient for the treatment of wastewater thereby impacting the quality at the outlet of STP as BODand TSS are not meeting the desired standard. MLSS in Kondli phase-II is more than the desired limit as it can upset the F/M ratio.

During inspection following observations were made:

 Sh. A K Ganguly, Amicus Curiae pointed out poor maintenance of STP and clearly stating that plant is non-functional. Sh. Ganguly also mentioned that sewage is conveyed through SPS without utilizing sewage from Shahdara drain.  Primary settling unit of 10 MGD phase I plant was non-operational due to non- availability of sewage at the inlet unit.  Floating Scum, debris and grit was observed at the grit chamber.

 During inspection, it was observed that biomass growth in aeration tank was not adequate for optimum treatment of sewage. Sample was also taken from aeration tank and it indicates the same.  The secondary settling tank was not working satisfactorily as septic conditions were observed in settling tanks and weir/launder was found corroded.  Sludge is conveyed to sludge drying beds. Sludge disposed unaesthetically as seen in plate 20. The sludge drying beds are poorly maintained.  Bio digesters installed are non- opertional and sludge is directly treated only in sludge drying bed.  New 20 MGD plant is under construction and is likely to be commissioned by March, 2013. Plate 20: Sludge drying bed  Treated sewage is disposed to Shahdhara drain.

5. Chilla STP: STP of 9 MGD capacity is under construction near Shahdhara drain at Chilla regulator. After commissioning of plant, sewage will be collected from Khichripur drain and Kalayanpuri drain. Plant is based on Sequential Batch Reactor (SBR) technology and designed to treat the effluent upto 10 mg/l of BOD and SS at the outlet. Plant will be commissioned by July, 2013. Plates 21 and 22 indicates the construction phase of the said STP.

Plate 21 and 22 depicts construction work of Chilla STP

6. Wazirabad and Okhla water works: Inspection of Wazirabad and Okhla water works was conducted with Sh. Abhinav representing Sh. Ranjit Kumar Amicus Curiae to assess the state of river Yamuna both upstream and downstream Delhi. Plates 23 and 24 show river Yamuna at Wazirabad and Okhla.

Plate 23: River Yamuna at Wazirabad Barrage Plate 24: River Yamuna at Okhla Barrage

7. Najafgarh, Shahdhara and Supplementary Drain: Najafgarh, Shahdhara and Supplementary drain are major drains contributing more than 80 % of the pollution load to river Yamuna. Inspection of these drains was also carried out with Sh. Abhinav representing Sh. Ranjit Kumar Amicus Curiae. Plates 25 and 26 shows the Najafgarh drain, Supplementary at confluence point with Najafgarh drain.

Plate 25: Najafgarh drain Plate 26: Confluence of Supplementary and Najafgarh drain

6.1 Major observations of the STPs inspected by CPCBs team

1. Yamuna Vihar STP: Yamuna Vihar has total installed capacity of 20 MGD and is operating at full capacity. The treatment plant situated in the east of Delhi in Shahdara Area has 02 units of 10 MGD each. The first 10 MGD unit was commissioned in October 1998 and another 10 MGD plant in 2002. The catchment area of this plant includes Yamuna Vihar sewage pumping station and Zafarabad pumping station which collect sewage from colonies namely Kabool Nagar, Naveen Shahdara, Rohtash Nagar, Gorakh Park, Babapur, Dwarka Puri etc.

Performance of the treatment plant was satisfactory, however the operating manpower needs to upgrade their skills for operation and maintenance of the treatment plant. Biogas generated from sludge digesters are flared and treated wastewater discharged directly to river Yamuna. Samples of Inlet, Aeration tank and Outlet are taken on 02/11/12 and results are presented in Table-20 Table 20: Analytical results of Yamuna Vihar STP Name of Installed Present BOD (mg/l) COD (mg/l) TSS (mg/l) MLSS Sewage Capacity Utilization (mg/l) Treatment (MGD) (MGD) Inlet Outlet Inlet Outlet Inlet Outlet Aeration Plant tank Yamuna 10 20 242 16 508 47 263 39 2742 Vihar Phase –I Yamuna 10 214 14 512 62 217 30 2470 Vihar-II

Above table indicates that the effluent quality of STP is meeting the desired standards. Biomass growth is also within the desirable range thereby showing satisfying results at the outlet of STP

2. Sen Nursing Home STP: Sen Nursing Home STP having installed capacity of 2.2 MGD (10 MLD) is located adjacent to Indraprastha Metro Station. Sewage from Sen Nursing Home drain is taken (having flow of about 66 MLD) and treated sewage is utilized by M/s PPCIL. The plant is based on Bio-far Densadeg which is patented technology of M/s Degramont Ltd (agency for operation and maintenance). Performance of said plant is satisfactory, however plant capacity needs to be augmented. Plates 27 and 28 depict Sen Nursing Home STP. Analysis results of samples of Inlet, Aeration tank and Outlet taken on 02/11/12 are presented in Table 21

Table-21: Analytical results of Sen Nursing Home STP Name of Installed Present BOD (mg/l) COD (mg/l) TSS (mg/l) MLSS Sewage Capacity Utilization (mg/l) Treatment (MGD) (MGD) Inlet Outlet Inlet Outlet Inlet Outlet Aeration Plant tank Dr. Sen 2.2 2.2 495 3 1167 66 640 14 - Nursing Home Nalla

Above table indicates effluent quality of STP is meeting the desired standards.

Plate 27: Biofar Stage –I Plate 28: Bio-far stage - II

3. Delhi Gate STP: Delhi Gate STP with installed capacity of 2.2 MGD (10 MLD) and located near Delhi Secretariat was constructed in 1998. Sewage from Delhi Gate drain is taken directly (having flow of about 222 MLD) and treated sewage is utilized by M/s PPCIL. Plant is based on Bio-far Densadeg which is patented technology of M/s Degramont Ltd (agency for operation and maintenance). Performance of said plant is satisfactory, however plant capacity needs to be augmented. As informed by DJB, another STP of 15 MGD capacity is proposed on this drain. Analysis results of samples of Inlet, Aeration tank and Outlet taken on 02/11/12 are presented in Table-22.

Table 22: Analytical results of Delhi Gate STP Name of Installed Present BOD (mg/l) COD (mg/l) TSS (mg/l) MLSS Sewage Capacity Utilization (mg/l) Treatment (MGD) (MGD) Inlet Outlet Inlet Outlet Inlet Outlet Aeration Plant tank Dr. Delhi 2.2 2.2 315 4 944 27 280 20 - Gate STP

Above table indicates effluent quality of STP is meeting the desired standards.

4. Rohini STP: Rohni STP constructed in 2002 having installed capacity of 15 MGD is located in Rohini Sector-25. During inspection, it was observed that the plant is not fully commissioned and the firm is being pursued for commissioning.

5. Ghetorni STP: Ghetorni STP is non-operational since the time of construction.

6. Coronation Pillar STP: The first unit of 10 MGD Coronation STP based on Trickling filter technology was constructed in 1957. Second phase of 20 MGD unit was constructed in 1999 and thereafter phase-III was constructed in 2000. Presently, 10 MGD phase-I is under rehabilitation whereas remaining STP is receiving 17 MGD of wastewater. Nehru Vihar SPS of 26 MGD capacity and Model town SPS of 4 MGD capacity is linked with said the STP which receives sewage from Shakti Nagar, Mukherjee Nagar, Model Town, Jahangir Puri, Adarsh Nagar etc. During visit, plant was operational and back flow was observed at final outlet. Results of samples of Inlet, Aeration tank and Outlet taken on 02/11/12 are presented in Table 23. Table-23: Analytical results of Coronation Pillar STP Name of Installed Present BOD (mg/l) COD (mg/l) TSS (mg/l) MLSS Sewage Capacity Utilization (mg/l) Treatment (MGD) (MGD) Inlet Outlet Inlet Outlet Inlet Outlet Aeration Plant tank Coronation 10+10 17 143 6 460 13 420 34 811 Pillar Phase-II

Coronation 10 411 35 1496 124 1902 70 3258 Pillar Phase-III

Above table indicates that biomass growth in Coronation pillar unit is not adequate for the treatment of wastewater thereby impacting the quality at the outlet of STP as BOD level is not meeting the desired standard.

7. Narela STP: Narela STP having installed capacity of 10 MGD constructed in 2001 is located near NH-1 whereas actual utilization is 2.6 MGD. Results of samples of Inlet, Aeration tank and Outlet taken on 02/11/12 are presented in Table 24. Table-24: Analytical results of Narela STP Name of Installed Present BOD (mg/l) COD (mg/l) TSS (mg/l) MLSS Sewage Capacity Utilization (mg/l) Treatment (MGD) (MGD) Inlet Outlet Inlet Outlet Inlet Outlet Aeration Plant tank Narela 10 2.6 117 7 397 34 398 17 1833

Above table indicates that biomass growth in Narela unit is not adequate for the treatment of wastewater however, BOD, TSS and COD are meeting the desired standard because plant is not utilized at optimum capacity.

8. Vasant Kunj STP: Vasant Kunj STP is based on Extended Aeration technology and Phase-I and Phase II was constructed in 1982 and 1997 respectively. Total installed capacity is 5 MGD as against the actual utilization of 4.5 MGD. Treated wastewater is used for horticulture, in Hauz khas lake by DDA. Results of samples of Inlet, Aeration tank and Outlet taken on 05/11/12 are presented in Table 25. Table-25: Analytical results of Vasant Kunj STP Name of Installed Present BOD (mg/l) COD (mg/l) TSS (mg/l) MLSS Sewage Capacity Utilization (mg/l) Treatment (MGD) (MGD) Inlet Outlet Inlet Outlet Inlet Outlet Aeration Plant tank Vasant Kunj 2 4.5 153 29 567 59 441 32 2876 Phase-I

Vasant Kunj 3 159 25 427 78 285 25 5039 Phase-II

Above table indicate that biomass growth MLSS is more than the desired limit as it can upset the F/M ratio however, BOD, TSS and COD are just meeting the desired standard as plant is not utilized at optimum capacity.

9. Nilothi STP: Nilothi STP constructed in 2002 is having installed capacity of 40 MGD as against the actual utilization of 10 MGD. Results of samples of Inlet, Aeration tank and Outlet taken on 16/11/12 are presented in Table 26.

Table-26: Analytical results of Nilothi STP Name of Installed Present BOD (mg/l) COD (mg/l) TSS (mg/l) MLSS Sewage Capacity Utilization (mg/l) Treatment (MGD) (MGD) Inlet Outlet Inlet Outlet Inlet Outlet Aeration Plant tank Nilothi 40 10 164 20 459 66 277 29 1833

Above table indicates that biomass growth MLSS is below the desired limit however BOD, TSS and COD are just meeting the desired standard as plant is not utilized at optimum capacity.

10. Najafgarh and Papankalan STP: Papankalan STP was constructed on 2000 with installed capacity of 20 MGD as against the actual utilization of 8 MGD. The unit is located near Sector16-D, Dwarka. Najafgarh STP constructed in 2002 has installed capacity of 5 MGD as against the utilization of only 0.2 MGD. Results of samples of Inlet, Aeration tank and Outlet taken on 6/11/12 are presented in table 27. Table-27: Analytical results of Coronation Pillar STP Name of Installed Present BOD (mg/l) COD (mg/l) TSS (mg/l) MLSS Sewage Capacity Utilization (mg/l) Treatment (MGD) (MGD) Inlet Outlet Inlet Outlet Inlet Outlet Aeration Plant tank Papankalan 20 8 122 71 555 231 425 129 1271 Najafgarh 5 0.2 121 26 360 92 192 34 726

Above table indicates that MLSS is not adequate for the optimum treatment of sewage thereby impacting the quality of final treated effluent with respect to BOD and TSS as plant is not utilized at optimum capacity.

7.0 MAJOR FINDINGS

1. For major part of the year River Yamuna does not flow downstream of Wazirabad Barrage as all the river water upstream of the Wazirabad Barrage is ponded for meeting the needs of drinking water supply in Delhi. River Yamuna flows after confluence of Najfgarh drain downstream of Wazirabad Barrage. 2. Wastewater quality of Najafgarh drain over the last 8 years shows steady trend indicating that the flow and BOD load does not indicate any substantial variation over the years. However the wastewater does not meet the prescribed standard with respect to one or the other criteria pollutant. 3. Najafgarh drain, Sen Nursing Home, Delhi Gate, Barapulla and Tughlakabad drain contributes 91 % of the total BOD load being discharged to river Yamuna.

4. The total installed sewage treatment capacity in Delhi is 2460 MLD as against the sewage generation of about 3800 MLD. It is pertinent to mention that utilization of the installed capacity is only 63 % in absence of adequate conveyance system. 5. Najafgarh drain discharges about 2064 MLD of wastewater to river Yamuna. Out of the 2064 MLD wastewater discharged only 629 MLD (30 %) is treated in the STPs installed having a total treatment capacity 1305 MLD (63 %). It clearly indicates that substantial quantity of waste i.e 1435 MLD remains untreated. Even the treated sewage from STPs discharged into the Najafgarh Drain is mixed with untreated sewage thereby defeating the very purpose of treatment. 6. Performance of some of the existing Sewage Treatment Plants and Common effluent Treatment Plants is not satisfactory as these are not meeting with the prescribed standards with respect to one or the other criteria pollutant.

In view of above facts and water quality trend of river Yamuna (Wazirabad d/s) over the last 08 years it can be said that water quality of river Yamuna does not meet the prescribed standard with respect to one or the other parameter i.e BOD and Dissolved Oxygen.

8.0 ISSUES REQUIRING ATTENTION  The sewage generation in Delhi is 3800MLD as against the treatment capacity of 2460 MLD while the cumulative inflow at the STPs is around 1558 MLD only. Thus in effect (3800-1558 =2242) 2242 MLD of untreated sewage is discharged into river Yamuna.

 Whereas infrastructure for treatment of sewage (STPs) exists for 2460 MLD, the sewage reaching the STPs is far less i.e 1558 MLD which can be attributed to settlement of sewers, non operation of sewage pumping stations, overflow from sewers into storm water drains. There is an urgent need to segregate the sewage flow from entering into storm water drains and laying of sewers in unauthorized colonies. The storm water drain be left to carry storm water only.

 Though various funding agencies are providing support for setting up of STPs and sewerage facilities in Delhi, infrastructure has not been developed to showcase the visible improvement in delivery of sewage to sewage treatment plants and quality of treated sewage to acceptable levels. The trunk sewers are reported to be considerably silted, and need to be desilted, repaired and renovated, whereever required, to restore their capacity in a time bound manner. Efficiency of STPs and Sewage Pumping Stations may be verified (as many of them are several years old) to ascertain to actual quantity of sewage pumped and reaching the STPs, as the inflows are based on rated capacity of pumping.

 The renovation/rehabilitation of STPs at Keshopur has been completed at a cost of about Rs.150 crore and should have showcased example of design parameters of 10mg/l BOD and 10 mg/l TSS. The performance of the STP has disappointed the visiting committee constituted for assessing the operation and maintenance of STPs as the plant is not meeting the operating parameters as well as the effluent quality.

 The operation and maintenance of some of the STPs have been entrusted to the contractor of STPs but ignorance of the staff deployed by the contractor in management of sewage treatment practices and basics of operation of various stages of treatment processes is impacting the performance of STPs.

 The treated sewage in some of the STPs meets the standards. Possibility of its use need to be explored as disposal of the treated waste along with the untreated sewage in drains defeats the very purpose of treatment and expenditure incurred thereon.

 Proper maintenance of electrical and mechanical components in STPs is not taken care of due to funds constraints. New plants are being proposed without proper planning to receive the sewage for optimal operation of STPs.

 Whereas the projects for laying of interceptor sewer along 03 major drains falling in river Yamuna has been taken up for implementation i.e. Najafgarh drain, Supplementary drain and Shahdara drain in six packages and likely to be functional by 2014. The rehabilitation of existing silted and settled trunk sewers, coupled with comprehensive planning for augmentation of sewage treatment capacity is lacking.

 Whereas the minimum flow of fresh water in river Yamuna downstream of Wazirabad is equally essential for rejuvenation of the river in Delhi territory. The required minimum flow of fresh water in the river Yamuna may be possible after restoration and maintenance of Wetland in entire territory.

 Whereas re-use of treated waste water to meet the demand of power plants, construction industry, Delhi Metro, Railways, Automobile workshops and DTC depots for cleaning of vehicles need to be explored alongwith meeting water requirement of horticulture, parks and irrigation in cultivable land. The maximum re-use of treated waste water will contribute in less abstraction of water from river Yamuna and controlled explotation of ground water.

 Whereas the projected sewage generation by 2021 shall be about 4500 MLD, thus there is urgent need for planning to augment the sewage treatment capacity by 2000 MLD from 2460 MLD during the period of 10 years.

9.0 ISSUES GOVERNING WITH DELHI JAL BOARD

9.1 Multiplicity of Civic Agencies in Delhi

The National Capital Territory of Delhi is governed by a number of agencies in respect of water supply and Waste Water Management viz. Govt. of Delhi comprising of Department of Urban Development and Delhi, Land & Development Organization, NDMC, Delhi Jal Board, Delhi Cantonment Board, Municipal Corporation of East, North and South, Flood & Irrigation Department, DSIDC, Slum & Rehabilitation Deptt. The responsibility of water supply in the National capital lies with Delhi Jal Board. The responsibility of laying down of sewerage system, collection of sewage and its treatment in organized and approved residential colonies also lies with Delhi Jal Board. The approved colonies, urban villages and rural areas are being governed by various departments for providing infrastructure facilities including sewerage. The Hon’ble Supreme Court has ordered Delhi Jal Board to take the responsibility of collection of sewage from unauthorized colonies including urban villages and other areas which are generating municipal waste water. The New Delhi Municipal Committee (NDMC) and Delhi Cantonment Board are facilitating all developmental activities including providing sewerage facilities within their jurisdiction and linking it with the sewerage system of Delhi Jal Board. As per the estimate provided by Delhi Govt. including Delhi Jal Board about 45% population is not covered with the sewerage facilities and there is no provision as on date for collection and treatment of the sewage generated in these areas.

9.2 Stake Holder Civic Agencies

1. Delhi Jal Board Governing urban Delhi On account of partial treatment from some of the STPs and direct flow of sewage into drains from un-sewered areas and overflows from existing sewer system into surface drains; the river is rendered as an open sewer in Delhi stretch downstream of Wazirabad barrage till Okhla barrage, which is by far the most polluted segment of the river.

2. Rural Delhi The sewerage system is non existent in most of the rural areas. In absence of any laid down collection system the sewage generated in rural households is either treated in septic tanks constructed by individuals or discharged to drain without any treatment, which ultimately joins the river thereby further increasing the pollution load in river Yamuna.

3. Slum and JJ Cluster Wastewater generated in slum and JJ clusters is not taken care of due to non availability of space for laying of sewer lines and over densification of JJ Clusters’s thus the untreated sewage from these areas is disposed in the drains.

4. New Delhi Municipal Council (NDMC) About 200 MLD of sewage is generated in NDMC area, the responsibility of treatment and disposal of the same lies with DJB. The Sewerage System including Sewage Pumping Stations are operated and maintained by NDMC. Most of the sewers in NDMC area are old brick sewers and settlements are occasionally observed both on brick sewers as well as RCC sewers.

5. Delhi Cantonment Board (DCB) DCB generates about 50 MLD sewage and the responsibility of treatment and disposal of the same lies with DJB.Sewage is being disposed off in the central sewerage line along the station road going to Keshopur STP.

6. Special Provisions Relating to NDMC, DCB and MES Acts DJB (Erstwhile Delhi Water Supply and Sewage Disposal Undertaking) is supplying water to the NDMC and DCB, MES areas. The Board is bound to receive in bulk all sewerage from these bodies for treatment and disposal.

10.0 WHAT NEEDS TO BE DONE

 Programmes need to be formulated for collection of flood waters of river Yamuna for recharging of ground water as well as filling up of all water bodies and deep depressions in Delhi. Excess water available in river Yamuna during monsoon should be impounded in the river bed pondages for charging of the river bed area augmenting the flow in the river during low flow season. The Ground Water recharge has been greatly affected by concretization of the open spaces and footpaths. Some policy and planning system need to be evolved to check the present trend of concretizing the available open space and space along foot paths and drains. Rain water harvesting programme should be promoted with construction of more surface water bodies/underground tanks and by providing incentives and involvement of all citizens, NGOs, CSOs with effective IEC programmes.  Adequate funds should be provided for effective maintenance of urban infrastructure already in existence. Our cities need to be exempted from all time common categorical cap of poor maintenance.  The sewage gas obtained from the sludge digesters should be utilized to generate power to tide over the power shortage and also as a measure of abatement of air pollution.

 Utilisation of treated sewage effluent for gardening and agricultural be ensured so that irrigation demand is met from treated effluents.  The design capacity of CETPs needs to be optimally utilized and the conveyance system needs to be checked for full capacity utilization.  A suitable methodology needs to be worked out for scientific disposal of sludge (rich in chemicals, heavy metals etc.) from these CETPs.  Un-interrupted power supply at STPs and SPSs is required for proper operation of sewage treatment plants and pumping of sewage.  Arrangements will have to be made to ensure that no sewage is discharged into storm water drains. Entire sewer network system needs to be maintained with zero failure so as to achieve the said target. Environmental sustainable urbanization may be possible with integration of all major inputs, outcome and policy initiatives for the urbanization process. In the form of inputs, it require sewerage, sanitation facilities, recycling of waste water, with possible share of PPP modes, using land as leverage for market based strategies.  The urbanization process shall be implemented with the policy initiatives to make urban local bodies financially sound and capable decision making authorities with capacity to implement all civic improvement programmes. A massive push is needed to attract private investment in laying of sewerage system, sewage collection, treatment and recycling.  This policy initiative may be implemented under ‘4P’ Framework-People-Private-Public Partnership. The policy initiatives also need to shift focus towards outcome based Approach rather than focusing only on investments and asset creation. Policy initiative shall also promote participative process of planning that enable citizens to shape the cities they want.  New technologies may be adopted in place of conventional technologies in sewage collection and treatment.  Higher standards of treatment for sewage and use of treated sewage for all non-potable purposes should be explored.  Improper management of sewerage system and treatment of sewage can be attributed to low level of efficiency as well as lack of incentives for performance. Involvement of private sector can add efficiency and managerial capability in the management and treatment of sewage for which PPP approach shall be explored.  Supply of treated waste water at reasonable rate to the Construction Industry, Delhi Metro, Railways, DTC, Major Auto Workshops in Delhi may prove as a better check on unauthorized exploitation of ground water.  Although Revised Building By-laws in Delhi stipulate that all the buildings having a discharge of 10,000 liters or above per day shall incorporate Waste Water Recycling System but its implementation needs to be monitored through an efficient enforcement system.

 Taking into account gravitational and other locational aspects of various non-sewered habitats, de-centralised sewage treatment plants may be required for such habitats. However, commissioning of such STPs and laying of sewer lines in their command areas also need allotment of Land STPs and cooperation and support from the residents for laying of sewer lines in unplanned habitats.  Minimum flow of fresh water in Yamuna River downstream of the Wazirabad is equally essential for rejuvenation of river Yamuna in the NCT of Delhi.  Storage of flood water in Yamuna River Basin need to be explored for augmenting the raw water supply to Delhi during the lean period.

11.0 STRATEGY FOR MANAGEMENT OF SEWERAGE SYSTEM AND STPS

The population in Delhi increasing at a fast pace and expected to be about 230 lacs by 2031. The waste water generation will increase substantially with the growth of urban population and is likely to be in the range of 6000 MLD in 2031. Thus there is a need to have a comprehensive planning for strengthening of sewage management by amalgamating the efforts of all the civic agencies in Delhi.

11.1 Immediate and Short Term Measures  A co-ordination committee shall be constituted to monitor the progress of the various schemes, beside regularly reviewing the performance of the existing STPs, desilting of the sewers, trapping of drains etc.  The deficiencies in the existing STPs be identified and action taken within three months to rectify them.  The old STPs are designed to treat the effluent to BOD level of 30 mg/l, even discharge of treated effluent into drains would not improve the river water quality. DJB should prepare an action plan to augment the treatment capacity further to a level of BOD less than 10 mg/l.  The DJB should explore the possibility of resue/recycling of the treated effluent having BOD around 30 mg/l.  Explore the possibility to utilize treated waste water in industries as a promotional measure and wherever needed conditions may be enforced through legal provisions.  DSIDC and DPCC shall ensure that industrial units located in Delhi do not discharge their untreated effluent to drains and sewerage system.  Option of bioremediation of treated waste water to improve its quality further need to be examined.  Contractors assigned the responsibility of operation and maintenance of STPs on long term basis should maintain the system in accordance to terms of reference. Penalty clause should be invoked in case of non- compliance to conditions of TOR or MoU.

11.2 Sustainable and Medium Term Measures  Gap in existing Sewage treatment capacity should be bridged on priority in a phased manner while simultaneously considering the added requirement necessitated with the growth of city.  Comprehensive study should be carried out for restructuring of activities pertaining to collection and treatment of sewage to meet river water quality requirement keeping in view the non-perennial conditions of river Yamuna. The study should focus on suggesting a dedicated professional entity model.

11.3 Long Term Measures The ever increasing population of urban centres will not be feasible to cater through the public sector governed system and there seems a need of intervention by infusing the component of private sector participation so that investment can be arranged for management of Municipal wastewater. Major long term measures for the proper management are suggested below:

11.3.1 Regular interaction meeting of stake holders  Regular interaction meeting of stake holders to be organized for sorting out technical issues and prioritization of administrative decisions.  The commitment of stake holders viz. Municipal Corporation of North, South and East Delhi and DSIDC for taking effective steps to prevent disposal of domestic/industrial solid waste in drains as well as in river.  Regular training of staff deployed at STPs to enhance their skill and knowledge in operation and maintenance of sewage treatment plants for optimum performance to meet the requirement of regulatory standards.

11.3.2 Proposal for interception of other drains

The interceptor sewer project targets only three major drains viz. Nazafgarh drain, supplementary drain and Shahdara drain. There are other drains discharging significant volume of waste water to river Yamuna and a proposal for interception and diversion of these drains viz. Barapulla, Sen Nursing Home, Raj Ghat and Civil Mill drain needs to be worked out for diverting the waste water to STPs rather than discharging to River Yamuna. The Design of interceptor sewer is based on the minimum flow of the drains proposed to be trapped, however, it should cater to peak flow. The interceptor sewer project after completion will enhance the flow of sewage to the STPs beyond their design capacity. Therefore, there is a need to simultaneously augment the capacity of STPs installed in the catchment of interceptor sewer.

11.3.3 Bioremediation and Phycoremediation of Treated Sewage The existing STPs can achieve the level of BOD in the range of 10 to 30 mg/l and in absence of fresh water flowing river water will not meet the desired river water quality criteria of BOD as 3 mg/l. The quality of treated sewage can be further improved using bioremediation/ phycoremediation technologies which are cost prohibitive and does not require power or any major infrastructure. Even after the treatment of sewage to the optimum level of river water quality in term of BOD loading it is not meeting the norm for E-coli for which hardly any treatment is provided (except in the newly constructed STPs). The installation of disinfection unit in STPs wherever feasible be taken up and in other places use of bacteriophage for elimination of E-coli considered to make the treated sewage confirm to norms for E-coli.

11.3.4 Insitu Aeration of Drains and River Water

The quality of treated sewage discharged in the drains can be improved by insitu aeration till such time all the drains are trapped and no untreated or treated sewage is discharged in the drains to avoid anaerobic conditions. The river segment devoid of dissolved oxygen can be considered for floating aeration systems to maintain the level of dissolved oxygen and prevent anaerobic conditions.

11.3.5 Encroachment of river bed The flood plain of the river is a recharge zone therefore all encroachments on river bed should be removed so that recharging of the river takes place. Commercial activities in the catchment area effecting water quality should be restricted. Development of green river front should be explored for improving aesthetics. To maintain consistent flow in the river regular dredging of the river be considered as this will also help in improving the self assimilation capacity of the river.

11.3.6 Maintenance of STPs STPs shall have equalized flow so that they can be operated continuously and efficiently. In view of non-perennial conditions of the river, augmentation of treatment technology for all STPs to meet BOD level to 10 mg/l should be expedited. Many STPs have different units achieving different level of treatment, the treated effluent from the units achieving the standard should be considered for recycling and may be utilized in industrial sector wherever feasible. The sludge digester gas be used to generate electricity to meet the power requirement of STPs rather than flaring done in many of the units of STPs presently.

11.3.7 Automation of STPs The performance of the STPs is interlinked with the influent quality and operating parameters of the treatment process. A synergy between the two is essential for optimum performance of the STPs which was found lacking in most of the STPs as the operators 62

do not possess the required experience and knowledge to operate such plants. An IT based system synergising the operating parameters with the influent quality will help in improved and steady performance of STPs. In nearly all the plant, the sewage is generally pumped from intermediate pumping stations which are managed manually. For better management of flow into the STPs, incorporation of IT Technology needs to be probed.

Nearly all the STPs installed by Delhi Jal Board are based on biological system which necessitates continued flow of wastewater into the plant. Any disruption in flow for a longer period impacts the treatment efficiency of the STPs.DJB should explore the possibility of balancing the flow to the STPs. While designing new STPs, the nature of the habitation around STPs and the distance of the farthest point in the catchment area should be considered for better flow management into the plant.

11.3.8 Discharge of Sewage and industrial waste from Ghaziabad to River Yamuna River Yamuna receives wastewater from drains originating in Ghaziabad via Shahdara drain. These drains carry municipal sewage as well as industrial waste water of Ghaziabad City. The wastewater flowing in these drains should be diverted to STPs in Ghaziabad and only treated wastewater should be discharged in the drains only if it cannot be utilized. These drains should also meet the level of 10 mg/l BOD in the treated waste water coming from Ghaziabad, Uttar Pradesh.

11.3.9 Use of Treated Sewage in Agriculture The treated and untreated Sewage discharged in River Yamuna from NCT of Delhi is being utilised traditionally for agriculture in parts of Delhi, Haryana and Uttar Pradesh. Possibilities may be explored to use the treated sewage for non-edible agricultural products instead of mixing of treated and untreated sewage and utilizing for agricultural purposes.

11.3.10 Water quality degradation due to Idol Immersion and other religious activities Guidelines for Idol Immersion shall be followed during idol immersion and other religious occasions. The Concerned agencies should specify the place for Idol Immersion and take immediate action for lifting the non-biodegradable material.

11.3.11 Futuristic Standard of Treated Sewage

During the last decade, a number of sewage treatment plants (STPs) and pumping stations have been constructed in Delhi, however there are severe limitations in the sewage carrying capacity of the sewerage network which can be attributed to excessive silt

63 deposition and settlement, inadequate pumping capacity and non-availability of peripheral trunk sewer. As a result, large part of the sewage is diverted to storm water drains while the STPs remain under utilised presently to the extent of 37 %. Besides, almost 45% of the population in rural areas/unapproved colonies (recently regularized) is not covered by sewerage system. Najafgarh Drain is the largest of all drains in the National Capital Territory and carries a total flow of over 2064 MLD and BOD load of around 108 Tons per Day. River Yamuna cease to exist downstream of Wazirabad Barrage during major part of the year and gets its flow due to Najagarh drain at Wazirabad downstream. Due to the non-perennial stretch of river Yamuna downstream of Wazirabad Barrage, it is necessary to achieve a BOD as low as 3.0 mg/l at the outfall of Najafgarh Drain and other drains if the stipulated water quality of 3 mg/l in the river is to be achieved. Under the given circumstances, the conventional measures alone cannot help in achieving this objective. To address such a situation an integrated strategy involving conventional and nonconventional interventions are required. The conventional measures will focus on rehabilitation of the sewerage system including desilting, laying of new sewer lines, interceptor sewers, strengthening of the pumping capacity and establishment of tertiary treatment system including disinfection, reuse of treated effluent to the maximum extent possible, leaving the storm water drains to carry storm water and not untreated sewage, while the nonconventional measures can include aeration of the river water to prevent anaerobic conditions in the river, bioremediation of drains, use of bacteriophage to reduce E-Coli, implementation of decentralised treatment system and augmenting the self purification capacity by releasing adequate flow of fresh water. The latter set of interventions can be implemented independently in the short-term as they have the potential to reduce a sizable fraction of organic load reaching the river and can serve as backup in case the conventional system does not function effectively. Such a combined strategy can provide a cost effective and sustainable solution.

ANNEXURE-I COMMUNICATION MADE WITH AMECUS CURIAE

ANNEXURE-II

WATER QUALITY PROFILE AND TREND OF RIVER YAMUNA (WAZIRABAD DOWNSTREAM

10 9 8

7 6 5 4 BOD (mg/l) BOD 3 2 1

06 04 05 07 08 09 10 11

04 05 06 07 08 09 10 11

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Jan Jan Jan Jan Jan Jan Jan Jan

Sep Sep Sep Sep Sep Sep Sep Sep

May May May May May May May May Date of monitoring of River Yamuna at Palla BOD (mg/l) Criteria Linear (BOD (mg/l))

Figure 1: Trend of water quality in river Yamuna at Palla

BOD (mg/l) BOD 20

04 05 06 07 08 09 10 11

06 04 05 07 08 09 10 11

04 05 06 07 08 09 10 11

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Jan Jan Jan Jan Jan Jan Jan Jan

Sep Sep Sep Sep Sep Sep Sep Sep

May May May May May May May May Month of monitoring of River Yamuna at Nizamuddin BOD (mg/l) Criteria Linear (BOD (mg/l)) Figure 2: Trend of water quality in river Yamuna at Nizamuddin

50 45 40

30 25

20 BOD (mg/l) BOD 15 10 5

06 04 05 07 08 09 10 11

04 05 06 07 08 09 10 11

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Jan Jan Jan Jan Jan Jan Jan Jan

Sep Sep Sep Sep Sep Sep Sep Sep

May May May May May May May May Month of monitoring of River Yamuna at Agra Canal (Kalindi Kunj)

BOD (mg/l) Criteria Linear (BOD (mg/l))

Figure 3: Trend of water quality in river Yamuna at Agra Canal (Kalindi Kunj)

160 140

120

100 80

60 BOD (mg/l) BOD 40 20

04 05 06 07 08 09 10 11

06 04 05 07 08 09 10 11

04 05 06 07 08 09 10 11

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Jan Jan Jan Jan Jan Jan Jan Jan

Sep Sep Sep Sep Sep Sep Sep Sep

May May May May May May May May Month of monitoring of River Yamuna at Okhla after meeting Sahahdara Drain BOD (mg/l) Criteria Linear (BOD (mg/l))

Figure 4: Trend of water quality in river Yamuna at Okhla

ANNEXURE-III

QUALITY AND FLOW ANALYSIS OF DRAINS

250.00

200.00

150.00

100.00

50.00

0.00

JUL JUL JUL JUL JUL JUL

JAN JAN JAN JAN JAN JAN

APR APR APR APR APR APR

OCT OCT OCT OCT OCT OCT 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011 Najafgarh drain Discharge Najafgarh drain BOD load

Linear (Najafgarh drain Discharge) Linear (Najafgarh drain BOD load )

Figure 5: Trend of water quality of Najafgarh drain

8.00 7.00 6.00 5.00 4.00 3.00 2.00 1.00

0.00

JUL JUL JUL JUL JUL JUL

JAN JAN JAN JAN JAN JAN

APR APR APR APR APR APR

OCT OCT OCT OCT OCT OCT 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011 Discharge BOD load Linear (Discharge) Linear (BOD load )

Figure 6: Trend of water quality of Magzine road drain

2 1.8 1.6 1.4 1.2 1 0.8 0.6 0.4 0.2

JUL JUL JUL JUL JUL JUL

JAN JAN JAN JAN JAN JAN

APR APR APR APR APR APR

OCT OCT OCT OCT OCT OCT 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011

Discharge BOD load Linear (Discharge) Linear (BOD load )

Figure 7: Trend of water quality of Sweeper Colony drain

0.4

0.35

0.3

0.25

0.2

0.15

0.1

0.05

JUL JUL JUL JUL JUL JUL

JAN JAN JAN JAN JAN JAN

APR APR APR APR APR APR

OCT OCT OCT OCT OCT OCT 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011

Discharge BOD load Linear (Discharge) Linear (BOD load )

Figure 8: Trend of water quality of Khyber pass drain

1.6

1.4

1.2

0.8

0.6

0.4

0.2

JUL JUL JUL JUL JUL JUL

JAN JAN JAN JAN JAN JAN

APR APR APR APR APR APR

OCT OCT OCT OCT OCT OCT 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011

Discharge BOD load Linear (Discharge) Linear (BOD load )

Figure 9: Trend of water quality of Metcalf house drain

JUL JUL JUL JUL JUL JUL

JAN JAN JAN JAN JAN JAN

APR APR APR APR APR APR

OCT OCT OCT OCT OCT OCT 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011

Discharge BOD load Linear (Discharge) Linear (BOD load )

Figure 10: Trend of water quality of ISBT + Mori Gate drain

3.5

2.5

1.5

0.5

JUL JUL JUL JUL JUL JUL

JAN JAN JAN JAN JAN JAN

APR APR APR APR APR APR

OCT OCT OCT OCT OCT OCT 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011

Discharge BOD load Linear (Discharge) Linear (BOD load )

Figure 11: Trend of water quality of Tonga Stand drain

20 18 16 14 12 10 8 6 4 2

JUL JUL JUL JUL JUL JUL

JAN JAN JAN JAN JAN JAN

APR APR APR APR APR APR

OCT OCT OCT OCT OCT OCT 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011

Discharge BOD load Linear (Discharge) Linear (BOD load )

Figure 12: Trend of water quality of Civil Mill drain

JUL JUL JUL JUL JUL JUL

JAN JAN JAN JAN JAN JAN

APR APR APR APR APR APR

OCT OCT OCT OCT OCT OCT 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011

Discharge BOD load Linear (Discharge) Linear (BOD load )

Figure 13: Trend of water quality of Power House drain

JUL JUL JUL JUL JUL JUL

JAN JAN JAN JAN JAN JAN

APR APR APR APR APR APR

OCT OCT OCT OCT OCT OCT 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011 Discharge BOD load Linear (Discharge) Linear (BOD load )

Figure 14: Trend of water quality of Sen Nursing Home drain

1.60 1.40 1.20 1.00 0.80 0.60 0.40 0.20

0.00

JUL JUL JUL JUL JUL JUL

JAN JAN JAN JAN JAN JAN

APR APR APR APR APR APR

OCT OCT OCT OCT OCT OCT 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011 Discharge BOD load Linear (BOD load ) Linear (BOD load )

Figure 15: Trend of water quality of Drain no.14

JUL JUL JUL JUL JUL JUL

JAN JAN JAN JAN JAN JAN

APR APR APR APR APR APR

OCT OCT OCT OCT OCT OCT 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011 Discharge BOD load Linear (Discharge) Linear (BOD load )

Figure 16: Trend of water quality of Barapulla drain

30.00

25.00

20.00

15.00

10.00

5.00

0.00

JUL JUL JUL JUL JUL JUL

JAN JAN JAN JAN JAN JAN

APR APR APR APR APR APR

OCT OCT OCT OCT OCT OCT 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011

Discharge BOD load Linear (Discharge) Linear (BOD load )

Figure 17: Trend of water quality of Maharani Bagh drain

0.6

0.5

0.4

0.3

0.2

0.1

JUL JUL JUL

SEP SEP SEP

FEB FEB FEB

JAN JAN JAN

JUN JUN JUN

APR APR DEC DEC APR DEC

OCT OCT OCT

AUG AUG AUG

NOV NOV NOV

MAY MAY MAY

MAR MAR MAR 2006 2007 2008 Discharge BOD load Linear (Discharge) Linear (BOD load )

Figure 18: Trend of water quality of Kalkaji drain

JUL JUL JUL JUL JUL

SEP SEP SEP SEP SEP

JAN JAN JAN JAN JAN

NOV NOV NOV NOV NOV

MAY MAY MAY MAY MAY

MAR MAR MAR MAR MAR 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010

Discharge BOD load Linear (Discharge) Linear (BOD load )

Figure 19: Trend of water quality of Tehkhand drain

5 4.5 4 3.5 3 2.5 2 1.5 1 0.5 0 JAN MAR MAY JUL SEP NOV JAN MAR MAY JUL SEP NOV JAN MAR MAY JUL SEP NOV 2009 2010 2011

Discharge BOD load Linear (Discharge) Linear (BOD load )

Figure 20: Trend of water quality of Abu Fazal drain

4.5

3.5

2.5

1.5

0.5

0 JAN MAR MAY JUL SEP NOV JAN MAR MAY JUL SEP NOV JAN MAR MAY JUL SEP NOV 2009 2010 2011

Discharge BOD load Linear (Discharge) Linear (BOD load )

Figure 21: Trend of water quality of Jaitpur drain

25.00

20.00

15.00

10.00

5.00

0.00

JUL JUL JUL JUL JUL JUL

JAN JAN JAN JAN JAN JAN

APR APR APR APR APR APR

OCT OCT OCT OCT OCT OCT 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011 Discharge BOD load Linear (Discharge) Linear (BOD load )

Figure 22: Trend of water quality of Tughlakabad drain

250

200

150

100

JUL JUL JUL JUL JUL JUL

JAN JAN JAN JAN JAN JAN

APR APR APR APR APR APR

OCT OCT OCT OCT OCT OCT 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011

Discharge BOD load Linear (Discharge) Linear (BOD load )

Figure 23: Trend of water quality of Shahdara drain

JUL JUL JUL JUL JUL JUL

JAN JAN JAN JAN JAN JAN

APR APR APR APR APR APR

OCT OCT OCT OCT OCT OCT 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011

Discharge BOD load Linear (Discharge) Linear (BOD load )

Figure 24: Trend of water quality of Sarita vihar drain